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Farm ard
Garden
PROPER CARE OF EGGS.
Mistake to Hold Them For Higher
Prices Says Philadelphia Writer.
Where can the Illume !*• properly
placed fit tile presence of had eggs
In the maikets? What are the causes?
The Kansas State Agricultural college
piures the hlame, at least In part
with the farmer for the following two
reasons: First some few farmers de
liberately lake eggs to market which
they know are not fresh because they
reason that the merchant Is compelled
to take them or lose their trade; sec
ond and by far the greatest reason.
Is because of ignorance on the part of
the farmer as to how to sell eggs, says
n writer In the I’hiladetphia Record.
It is indeed a bad practice to trade
off the eggs at the village store. Some
merchants even offer 2 cents a dozen
more for eggs sold for trade than
they do those sold for cash. The price
of goods is raised to meet the defi
ciency in the profit from the eggs.
The farmer makes almost nothing by
the competition.
As these merchants take the eggs as
they come, it Is an incentive for some
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TRAP NEST IN OPERATION
farmers to make an extra effort to
supply the merchants with all the eggs
they can get, and all the weeds, or
chards. barn lofts, etc., are forced to
give up their sometimes rather ancient
supply of eggs.
When the clean, fresh eggs are gath
ered they must be kept In a c!eau,
dry, cool place until marketed Good
egg cases in such a place, kept up off
the Moor, make excelleut receptacles
for keeping eggs.
Holding eggs for better prices might
look like a shrewd business move, but
It is not. There is nothing that counts
so strongly In a man's sucuess as repu
tation. and the farmer upon whom
great confidence is placed for market
ing nothing but prime slock is the man
that Is sure to win out.
During hot weather eggs stale very
quickly. Therefore It is advisable to
collect several times n day. lu fact,
that rule is enforced the entire year
on the farm of the writer—in winter
to prevent their being chilled or crack
ed, in summer to avoid their being
staled by heat.
The life of a fresh egg is generally
computed at three days. Therefore to
guarantee freshness they should be
marketed two or three times a week.
Grading eggs according to size and
color, endeavoring to have uniformity
3ti each shipment, is a good business
move, especially when a retail trade is
being supplied
If before marketing the farmer will
rnndle his eggs he will not only feel
doubly sure of their condition, but he
can safely guarantee them. An egg
tester can be purchased at any poultry
'' “
CAPON READY FOR MARKET.
supply bouse for about 35 ceuts. This
'will Bt over au ordinary house lamp.
With this tester in a dark room the
eggs can be easily candleu.
An absolutely fresh egg when held
up before the egg caudle should be
Very clear and only the dim outline of
the yolk be visible. There should be
mo air cell visible. Any other than
that is not absolutely fresh. At the
large end a clear space known as the
air cell becomes larger as the egg
grows older, caused by the evapora
tion of the water content of the egg
ijf a dark spot is noticed it is either a
rot or a developing germ. A red blood
ring is caused lay a dead germ. Whiter
Streaks in the shell Show that it is
cracked. Thus eggs may be graded
4>y caudliug into fresh, stale, cracked
mud rotten classes.
Instead of letting the hens run
around anywhere in the weeds and
lay tlielr egirs. the farmer should pro
vide proper nests for them. The trap
nest Is an excelleut idea, and when
Mrs. Hen gets used to This kind she
will have no other. This care would
Improve the quality of the eggs, be
cause the “outlay.” so to speak, would
always be discovered early.
Another source of profit which too
many farm [>eople ignore Is the pre
paring of capons for the market Geld
ing a male chicken always Improves
dls fie<h for the table, and it Is well
to put caponlzed fowls In a pen by
themselves for fattening
IRRIGATION IN WINTER.
Result* Verv Satisfactory Where Tried
In Western States.
When water is applied either to bare
oi; or to crops outside tne regular irri
-■:stien season it is termed winter Irri
tation. The practice tints far lias been
• ■Mined largely to the warmer parts
l ilie arid region It nas become well
•stnbiislied hi Arizona and California
art is being quite rapidly extended
. | ans of Oregon. Kansas and the
lucky mountain slates
experience has shown that a deep
•• tentive soil Is capable of storing a
irge quantity of water. On account
f the fluctuation ot western streams of
;l kinds, from the small creek to Ihe
11 ge river, the greatest foyv of water
■fteii comes at a season when there Is
•asl demand for it. In a few loeall
ies adequate storage facilities have
asm provided to retain the surplus,
at as a rule it is allowed to go to
vaste. Tlie passage of so much waste
,ater led to tile introduction of winter
rrigation. and In nearly every case
ae results have been satisfactory,
i he chief differences between winter
ir.tl ordinary irrigations are the larger
column* used, the crude manner ot
'•onveyliig and applying the water and
lie dormant or partially dormant e«n
lit ion of the plants at the time of ir
rigation.
In Fresno county. Cal., water Is
turned Into the canals in .innunry and
February. The large canals of the
iodesto and Turlock districts run
nore than hnlf a head during tile Int
cr luilf of February. This Is the
rainy period in both these localities. ;
and the soil is usually too wet for
plant growth, hut water is applied to
alfalfa fields to fill up the subsoil so i
as to provide a surplus for the rain ,
less summer when water Is scarce.
Resides furnishing a supply of much j
needed moisture, winter Irrigation
when conditions are favorable, pre
vents winter killing and improves the
mechanical condition of the soil.
UNIQUE WINTER PLOWING.
Snow Plowed Under It Said to Be “the
Poor Men’s Manure."
Most farmers unhitch and turn lu
when snow begius to fall, but here
we have a picture of a Vermont man
who finished his fall plowing after the
ground was well covered with the
whiteness.
Snow has been called the poor man’s [
manure because it washes from the ;
atmosphere as it falls some nitrogen J
In the form of nitrate of ammonia and |
sometimes nitric acid. The atmos- ]
phere contains varying amounts of j
these substances, but in very minute
quantities. Just after au electrical j
PLOWING SNOW IN VERMONT.
storm the quantity is increased, as the
electricity converts some of the free
nitrogen of the atmosphere into these
available forms. There are more ui
trates and ammonia salts in the at
mosphere near cities than in the coun
try, as these substances are found in
the escaping smoke of factories.
Rains and fogs and even bail wash
the atmosphere of nitric acid and am
monia salts. After a dry spell a heavy
shower will contain sometimes com
paratively large quantities of these
substances, and a late snow in the
spring of the year, when the weather
has been previously dry, will contain
probably a larger quantity than even
a rain, for the reason that the snow
is more finely divided than the rain
drops and washes the atmosphere
more completely.
There are annually brought down in
rains, snows and dews about nine to
ten pounds of nitrogen available for
plant food to the acre. This, if bought
in the form of commercial fertilizers,
would cost, say, $1.75. I assume,
therefore, says M. A. Scovell of the
Kentucky experiment station, that Is
why snow is called the poor man’s
manure, as it at least assists in bring
ing this much available nitrogen to the
soil.
Some Bad Farm Conditions.
Two hundred dairy farms in a dozen
states were investigated and inspected
tnd rated according to modern stand
ards of dairy sanitation. __Out of the
2Cr places Inspected The highest scor
ing dairy was entitled to 99. S points
out of the possible 100. The lowest
scoring dairy was entitled to only 9.58
points The average score of the 200
inspected was 3004 out of the possible
100 (Htinis. Some of the stables were
found to be badly ventilated, badly
built and too small for rbe number of
cows kept.
An examination of the milk palls
and the strainers used on these 200
farms made clear tile fact that these
things are often not so clean as they
might he and as clean as people using
them Imagine Traces of old milk
were found in many seams and covers,
and In only fifty-eight places 'ould all
the milk utensils be pronounced super
ficially clean- thar is. thoroughly wash
cd and scalded and given a full score
for lhat condition. Milk coolers were
found In use on forty-eight farms. Not
over ten thermometers were found in
use on the 200 farms, and in at least
10T. Instances positive knowledge re
garding the temperature of the milk
could not be obtained except by the
use of the investigator's own thermom
eter.
CUCUMBER CLAIMS.
How Our Alaskan Citizen* Stake Out
a Salad.
A encumber does not stand much
show on the Seward peninsula, Alaska,
according to ileury M. Hoyt, ex-dis
trict attorney at Nome, who amused
the house committee on territories at
Washington the other day by describ
ing the agricultural possibilities of the
far northwest. Mr. Iloyt gave the
committee his views on a bill provid
ing for a legislative council for Alaska,
but branched off upon the subject of
vegetables.
“You can grow cucumbers and let
tiro upon the Seward peninsula,’’ he
said, “by planting dose to the steam
exhaust of an elet trie light house
When a cucumber vine shows signs of
fructifying a fellow may take a visit
ing card, tie It to the vine and tlnt -
stake a claim upon the cucumber.
When the encumber grows lip It is
the property of the claim holder.”
“How about fruit? You can grow
thnt, can’t you?” asked Chairman
Hamilton.
"It will have to be hardy fruit with
the thermometer 80 below sometimes."
responded Mr. Hoyt.
The witness said he knew nothing
about the agricultural conditions in the
interior, which were painted in glow
lug colors by Delegate Wickershnin of
Alaska.
Mr. Hoyt, who is now attorney gen
eral for I'orto Rico, told the committee
that the character of the flouting pop
illation of Alaska made inadvisable an
elective legislature. He recommended
the appointment of its members by
the president, saying that the people
of Alaska were too widely separated
to get together on local needs and elec
tions. A legislature in part elected
and In part appointed, he said, also
would bring trouble, us [Kilty jealousies
would crop out constantly.
“FRET NOT THY GIZZARD.”
That’s How Dr. Pearsons Has Lived
Happily to Be Ninety.
Dr. D. K. Rearsons' ninetieth birth
day was celebrated quietly at bis
Hinsdale home near Chicago the other
day.
"it might as well have been my
fortieth," said the philanthropist when
asked how he felt. ”1 never felt bet
ter in my life. How do I do it? Well,
ever since I was a young man I have
followed out a plan of life that I think
Is the best if you want to be happy.
“There’s a well known German mot
to which says, ’Meusch, aergere dieli
nlcht.’ Literally translated it means
‘Man, do not fret.’ I make it ‘Fret not
thy gizzard.’ Be contented. Make
those around you happy and you will
be happy as a matter of course. Ev
ery man should marry young and be
contented.
“Mrs. Pearsons, who died four years
ago, married me when I was twenty
seven years old. We lived together
fifty-nine years, and I can say truth
fully that during all that time 1 never
had opportunity or occasion to fret.
“Young men should remember to ex
ercise a lot. Automobiles and horses
are useful in their way, but your own
feet will prove your best friends if
you walk them around enough. I
never fail to take my daily walks.
Also I believe In the early to bed,
early to rise adage. Go to bed at 7
p. m. If possible and get up at the
same hour next day earlier If you
want to, but never later.”
Dr. Pearsons said that he had no
further gifts to announce to his forty
seven children, as he terms the col
leges In twenty-four states which he
has assisted by gifts of money.
Rattled.
He—l trust you have forgiven me
for not recalling your name the other
evening, although I remembered your
face perfectly.
She—Oh, yes; but my name Is such
a plain one I should think you would
have remembered it quite as readily.
lie—Not at all. Your name isn’t
half as plain as—er—beg pardon;your
face Is ; mueh more aristocratic than
your—l mean to say that your name
Is harder than—
FISHING!
We Fish for YOUR Business by
using as Bait
Guaranteed Drugs
and Prices!
Honesty and Politeness!
Come to See Us.
TAYLOR& KENNiNGTON.
BANG! BANG! BANG!
The First Shot only Makes
the Game take Notice.
The First Order Attracts
Attention,
But its Receiving Repeat
ed Orders which Shows
That the Customer is
Satisfied. 1
TELEPHONE 288.
W. M. Wynne & Son.
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GENERAL CONFERENCE M, E, CHURCH SOUTH
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ASHEVILLE, LAKE TOXAWAY, LAKE FAIR
FIELD, HOT SPRINGS, AND ALL OF THE
BEAUTIFUL MOTNTAIN RESORTS OF WEST
ERN NORTH CAROLINA,
The most delightful time to visit Asheville and
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early spring and summer months.
For Complete Information Relative to Rates,
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