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F SCIENCE IN FARMING
l One of Prime Necessities
* Throughout Entire Country.
■fly of Country Are Greatest Asset
Has and Progress in All
Depends Largely on
Their Condition.
Wilson, secretary of agricul
turtrhn a recent address delivered in
Chicago, told of the necessity of bet
ter farming throughout the entire
country. In the course of his remarks
he said:
To stop a growing decrease in the
yield of the average acre, the govern
ment has made provision for the es
tablishment of agricultural colleges
and experimental stations. Within the
last few years the acre has been re
sponding better and the yield is in
creasing. Conservation of natural re
sources has had a great deal of at
tention lately. I think broad-minded
men will have no difficulty in reach
ing the conclusion that the soils of
the country are the greatest asset the
nation has, that progress in all direc
tions depends upon the condition of
the soil, and that there is no material
inquiry of such great value as what
pertains to the soils of the United
States. The notion is not worth be
ing entertained that any of our soils
are beyond redemption.
The people of the older nations of
the world took care of fertility of the
soil as a matter of prime necessity,
and long ago ascertained the proper
succession of crops and their relation
to the soil, the food of man, and the
food of animals.
They knew the soil must be fed,
that proper physical conditions must
be maintained, and they learned from
experience how to do it. They learned
that the decaying plant returned to
the soil is the best food the growing
plant can have. They became aware
that the removal of the crops from
the farm resulted in soil deterioration
unless the equivalent was returned
from some source. They had discov
ered the value of the legume in farm
management long before Hellriegel
discovered its office in fixing nitrogen
In the soil.
The southern states are making
great progress in agriculture, and in
stances of production, indicating what
the soil can be made to do, might be
cited. Boys under sixteen years of
age in South Carolina grew 228 bush
els of corn to an acre. Even in the
great corn belt nothing of that kind
has ever been done. The average in
. the i t'u be(t is quite low; that aver
age fe/fght be greatly increased.
Each of 46,400 boys under sixteen
of age has grown corn or pota
toes or tobacco or some other crop
during the season just passed. What
ever the boy is doing interests the
mature man. The southern states are
offering prizes to boys who have or
ganized themselves into clubs for the
purpose of bringing up to full activity
the productive powers of the southern
soil.
That might be done in other sec
tions of the country with great profit.
The boy of 16 who has grown two or
three times the average amount of
corn grown on an acre in his state,
begets an interest in the farm. He
sees the profit resulting from good
management. He learns his first les
son with regard to fertilizing and with
regard to cultivation, the proper selec
tion of seed, and all that; and he also
learns the most valuable lessons he
will ever get in his.life.
Work similar to this need not be
confined to corn, tobacco and pota
toes, but might also be done with re
gard to all other farm interests.
PLOW FOR RECLAIMED SWAMP
Peculiar Character of Louisiana Soil
Causes Development of Unusual
Mechanical Device.
The peculiar character of the soil in
the reclaimed swamps of Louisiana
has caused the development of an un
usual mechanical device, known tech
nically as the "caterpillar.”
When the water is drained away
from the swamp lands the soil at first
is so soggy that a horse cannot walk
on it. For some time this sponginess
makes it impossible to do anything to
ward development.
The necessity of plowing the land,
and also rolling it, caused makers
of traction engines to put broad
wheels on light machines. These
■wheels are connected by a belt of
heavy wood that forms a roadway
wherever the machine goes. The mov
able sidewalk under the machine is
ibasad enough so that the engine does
\bt become mired. When the soil has
Ween rolled and plowed in this man
ner it quickly becomes firm enough for
ordinary farming.
Strong Demand for Horses.
There have been more three and
four year old horses sold on the Chi
cago market during the past few
years than ever before. This means
that there are not enough horses on
the market to supply the normal city
demand; otherwise these good young
horses would not be bought for use
upon the streets. Notwithstanding
\xh 1 } inroads that automobile trucks
[jjind drays have made in the street
transportation, there is still a greater
demand for horses than there has
ever been before. There never was
a time that promised better returns
to the breeder of sound, heavy draft
horses of good type. '
'device for corn planting
Drops Kernels Neatly Into Rows and,
Spade-Like Apparatus Covers Them
Over—Works Easy.
Among the many implements in-,
vented from time to time to make:
the life of the farmer easier is the'
corn-planter shown here and designed
by an Oklahoma man. It will save
the farmer from many an aching back,
for where he formerly had to stoop
innumerable times in sowing corn and
covering up the trenches, this device
will enable him to walk along the
rows with head and shoulders erect.
The general shape of this apparatus
is shown in the cut. Below the handle*
A Corn-Planting Device.
is a lever, which can easily be operat
ed by the same hand that carries the
implement. This lever controls a
hinged lip at the tapering bottom of
the receptacle, which, of course, holds
the corn kernels, and when it is press
ed the lip opens a crack and lets the
kernels filter through. When the
pressure on the lever is removed the
lip closes by means of a spring. The
little spadelike ’arrangement at the
bottom, also controlled by the lever,
is used to scrape the dirt into the
trench as the corn is sowed.
MACHINE FOR CIGAR SMOKING
Curious Apparatus Used by Depart
ment of Agriculture to Test
Quality of Tobacco.
The curious apparatus here illus
trated is a cigar-smoking device used
at the Department of Agriculture at
Washington to test the burning quali
ties of cigars. The smoking is accom
plished by allowing the water in the
glass vessel at the left to escape
gradually through tubes. This move
ment of water creates a vacuum, and
I I ~
Cigar-Smoking Machine.
as the air is sucked into the vacant
part of the vessel the suction causes:
a pull on the cigars, four of which are,
smoked at a time. The action is ex-j
actly the same as when a smoker'
draws air through a cigar by puffing.
j&fiencral&
Farm Notes
Promiscuous cross-breeding never
leads to desirable results.
If you have alfalfa hay give thej
brood sows a feed of ... daily.
If you have colts to break, do not
try to teach them too much at once.
Exercise will help make the streak
of lean and streak of fat that is de
sired.
Bright oat straw makes very good
roughage for horses not working hard'
during the winter months.
Do the pigs squeal because they are'
hungry or cold? Find out; there is!
no profit In either condition.
Cold pressed cottonseed cake
should be fed at' the rate of about one
pound to nine pounds of corn.
There Is a growing demand for
good bacon. Rangy breeds, with ten
der, lean, juicy meat are the ones to
bring profit.
The large Pekin ducks are profit
able to raise. The small common
ducks do not weigh enough to make 1
them profitable.
Farm manure always has been and
probably always will be the most im
portant and most abundant material
for soil improvement.
Do not always be fussing with the
setting hens. Feed and water them
regularly and dust twice a week with!
insect powder, but otherwise let them
alone.
The proper time to begin milkingi
a heifer or any other cow) is when'
the udder becomes painfully distend-,
ed with milk, and no 111 effects should]
follow from such milking.
Some men have cleared 100 per,
cent, or their money in sheep for
years; but these are the real shep
herds. Not every man has the shep
herd instinct; but we may all do bet
ter than we do.
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Housework Tiresome?
i
Genuine Relief
“For five years,” writes Mrs. L. Fulenchek, Houston,
Texas, “I suffered with pains all over, especially in my back
and side, and was so weak I could hardly do my housework.
A friend told me of Cardui. Since taking it, I feel so much
better 1 Now I can do all my housework, and am not bothered
with pains at all. Cardui has been a wonderful help to me.”
Cardui, the woman’s tonic, has proven especially beneficial,
In cases of womanly ailments with pain as a principal symp
tom, whether the pains come from too much walking, standing,
Take CARDUI..
A Mennonite Custom.
When a young man reaches the
marriageable age and shows those
well-known symptoms the elders of
the church hold a meeting. They
decide if he is honest and reliable
to buy him a farm, usually an eighty.
Into the farm he puts his savings, and
then members of the congregation
raise the Test of the funds to pay for
the land.
This amount the young man must
pay back with a small rate of inter
est. Thus by example and material
assistance they bind him by the
strongest bonds, that of debtor to the
church. They know full well that
nothing can be lost, for the land is
always worth what it will cost. After
the young people are located on their
farm the elders assist with advice
and help. Do you wonder that this
thrifty people are gradually buying
the best of all Kansas land and the
best part of the nicest little city
within the borders of that great
state?—Seneca Tribune.
When Publicity Is Desired.
"X Y. Z, this office,” was the way
the woman usually wound up the nu
merous lost article advertisements ne
cessitated by her absent-mindedness.
The other day she tired of anonymity
and returned in about ten minutes with
the request that her name be substi
tuted for the Initials.
"I attended to that in the first place,
madame,” said the clerk.
"You did?” she exclaimed. "How
did you know I wanted to use my own
name?”
He pointed to the words "Metropoli
tan opera house” in her advertisement.
“Because that Is where you lost your
bracelet,” he said. "I never yet met a
person who wished to keep his Identi
ty secret when advertising for any
thing lost at the opera house. People
who lose things any place else in New
York often resort to initials when ad
vertising, but if it happened at the
opera house the more publicity they
can get the better."
An Awful Warning.
To those students of English litera
ture who like to write of le dernier
cri when they mean the latest craze,
and generally to pepper their pages
with, tags of Latin and French, the fol- j
lowing authentic composition is pre
sented as an “awful warning,” says
the University Correspondent. It is
the letter of an Indian subpostmaster
who is anxious to be promoted: “Sir:
I have the honor to request lyou that
Mow About Clean Food
Another »Splendid Opportunity to
Bring Out Facts
When the "Weekly” which sued us for libel
(because we publicly denounced them for an
editorial attack on our claims) was searching
for some "weak spot,” they thought best to
send a N. Y. Atty. to Battle Creek, summoned
25 of our workmen and took their sworn state
ments before a Commissioner.
Did we object? No. On the contrary, we
helped all we could, for the opportunity was
too good to be lost.
Geo. Haines testified he inspected the wheat
and barley, also floors and every part of the
factories to know things were kept clean.
That every 30 minutes a sample of the pro
ducts was taken and Inspected to keep the
food up to standard and keep out any impur
ities, also that it is the duty of every man in
the factories to see that anything not right
is immediately reported. Has been with the
Co. 10 years.
Edward Young testified had been with Co.
15 years. Inspector, he and his men exam
ined every sack and car of wheat and barley
to see they were up to standard and rejected
many cars.
H. E. Burt, Supt., testified has been with
Co. over 13 years. Bought only the best
grain obtainable. That the Co. kept a corps
of men who do nothing but keep things clean,
bright and polished.
Testified that no ingredient went lntb Grape-
Nuts and Postum except those printed in the
advertising. No possibility of any foreign
things getting into the foous as most of the
machinery is kept closed. Asked if the fac
tory is open to the public, said "yes” and “It
took from two to three guides constantly to
show visitors through the works.” Said none
of the processes were carried on behind closed
doors.
At this point attys. for the “Weekly” tried
to show the water used was from some out
side source. Testified the water came from
Co.’s own artesian wells and was pure.
I did not receive any answer to my
petition as yet. Though I am flagrante
delicto, flat justitia aut ruat soelum.
My younger Fra has gone articula mor
tis. Ipso facto O! tempora O! -mores.
Does the life of a man go out like a
candle? Sic transit gloria mundi that
veni, vidi, vici. It is a outrance af
faire d’honneur which is agenda for
your pertinently consider.”
A Shame to Spend the Money.
"Pianissimo, pianissimo," * said the
vocal teacher to the student, “your
voice is too loud. Learn to shade your
tones.”
And the student worked hard to
carry out instructions.
When she went to her next lesson
the teacher said: "Better—but still
too loud. Try again—you will get it
after a while.”
Again the student returned to her
room and tried for a softer tone. Again
the te'acher told her it was still too
loud.
Now William, the colored butler,
without whom the house would never
have gone on properly, had heard and
wondered at this gradual diminishing
of tone. It did seem a shame to spend
the money. He would interview the
lady who occupied the room below
that of the vocal pupil.
"What does you think about de
voice above?” he asked, pointing to
the ceiling. "Hit strikes me hit’s
growin’ weakali ev’y day.”
Her First Vote.
It was the evening of election day,
and Higgleby had Just returned home.
"Well, my dear Jane,” said he, as
he kissed his wife, “did you vote to
day?"
"Yes," replied the lady.
"Straight ticket, I suppose?” smiled
her husband.
"Well, no,” said Mrs. Higgleby. "Aft
er thinking it all over and reading the
platforms of both parties, I felt that
one was about as good as the other,
so I split my ticket;”
"Split it?” roared Higgleby. “Why,
how did you do it?”
“Why, instead of putting an X over
the name of one candidate,” said Mrs.
Higgleby, "I divided it in half and put
a V over both.”- —Harper’s Weekly.
Their Happy Time.
Caroline —Are Emily and her hus
band happy?
Carl —Well, part of the time.
' Caroline—Part of the time?
Carl—Yes, when she’s at home and
he’s at the office.
He testified the workmen were first-class,
high-grade and inspected by the Co.’s physi
cian. to be sure they were all In proper phys
ical condition; also testified that state reports
showed that Co. pays better wages than the
average and he thought higher than any in
the state.
F. B. Martin, Asst. Supt., testified Grape-
Nuts made of wheat, barley, yeast and
water. Anything else? “No, sir.” Postum
made of Wheat, Wheat Bran and New Orleans
Molasses. Statements made on his experi
ence of about 10 year 3 with Co.
Testified bakers are required to wear fresh
white suits, changed every other day. Said
had never known any of the products being
sent out that were below the high standard
of inspection. Asked if any one connected
with the Postum Co. had instructed him how
to testify. Said, “No, sir.”
Horace Brown testified has been with Co. 9
years. Worked in Grape-Nuts bake shop.
Testified the whole of the flour is composed of
Wheat and Barley. Attys. tried to confuse
him, but he insisted that any casual visitor
could see that nothing else went into the flour.
Said machinery and floors always kept clean.
So these men were examined by the “Week
ly” lawyers hoping to find at least one who
would say that some under grade grain was
put in or some unclean condition was found
somewhere.
But It was no use.
Each and every man testified to the purity
and cleanliness.
As a sample, take the testimony of Luther
W. Mayo.
Testified been with Company about 10 years.
Now working fn the bakery department mak
ing Grape-Nuts. Testified that the ovens and
floors are kept clean and the raw products as
they go in are kept clean. Also that the
wearing apparel of the employes ha 3 to be
changed fGree times a week.
stooping, or just as a symptom of general female weakness, I
Cardui is a strength-building medicine. You need it if
your system is out of order, or if you suffer from any of the
pains, to which women are peculiarly liable.
t Women who need strength, should find it
in Cardui.
Fifty years of success have produced a con
fidence in Cardui, that cannot be ignored. Dur- I
ing this time, Cardui has benefited a million I
women. Why not you, now?
All druggists keep Cardui in stock, all the I
Get a bottle and try it, to-day.
First Owners of Furs.
“Women who expect to buy furs this
winter show a lively interest In the
Zoo animals,” said a Philadelphia ani
mal keeper. “They want to find out
what the animal looked like that were
their fur coats and muffs before the
furs were made over for them.
“The recent warnings against Imita
tion furs have made them particular
ly curious. Somehow they imagine
that by comparing the fur of a live
lyux with a cat or a rabbit they will
be able to detect the difference in dyed
furs. Of course they won’t, but any
how this little excursion Into natural
history will do them no harm.
“Women with caracul coats are the
most persistent investigators. Very
few people except furriers know what
kind of an animal caracul grows on,
and the specimens of the Russian
sheep that produce real caracul and
the Chinese sheep that cheap wool
that Is sold for caracul grows on have
been trotted out for Inspection so often
that they have become as blase as a
New York show girl.”
London’s Standards of Length.
Londoners have access to authori
tative standards for comparison pur
poses. These are fixed on the outside
of the wall of Greenwich observatory,
and the various lengths are decided by
passing the measure to be tested be
tween raised points Inserted in metal
plates. At the Royal observatory also
Is a pound balance, by which any
pound weight may be verified. Stand
ards of 100 feet and one chain (66
feet), with subdivisions accurately en
graved on them, marked on brass
plates, are available for public pur
poses in Trafalgar square, being let
into the granite steps on the north
side of the square. Where rigid ac
curacy* Is desired recourse must be
had to the Standards office in Old
Palace Yard, where the tests are car
ried out under the scientific conditions
as regards temperature, etc., prescribed I
by act of parliament.—Dundee Adver- |
tiser.
St. Erkenwald.
A church at Southend, England, has
been dedicated to St. Erkenwald —the
only one of its kind in existence. Erk
enwald, who was bishop of London
from 675 to 693 A. D., was at one time
a very popular saint in his country. It
was he who built the first stone cathe
dral of St. Paul’s. He, too, it was who
erected in fhe eastern portion of the
city the gate which gave the name to ]
Bishopsgate. This prelate suffered from
Q. Do you use Pos mi or Grape-Nuts your
self at all?
A. Yes, I use them at home.
Q. If from youi* knowledge of tho factory
which you have gained in your ten years at
the factory you believed that they were dirty
or impure in any way, would you use them?
A. I do not think I would. No.
Asked if any one on behalf of the Company
had asked him to testify in any particular
manner. Stated “No.”
All these sworn depositions were carefully
excluded from the testimony at the trial, for
they -wouldn’t sound well for the “Weekly.”
Think of the fact that every man swore to
the purity and cleanliness so that the Atty.
for the “Weekly” was forced to say in open
court that the food was pure and good.
What a disappointment for the “Weekly!”
But the testimony showed:
All of the grain used in Grar>e-Nuts, Postum
and Post Toasties is the highest standard
possible to obtain. ~
All parts of the factory are kept scrupulous
1y clean. "
None of the workmen had been to!d how to
testify.
Most of thf-m have been from 10 to 15 years
with the Crt. and use the products on their
tables at home. 1
Why do their families use the products,
Grape-Nuts, Pobtum and Post Toasties, that
they, themselves, make?
“There’s a Reason**
Postum Cereal Co., X,td.,
Battle CreeH, Mich.
gout during the later years of his life,
and had to be carried about on a litter.
After his death this litter was careful
ly preserved in Old St. Paul’s, where
he was buried, and in course of time
miraculous virtues were attributed to
it. It was held to be a sovereign cure
for fever, and fever-stricken pilgrims
from all parts of the country would
flock to the shrine of St. Erkenwald.
Mixed on His Melody.
A well-known newspaper that boasts
the authority and the excellence of its
dramatic and musical criticism pub
lished recently a criticism of a certain
charming light opera. The dramatic
editor was lavish in his praise of songs
and singers, remarking, with a digni
fied reminder to his readers that it
was his business to pass judgment, not
unmixed with censure, that the plot
was slightiy unconvincing.
Of the music, however, he wrote in
terms of highest commendation. And
he closed his article with praise for
the charming entr'actes.
The typesetter got free with the
copy, however, or there was a mistake
made by the printer’s “devil.” At any
rate, this is what appeared as the
closing sentence of a really masterly
piece of criticism:
"Last night’s music between the acU
was unusually melodious.”
Abolish Bear Traps.
Williamsport sportsmen intend to
circulate petitions to the legislature
looking toward the abolition of bear
traps. The only persons using traps
are those who hunt bears for mar
ket, and sportsmen are anxious that
the bear be more fully protected
than under the present laws. It is
pointed out by those back of the
movement that the catching of bears
in traps not only tends to exterminate
the species of game but Is a cruel
practice, as the animals frequently
free themselves by leaving parts of
their legs in the trap.—-Philadelphia
Record.
“Expert” Testimony.
A Marseilles "medical expert” has
just distinguished himself by declar
ing that a young woman found dying
on the pavement of one of the streets
had been assassinated. His expert
knowledge enabled him to state that
the causes of death was a dagger stab
in the back. It has been proved that
death was really due to a fall from the
fourth floor of a house on to the pave
ment below. The “dagger wound”
was a bruise caused by the fall.