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THE YAQUIS A NOBLE RACE
Most Remarkable Tribe of Aboriginals Known
to History.
MEXICAN TROOPS HAVE THEM AT BAY.
TTENTfON has
3 ft attitude called present again by of hostile been the the
L
‘I Yaqui Indians,
in the mountain
j? ■-aeas districts of
§ North u astern
Mexico to what
is perhaps the
most remarkable
6 tribe of aborig
inals known -to
history. T h e
Y’uquia differ materially from the
numerous other tribes’ inhabiting this
section of the globe, says a wj'ijer in
the St. Louis Globe-Demoirat. While
thoroughly partaking of the ferocious
nature of the Apaches of the American
frontier, and entertaining quite as
pronounced a hatred for all people of
more civilized tastes, they are char
acterized by a very distinct predilection
for intelligent forms of government.
Put that any restrictions or obligations
should be placed upon them by an
alien people, such as they have ever
been disposed to regard all mankind
not of their tribe, they are disposed
to consider as unwarranted iuterfer
euce with their hereditary customs,
and hence intolerable. The Yaquis
have been a constant source of dread
to the Mexicans ever’ since the first
attempt at civilizing the northwestern
section of the republic, to which
movement the former have been most
strenuously opposed. Like other
North American tribes, they hold that
the territory they inhabit is theirs by
right of inheritance from their fore
fathers, and every foot of land that
has from time to time been wrenched
from them lias ultimately been paid
for by the life’s blood of the invaders.
During past centuries the Yaquis
have been almost incessantly at Avar
with the Spaniards and their Mexican
descendants, and by degrees their
once powerful tribe lias been reduced
until at the present day it numbers
less than 15,000 members. Of their
former broad domain all the posses
sions that now remain to the Yaquis
are a few leagues of laud situated in
the lower valleys of the Rio Yaqui, in
the southern portion of the State of
Senora. Here, during the brief inter
vals of peace Avhich they have occa
sionally experienced, they have made
their homes, following their natural
pursuits of farming, stock raising and
mining. This is the land that has
been officially assigned to them by the
Mexican Government. Bask of it,
however, iu the fastness of the great
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A YAQUI HUIillKR.
Sierra Madras, lies a territory that is
theirs by right of their exclusive
ability to penetrate and when neces
sary to inhabit it. This is the war
home of the Yaquis. Here in the con
flicts of late years they have proved
invincible, unconquerable. It is a
country of rugged mountain steeps,
of deep, furnaeelike defiles and deso
late, sweltering mesa lands—a coun
try inaccessible, intolerable to any
thing human save only the Yaquis.
Such is the stronghold iu Avhich this
race of lighters is intrenched to-day.
The Yaquis derive their name from
their peculiar habit of loud talking,
their verbal designation Yaqui mean
ing, “He who shouts.” The Yaqui,
or Huaqui, is one of the chief rivers
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YAQUI GRASS HOUSE, SHOWING UTENSILS.
of Mexico, being about 400 miles iu
length, and is formed of several
streams, Avhich rise close to theAmer
ican boundary in the Sieira Madre
Mountains. The Yaqui has its outlet
in the Gulf of California, about twenty
five miles southeast of Guayinas, the
principal Mexican seaport of the Gulf,
The Htate of Sonora has an area
about 71,000 square miles, or
25,000 miles more than New York,
and a population of about 155,000.
The assessed value of the property
about $7,500,000. It consists
mines, cotton weaving, china potter
ies, cattle ranches ^ind'other 1 branches
of pastoral industry. The valley
the Yaqiii. which is the scene of the
present disturbances, according
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TYPES OF THE FIGHTING YAQUIS IN WAR DRESS.
American scientists and explorers em
braces about 12,000 square miles. It
is one of tbe most mountainous parts
of Mexico.
The Yaquis as a race claim descent
from one of the original seven emigra
tions from the North, having closely
followed the Toltecs of the sixth cen
tury or before, who founded their
kingdom on the site of Tula, about
fifty miles north of tbe City of Mexico.
They claim by tradition an earlier
origin than the Aztecs, who built
cities and possessed a civilization
Avliich was at its height in the time of
the first expedition of Cortez. The
Mexican Government lias announced
a policy of extermination against these
Indians.
The present uprising is the sixth in
their history. The Indians revolted
against Spain in 1735. The Hidalgos
ivere worsted in battle, but they made
up for their failure in arms by their
artful duplicity. The Yaquis revolted
again in 1825, and again in £1832,
against Mexico, when, armed with
bows, battle axes and spears, and led
by their celebrated chieftain, Bande
ras, they made it lively for the Gov
ernment troops, but were finally over
come. They made another attempt
in 1841, and defended their mountain
fastnesses with Spartan valor, and for
years held the Government at bay.
Order was restored by a compromise,
Tbe conflict this time will he to t4 0
death. In their ten years’ war th e
Yaquis were still using almost wholly
their primitive weapons. To-day they
are well armed,
The Yaquis are fine people, and
rather deserve encouragement than
annihilation, writes an American of
fleer who recently visited their coun-
S^rSr **•„ .^.iTT*; «, »
eiittmioa nor their (leacenrisnte. Their
military organization is almost per
fect, and consists of companies, regi
ments and divisions.
The wife of our chief blushed with
pleasure as one of onr number hung
about her neck a string of blue beads
as a parting gift. She was truly
worthy of .our admiration. Ho was
the grin on the face of her youngster
as he began to realize what sweetness
was concealed in a lump of maple
sugar which we gave him. Their
huts were our homes, the doors of
which would always have been open
to us had there been any. At the
back end of each were two tiers of
bunks for sleeping purposes; in the
front the family squatted, cooked and
lived. Mere justice demands that I
should say I found nothing but clean*
liness about their homes, persons and
surroundings, and the high opinion
which I than formed of their general
intelligence, great bravery and in
trinsic worth still remains unchanged.
They are not savages.
The talk in the papers about sur
rounding them and starving them is
rot, for it cannot be done at this sea
son of the year. At this time down
there everything is green and verdure
is at its best. These Indians live on
cactus, on a kind of brown sugar and
on parched corn and of this they can
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A YAQUI MAIDEN AVITH PAINTED FACE.
find an unlimited amount at this time
of the year. It is just as sensible to
put a man in a well and talk of killing
him by thirst as to talk of starving
these Indians uoav.
Just south of the Yaqui Indians is
another tribe which is about as large
and Avhich sympathizes largely with
the Yaquis. These are the Mayo In
dians and they are probably as fine
specimens of physical manhood as are
to be found on the continent. They
are as numerous as the Yaquis, and it
is the custom of these Indians to kill
all their old men and Avouien long be
fore they would die a natural death,
and they prevent the marriage of
either a man or a woman of the tribe
who is in any way imperfect or de
formed. The result is they have a
tribe of magnificent specimens of
manhood and Avomanhood. The Mexi
can Government will have its hands
full with the Yaquis alone, but if the
Mayos join them it will be a long
drawn out contest.
Bavaria, with a population of 5,-
81S,500, spends $84,800,000 a year on
beer.
• Spanish war veterans
Cause * u "**-«" d
In G. A. R. Emcampment
At Philadelphia.
A Philadelphia dispatch says: There
were lively times at Wednesday’s ses
sion of the fourteenth annual conven
tion of the Association of National
Veterans. A resolution providing for
the a d m i ss ion of participants in the
s ish war started a rumpus and the
result is that there is now a split in
the organization. The leader of the
forces in favor of the the proposition
was Past Rear Admiral B. S. Osborn
of the Farragut Association, New York
city. Shertzer, of Bal
.burgeon A. Trego
timore, stoutly maintained that the
association was organized for the sail
ors of the civil war only, and should
die with them. The vote on the reso
lution was overwhelming against ad
mitting the men of the late Avar.
When the result was announced the
Fariagut delegates from New York
and the delegates from the Admiral
Boggs Association of Newark, N. J.,
Avalked out in a body. It is their in
tention to start an opposition associa
tion to be known as the United States
Veteran'
The encampment elected Vice Com
mander-in-Chief W. C. Johnson as
commander-in-chief to serve the unex
pired term of tAvo days of the late
Colonel Sexton and selected Chicago
for the next annual encampment.
The day’s proceedings included also
numerous addressee and reports and a
significant sparring over the report of
the committee on pensions. This re
port was held in the greatest secrecy.
It complains of the construction of
the act of 1890 for the relief of the
civil war veterans and their widoAvs
and orphans not conditioned upon
evidence of service disability.
It says the original construction of
this was obligated in 1893 by unjust
and arbitrary rules, but expresses the
confident belief that President Mc
Kinley will take measures to bring
about a different ruling in the future.
It asks that the limit of inoorne suffi
cient to bar widows be put at not less
thau $250 a year, and that other rigid
condition be revoked. It repudiates
the charges of inflation of the pension
roll by fraudulent claims and chal
lenges such assertions.
The report was discussed for hours,
many delegates favoring immediate
adoption but the committee was finally
instructed to submit it again without
recommendations and resolutions.
The annual reports show 287,981
members in good standing on June
30th; losses by death aggregated 7,994
and that 1,G72 deserving sick and
maimed are not receiving pensions.
A plea Avas made for government at
tention to 6,682 soldiers’ graves un
marked. Numerous auxiliary associa
tions held their annual meetings with
the veterans Wednesday.
SCHWARZKOl’PEN SAYS NAY.
Ex-German Attache Declares Ho W.ll
Not Go To Iienncs.
The Anzieger, Berlin newspaper*
publishes an interview with Colonel
Schwarzkoppe.u which is believed to
define Germany’s polity toward the
Dreyfus affair'. When asked whether
he would go to Rennes to depose, Col
onel Schwarzkoppen curtly replied:
“No; I do not think the emperor
will permit me to make a statement.
Have we not already adopted a line of
conduct in the matter? We have done
so twice. First our ambassador to
France declared that we had nothing
to do with the affair. Then Count
von Buelow, German minister of for
eign affairs, confirmed that statement
plainly and distinctly in thereichstag.”
ALL IN SAVANNAH JAIL.
The Delpgftls Held »i Darien Hare Been
Transferred to Savannah.
John Delegal, Eddie Delegal and
Mary Delegal, their mother, arrived at
Savannah, Ga., Tuesday afternoon,
from DarLeu. They Avere immediately
placed in the Chatham county jail,
Avhere they will be held until the day
of their trial in Effingham county.
Germ an Entertains Chambers.
The German ambassador at Wash
ington gave a dinner Wednesday
night to Mr. Chambers, the chief
justice of Samoa, and the fact is taken
to indicate a better state of feeling
uoav that there is fuller knowledge re
specting the course of Mr, Chambers
iu Samoa.
THOUSANDS OF AFFIDAVITS.
Question of Railroad Assessments In North
Carolina In the Courts.
By far the greatest suit in which the
state of North Carolina has ever figur
ed will be heard before Judge Simon
ton at Asheville. It involves $10,
000,000, being the additional assess
ment of the Southern, Seaboard and
Coast Line railway systems which the
corporation commission fixed and
which the roads are fighting.
There nearly five thousand affidavits
jn the case. The raihvays took them
to prove that other property is not tax
ec j over 60 per cent of its value, Avhile
the state’s affidavits are to shoAv that
other property is taxed as fully,
MOTHER USES RAZOR.
c ; l{9 Her Fiye - Year-Old child-* Throat
and Then Her Own.
Mrs. Dr. James Burch of Lincoln
ton, Ga., iu a state of mental aberra
tion, caused from continual illness at
the house of her sister, Mrs. F. Dun
nington, in Augusta, where she was
A'isiting, cut the throat of Marie, her
five-year-old child, and then cut her
own throat. Both wounds are dan
gerous, but both may recover.
DREYFUS DECLARED GUILTY!
Verdict of the Judges Was Five To Two
Against the Prisoner.
SENTENCE IMPOSED IS TEN YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT
Penalty, However, May Be Wiped Out By the Five
Years Already Served On Devil’s Island.
A verdict of “guilty” was found in
the celebrated Dreyfus case at Rennes,
France, Saturday afternoon. For the
second time this artillery captain was
condemned for treason, the specific
charge being the furnishing of secret
French military information to the
German government.
The verdict closed a peeond trial by
courtmartiai, the trial being in many
respects the most celebrated before a
military tribunal in the history of the
world.
Though a majority of those in the
courtroom fully expected the verdict
they were completely stupified when
it was given, and the silence Avhich
prevailed in the room and the Avay
men turned pale and caught their
breaths was more impressive than any
other manifestation could have been.
As the audience left the courtrooom
fully 10 or 15 men were crying open
ly, and the majority of those present
walked quietly down the street for
more than a block without speaking a
word. It avqs like a funeral proces
sion.
Meanwhile a tragedy was being en
acted in the little room off the court
room, Avhere Dreyfus listened to
reading of the verdict. He had been
told the result by his laAvyers and had
wept bitterly, but Avlieu in the pres
ence of,the .officials of the courtmartiai
ho listened impassively to the sen
tence:
The general belief is that Dreyfus
will be pardoned, but this will not sat
isfy his friends, who vehemently de
clare that they Avill continue the bat
tlevuctil the judgment is reversed.
The verdict, they say, is directed
more against the JeAvs fhau against
Dreyfus, and if alloAvcd- to stand Avirl
make their existence in France impos
sible. ‘
The appearance on the streets Avhfen
Rennes awoke Saturday morning left
no doubt in the mind of anyone that
the final crisis of the great trial had
been reached. Instead of scattering
gendarmes guarding the vicinity of
the prison and the Lycee, the Avhole
town bristled Avith soldiers, all the
streets near the court were guarded
at intervals by double lines of infan
try.
The last session of the conrtmartial
opened at 7:30 a. m., Avhen Demange
promptly resumed his speech for the
defense which Avas. interrupted Friday
by the adjournment of the court.
The audience listened to his remarks
with the most serious attention and he
Avas closely followed by the judges.
Counsel said he Avas convinced the
bordereau was written in his natural
hand by Esterhazy. There Avas entire
lack of motive in the case of Dreyfus,
while there was every motive on the
part of Esterhazy. Dreyfus was rich
and happy; he had tAvo children avIio
were his pride and joy, and a wife of
whose devoted courage all were aware
— everything a man should desire.
Why should he have risked all that?
“Believe me,” added M. Demange,
“my conviction comes from an honest
heart. I was convinced that the judges,
with the doubt which will remain on
their minds, will find it impossible to
declare their prisoner guilty, for they
will rather turn their eyes to the men
hiding on the other side of the chan
nel.”
After this M. Demange, with his
voice broken with emotion, tears
streaming down his face and hands
trembling, concluded his brilliant flight
of oratory as folloAvs:
“My task is now accomplished. It
is for yon to do yours. I pray God,”
exclaimed counsel, lifting his arms
toAvard heaven, “I pray God that you
will restore to France the concord of
which she has so much need.”
Then turning to the audience, M.
Demange added in conclusion: “As to
you, whoever you may be, Frenchmen,
be you with me or against me. liuding
“VERDICT A POLITICAL CRIME.”
German Opinion Vigorously Expressed
Regarding Dreyfus A'erdict.
A dispatch from Berlin says: The
Dreyfus verdict causes a feeling al
most of stupefaction in German cir
cles. It has been hoped that the state
ment of the Reichsanzieger, as emulat
ing directly from Emperor William,
would have rendered impossible the
repetition of what is described as
“one of the greatest judicial and polit
ical crimes of any age.”
It is universally agreed that the
second verdict is a grave political
blunder, a violation of the laws of civ
ilization and an act or moral cowardice
which the world w ill find it difficult to
pardon.
ALARMING AT KEY WEST.
TAveuty-Tliree Additional Cases Yellow
Fever Reported.
A special of Sunday from Key West
says: “TAventy-tliree new cases of
yellow fever and two deaths have been
reported in the past twenty-four
hours.
“The situation is still very
and large numbers of people are
sent to the detention camp at
tugas.”
inspiration in the sublime idea of M,
Mornard before tbe court of cassation,
I say to all, we are Frenchmen. Let
us then be united in the common sen
timent of lovo of country, love of jus
tice and love of the army.”
The close of Demange’s impassion
ed peroration was followed by an out
burst of applause, Avhioh Avas imme
diately suppressed by the president.
M. Labori then said that he did not
desire to speak.
Major Carrier, however, claimed the
right to reply.
When the court resumed its session
after a brief adjournment, the govern
ment commissary began his reply.
He promised to be brief, and said lie
desired to submit to the courtmartiai
a simple observation:
“Weigh the importance of the two
categories of the Avitness; those found
against the prisoner; weigh the im
portance and judge, iu all the inde
pendence of your character and all the
strength of soldiers. Proof is every
where! The hour of supreme decision
has sounded. judgpent., Ijhmnceanxiously i awaits con
your also await it,
fidently and fully maintaining the
conclusion'already announced. I de
mand the application of article" 76 of
the-penal code and article 267,of.the
military Code.”
M. Demange made a brief reply to
this pud then Colonel Jouaust, presi
dent of the court, asked Dreyfus if he
had anything to add in his behalf.
The prisoner arose and in a voice
choked Avith emotion, .declared that he
had only one thing to say, but that he
Avas perfectly assured. Heeaid:
“I affirm before my country and the
army that I am innocent, My
sole aim has been to save the honor
of my name, the name borne by my
children. I have s ffered five years of
the most awful torture. But; today
at least, I feel assured that I am about
to nttain my desire fhrougli your loy
alty and justice. ” j *
- - , • TJlie Closing.Scene: ,
The court then retired to deliberate
and the prisoner left the hall never to
return, as in accordance Avith the law,
the verdict Avas rendered in his ab
sence. The ringing of a bell announced
the re-entry of the judges, an officer
ordered “carry arms!” and “present
arms!” The rattle of rifles folloAved
and then Colonel Jouaust marched in,
saluted and laid his kepi on the table.
The other judges did likewise, the
gendarmes shouted “silence!” and the
stillness of death fell on the audience
who Avere Avaiting, heart in mouth, for
the announcement of Dreyfus’ fate.
Colonel Jouaust began by reading
the judgment Avhich opened with the
question referred to the judges by the
court of cassation, was Dreyfus guilty
of entering into machination to send
secret documents to a foreign power?
He then gave the answer, that the
court, by a majority of five to two,
found Dreyfus guilty. audi
The pent up feelings of the
ence were expressed in a long, deep
drawn “Oh!” when Colonel Jouaust
reached the Avord “guilty.” The Avord
was pronounced under’ his breath.
Owing to the threats of vigorous pun
ishment for uttering any cry there
were no outbursts, but the faces of
the majority of the spectators reflected
an expression of anguished surprise. Avith
M. Labori heard the verdict
pallid visage, Avhile M. Demange fell
back iu a chair as though horror
struck, Col. Jouaust read the judg- and
ment Avithout a tremor of his voice
apparently unmoved.
The noise called for the stern cry of
“silence! siience!” and again all
around was hushed until Colonel
Jouaust finished speaking. He conclu
ded by saying the court would remain
sitting until the room was cleared.
Maitre Labori and Maitre Demange
took the midnight train for Paris.
They drove to the station in a closed
carriage, escorted by f our mounted
gendarmes.
JOY IN PARIS.
Condemnation of Dreyfus Received With
Rejoicing In French Capital.
A Paris special says: From an early
hour Saturday morning the boulevards
presented a scene of unwonted anima
tion. The crowds eagerly seized upon
the successive editions of various pa
pers giving hourly accounts of the
progress of the trial at Rennes,
At 5 o’clock iu the afternoon lue
Gnulots exhibited to an enormous
crowd a placard on Avhich the words,
i i Vive l’armee,” which indicated that
| the verdict Avas auti-Dreyfus. The
announcement Avas greeted Avith a deep
hum of approval and joy.
DREYFUS IS HOPEFUL.
Condemned Captain Tells His Wife That
He AVill Soon Be Free.
A dispatch from Rennes says: Drey
fus has borne the terrible shock with
marvelous fortitude. His Avife visited
him Sunday and to her he said:
“I am not uneasy regarding think myselt.
as I shall soon be free, but I oi
you and my poor children. They will
be branded as the children of a tra-'
1 tor.”