Newspaper Page Text
Agricultural Department
We !iro happy to Hay that we in
the South know nothing of the
presence of plcnro-pneuinonia.
Southdow.is and Shropshire-s are
the oonipi ting kinds of sheep in
tiie northern districts of France.
I log and chicken cholera are apt
to prevail at the same time in tlio
same neighborhood. It is belicv
eil by many that one produces the
other.
The 25,000 persons now engages!
in carp culture in this country will
noon work an important change in
the piscatorial portion of our Nat
ional food supply.
It is estimated that each of the
fifty millions of persons in the Uni
ted states consume three and three
quarters bushels of wheat for bread
on n average.
■ '
Times with farmers in Nebraska
are very hard; not because of a
failure to raise a crop, but on ac
count of low prices for all farm
products. Wheat was very good;
yielding from 15 to 22 bushels per
acre of good quality —worth 48 to
50c.
Of the 185.000 tons of cotton seed
annually produced in the Mississ
ippi Valley one-fourth is marketed
in Memphis. Much of it is thence
shipped to Italy in a crude state,
and there it is manipulated and re
turned to the United States as pure
olive oil.
The low price of sugar seems to
have put a paralysis on the efforts
to crystallize sorghum. Prof. Seo
vill of .Sterling, Kansas, realized 7,-
000 tons of cane from 1,200 acres in
cultivation this year, and made
some 200,(XX) pounds of sugar and
1,000 gallons of syrup, for both of
which they have a ready market,
but at prices they cannot afford to
sell for.
A rose farm i anew Georgia in
dustry. Two gardeners in the vicin
ity of Savannah, planted three
acres in rose trees. Last year they
sold twenty-two thousand trees to
parties in the North, and had or
ders for fifty thousand which they
could not fill. The trees meet with a
ready sale at from ten to twenty dol
lars per hundred. Over half a mil
lion trees are annually imported in
to America from France, England
and Holland and it has been dem
onstrated that, Georgia has a better
climate for the cultivation of rose
trees than that of the south of
France.
It is stated that there are twenty
millions of horses in that part of
the Russian Dominions which lies
within the lines of Europe alone
and there are probably more in the
Czars Asiatic provinces. So many,
horses have recently been exported
from European Russia that the gov
eminent proposes to levy a heavy
export on every horse valued at less
than three thousand roubles. From
tilin' immemorial the horses of the
Don Cossacks have been noted for
their fleetness and endurance, hut
Russia being a war-like Empire,
the arbitrary Government is oppos
ed to breeding horses for exporta
tion.
The farmers of California are re
ceiving the lowest priee for their
wheat they ever accepted, but they
say they are not discouraged —nor
will fifty cents a bushel, which is
perhaps a fair average there this
season —result in reducing the area
of wheat the coming year. Indeed,
they assert that no better pork is
made than that which results from
turning swine into wheat and bar
ley fields. Wheat also they find
makes good beef, as the farm mill
can convert it into the best kind of
food for cattle, so that the farmers
of the state are not shut up to the
necessity of growing wheat for |
shipment. They take a most hope
ful view of the outlook, notwith
standing the great surplus of wheat
in sight and the low prices reigning
in consequence.
The Presidential election being
over for four years, wo hope our in
teliigent readers among the far
mers will turn some of their extra
■energy into the channel of writing
for the Seventh Page. Probably
there is not unexperienced man am
ong them all who could not if ’ho
would impart his ideas and opinions
upon someone branch or subject of
! hisprofe-ision, so as to benefit his
| brethren and'producecomment and
’ replication which would benefit him I
1 self. Homo of our country readers
are by the way, good writers, who
can plainly and forcibly present j
their views, and those who withhold |
their theories because they are I
■‘suspicious of their English” may
■ rely upon it that wo will dress up
| (heir lucubrations with the best
drapery within our possession.
Horse-eating, or “Hippoplmgy,”
i- on the iicrease in Paris. When
! that city was besieged by the Ger- j
mans in 1871, using horse-flesh as!
edible meat commenced there as a
necessity. In 187-1 4,082 horses were
killed for human food, in Paris; in
1888, the people of la belle Paree
ate 9,485 horses, .‘lO7 asses and 40
mules —nearly 5,(XX),000 pounds of
meat of the genus hippo. A horse
steak costs but 12 cent per pound,
but a cut of beef or mutton three
times as much. We see it stated
that the donkey and his hybrid
descendant, the stout kicker, when
served up at the “steak,” arc
deemed delicacies esteemed twenty
per cent above the common horse!
Think of cutlets from the well
turned quarters of Maud S.! Who
would not prefer to turn vegetarian?
.May our well-fed and full country
men never see the necessity.
. +.+
The following excellent sugges
tions for applying manure, are
made by a correspondent of the
New York Tribune:
“I have adopted the rule of us
ing most of my manure at the sur
face. The only exception to this
rule which I make is when I wish
to manure very heavily to perman
ently enrich a garden plot,and then
1 plow under a liberal coul of man
ure and top-dress in addition.
When manure is to be used for
wheat, so convinced am I of the
superiority of top-dressing that I
would not allow a man to draw
out the manure before plowing the
land if he would do it for nothing.
We want the manure applied to the
wheat crop so as to act as quickly
as possible, for the wheat has a
short time to grow in the fall, and
it is important that it get well root
ed and make growth enough to
protect the roots before the winter
sets in and the finer the manure is
and the nearer the surface, the
quicker its effect will be on the
young crop. I am satisfied that by
lining our manure and using it
at the surface we can double its
value for the wheat crop. Another
and still more important reason
for using manure as a top-dressing
is that with the manure so applied
we have a rich seed-bed of clover,
which makes a stand and vigorous
growth much more certain than if
the manure was plowed under. 1 be
lieve clover to be the cheapest and
best fertilizer within the reach of
the farmer, and that the clover
will furnish a better condition of
soil for a. succeeding crop of corn
or wheat than the manure does.”
Sheep on Grain Farms.
The advantages arising
fn; mkeeping sheep on
wheat growing farms are thus
summed up by Mr. Buell, in an
address delivered before the sheep
breeders of Michigan :
They arc less subject to contag
ious diseases, for the reason that
the flock can more easily be kept
isolated.
When individual losses do occur
they are less in value than in case
of the loss of a horse or cow.
They grow quickly and mature
early, and with their fleece pay di
vidons oftener than any other live
stock.
When summer fallowing is
practiced, they act as gleaners in
clearing fence corners of briers
and weeds, and in keeping down
annual grasses that spring up on
plowed lands.
During winter they are still do
ing their work of converting the
surplus straw into fertilizers.
It is not clear that the profits
from sheep raising on farms where
other crops are grown, instead of
wheat, would be less than on wheat
farms. Sheep make good use of
corn-stalks, prairie hay oat straw
and almost any kind of fodder or
feed grown.
Go to J. L. Kennedv’s and get
your seed oats while the season is
in the ground.
Progress In Far ming.
What the Southern farmers need
! more than anything else is study.
I He needs to think as the merchant
or the lawyer, and as the Northern i
farmer thinks. We thought be-j
fore the war that cotton could not
j be successfully raised above Atlan
ta. Now we see Tennessee and
Kentucky producing it very suc- !
c essfully and profitably.
There is no line of cropping that;
shows the importance of thinking,
and of enterprise more than tobae
ico raising. Necessity has fallen oh
j the Northern farmer. lie has seen
that he cannot compete with the
Western farmer in raising wheat;
and he has put his wits to work oh I
Tobacco and the result is surpris-;
ing. Pennsylvania farmers have
forced the growth of tobacco until !
the northern tobacco brings higher
prices for cigars than Southern ot
bacco. Now the world draws its'
supplies as much from Pennsylva
nia,Connecticut. and* Wisconsin.
We say the world draws its tobac- j
co from these states, because tobac-j
co has overspread the whole world
though it plays its part against]
health.
The cultivation of tobacco in the
Northern States is carried on arti
ficially by stimulants of the fields
and by the use of drying houses. ■
The thriftiest farmers on the globe
are thus substituting tobacco for
grain, seeing the difficulty of com
peting with the great Western grain
fields. It is one of the pleasures of
civilization that men’s wants in
crease and vary, and labor is called
to supply them and thus some old
region rises into anew activity and
the monotony and competition of
one or two crops ceases.
While no tobacco for cigars has ]
ever been found to surpass that of
Cuba, our United States production |
is next to the Cuban. Asa result;
of the thinking and enterprise of;
the Pennsylvania tobacco raisers j
little factories for the manufactory
of cigars arc springing up all
through Pennsylvania and Mary
land. The cigars are made by boys
and girls principally, and change is
kept afloat the year round.
In France the Government makes
all the cigars. In Spain the Gov
ernment even makes the eigarrettes
They raise the revenue directly
through tobacco, and the tobacco
tax of Great Britain is something
tremendous. The excise duty of
Great Britain was in that year $l4O
000,i>00, and was made up wholly of
spirits and tobacco.
How French Farmers Live.
As we are no crowded this
week with contributions to this de
partment we deem the following ar
ticle from the S'ew York Sun,
which shows how farming is done
in France and how the people live
who doit. It will pay every read
er of the Gazette to peruse it care
fully. The letter says:
lu going from Paris to Geneva,
via Dijon, wo pass through the best
portion of France. For hundreds
of miles every inch of land is culti
vated, The abrupt side bills are
in grape vines and the flat land in
grain. Here we see the phenome
non of double crops —a- crop of
grain and vegetables growing un
der a crop oftrees. The Lombardy
poplar trees are from an inch to
three foot in diameter. They are
planted thickly, but give no shade.
They are trimmed within six feet
of the top. The boughs, which are
cut off every year, make faggots
enough to warm France. We of
ten see men and women cradling
wheat or hoeing beets in the midst
of a wood giving no shade. When
you lok across the country the tall,
boughless trunks look like black j
streaks painted against the sky.;
They make the view very pictures
que. Our farmers on the prairies
could plant black walnut trees
where they want fences, trim them
to the tops, preventing shade, and
then string barbed wires on the
trunks for fences. At the end of
fifty years the black walnut trees on
a man’s farm would be worth more
than his farm. Wood in France is j
sold for a third of a cent a pound.
It is worth as much as corn in Kan
sas by the pound. So when the
Kansas man burns corn, he is no
more profligate than the French
man who burns faggots. The
French farmer would never think
of burning wood to heat his house. ]
He sits in the cold all the winter
long, using only, wood to cook
with. The average farmer does not
know enough to buy coal or kero- ]
sene yet, He does not live as well
as the poorest negro in the south.
He has no home comforts; poverty
and ignorance are his are compan
ions.
France is literally one large gar
den. Every inch of soil is cultiva
ted. In riding from Paris to Dijon
one hundred and fifty miles, we
counted only thirty cattle. We saw
no sheep or hogs. The farms have
j usually from one to ten acres. They
1 are usually from thirty to three
j hundred feet wide and from fifteen
! hundred hundred to two thousand
] feet long. There are no fences be
i tween them.
When I asked a French farmer
- how Ills farm happened, like all the
| rest to be divided up so long and
■ narrow, he said :
It has been divided up so often,
i When a French father dies be di
] vides his farm, and each one of his
i children have an equal share. He al
; ways divides it lengthwise, so as to
"ive each one a long strip. The
long strips are easily cultivated, be
i cause we plow lengthwise. These
{ strips always run north and south,
! so that the sun can shine into the
! rows. My fathers farm was BCO
j feet wide and 2,0 X) feet Imig. When
he died my brother had half. Now
|my farm is 150 feet wide and 2.-
(XX) feet long. It is quite a large
| farm. There arc many farms much
] smaller than mine.
“What do you plant in it? I ask
! ed.
Hoe over there, he said, pointing
ito what seemed to he a gigantic
j piece of stripped carpet, “ is a strip
]of wheat sixty feet wide. Then
comes a strip of potatoes twenty
i five feet wide. Then conies forty
; feet of oats, then ten feet of carrots
| twenty feet of alfalfa (lucerne,) ten
feet of mangel wursels, five feet of
onions, five feet of onions, five feet
I of cabbages, and the rest is in flow
ers, peas, currants gooseberries and
little vegetables.”
Docs your wife always work in
the field?
Yes. My wife, ho continued,
pointing to a hare-footed and bare
headed women at least six feet
around the waist, “she can do more
work than 1 can. She pitches the
hay to me on the stack. All French
women work in the field. Why
not?Theyhave nothing to do at
home.”
This is true. The wife of a French
] English,lrish or to German farmer
j has nothing to do at home. They do
] not “keep house” like the wives of
i American farmers. They have no
houses to keen. The huts they live
] in are like stables. They live in the
same building with their horses,
hens and pigs. They never wash
a floor. Thereis never a table-cloth
They live like brutes. The hand
some farm-house off by itself, sur
rounded by trees and gardens,
does not exist in France. They live
no better and are really no better
off than were the slaves of the South
before the war. French farmers al
wavs congregate in little tumble
down villages situated about two
miles apart, These villages may
have been built three hundred
years ago. The roofs are moss-cov
ered, the houses are dirty, and re
mind one of a country poor-house
in New England.
There are millions of farms in
Franco containing from ajquarter o
an aero to four acres.
I find that an acre and a half is
about all the most ambitious man
wants. The rent for land is always
one-half the crop. The land is worth
about SSOO an acre ; or, if in grape
vines.,s6oo.
This is why Franco is like a gar
den. in England there are 227,000
landowners, in France there are
7.000,(XX) landowners. The French
man on Iris two acres, with his
barefooted wife cutting grain with
a sickle by his side, is happy and
contented, because he knows no
better. Such a degrading life would
drive an American mad. The
Frenchman thrives because he
spends nothing. He has no wants
beyond the coarsest food and the
washings of the grape skins after
the wine is made. \ es he is thrifty.
He saves money, too. The aggregat
ed wealth of thirty million poor,
degraded, barefooted peasants
makes France rich. The ignorance
of the French farmer is appalling.
1 never saw a newspaper in a French
farm village. Their wants are no
more than the wants of a horse.
The French peasant eats the coars
est food; about the same as he
feeds his horse. He will eat coarse
bread and milk for supper ; he does
not know what coffee or tea is. The
negroes of the South live like kings
compared to a French farmer. Still j
the Frenchman is satisfied because
he knows no better.
The French farmer loves the re
public. hut the people of Paris hate
it. The empire made Paris Without,
the empire trade is bad in Parisj
so Paris.sighs for some Louis Xl\ :
or Napoleon 111. to come and estab
lish an expensive court again.
Politics.
In speaking of politics it is not the
intention to speak of the party or- j
ganizations and political intrigues j
andveontests for power, although j
that might form a fruitful field for
comment. The object will be rath
er to take a view of our political
standing or attitude as a people —
as a nation. It might he interest
ing. and. instructing, too, to en
quire wheth ;r we he the great
liberty-loving, free, intelligent and
' enlightened people we go frequent
ly boast of being. But the main
| object will he to look into our pres
' ont position and standing as a Na
tion; to see, by comparison with
! other Nations and with history,
■ how fur we have progressed and
how and where we stand in our po
■ litieal existence, and, what may be
our prospects in the future.
All things have a beginning and
an end. Every thing comes into
existence, lives, grows, flourishes,
matures, hears fruit, declines, de
. cays and dies. ,Some things have
a longer, some a shorter period, in
which to pass through these trans
formation.-. The annuals in vege
tables spring up, mature and die
in the short period of a single sum-
I mer; others live two years, others
three or more, and some forest
trees require centuries to undergo
these changes.
And then whole species of plants
and even forests have their periods
of rise, flourish and fail. Even
whole species or classes come into
existence, flourish, and become ex
tinct. Man is no exception to the
law.
He conies into existence a help
less tender infant, develops into a
! strong, vigorous man—powerful in
j both body and mind —flourishes
awhile, then decays and dies. As
! with the individual, so with com
] munities. The little nucleus is
] formed, it gathers strength, cx
| pands into a State or kingdom, de
velops into a powerful empire.flour
ishes, and in its enormous power
seems immortal. But decline sets
in, decay follows, and the mighty
empire is swept from the earth. The
earth is now covered all over with
the ruins of these once vast and
powerful nations or peoples. This
being so, it is our lesson to inquire
how those nations rose, flourished
and declined.
In looking at this matter, there is
one prominent feature that, in per
haps every instance, stands out in
hold relief, and should he looked to
as the great beacon light to direct
us, if possible, to avoid their fate.
They were all founded in virtue, on
the eternal principles of right, they
grew and flourished, and were
great and powerful. But wealth
and luxury came, the pride of pow
er grow up ; they relaxed their hold
on virtue, they ceased to practice
justic, they lost sight of the eternal
right; their morals relaxed, policy
was substituted for principle, expe
diency for right, and corruption
crept in and self aggrandizement
took the place of a desire for the
public weal.
A general loss<of confidence, fol
lowed by a shameful scramble for
power and place marked the period
of decline. This state of things,
followed by civil strife and foreign
broils, ushered in the period of de
cay, and dissolution speedily follow
ed.
This is a dark picture, but surely
it is a true one. The loss of virtue
and eternal right has wrought the
downfall ofthe most powerful gov
ernments the world ever beheld,and
there is no instance at this time of
an old power now standing that has
abandoned those principles and be
came corrupt.
The loss of virtue and the eter
nal principles of right, followed by
a wide spread reign, will sink the
best government and the strongest
people which ever had or ever will
have an existence. It only now re
mains to inquire what position we,
as a Nation and as a people, occupy
in this scale of the rise, progress
and downfall of nations, to aseer
t in our security from their fate,and
to prescribe for us a remedy.
This j will leave for the reader to
do, as the performance of the task
may not be as flattering to our van
ity as we all might wtsh.
B. C. B.
A CARD,
To my friends icho heme, to kindly fa
vored me with their patronage:
Being constantly engaged with
professional duties I have placed
my books in the hands of Mr. Geo.
E. Huguley, who will act for me in
the matter of collections. Hope all
indebted to me will come forward
nnd settle. Respectfully,
novl3-4t S. H. GRAY.
ITCHING piIes—SYMPTOMS ANI) CURE
The symptoms are moisture, lik- perspira
tion, intense itching* increased by serntenings
very distressing, particularly at night: seems
as if pin-worms were crawling in and about,
the rectum; the private parts are sometimes ;
affected. If allowed to continue very serious j
results in ay follow. “Swayne’s Ointment” is a
pleasant, sure cure. Also, for Tetter. Itch,Salt-
Head, Erysipelas. Barbers’ It h, Blotches, all
scaly, crustv Skin Diseases. Box, by mail, ->o
Cts.; 8 for $i.25. Address, Dr. Sway lie Son,
Phila., Pa. Sold by Druggists.
H. 1. KIMBALL, L. B. WHEELER & CO.,
ARCHITECTS
—AND—
ENGINEERS,
91-2 Peachtree Street, ATLANTA, OA.
■A . V '*■ ■■ J f
3 . is
Medical and Surgical Dispensary,
j 33.. \YH rr KHALI, STREET. AT LA NTA.O A
w. H. Betts, M, D., the consulting physician
is the oldest, most successful, best known
! specialist in the world. A graduate from fou f
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NT anum i c Debility, Spermatorrhoea,
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Blood &Ski
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Our practice is founded on the principles of
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Our system of treatment, is entirely our own
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research nnu rears of experience.
PATIENTS ARE TREATED
In all parts of the world. m
Medicine wrapped in plain paper, and secum
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the country.
for Id-page phamphlet and list of
Ouestons, and Guide to Health Enclose stamp
Address. W. H. BETTS. M. D.,
W j Whitehall St., Atlanta,Ga.
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oer Club List. Address
THE INDEPENDENT,
P.-O Box 2787, New' York.
GEORGIA— Pike County—To ail whom It
may concern: E. W. Rose, administrator of
the estaieof Martha A. Rose, applies to me
for an order to sell house and lot in the town
of Barnesvilie, on Zebulon street, bounded
south by .J. C. Porch and T. I). Dewberry, and
west by T. D. Dewberry and John K. Shock
ley, containing one and one-half acres, more
or less, for purpose of paying debts of estate,
and I will pass on his application on the first
Monday In December, 1884.
HARRY WELLS, Ordinary.
GEORGIA—Pike County.—To all whom !
it may concern: S. J. Hale, administrator of \
E. H. English, deceased, applies to me for an
order to sell the house and lot in the tow Adf
Milner, in which said deceased resided atWhe ,
time of his lot containing one and one- £
half acres, and 1 will pass on his application j
on the first Monday in December, 1884. i
HARRY WELLS, Ordinary. M
GEORGIA—Pike County.—To all whom®
it may concern: S. J. Hale, administrator of®
the estate of Mrs. E.’J. Fields, deceased ap-®
j plies to me for letter of dismission from said®
1 estate, and youar? hereby notified that action®
! will bo taken on iiis application on the
i Monday in February 18S5. fjm
HARRY WELLS, Ordinary. ®