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Mew Points about Cotton Culture.
In making appropriations for the fiscal3’ear
ruling June Si, 1881, Congress enacted that
$3,000 should be expended in the purchase of
valuable varieties of cotton seed, and in such
investigation of the entire question of cotton
production as would tend to further develop
this industry. As soon as the appropriation
became available, Commissioner Le Due
secured the services of an experienced and
intelligent cotton grower, Mr. A. M. Aiken,
for making such purchases and investigations.
That gentleman having visited, in furtherance
of these objects, portions of West Tennessee,
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Alabama, Georgia, Sou*h Carolina, North
Carolina and Virginia, has made a full and
intelligent report of the work done, and of the
information gathered from observation, and
by personal interviews and correspondence
with practical planters in those States. We
have just received the advance sheets of this
report.
With views of comparing the different
methods of cultivating cotton in different
localities, a series of questions was propound
■ ed by Mr. Aiken to such parties as could be
reached a9 to the mode of preparing the land,
the distance between the rows, the number of
plowings, the implements used in planting and
working, the varieties of seed sown, &c., &c.
1 Sifting the various answers to these several
inquiries, we are led to the following conclu
sion, viz.; That, the laod should first be
an din the fallow here practicable;
that planting should commence as early in
the spring as assurance of spring weather is
had; that the distance between the rows
should tfe from twelve to eighteen inches,
depending on the same .conditions; but of
this we shall have somethingfto say farther
on.
Sinfe th<s Warthern experiments in 1873,
where, five bales of cotton were made on a
little oyer one acre with 4840 stalks, numerous
experiments have been raade-to test the ques
tion, and hardly a test has failed to indicate
the very great advantage in having a lesser
number of stalks than has beyn the general
custom heretofore. Instead of 30,000 to 50.-
000 stalks per acne, it has been very satis
■’ factorily determined that not over 7,000 should
be permitted on the poorest soil devoted to
cotton, and that on rich land from 3,000 to
5,000 will make a better yield than ten limes
this number. The methods observed in the
' Warthern experiments havebean fully Bustain
ed by subsequent trials. In that case, the
land, after thoroughly breaking, ]was 'checked
three by three faefe— six to, eight steed being
dropped in each Rill; to one stall—
a •* Cfaster” variety of cotton being planted...
No hoeing was given—it being cultivated
simply with the sweep. The soil was sandy,
with stiff clay subsoil, and had been in cul
tivation sixty years. The manure used was
1,400 pound Peruvian guano, 60 cart loads
pme straw, 60 bushels cotton seed, and 400
bushels jotted stable manure; the whole cost,
including labor and rent of laaid, covered by
less than the proceeds of a bale and a half of
cotton.
~But to retprp to Mr. Aiken’s investigations/
These showed farthey, as was to haye been
that stable .and commercial
manures were most successfully employed
when used in conjunction ; seed,
composted with acid phosphate, constituted
one of the best fertilizers for the crop ; that
the ordinary application was 400
the acre of such compost; and that this was
perhaps most serviceable when applied in the
drill. The crop is generally “pitched” for
twenty-five to thirty-five acres to the horse,
and twice qs many “ hoe hands” are needed
to keep it “ clean” (free from grass) as there
are one-horse plows use I in cultivating.
Perhaps to improved cotton seed, more than
to another cause, we may trace the increased
production per acre in many localities. For
a long time nine-tenths of the cotton planters
were satisfied to use frpij} year to year what
is known an “ common green seed,” which,
instead of being improved, are annually
degenerating iu .productiveness, are inferior
an tli* grade of “ lint,” produced. <ncl
The originfmost£feim h improved'’ varle.
ties—which have generally fancy titles, as
“ Gold Drop,” “ Inflation,Southern Hope,”
or are nanwl after *4rhe persons who have
propagated them, as “ Dixon, v “ Feeler,”
*’ Siuipson,” i‘ Cheatham,” &c.—may usually
be traced back to the “ Petit Gulf’ and
. ” Prolific.”
A little attention to Improvement in seed
is almost invariably rewarded by an advanced
price for the same, as well ns by an increased
y ield in the crop. Any seed can be improved
by careful selections made at the opening of
the crop from the most prolific stalks and
earliest matured bolls, and the matter com
mends iteelf to every planter.
The seed, in the Southwestern States, were
formerly considered of so little value as to be
thrown aside. Now, however, the manufacture
of seed oil has become an important industry,
over forty of these mills being scattered
through belt, pressing annually
over 40<&<J15o tons of seed, and yielding about
thiitvfive gallons of oil per ton, or a total of
14,QD0,000 gallons, which is extensively used
for adulterating pure olive as which the
adulteration is sold.
After the oil has been expressed, the cake
is uSed for feeding cattle, u/id is largely ex
ported for that.purpose. JL\. the oil mill the
lint that adheres to the seed, after they have
passed thropgh the farmer’s gin, is first taken
off by the •• picker,” *ad in the whole amounts
-"tirmiiy nuurnuu mm urmufu. the
'“halier’'*fakes off the outer coating of the
seed, leaving the’kernel t© \m pressed into oil
and oil-cake, the hulls furnishing material for
the paper maker. The price paid for seed by
these oil mills is about $7 per ton, a bus hel
jf seed weighing about thirty pounds.
The yield of cotton per acre the past season
may be considerrd above the average. Some
reported 1,000 pounds, and some even 1,500
pounds seed cotton to the acre, while none
were under 500, the general estimate being
800 pounds.
From excessive rains and unusual cold,
and even ice and snow, where these latter have
scarcely ever been seen before, the fall of
1880 was most unfavorable for gathering the
crop. As late as the 17th of January, Mr.
Aiken met with a large planter in Arkansas
who said he still had one hundred and fifty
bales of cotton unpicked in the field.
In conformity to instructions from the Com
missioner of Agriculture, Mr. Aiken purchas
ed, for gratuitous distribution, which forms a
distinctive feature of the Department, a con
siderable supply of many of the “ improved
varieties” that were found, by observation or
upon the testimony of informed but disin
terested parties, to combine the desired
qualities of early maturity, prolific yield and
length of staple. Among the varieties pur
chased for the Department, and which have
been and are being widel}'distributed through
out the cotton belt, we may mention the
“Large 801 l Prolific,” “Barnes’ Improved
Cluster,” “Simpson Improved,” “Long
Staple Prolific,” “ Zellner’s Cluster” and
“Worm Proof;” varieties that may be said
to have revolutionized the production of cot
ton in the localities to which, for the most
part, they have hitherto been confined.—Cot
ton.
NEW GOODS!
I
I HATE in stock, and Will continue to receive,
a full line of
® IgL
GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, &c.,
r
WHICH 1 WILL SELL AT
LJI'TTT* i' f(v s ■ ,
ATHENS PRICES!
, r with freight added.
/u #„. **} l f
Call and prjee my cash stoc| of
MAGNOLIA 11AMS,
BULK MEATS.
CORN and MEAL,
, CHOICE FAMILY. FLOUR,
, SUGAR and COFFEE,
MOLASSES.
rice, Spice, pepper, & c .
L* .. .
■mmimii ———— —■# ..
ALSO
"xn •> i .
b\u.\\vc cvwA V u\\cv\
Dry Goods 1
# nr j .
I sell for the CASH, and sell LOW.
, A. H. BROCK.
April Ist, 1881.
fk Outfit furnished free, with full instruc
tions for conducting the most profitable
business that anyone can engage ift. The busi
ness is so easy to learn, and our instructions are
so simple and plain,, that any one can make great
profits from tile very start. No one can fail who
is willing to w'ark. Women are as successful as
men. Boys apu girls can earn largs sums. Many
have made at the business over one hundred dol
lars ip a single week. Nothing like it ever known
before. All who engage are surprised at the ease
and rapidity with which they are able to make
money. You can engage in this business during
3 r our spare time at great profit. You do not have
to invest capital in it. We take all the risk.
. Those w r ho need ready money, should write to us
at once. All furnished free. Address True &
Cos.. Augusta, Maine.
THE TRADE!
A LARGE AND COMPLETE STOCK OF
BLANK BOOKS
-fnuoo noaibal AND
Stationery,
LEDGERS.
JOURNALS,
* LETTER BOOKS;
WRITING PAPER,
wMMonoT ~Lf Wi ENVELOPES,
MUCILAGE,
’ INK STANDS,
oriw ,# PENCILS,
x] in modi iva Etc -
Churches and Ministers supplied with Books at
publishers prices, by
BURKE & ANDERSON,
Feb. 2.3 Athens, Ga.
ENCOURAGE HOME MANIIFACTURES. ~
Maysville Shoe Factory.
We manufacture all kinds of shoes ; mens’
Brogans and Boots, ladies’ High and how Quar
tered Shoes, childrens’ Shoes, HARNESS and
BRIDLES. We are prepared to make all kinds
of fine work. We work the best material in the
most popular styles, and
Warrant our Work Equal to
cimj Goods on the Market.
We have experienced workmen employed, for
both coarse and fine work. As we defy competi
tion in quality; prices and service, we hope to
have the pleasure of supplying you with Boots and
Shoes. BROWN & RILEY,
Maysville, Ga.
triTAVe also keep constantly on hand a select
stock of Groceries and Provisions, Bacon, Lard,
Sugar, Coffee, Syrup, Dry Goods, &c., &c.
TEETHINA.
(TEETHING POWUKKS.)
\ FOR SALE. Br ALL DRUGGISTS
I £ASV
■—ul a , :s
. bowels
S ; % CURES
a,. LRu p ss £
W&* SOR£S -
fares (halers Infantum, Allays Irritation an!
makes Teething easy. Removes and prevents
Worma.
thousands of Children nut if he eared •
ery year by using these Powders.
For sale at DR. PENDERGRASS’ Drugstore
s ~—•. -.wiiiciate -~t- ii •'inlliif'njfc,' ~* —■
LOOK AT THIS!
•>f|B£ 1 1 t .(Mil Hsl m *
THINK OIF 1 IT I
ANTD
COME AND SEE FOR YOURSELVES.
JUST RECEIVED
4 l: > r ff M*. it y Oil liOßd >{ rm Vol in Vi!* O• n: < '*H" ' r .
300 ELEGANT COOK STOVES,
1 " /Zlr ■’ i‘ ; :V:h
3000 Dozen Wash Pans,
100 Dozen Splendid Baking Pans,
100 Dozen Elegant Dish Pans,
,! : * k ! ' i■■ .• y;* () ... . • ,n > j ! f 'fJl/
And a large stock of goods in our line which will be sold
CHEAP FOR CASH.
A. K. CHILDS & CO.
'• ‘ ‘ •“ f 1 . J * •'/!('S' j., : . ...
Ifab. 25 Opposite Reaves. Nicholson & Cos., Athens, Ga.
.. I . )' .’l! j ij •’■ ."j ■ ■ ■ 111 ;
MARBLE ! MARBLE !
A. R. ROBERTSON,
DEALER IN ITALIAN AND AMERICAN MARBLE
Monuments, Tombs, Head & Foot Stones,
a
LARGE and SMALL CRADLE TOMBS,
Marble and Granite Box Tombs,
AT ALL PRICES TO SUIT PURCHASERS.
A Large Lot of Finished Monuments and Tombstones on
t ‘ ••-' 'IS * •*! I m H' ,P ‘if* O -5 ’ * Hi# liJO / • ift
Hand for Sale and Ready for Lettering\
My Yard is Full of Marble, and Ready to Fill Any Orders,
GIVE 3VCE A. CALL, -A. IST ID C3-33T MY PRICES.
A. R. ROBERTSON,
Mon a mental Builder, Athens. Georgia.
BALDWIN & BURNETT,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN
BOOTS AND SHOES,
Mo. 3 Broad Street, Athens, Georgia.
HAVE just received the largest and most complete stock of Boots and §hoes ever brought
*’ to A thens. The quality of our goods is of the highest order, and our prices within the reach
of all. Wc deal
EXCLUSIVELY
in this line, and promise the most courteous treatment and perfect satisfaction to all who
may call.
TO MERCHANTS:
Our WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT is complete, and we guarantee prices as low as
any house in the South, and will save you freight.
G-IVE US A CALL.
. BALDWIN# BURNETT.
Athens, Ga., October Ist, 1880.
ISAAC JLQWE. JOHN GOIIEN.
LOWE c fa COHEN,
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC LIQUORS,
Im'mJ Dill Mil ".juflf! filli! Hit V •
WINES, Etc., Etc.
ALSO AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED
i m >ii v J imfrt- '-l/i •!j >: ..•?pot ji*l odt j-waj and to? j -'< i
Stone Mountain Corn Whisky.
Corner Broad and Jackson Sts., Atbetis, Ga.
Feb. 23 . ‘ : t
JUDSON’S MARBLE WORKS,
*n! ’ itn Jt -n Ujb // ~
ATLANTA, GEORGIA, /
MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN
* !^ v? ■ in*} r" •* W*o fi*iiMXu& inv Tti*„ niir i' iUi ICKU:
Italian and Rutland Marble, Monuments, Box Tombs, Head and
Foot Stones, Iron Railing for (3-rave Inelosnres, &c.
OFFICE AND WORKS ON CORNER OF LOW AND A LAB AHA STREETS,
Opposite Georgia Railroad Depot.
Orders Solicited and Promptly Filled. Prices Reasonable. Terms Cash.
Address D. N. JUDSON, Atlanta, Ga.
Inducements Extraordinary!
AT THE MAMMOTH
China, Crockery and Glassware House
OF NORTH-EAST GEORGIA.
JAS. H. HUGGINS,
No. 7 Broad Street, Athens, Georgia.
HAVINti just returned from the Eastern market, we are offering the largest, most varied
best selected stock of
CHINA, CROCKERY,
GLASS WARE, LAMPS, CIIAMD ALTERS, LAMTE RES,
&c., &c‘., 25 per cent, lower thean ever before known in this market. A fall
° And complete line ef
HOUSEFURNISHING GOODS!
Such as Buckets, Brooms, Selves' Trajs, Knives and Forks, Table anil Teaspoons, Coffee
Mills, &c. Also, a complete stouk of Table Linen, Oil Cloths,
r Doylies, Towels, Ete.
SILVER PLATED WARE!
A handsome stock of TRIPLE-PLATE SILVER CASTORS, TABLE and TEASPOONS
Prices SURPRISINGLY LOW.
ji ' '?3 /;f r> ; i * : •
Kerosene Oil by the Car Load. Also, Aladin and: “ Red C
Oil.” Staple Diy Goods, Groceries, Canned Goods,
Art •> >f : I'V ■ e : r. ’
BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS, LEATHER, Etc., Etc
at prices as low as any house in the State. DON’T FORGET THE PLACE.
1 - J. H. HUGrGrINS, No. 7 Broad Street.
PARKER & CAMP BROS.'
if M.J:. * , (a/! *• - nM f .ni 9 l of ch> i ’ -> Tm-* . t* '- i s
o Joui '* II )o ff i • - e j\ 3* j m $
We have within the last few weeks
opened up a first-class stock of
iuend ''ni/.jin A aaw aiili nv ~ • . ,
FANCY and FAMILY GROCERIES,
I r > t,n .j I .1 If /
CIGARS AND" TOBACCO,
f|,,, f,J > /ft*. :■/{ -!<! , , ( . r -,
STAPLE DR Y GOODS, HATS AMD SHOES,
t ! imi hci . * . *
All of which we are offering at
Rocls. Bottom Prices.
II j> Jkf n r’T) *>/• 'II a; a* -.l&* A- fift
Our Goods Are Bought From Manufacturers For Cash,
And We Will Sell As Cheap:As The Cheapest.
GIVE TTiS A CALL,
.*<• •’ ifL •> I- '/ * '
•KwA Se CovvwvwtcN. r V\tv\ N\ r y >&eww 'WYuA’W c
, j h(IR fpffg Iff!
Respectfully,
PARKER & CAMP BROS.,
nr * , 7
2o .... No. 12 Broad Street, Athens, Ga.
Marble Works
p -1-,, '
.AJNTO
M ANUFAOTOR.Y.
Iwl*: 4SW 81 Oilw fOiMfUtV ft
ih ai Moi m m*9*kid9*" hm mi
GAINESVILLE, GEORGIA.
i : o :
- H ! •■*'• X li • ' ~r‘ <>Ml * '*l Hi - ■ , , Jl?ai * • • ,
W E call the attention of the publicto our new and the ONLY MARBLE WORKS in .Northeast
Monuments, Marble Mantels, Etc.
all wdrk Yn our line, and will sqll as cheap as the same can be procured in any
near the Depot OUth ’ and res Pctfully solicit the patronage of the public. Office on Main SL
MADDEN §- MENGS, Proprietors.
December 17th, 1880.
Dr. J. B. rEXDER (llt.l SS,
HAVING BUILT AND FURNISHED A SPLENDID
BRICK. DRITQ STORE.
HAS OPENED UP A FULL LINE OF FRESII AND
Pure Drugs and Patent Medicines
of every description. He is now prepared to furnish the public with anythin" usually found in ft
nrst-class drug store, such as L
PAINTS, OILS,
VARNISH, DYE STUFFS,
PAINT BRUSHES, TOBACCO,
CIGARS , SNUFF,
STATIONERY, PENS, PENCILS,
INK, x'BAJR BRUSHLS,
COMRS, TOILET SOAPS,
PERFUMERY, dentrifices,
MATCHES, BLACKING,
BLACKING BRUSHES, 4c., $.
Special Attention Given to the Conipouudino of Erescrio
- o tions at all Hours,
With thanks for the libera! patronage bestowed upon him in the past, he still offers his pro*
fessional services to the public, and will endeavor to answer callis promptly and treat diseases wdn
skill, after the most approved methods. Charges as low as the lowest.