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hen you take In the city of Wash
yKSTj lngton what the unregenerate call
Ml a “rubberneck wagon” your course
is bound to lead by the Cosmos
IW W club. Until the Metropolitan club
t- *. built its new quarters, its build-
M ing was situated near that which
jrVjg ~ r ' Ml houses the Cosmos members. It
Tv Hi was the great delight of the in
flß w- Jll formation giver on the eightsee-
I llj ing automobile to declare to the
VVcl !p Passengers that the Metropolitan
club, "which you see on your right,
•jSaK> A is the home of the nobs, and
L— . J the Cosmos club? which you see on
(your left, Is the home of the cranks.”
Presumably scientists have become accus
tomed to being dubbed cranks by the unthinking.
It has been a long, hard struggle at times for
Home scientists to get recognition from the world.
The Cosmos club has a membership which in-
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eludes some of the greatest scientists of the
'United States, and, in its non-resident member
whip. some of the greatest scientists of the world.
There are botanists, astronomers, ornitholo
.glbr-ts, and, In fact, scientists of all kinds and de
ascriptions, to be found nightly In the great,
•weeping parlors of the club’s quarters. There Is
Just as much hospitality and jollity In the club
•e; are to be found lu the rooms of any social
organization lu the world —and learning besides
there, also. In order to bo a member of the Cos
*j>ob club you must have something besides
®nmey and social standing. It is probable that
ire are many members of other organizations
tj> ’Washington, who would be willing to throw
their memberships Into the deep sea, if the act
would buy for them admittance into the club
■*>f these sclehtists.
Ulie headquarters of the Cosmos club are In
‘the old “Dolly Madison” residence. It was there
that the widow of President Madison lived and
field social sway for years after the death of her
lint band During the Civil war, for a time, Adtui
jrft! Wilkes lived in the Madison house. It was
Wilkes who took Mason and Slidell from the Brit
t«h steamer,“Trent” and thereby nearly brought
on war between the United States and Great
BrlW'n at a time when such a war might have
insured ultimate victory to the Confederate arms.
I' The biological survey of the United States
government has lost the services of Dr. C. Hart
hlerrlam, who for years was the survey’s chief,
and who in the early days worked so hard to
make theservice what he succeeded in making it,
one of the most useful departments of govern
ment. Dr. Merriam has accepted the direction of
the Harrlman Foundation for Zoological He
ojirch. Mrs. Harrlman, the widow of E. H. Har
riman, the groat financier and railroad man, has
carried out the wishes of her husband, and has
»rt aside a large sum of money to be used for
purposes of zoological study. Acting unquestion
ably in line with her husband's wishes, Mrs. Har
rlman requested Dr Merriam to take charge of
the work.
It is probable that the former chief of the bio
logical survey is the foremost authority in the
United States in matters pertaining to certain
lilies of natural history work. It was Dr. Mer
riam. more than any other man, to whom Theo
dore Roosevelt went for advice about the scope
of his expected work in Africa. The doctor and
the colonel have been friends since boyhood;
when in New York state both were pursuing bird
«tudies and exchanging letters on general sub
jects of natural history.
These words about Dr. Merriam and the Kar
ri man Zoological Foundation lead one to tell a
story about the late financier, which perhaps
will throw some light on a side of his life con
cerning which most people probably know’ little.
One year ago winter I went south from
Washington, bound for Augusta, Ga., with a
friend. E H Hardman’s private car was at
tached to the train at one of the stations on the
way. It happened that my friend w’as a close per
sonal acquaintance of Mr. Harrlman, and he was
tnvited to dine with the financier on his private
car, and was told to bring his friend with him,
provided the friend would like to come.
There were several men of large affairs at
that little dinner party, one of the guests being
the president of oue of the greatest railroad
systems in che world. The conversation, natu
rally, w-as about big affairs of the financial world,
concerning which I knew very little, and I am
free to confess, cared much less. After hearing
a good deal about certain things concerning
which the discussion was more or less unintelli
gible to me, I ventured to break into the conver
sation and to tell Mr. Harrlman that I had such
of the journals of the “Harrlman Alaska Expedi
tion” as already had been published, and more
over, that I had read them.
For the next two hours 1 had ample evidence
that E. H. Harrlman cared for something besides
railroads. Ten or twelve years before he had
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taken a company of naturalists to Alaska with
him as his guests. He had had a delightful time
with the scientists and they had profited much
in a knowledge way by the trip to comparatively
new fields. I found that Mr. Harrlman was keen
ly interested in birds, trees, shells, flowers,
stones and mammals, and that he knew’ and ap
preciated nature in all its forms. That w’as the
only time I ever saw E. H. Harriman, but from
what he said during the two hours and a half
spent in his car that winter night I was not at
all surprised when I found out that he had pro
vided a fund for zoological research.
Across Lafayette square, due west from the
Cosmos club, is the vacant Decatur mansion.
This house was built by Commodore Stephen De
catur in the year 1819, and it was from its por
tals that he w r ent forth one year later to meet his
death at the hand of James Barron, also a naval
officer, who had challenged Decatur to a duel. It
is American history and the circumstances are
known to all, but It might be said that it was
Barron who was in command of the United
States ship Chesapeake at the time it was over
hauled by the British ship Leopard and searched
for alleged deserters from the British navy.
Books have been written about Lafayette
square, but the stories that are told about the
men whose statues are in the square, and about
the men who lived in the houses surrounding it,
are endless, and not all of them, perhaps, have
found their way into print. The statue of Lafay
ette was erected at one corner of the square not
long after the statue of Andrew Jackson had
been put in place in the center of the square,
provided a square can be said to have a center.
Lafayette visited America in 1825, and even to
day one hears occasionally of some living person
who remembers his visit.
Not long ago there died in Chicago, at her
home on Elm street, the aged Mrs. Davidson.
She was born in Charleston, S. C. Her maiden
name was Ancrum; she was a granddaughter of
Col. William Washington, a first cousin of George
Washington, it was William Washington who
at the battle' of the Cowpens fought a hand-to
hand fight with Colonel Tarleton of the British
forces. Colonel Washington succeeded in cutting
off the thumb of Tarleton’s sword hand, and
then there was interference which separated the
combatants.
Lafayette was a strong personal friend of Wil
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liam Washington, and when he visited Charleston
in the year 1825 he was a guest at the Ancrum
residence, MYs. Ancrum, the mother of Mrs. Dn
vidson, being a daughter of Colonel Washington.
Mrs. Davidson, then a child six or eight yearn
old, remembered the visit perfectly and kept
until she died a present which Lafayette ha 4
given to her, the grandchild of his old friend anti
comrade in arms.
There is no statue of Washington in Lafayette
square, though one day there may be, for it is
said to be possible that Andrew Jackson may be
put elsewhere and George Washington may take
his place. The nearest physical approach, so to
speak, that one gets to the first president, in La
fayette square, is in the White House, which
fronts it. It may not be generally known that the
White House was completed before Washington
died. It was only a few days before his death,
as Washington tradition has it, that George and
Martha Washington walked through the recently
completed White House, to give their approval
or disapproval, as it may be, of the arrangement
of the rooms. It is possible that that visit to
the capital was the last one which the Father
of his Country made, for it was only a short time
afterward that he died at his country seat, Mount
Vernon.
Reference to Mount Vernon brings to mind
the fact that there is living in Washington today
an aged man named John Lane, who is the only
living person who ever saw George Washington.
Now, inasmuch as the Father of his country died
111 years ago, this may seem to be something
pretty close to a false statement on its l’Ace, but
it is the truth nevertheless.
When John Lane was a small hoy the driver
of a stage that ran between Washington and
Mount Vernon asked the lad if he wanted a ride,
and the answer was a hasty climbing up to the
seat of honor by the driver. The boy made the
trip all the way to Mount Vernon and arrived
there just as they were removing the body of
Washington from the old tomb to the new one.
In order to make certain that the remains had
not been tampered with by ghouls who not long
before had broken into the old tomb, the coffin
was opened and John Lane, aged ten, was lifted
up to 100 c on the face of the Father of his Coun
try. Mr. Lane today is the only person who
survives of the little company which was present
at the transfer of the body.
Farmers’ Educational
and Co-Operative
Union of America
Matters jf Especial Moment to
the Progressive Agriculturist
A pessimist is one who, of two
;vils, chooses them both.
Sometimes a half-pint of happiness
will make a pec!-: of trouble.
The peculiarity of a crank is that
ae always thinks it’s his turn.
Gossips have automobiles beaten a
block when It comes to running people
down.
By the time you have acquired wis
dom everybody looks upon you as an
old fooi.
An optimist is one who would rather
believe that f-verytfcing is all right
than know the truth.
There are fair things in life so com
fortable as old friends and old shoes.
Do not be in haste to discard either.
The man who allows things to go
at loose ends is pretty certain ulti
mately to find his affairs sadly rav
eled.
Co-operative action is by voluntary
association. Trusts, broadly speaking,
are the results of both forms of ac
tion.
Many have enjoyed the benefits de
rived from the work of the Farmers’
Union without knowing from whence
they came.
Organization has become the watch
word of the century. The 'past his
tory of the race is largely a history of
individuals.
It sometimes seems easier to strike
than to lift up; but give us the man
who always lends a helping hand, no
matter what it v’osts.
Take your chances with the man
who is good to horses, cows and oth
er farm creatures. He will not fail
you when the pinch comes.
Where the greater part of the corn
crop goes to market by way of the
hog pen, a substantial increase in the
bank account is pretty sure to fol
low.
Now for a breathing spell. The
harvest season was long, the weather
capricious and the work strenuous.
Take a day off, and do nothing but
just rest and putter. Give the human
machine a chance to cool its bear
ings.
START OF FREIGHT EXPENSE
Cost of Hauling Ton of Farm Products
to Market Over Country Roads
Averages 25 Cents.
The United States department of
agriculture stands ready to prove that
the farmer is heavily handicapped by
the two million miles of public roads
of this country, of which only seven
per cent, is improved. It stands
ready to show that the cost of hauling
a ton of farm products to market j
over country roads is upon the aver- j
age 25 cents, says Birmingham Age- ,
Herald. On modern improved roads |
the cost is but eight cents. On “dirt” j
roads it is 39 cents, and on sandy j
roads it varies from 33 to 64 cents. |
These figures are demonstrable, and j
no farmer will dispute them, for they j
know full well what the cost for poor
roads is to them.
Were the cost of the haul to the
railroad reduced to 12 cents a ton, as j
it readily could he by improving the ;
public roads, the saving to the farm- j
ers of the country’ would be just about j
$250,000,000. “It seems easy," says the j
Washington Herald, “to write the fig- j
ures $1,000,000 a day; that is the '
amount of loss, or rather that is the
loss of gain the farmer would get if
he had good roads. He would get
$1,000,000 a day more for his products
than he does now. His bad roads im
ply a loss of about three dollars a
year for every man, woman and child
in the United States. If we can add
that $250,000,000 to the purchasing
power of the farmer, it is not likely
that we should hear so much about
hard times; there would be bound to
he a proportional increase in prosper
ity’ and our agricultural assets would
be very largely increased.”
This estimate does not include the
increased value that would accrue
from good roads to farm lands. It
takes account simply of the freight
expense which necessarily begins at
the farm. The cost of the haul to the
railroad is regulated by the condition
of the public road, and the time is fast
coming when the farmer will demand
that he shall be considered when
money is being poured out like water
for railroads, waterways and the like.
To Introduce Bokhara Sheep.
The department of agriculture is
seriously considering the introduction
into this country of Bokhara sheep,
from which comes the fur called “Per
sian lamb.” All Astrakan fur is now
raised on territory tributary to the
Caspian sea. The best fur is taken
from the lamb when it is only four or
five days old. The Bokhara sheep also
make good mutton.
Good Farming.
The best farmers are not all on the
best farms. Many a man has per
formed wonders on a poor farm.
| There are men who have good farms
j now who started in debt, without
| buildings, money, little credit and the
simplest kind of implements.
LETTER ON COTTON BAGGING
Mississippi Man Makes Interesting
Argument in Favor of Agreement
for Benefit of Farmers.
Now that the season for ginning is
coming, it is time for all parties who
are interested in baling cottons to
come to a perfect understanding about
cotton bagging for the coming
I have had a good many years’ ex
perience. tut always at the mercy of I
the jute bagging manufacturers, as J
well as the mercantile companies, whaM
were the distributers for the jute fac-B
Vries, and I can truthfully say that®
when there was a big crop to gin the I
jute bagging always went up as high 1
as 11 and 12V& cents, writes D. N. 1
Hearn of Madison, Miss., in Union 1
Advocate. We had to pay their price Q
even when the ginning competition
was so sharp that the price of Jute
took all the and with this con
dition of things existing, it looks to
mo as if every ginner would be anx-
Vjs to unite on cotton bagging,
whether they are friendly to the
union or not.
Every farmer, whether union or
nonunion, should demand that all bag
ging should be made of cotton. That
would consume eight million pounds
of cotton for a twelve million bale
crop, and there are six or seven fac
tories that have promised to add nine
pounds to the weight of every bale of
cotton that we sell them with cotton
bagging on it. That would compen
sate for the difference in weight, and
if all or nearly all cotton was wrapped
in cotton, the 30-pounds tare would be
taken ofT.
Away back in the Alliance timesTae
jute bagging went so high it was al
most prohibited and thousands of
bales were wrapped in old gunny
sacks, oat sacks and osenburg, and it
was at this time that Odenheimer
came to the farmer's rescue and made
a good cotton bagging which run the
price of jute bagging as low as four
and five cents. Just think of the farm
ers having to wrap four-cent cotton in
fourteen-cent bagging. Now, Mr. Oden- j
heimer is offering to furnish cotton
bagging again, and I for one believe
that cotton should he used for cotton
as well as for corn and oat sacks. By i
doing this we would only be making I
use of our bad cotton. If we do any-B
thing to increase the price of cotton®
and cotton goods, the cotton grow’ersß
are the ones who are benefited. The I
wage earner is benefited, and that has
a price lifting effect; in other words, ,
increases the capacity to consume as j
w’e increase prices.
To get back to the subject of cotton
bagging, I hope that the farmers,
ginners, in fact, everyone who really J
wants to do something to better
condition of cotton prices, and th<fl
country generally, will take up. thijß
bagging question and decide it, &ncfl
stand by the decision we
though til.- heav.’ns fall.
• .Tilling r . .\f;
the bagging for
and arranged with Mr.
son to supply those of my communityl
that ginned their cotton at Madison
station. I do not think there was
more than six or seven bales wrapped
with cotton in this vicinity. There
' should be an arrangement made that
would be binding legally, that carries
! or fixes a penalty so that everyone
who signs it would have to stand to
■ the rack, fodder. I see that some say
i that the cotton bagging w’ill not hold.
Neither will jute bagging, the way cot
\ ton is handled. As an evidence, just
go to the compress where cotton is
! handled and see the condition of the'l
| bales wrapped in jute bagging and
| you will be convinced.
Eradicate Bull Thisfie.
Bull thistles, common in pastures,
cannot always be killed by mowing.
Mowing tends to prevent maturity of
seed. Cutting off the thistles just be
low the surface of the ground, two or
three times a year, will effectually
eradicate them. Working the ground
in rotation of grass, grain and corn ist
a very sure way of eradicating weeds"
Garden in Orchard.
Garden crops may be grown
fully between the rows of all kinds of
young fruit trees. Peas and beans
are particularly desirable for this pur
pose because, being legumes, they en
rich the soil and actually aid in the
growth of the trees. By a cropping
system of this kind the expense of the
orchard may be easily paid until the
trees come into full bearing.
Feeding Chickens.
Noontime is the best time to feed
chickens raw vegetables such as cab
bages, beets and turnips.
Grain should not be fed oftener than
twice a day.
Thousands of hens are killed eve™
year by feeding too much wet foqJI
and mashes. The greater portion oj
the feed should be dry.
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