Newspaper Page Text
COEN STALKS
FOR CATT LE
Farmers Urged to Make Use
of This Valuable Forage.
MB. NESBITT DIBOUBBEB MATTER
?' t
i-*i*i*lMlo*«r ot Agr leal tore Requests
Georgia Sall Tillers to Giro the Now
rood Staff • Trial—A* to the Cotton
Acreage—Week Daring the I’art Month
Delayed by Bad Weather.
i Department or Agriculture,
Atlanta, Feb 1, 1898.
• SHREDDED CORN STALKS.
At a matter of much importance to
farmers, I again call their attention to
the immense value of the corn stalks
usually left standing and wasting in the
fields when they are shredded and used
for forage. I have recently had a con
versation with a gentleman who is now
selling all he can make of this forage at
$lO a ton in carload lots, and sl2 a ton
in smaller quantities. His experience
is that from to 2)£ tons of shredded
fodder can be made to the acre, accord
ing to the size and number of plants,
and that * large machine will ent each
day the product from six to 12 acres.
Os course in both cases the amount is
determined by the quality and yield of
the cbm crop. It has been ascertained
that the larger ihachines accomplish
more profitable and more satisfactory
work than the smaller ones, the stalks
being more thoroughly cut and shredded.
These machines being portable, if one
farmer cannot afford the higher price
for the larger machine, a combination
of farmers can invest in due and thus
by moving from on"e farm to another
the stalks for a neighborhood may be
converted into a wholesome and nutri
tive food. Or, as suggested before, one
man may own such a machine and by
working all farms in reach during the
fall and winter the entire crop of corn
stalks may be shredded without expense
to the owners. A strange proposition;
but nevertheless true, because the toll
may be paid in kind, and is taken from
an otherwise worthless product.
At the experiment station farm the
stripped stalks, which had been left
standing on the fields until January,
were hauled up and shredded’. The pro
duct was not only readily eaten by the
farm animals, but upon analysis was
found to contain more nutrimsut than
an equid amount of the cottonseed
hulls, now so popular as stock food.
The shredded fodder has this additional
advantage over the hulls, it is much
more relished by horses" and mules, as
well as cattle, and there is not the same
precaution necessary in feeding it. It
is well known by those who feed cotton
seed hulls that there is danger of its be
coming compacted, if fed in too large
quantities, and that it is always safer
to mix it with other more concentrated
foodutuffs.
The utilization of such a tremendous
quantity of forage will enable us not
only to raise more and better cattle and
farm stock for home use, but will give
an impetus to stock raising for export
There is a growing demand from the
west for southern cattle, and with fhis
enormous addition to our food stuffs, a
comparatively large number of beeves
may be successfully raised to meet this
market without drawing too heavily
upon the other resources of the farm.
Thus will be opened a new source
of income for the south and also
the foundation be laid for a direct
exportation to Europe of thousands of
southern raised beeves. We have every
advantage of climate and transporta
tion, and once the business gets a firm
foothold, we can scarcely compute its
benefits to the south. Our superior situ
ation and environment will give us au
immense leverage over our western com
petitors. This plan of shredding and
utilizing the otherwise useless cogn
stalks is growing in favor each day and
the time is coming when the shredded
fodder will be as much an article of
commerce as the popular cottonseed
hulls, once considered equally worth
less;
THE COTTON ACREAGE.
We have no new arguments to offer
on this subject on whiclf hangs the pros
perity, not of the farmers only, but of
the whole south, and we may spy, of the
country at large. In the successful and
profitable handling and marketing of
our cotton crop by farmers, buyers,
manufacturers and other* Weinolude a
very large per cent of Ohr national pop
ulation, and therefore the decision of
the farmers as to how much cotton they
will undertake to raise in '9B is a mat
ter of almost as much importance to the
whole country as to themselves. This
decision to some extent affects present
conditions also, for as soon as jt beqomes
known that a large crop it to be planted,
the price either continues depressed or
falls lower; whereas, if a reduced area
is decided on, prides and the general
cotton trade show a favorable tendency.
In our inquiry columns are spme very
pertinent questions as to the cotton sit
uation and the conditions of sUpplf And
demand. We have endeavored to an
swer them fully and clearly,-ahd to em
phasize what we have so Often repeated
in these columns, that the farmers, in
dividually, must control this matter
No convention or set of resolutions
however intelligent the former, or forci
ble the latter, seem powerful enough to
cope with it Each farmer must study
the question for himself and must de
cide, not how much cotton he can raise,
but how much he can raise profitably.’
When this is dene, and when each man
sets aside a sufficient area for abundant
home supplies it will be found that a
reduction of the cotton area is a fore
gone conclusion. Profitable cotton pro
duction hinges on home supplies-ana by
that term we do not mean plain bre’ad
and meat, but plenty of poultry, eggs,
milk, butter, fruit and vegetables as well.
In our climate all can be produced at
little cost and in greatest abundance.
But if a man overburdens himself
with an expensive cotton crop he has no
time to-attend to these socalled mjnnr
crops and when the cotton is gathered
and sold ten chances to one he will have
no money to buy necessary food, much
less the articles of comfort, and even
luxury, which he oould have produced
on his farm at a scarcely appreciable
cost. Our past experience has made
these facts plain, but the certainty of a
cash market for cotton, and the uncer-
- .
tainty of beiug able to sell a surplus of
any other crop, has tempted the large
body of farmers to continue to plant big
crops of cotton, and to take the chances
< of selling them for enough to buy
needed supplies; implements, etc. The
cheapness at which we can produce all
food crops should forever set at rest
this question of home,supplies. Our
mistaken policy on this point and the
crowding of the cotton market has re
duced our income from that source mil
lions and millions of dollars, and when
to this is added short food supplies our
condition is deplorable indeed.
WORK FOR THE MONTH.
Bad weather has somewhat delayed
farm work', although in many sections
' farmers have taken advantage of the
bright days to push forward prepara
tions for another crop. February is the
best average month for sowing spring
oats. If the soil is thin make it rich by
manures or fertilizers. Oats will not
do well on poor land any more than
other crops, but, with the same care and
plant food that we give other crops, they
often make far better returns, and there
is no better stock food known to south
ern farmers. Whenever the ground is
dry enough the regular field plowing
should go on. Don’t plow when the
land is too wet. This is a mistake which
it often requires years to repair. Use a
■ubsoiler wherever possible, its good
effects will be noticeable when our
long summer drouth sets in. Clover
and grass may be sown. Both require
thorough preparation and high ma
nuring. In the southern nart of the
state all the earlier vegetables may be
planted, and it is in this month that the
general Irish potato crop is planted. For
various reasons the eastern ci;op was a
failure last year. Prices are rulinghigh
and, will no ;donbt continue fair. For
this reason a southern crop, which can
be forced on the market early, would
pay. It would be well, however, to
study the markets, and not wait until
the crop is ready before making any ar
rangements to dispose of -it. Complete
your arrangements before hand, don’t
leave anything to chance. Many of cur
farmers know how to raise potatoes suc
cessfully, but not all of these know how
to market them profitably. Jeff Wel
born says we can grow them much
cheaper here than they do at the north,
and if the seed used are from the fall
grown crop they wid come on much
earlier. He has raised eight crops, fall
and spring, in four years, on the same
land, without a change of seed, and
each year the potatoes have improved in
quality and quantity. After the spring
crop is taken off he sows the land in
early maturing peas. When these are
taken off, the laud is in fine condition
for the fall crop, and thus he gets three
crops off the same area. The land, after
the peas, is thoroughly prepared, and he
gets about 160 bushels of potatoes with
out any other fertilizer than the peas.
If the ground has been well broken and
the planting properly managed, a very
shallow cultivation is all that is neces
sary. In field crops, just as the plants
begin to break the ground, it is well to
rnn a harrow across the rows to break
the crust. Do not run a deep furrow
near the rows. Keep the patch free
from weeds. For the.northern markets
ship in 11-peck potato barrels instead of
sacks, they keep better and are more
attentive in appearance—both of which
add to the price.
R. T. Nesbitt, Oommissioner.
SOME COTTON STATISTICS.
Yield and Frlcas Darina the Past Few
Years—Figures For Farmers.
Question. —What were the total cot
ton crops for 1895-96 and 1896-97, and
their average price, and as far as known
what has been the crop and the ptoce
for 1897-98?
Answer.—The cotton crop for 1895-96,
official figures, was 7,157,346 bales, and
the average price was 8.09 cents per
pound. The crop of 1896-97 was 8,757,-
964 bales, and ihe average price was
7.42 cents per pound. Up to Jan. 1,
1898, 7,260,033 bales have been marketed,
and the average price was 6.05 cents per
pound. By comparing this with the re
ceipts un to Jan. 1, 1897, we find that
there was up to Jan. 1, 1898, marketed
861,841 bales more than to Jan. 1, 1897.
We also find that owing to the differ
ence in price, although there was such
. a large excess of bales, the farmers of
the south have lost $54,305,046—a strik
ing commentary on large crops and low
prices. It is almost beyond belief that
the cotton crop, which is virtually a
monopoly, and which should be a means
of independence, is surely becoming the
cause of general depression and poverty.
—State Agricultural Department.
Lice and Mites on Poultry.
Question.—l live in the southern part
of the state, and, owing to the climate,
I suppose our poultry is much troubled
with mites and lice. lam careful about
keeping the coops clean, but in spite of
this these vermin seem to multiply very
rapidly. How shall I destroy them ?
Answer.—The coops should be thor
oughly whitewashed inside and out
with a limewash in which has been
mixed crude carbolic acid. Every part
of the roosts should be brushed over
With kerosine, old nests removed and
all litter burned up. An experienced
poultry raiser says the easiest plan to
get rid of the pests on the fowls them
selves is the following: Fill a five gallon
oil can about two-thirds full of warm
water and add about 1 ounce of carbolic
acid. Select a clear, bright morning
and dip each fowl bodily into the bath,
covering every part. Hold it up to drip
a few seconds and then turn it loose.
In an hour they will be dry and free
from living lice.—State Agricultural
Department ,
The Sugar Beet Industry.
Question. —Please tell me something
about the cultivation of sugar beets, the
method, cost, preparation for market,
kind of soil suitable, etc. How are the
factories in this country succeeding ?
Is thq sugar of good quality and is the
crop one which can be cultivated as the
south ? How much do ‘ manufacturers
pay for them? '
Answer.—As yet the sugar beet in
dustry in this country is in its infancy,
andwebaveto depend on the experi
ence of others for enlightenment on the
pointe on which you reqtnet informa
tion. The following is fretn a man of
large experience both in thia country
and in Europe, and what, he says on
sugar beet culture is reliable and valu
able. He says the soil shculd be good.
The crop will not pay if planted on poor
’ ground, or on muck laud, or on land
which has not good drainage, or if the
eoil is not in a good state of cultivation.
Ihe cost of raising au acre of beets la
too high for them to be grown on poor
land. The success of this industry is in
the hands of the farmers and not in the
hands of the manufacturers. No matter
how perfect the machinery or how econ
omically a factory is managed, if the
beets are brought to the factory not iu
proper condition the expenses are
doubled and the farmer is docked, which
means loss of time, general disconrage
men t and want of success to both man
ufacturer and planter. The beets when
delivered at the factor/ should be cut
off flat at the root of the leaves, so that
none of the green top is left This is
absolutely necessary iu order to make a
good standard of sugar. Every beet of
which the green juice of the leaves is
mixed with the beet juice proper is au
obstacle to crystalizing the sugar, and
every drop of that green juice must be
eliminated before the white granulated
sugar can be manufactured. All the
fertilizing properties of the beets are
contained in the tops and the farmer
meets with a double loss if he carries
them to.the factory instead of cutting
them off and leaving them on his laud.
He is docked 8 or 10 per cent at the fac
tory, and wastes the valuable fertilizing
properties of the tops which are thrown
away.
METHOD OF CULTIVATING'SUGAR BEETS.
The rows should be 18 or 20 inches
apart, the plants thinned out to stand
sor 6 inches in the row. Do not wait
until the young beets are surrounded by
weeds, but cultivate with the hoe as
soon as the plants can be seen. The
thinning should be done as soon as the
plants have two to four leaves. After
this keep the weeds and grass down by
the hoi’se hoe, cultivating often, to
loosen the earth around the plants and
give air to the roots. As the cultivation
is very expensive no chance should be
neglected which will help to make as
large a crop as possible. If weeds and
grass are allowed to grow they will take
up the strength of the soil, which should
be used to make the beets. The rows
should not be further than 20 inches
apart. If wider than this the beets will
be larger but will not yield as much in
weight per acre, and besides, what the
sugar manufacturer wants is small
beets, from 1 to 2% pounds in weight.
These are more profitable to handle and
have also a higher percentage of sugar
and less water than the larger sizes.
COST OF CULTIVATING AN ACRE IN SUGAR
BEETS.
Preparation of land: plowing and •
harrowing $ 2 00
Extra harrowing before putting
in seed 50
Tilling and rolling 1 50
Cleaning between the rows with
hand hoe 3 00
Thinning out and resetting plants
to stand 5 or 6 inches, and clean-
ing between rows 6 00
Cleaning with horse hoe 75
Cleaning with horse hoc and
slightly hilling up 75
Taking out weeds near the beets,
which horse hoe has left ] 25
Pulling up, topping, putting tho
beets in small heaps and cover
ing with leaves G 00
Loading and hauling to market,
estimating 12 tons to the acre,
at 50 cents per ton, a distance of
6 miles 6 00
$27 00
The 12 tons at $4.00 per ton would
be S4B 00
Cost of cultivating as above 27 75
S2O 25
In this account labor is estimated at
$1.25 a day, and no allowance is made
for fertilizers or cost of seed. The
United States Department of Agricult
ure estimates the cost »er acre 4or the
first few years at fronF S4O to SSO per
acre, though in many'instances it will
fall below these figures. The cost varies
so, with varying conditions, that it is
impossible to give an estimate which
will suit every locality. The price paid
at the factory is from $4 to $5 per ton,
according to quality, and the yield is
from 10 to 20 tons per acre. The best
fertilization for beets is secured by a
heavy application of homemade manure
on a previous crop. The first run of
beet sugar in New Yoik state was
made the past month and the
product was smooth grained, white
and sweet. There are other factories
springing up over the country and there
af'e eight already in successful opera
tion. Professor Massey says: “I was
struck with the identity, so far as culti
vation is concerned, of the sugar beet
culture and that of cotton? I fully be
lieve that the negroes, who are accus
tomed to the cultivation and thinning
of cotton, would make the best of hands
in the beet field. I believe that we can
grow the beets as well as they can in
Nebraska and grow them more
cheaply. " He says also that our "cot
ton sweep" as a cultivator, beats all the
variety of tools that he saw used for
beet cultivation. LamPfor beets should
always be prepared very deeply. Sub
soiled, if possible.-r State
-- t-
ENGLISH LAWYERS.
Th* Small Fem That Ara Received by th*
London Barrister*.
A barrister's fees are small, and they
are always paid in advance, and the
sum is recorded under the title of the
brief. A friend who has a large practice
showed me his feebook yesterday. The
largest item was 88 guineas, which is
leas than S2OO. The average w A about
SSO. Fees are regulated by the benchers
of the inn according to the service per
formed, and no contingent fees are al
lowed. A barrister may accept a case
for nothing or return the fee in cases of
charity, but he cannot without violat
ing his oath, directly or indirectly, ac
cept any greater compensation for a
legal service than is allowed in the
regular schedule fixed by the benchers
of his inn. If he does so, he is debarred
from practice.
It is a common custom in America
for a lawyer to undertake a suit for the
recovery of damages or a claim of any
kind with a contract that he shall re
ceive a certain percentage of the amount
of money recovered. In England such
an act would be considered disreputa
ble, and any barrister Jfound guilty
would be expelled fromnis inn. The
fees are regulated by the amount of
time and labor required, and not by the
amount of money involved. A barrister
may receive a fee of $250 in a case in
volving only SSOO, and he may receive
a fee of $25 in a case involving $1,000,-
000.
All legal business originates with so
licitors. They bring to the barrister's
office a case all prepared after certain
forms and written in manuscript The
British courts do not permit typewrit
ing. The solicitor requests the barrister
to undertake the case, and the fee is
marked plainly upon the brief. If the
barrister-does not care to undertake the
labor for the amount of money allowed
or for any other reason, he advises the
solicitor to go elsewhere. If he accepts
the responsibility, the solicitor leaves
the amount of the fee in coin with the
brief, so that the barrister has his pay
in advance. This is the almost invaria
ble custom. The only exceptions are in
cases of close friendship between the
solicitors and barristers and where there
is a large amount of litigation in
which both are involved. Then it is
customary for the barrister to make up
his bill at the end of the month or the
end of the quarter, but the fee in each
case must nevertheless be written upon
the brief and recorded in the books of
the court.
It is customary, also, for the solicitor
to leave a fee for the barrister’s clerk
at the same time, which must be a cer
tain percentage of that paid to the bar
rister. When you dino at a hotel or a
restaurant in England, it is customary
to tip the waiter an amount equal to 5
per cent of your bill for the same rea
son. The waiter receives no compensa
tion from his employer, nor does the
barrister’s clerk. His pay comes entire
ly from the client?, and if his princi
pal has no clients he gets no pay. On
the other hand, if his principal has a
very large and profitable practice his
fees are enormous. They say that the
clerk of Six Charles Russell lives in a
handsome villa down in the suburbs, is
driven to and from his office in a brough
am and hires a box at the opera for the
season.—Chicago Record.
No More of It For Him.
He entered the shop of a fashionable
bootmaker, a look of determination on
his face. It was such a look as one 1 sees
on the face of a man who is firmly re
solved to carry out, at all hazards, a de
cision which will change the whole
course of his life.
“H’m!” he began as the assistant
stepped forward and politely questioned
him as to his requirements in feet
beautifiers. “I want a pair of shoes for
my wife, Mrs. Brown. ” —»
"Yes, sir, certainly,” said the young
man briskly. “Same style and size as
last week?"
“Same style. Size, fives—wide fives, ”
replied Brown decidedly.
“But—er—excuse me. Mrs. Brown
only takes—that is, she usually has
BX," exclaimed the assistant, who
knew the lady well.
“Are you married, young man?”
queried Brown sternly, the look of de
termination deepening on bis careworn
features.
“Er—not yet, sir," answered the
shopman, blushing.
“I thought not,” returned Brown.
“I am! I am not going to suffer half
an hour’s purgatory every morning,
watching a woman trying to squeeze a
bushel of feet into a peck of boots. I’ve
stood it long enough, and I’m going to
take her a pair that will fit ”—Pear
son’s Weekly.
Making Things Clear.
An old Peebles worthy and an Eng
lish lady were one day recently occu
pants of a railway carriage in an Edin
burgh bound train. The train had been
waiting long at a certain station, and
there was no appearance of its starting,
when the worthy remarked, “They’re a
gey taiglesome lot here. ”
“I beg your pardon,” said the lady.
“I’m sayin they’re an awfu’ daidlin
squad berg,’ ’ said the old fellow.
“I really beg your pardon, sir," she
rejoined.
“I’m remarkin they’re a vera dreich
lot here the nicht,” the old gentleman
further ventured.
“Really, I must, again beg your par
don, ” said the lady, with marked em
barrassment, “but I do not comprehend
you.”
“I was just trying to say the train
was late,*’ he finally blurted.
“Indeed, sir, it is very late," agreed
the lady.
And the conversation collapsed.—
Dundee News.
Good Look* Go a Great Way.
“Mias Higbsee is a beautiful singer,
isn’t she?"
“Very. That was what made her
singing so, endurabPe. "—Washington
Times.
you. ”
.-ttT . CEp
Maernra.i l THAT THE
111BQ IM
1 ||FAC-SIMILE
AtatabtePftpara&mforAs- SIGNATURE
slmilating tteYoodandßeti ufc-
Promote sT>i<estion.Cheerful-
ness and Bfest.Contains neither
Opnim,Morphine nor Mineral. ■ jg TpTT <;
Not Narcotic.
I WRAPPER
I OF EVEBY
j I bottle OF
Aperfect Remedy for Cons lipa- figfe M SKi S 8L
lion. Sour Stomach,Diarrhoea,
Worms .Convulsions .Feverish- 1] a® Wigs g fefej
ness and Loss of Sleep. gljMaJ |
Facsimile of I VIIV ■ V U
zy/✓zjrrz?! - M
NEW ~YOHK. K Oastcris h pct op in we-dw bottles only, Il
■** Dot ln Doa 1 to r.?
is “just as good" and "will nns ver every pnr
»i pose." Si- 8,, that you gat C-A-S-T O-S-I-A.
*• M ****
EXACT COPY OF WRAPFEH. ■ „
—GET YOUR —
JOB PRINTING
DONE AJT
The Morning Call Office.
' ■
We have Just supplied our Job Office with a complete line 01 (Stationer*
kinds and can get up, on short notice, anything wanted in the way or
LETTER HEADS, BILL HEADS.
STATEMENTS, IRCULARB,
ENVELOPES, NOTES,
MORTGAGES,• PROGRAMS,
CARDS, . POSTERS
DODGERS, ETC., ifllS
We c'-rry U/e xst inc of F.NVEIXVEH 7n ifittC : thistradx.
An a.lrac.ivc POSTER ci a£y size can be issued on short notice—
—■ oiMwgMM
Our prices for work of all kinds will compare favorably with those obtained *ou
any office in the state. When you want job printing of*any d«f*rijti<n live t<
call Satisfaction guaranteed.
* .*■ ' ' • ■■
ALL WOBK DONE J
With Neatness and Dispatch.
Out of town orders will receive
prompt attention. j
J. P. & S B. Saxtell.
“ ml oFltoSlSfi"
<i» «s<• <> ■<s* <»
Schedule in Effect Jan. 9, 1898.
T<o4 No.U No/J _ J nJ.’! 1 1 £s■,*
Daily. Dally. Dally. btatioct- Z_L. j- '
TislSS ISgISSS «gS 3
S«£ J® "
H4O pm tianspm Ar Thomaston. H? *2 2J2 SIT am
lOlspm 631 pm 1015 am Ar Forsyth Lt 6Wa»j »««“
1110 pm TSO pm 1110 am Ar • ••••• .Mftcon ••••••• ••••■• •• • Lv| 415 pw 809 aid
1119 am 810 pm 12 08pm Ar Oordon.,. Lt 1W pmj 7 W afc »" M?
t 8 50 pm tl 15 pm Ar Milledgeville Lv *fW ■ «sl .
130 am 117 pm Ar L !i!£‘£S 2Al«pm
815 am 3S 5 pm Ar Ifntaß.. A H MamF
600 am 600 pm Ar aavanaah Lt 84&an» , ,
■■ ... * 1 ■
•Daily, texcept Sunday. « • , . ■ ■ W/
Train for Newnan and Carrollton leavesOriflln at Oss •■’«**“ 1 3*
Sunday. Returning, arrives in Griffin 520 p m and 114$ pm dally except SMpflay. J
further information apply to
C. A WHITB, Ticket AgenVertßn. Oa. 3
CH KO. D. KLINE. Gen'l BupU, aavamah. flay
J. O. HAILB. Pen. Paear iww 6aagt. aavsmnaKO*a
E. H. HINTON. Traffic Manager, Savannah. Ga.
sat pm
815 pm
9«pn>
Mis pm
1110 pm
UlSam
190 am
• IS am
• 95 am
• 00 am