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Uiti.? ijy>&e96tualive.3', s’ ‘ ‘d boperiocUy fiuud-j •
iar mil tto financial '. n “ion and recources| t
of the Mate. No bra.i oi political economy
requites greater skill, wisdom and prudent i
forecast, in a government like our’s, then that
of devising the ways and means to meet the I
. xponditures, which popular opinion seems to
demand. At this time, the general voice of s
i very political community, is raised in favour t
of £tntt'til education, as well as a liberal cithi— ;
Nation of the arts and sciences. Nor is die j
demand less urgent for the most splendid works .
lbr internal improvement. —All this, l deem t-j
bo proper enough —no one desires the adrn'jce
iiieut us the country in these important objects,
more than l do—but tiue dignity consists in
living within our circumstance-'.., and let us
therefore scrutinize our nice us. The people
of Georgia have long eti’ oye the overflowing
bounties of their rich and extensive territorial
inheritance, but Pjese advantages, as a source
oi public revenue, no longer exist. The pres
ent financial resources f the State, consist of’
1} capital of about two and a half millions ot j
dollars—upwards ot one million of which, is 1
composed ot the stock owned by the State, in
four of our incorporated banks; about one mil
lion of the notes of citizens discounted by the
Central Bank, and the balance of various items,
including specie, bouds notes canal stock and
ether evidences ot debts due the State. In ad
dition to the foiegoing, the State still has a
scattered remnant of fractional lands, which, by
prompt and appropriate legislation, might be
made available for public purposes. The ag
gregate annual profits accruing to the State at
this time, upon her various investments,amount
to the sum of about one hundred and twenty
thousand dollars. —This brief view of the pres
ent condition of the resources of the State will
at one glance, urge upon the consi leration of
the Legislature the necessity of adopting
such systematic, financial opp-. rations, as will
direct the present course, and must determine
the future prospects of the States.
After much reflection, I would respectfully
recommend to the General Assembly such
leg; \itiou as may tend finally, to bring all the
jm jo assets of the State under the immediate
contr and and management of its own agent, the
Central Bank; and further to invest that insti
tution with the necessary powers to enable it to
act erti-iently in the collection of the debts due
th- St .t -. The present vested capital of the
St t • should be considered a permanent found;
th annual profits of which should be scrup r
loa.-'v upolied to great public objects of ac
kr.o * lodged utility—and, while the whole peo
ple .ire enjoying the benefits, which art con
stantly flowing from this, their permanently
vested capital, I would recommend that no
more taxes be exa> ted of them, than what may
b e sufficient to defray the ordinary expenses
of an economical civil government; which will
scarcely be felt by the people, and, at the same
tim°. serve to remind each individual, annually,
that fin is i citizen and component part of the
gove omenbi
Uod- -ovisions of the act of the Legis
latere pass on the 24th day ot December
las’, a Receiver ot'the assets of the Bank of
Macon tvaff appointed by the Executive, but the j
repo t if that \gent will show that he has been
Nvhnll - unable to effect the objects contempla
ted by the Legisleture. The Report, tog-ther
with copies of the correspondence on the sub
ject, is herewith submit! ‘d, and may aid the
Gen“ral Assembly in determining upon the
cxpcdienc of further legislation on this subject
at least it will become necessary to provide
for the paym mt for services already ren ■ red
under the direction of the State, with a view to
effor t a fair nnd lrgal settlement of the affairs
of said Bank.,
The dishonest and fraudulent management
of Banks, so frequently devoloped, admone-hes
the Legislature, most urgently, to interpose its
entire constitutional authority to shield the
neople from the desolating rfleets of legalized
swindling.—During tne last year, tne public
confidence was greatly shaken in the sound
ness of the paper currency of our State, by the
failure of tho Bank of Macon; and before the
people had recovered from the shock and thn
losses suffered by it, their fears and forebod
ings were grea'ly increased and confirmed, by
the failure ofthe Merchant’s and Planter’s B ulk
of Augusta. —The deveiopernents already made,
in regard to the Bank of Macon, cvmce the
important fact that, if Banks are not managed
with fidelity and skill, the ruinous effects, which
mast ensue, will fall, chiefly upon the honest
and unsuspecting, labouring class of society
v-ho are unable to contend against a combina
tion of legal subtilties, which will always be
M it ■<! to divide the spoils of a disasterous Bank
coiioonrtioti. Corruption,on the part of a Bank offi
cor should be deemed a highly penal crime, and
punished actordmgly.
My genttrsl views iu relation t > these insti
tutions, and their connection with the putdi
interest, remain unchanged ; and having j ■ u
Ireely communicated to the lo t Genera! As
semble, I deem it unnecessary to roiforrte t ie
sentiment-i therein contained. Copies of all
the Bank reports made during the pr sent year,
under the provisions of our existing laws, are
herewith submitted to the Legislature, which
v, ill enable the {<rpres"ntatives ofthe people to
judge of the present-state and condition of
those institutions, and will show to what extent
they (have complied with the requirement of
•the law.
Xiie history of our own times, urge s upon
-ton,consideration of every inform i m i rcfloct
t ig-eitizer, the indispensable necessity of in-
lo 6wUCtit><(be rising goncici
eon. Wo ms dSo ne system, which will pro
doce a general c3o<-.1. and •perate bem-ficiaily
upon the whole community. nr republican
institutions c-ui never be cons'i red tfe and
stable, wbd a small num” < r of mb vidua's,
however t.ildiie 1, can lead and msguide whole
eormwmties.t; t-.e very bn,dr of ruin!!
,Vh the number bf educated men in a pobti
’ i community,-** fi;w - as to bc cllil - n . v ccn ~
1 to one o- t vo professions— who in y
therefore the mors'.readily unite their efforts to
-ejojl and diraft#*uty, -with a view to their
own selfish aggrundixeinont—the liberties ot ■
the people must lie endangered. The conser
vative influence of education is greatly needed
in our State. Th u general system, which may
best calculated to import to our whole peop
le, the blessings of a competent, business odu
ation, cannot fib’ to promote individual happi
ness, as well us greatly to strengthen the bonds
of our republican institutions. It is not neces
sary that our soys should all bes ollegebred
gentlemen—l care not for names- -if our chil
dren can receive adequate instruction in the
solid and useful branches of science, it is imma
terial with me, whether they acquire it in Uni
versifies, Colleges, Academies, Lyceums,
Work Shop, or Manual La her Schools of any
dasenption whatever. The great object to be
effected is, to give the plain woiking man an
education, which shall make him intelligent, j
virtuous and useful —and which shall place him
upon the ground of hopeful competition, with
the professional classes, who are assuming the
I lead in entile government of the country.
1 rejoice at the gradual growth and increasing
| prosperity of Franklin College. This State
! institution merits the continued patronage of our
whole people—at this time, I consider it enti
tled to the confidence of the people, and that it
S should receive the liberal support of their
j Representatives. The literary and moral
worth of the President and Faculty, together
with the increased .facilities of boobs and appav
atus, affords th ■ most flattering assurances of
its future and permanent usefulness ; and I trust
that our State may yet be remunerated ‘or I
she has expended, or may expend, in supp it
that institution. But in relation to our ot
expenditures, for purposes of public cdu :nt ,
1 do not feel authorised to speak thus flatterio -
ly ; for, the annual expenditure of upwards
forty thousa and dollars for the support • T Aca
demies and Poor Schools, though well-intended,
is, in reality, effecting but little good. It is
obvious to me, that we have experimented long
enough upon our present system of Academic
and Poor School education ; and that we should
no longer be content with acknowledging exis
ting i hut that should, at once at
tempt an entire renovation of the system. In
m iking this change, this important fact should
be constantly kept in view—that to make edu
cation truly valuable, while the mind is culti
vated and disciplined, the pupil should be care
fully trained to habits ofindustry and morality.
To make the rising generation better, wiser
and happier—and at the same time, eradicate
or diminish poverty, oppression and crime—
should be the leading objects ill “stahlishimr a
general and well ba-ed system of pu di educa
tion. —With a view iu promotetli'-sc great ob
jects, I respectfully submit to tjie Legislature,
my deliberately formed opinion, that, in order to
ensure success, it is indispensably necessary to
connect with the education of our children,
regular and systematic manual labour. I be
lieve that children in a well regulated institution,
designed for usual education, should be taught
various arts of lucrative labour ; so that in due
time they may be able to earn a comfortable
living by the labour of their own hands. From
1 in,’ own observation on the subject ofeifucalion,
and from all the information I have been able to
procu e from others, I considei that system of
education best, which keeps youth most
constantly employed; and which exercis
es the most unceasing vigilance and controul,
day and night—which excludes all vitiating
associations and practices, and which superin
-1 nds even, the amusements and social inter
ourse of the pupil. Another idea, not less
important, urges upon our consideration the
expediency of connecting manual labour with a
system of public education. The most vigor- >u>
constitution, without exercise, is soon wasted
by disease and decay ; and a full developement
ofthe powers ot the mind, in such cases, is
rarely attained by the most diligt nt application.
It “ ‘OrJily exercise” be thus profitable in the
developement of th physical and mental pow
ers of youth, I considei” employment in the
mechanical arts, and especially agriculture, as
being far pteft-rable to those plays and pastimes,
which, at present, occupy so much of their time,
and in which they engage without any sensible
or rational object of utility whatever. A self
supporting system of education is also tire more
desirable, from the important consideration, that
is calculated to level those distinctions in socie
ty, which arise from the inability ofthe poor tn
“i ucate theircliildren in our existing institutions
In recommending a change of system of poor
school education, I would, by no tnesans, he
understood as recoin ending a reduction of the
finds appropttated to that object; bu! as pro
ving such an improvement of the system, as
il more profitably employ that fund, for the
• ne:it ofthe poor, and as will have a tendon-v
i ring them nearer- to the level ot the w eal -
thy.
Livery year’s experience affords additional
evidence of the correctness of the views here
tofore communicated to the Legislature by
myself, and predecessors, in regard to the de
fective condition of our militia s stem. The
i xecutive lias nut the power to correct these
imperfections which -have been so often pointed
out, without the co-operation ofthe Legislature.
The Reports of the Keepers of the public i
Arsenals, at this place an i Savannah, aie here- j
with transmitted. From an experiment made!
upon a few hundreds of Muskets,- which had.
been returned to the Arsenal in this place, out ’
of repair and greatly injured by rust, I find,
that the guns belonging to the State in like
■ondition, may be put in good order, at an
expense of one dollar ea„h.—Would it notthere-
I'ore be economy for the Legislature to provide
for the collecting and cleaning tue scattered
arms belonging to the State ?
Undor the authority of a joint resolution of
:h General Assembly, approved ou the 22d of
■ember last, William Scbley, John A.
th! ert and Joseph Henry Lumpkin Esqrs.,
•re appointed by the Executive, “ To prepare i
a plan for the Penitentiary buildings—digest a!
svstem of laws for its government and organ
/.ation—and to revise and amend the penal
rs ‘if this State, so far as relates to the pun
ishments, which that cede prescribes, and report
tiie whole to the next Gen 1 Assembly. ’ I Bill!
apprised, that the report ot these gentlemen, is
in a state of preparation,. Not having
been directed to be submitted to flu Executive,
but passing directly to th* 1 Legislature, 1 deem
it inexpedi’ nt to venture a remark on the sever
al important Subjects, embraced in the Report. |
The character of these . entlemcn, us jurists
justifies the cxpei lalioo, that the views to be
submitted by them, will bo useful to the Legis
lature, and “to the country ; and as the prepar
ation ot their report has required much time and
labour, it is therefore to bo expected that they j
will be suitably compensated
The annual report of the Inspectors of the !
Penitentiary, required to bo made to the Lx
ccutivc in conformity with the provisions of th<
act of theiast General Assembly, is herewith
| submitted. Since the report has been receiv
!ed at this Department, there has not been suf
’ ficient time, from other indispensible duties, to
investigate its details with that scrutiny, which
has heretofore been customary, and which is
always desirable. It is beliaved, however, that
I the operations of the past year have, under all
) the circumstances, been successfully conducted
tor the interest of ‘he institution and of the
State. In our efforts to sustain the institution,
we should profit by past experience, and intro
duce, improvements as last as circumstances
and a due regard to economy will admit. W ith
one additional remark, I will dismiss the sub
ject of the Penitentiary, and that is—that our
loading policy should he to make the institution
unintain itself. The honest part of society feel
a repugnance to the idea of labouring to support
the IN nitetiarv. —Therefore their comforts
should !i procured from their own labour, which
under skilful management and good discipline
is the best means atourdisposal for effecti’ g the
great objects of penal punishment, by preven
ting crime and producing reformation.
The reports of the supciintendants of the j
public hands, will present to the Legislature the I
operations, progress and success ofthat branch j
of the public service during the past political i
t ear—and which, under all circumstaaces, au
thorize the belief, that the ageuts entrusted with
the improvement of our public road, are entitled
to the public confidence and approbation. My
general views, heretofore submitted to the Le
gislature on this subject, have undergone no
change.—But it devolves on the Representa
tives of the people and on the Executive, to
determine whether the present systi m shall be
abandoned, or be sustained by such legislation
as has heretofore been suggested.
No one can feel more gratified than myself,
at the manifestation of the rising spirit of enter
pnse, Which has c haracterised the proceedings
of our fellow-citizens, in various parts of the
Mate, in regard to work of internal improve
ment. This spirit should not be checked, but
encouraged bv the Legislature. Every citizen
and section of the State should have the lawful
privilege of investing their capital according to
their own views of profit—guarding, at the
same time, the intrest of the residue of the
community Horn mjury being sustained, by any
exclusive privileges which may be granted.
! Our past experience, however, should admonish
1 us to be cautious how we entangle the State, by
becoming partners with individuals, Os corpor-1
ate bodies of men. Such associations between
Government and its citizens, are considered I
dangerous to i quality and liberty. The la
-1 voured capitalist, who becomes a partner with
the government, rarely f it to assume some un
usual consequence on account ot the associa
tion ; and generally, tha result is, that the gov
ernment is left to bear the burthens of the con
cern, while the individual partners reap the
whole profits—or abandon the project be
lore any thing is advanced except by the gov
ernment.
If the State should, at this time, determine to
enter upon any great work ofinternal improve
ment,’ it should be a central Rail Road through
the entire State ; begining at the best emporium
on our coast, and proceeding from thence, in a
direction best calculated to benefit the largest
portion of eur population, to the base of the
mountains. A well constructed Rail Road,
through tho centre of the State, being once
completed, it would be speedily intersected by
various roads from all par so! the State at the
points most neodcu. The great highway of
coi miercial intercourse being thus permanently
established, nothing could then hinder the pro
gress ofinternal improvement in Georgia, to
the lull extent which tility might dictate. To
effect any thing permanently useful, it is neces
sary to concentrate the public mind to one great
central object, which shall he considered and
patronized as a State v, oik, designed for the
benefit ofthe whole people. The credit and
recourc< sot our State, should not lie expended
upon local or partial works of internal improve
ment. Our commencement must necessarily
be a curate surveys, upon which true estimates
I may b'’ predicated,and tins can only be obtain
ed by the services of a skiliul and well qualified
Engineer. In count; tiun with this subject, the
views of a highly respectable and numerous
portion of our ‘fellow.citizen of Savannah and
Macon, herewith submitted, are entitled to the
most deliberate and respectful consideration :
as also the report cf the commissioners, John
G. Polhill, Hugh Lawson, and Moses Fort
Esquires, who,tinder a resolution (if the Last
Legislatnre, w ere appointed and instructed to
examine the port of Brunswick and the Rail
Road avenue to the Alatamaha ; which report
with various other documents, is herewith laid
before'tbe General Assembly.
Savannah, the first settled point and long es
tablished emporium of wur State, has for years
past, contended against a rivalry, which has not
only paralized her advancement, but must event
ualiy annihilati her prosperity as an important
coiomerci and city, unless site is sustained by
liberal legislation. Many consni'eations con
nected with ovr history as a State, forbid tho
abandonment of our first and most important
seaport town unless the interest of the great
body of the State, shall require such a eonrse.
The great question which shout! now be settled
is whether th” interest of the p'-opl ; of Georgia
will be most effectually promoted by a dele/
mmatioa to sustaia and bund no Savannah? Or
whether we should look to Brunswick. Darien
or some other port, as possessing equal or supe
rior advantages? The reason why this question
should now be settled is obvious. II we com
mence a great central channel of commerce
—we should commence at the ocean and
proceed to the mountains. The State should
have but one work of this description on hand
at a time; and that should be directed w ith the
single view of benefiting the greatest number
of our citizens. Yariou- considerations ad
monish every true Georgian to lay aside his
local and sectional prejudices, and to exercise
a magnanimous spirit of patriotic state pride,
which will secure to himsclfand fellow-citizens
those commercial advantages, which the God
of Nature designed for the people, who should
inhabit this favored portion of the confederacy.
It would be mortilying indeed, to see the im
mense products of our ow n State drawn from
their natural channels of destination (our own
extensive Atlantic coast) to Charleston and the
Gulf of Mexico —merely for the want ofin
dustry and enterprise on the part of our own
citizens! Not only the products of our own
i State, should be shipped from our own ports,
but, l>v timely and ludicious measures of in
ternal improvement, a very considerable portion
of the Western trade might be drawn to the
ports of Georgia—which is believed to be the
best and most natural channel for much of that
trade. The immense and superabounding
products ot tne great and fertile West, are
more than sufficient to glut its only natural
outlet, New-Orleans. Therefore, the surplus
products of that fertile region, must necessarily
seek a market elsewhere. Hence, we have
witnessed the efforts of New-York Pennsyl
vania, Maryland, and lately, Virginia and South-
Carolma, to obtain a portion of the Western
trade bv their canals, rail and turnpike roads.
Should not Georgia strive for a part of this
| immensely valuable trade? The eastern coun
| ties ol Tennessee are nearer so the coast of
I Georgia than anv other Atlantic market; and it
! is confidently believed that if we ha' ’ a suitable
! channel ofcommerce, or in other words a good
rail road from a seaport in Georgia to the moun
tains it would be extended without delay to the
heart of the great West. The great mountain
barrier which separates the Western, from the
Atlantic waters, can, it is believed, be more
1 easily overcome, and at far less expense in
I Georgia, than in any one of the Atlantic
I States,
Under the authority of a joint resolution of
the General Assemblv passed at the last'session,
William Nichols, jr. Esquire, a gentleman of
high qualifications, was duly appointed by the
Executive and has made the necessary surveys
to ascertain the practicability of a commercial
communication between West Point in Troup
county and the town if Columbus, which report
is in a State of preparation and will be laid
before the Legislature at an early day of the
present session. The collected by
this examination ap'd survey, will enable the
Legislature to determine what can, and ought
to be done, to inprove commercial facilities of
that interesting section of the State.
In persuance of the passage of a resolution
approved fhe24th December last, the improve
; merits on the Fractional Surveys of land in the
Cherokee Territory, have been rented for the
| present year, and the notes received for rent
have been deposited in this Department, subject
to the direction of the Legislature. The
reports of the commissioners who performed
this duty are herewith submitted, and will afford
full and detailed information on the subject.
Various resolutions passedby tho Legislatures
of a number of the States ofthe Union, on sub
jects of general concerns, have been transmitted
to this Department, with a request, that they
should be laid before the General Assembly of
this State—And are, therefore, respectfully sub
mitted for your consideration. Many of these
documents are so voluminous, that it has been
t u. .and impracticable to furnish copies for the con
venii nee of the respective branches ofthe Le
gislature; and originals of such are, therefore,
transmitted to the House of Representatives.—
N’o recommendation or comment on the part of j
the Executive is deemed necessary in regard to j
the resolutions submitted,'exceptthose passed by
the Legislature of Alabama on the subject of the
boundary line between that State and our own;
and those from the State of Pennsylvania, on the
subject of the “entire abolition of lotteries.”
The importance of an amicable, speedly and
delii i.e adjustment ofthe boundary line between
Georgia and Alabama, is too obvious to require
argument; and the plan proposed by (lie Legis
lature of Alabama, is entitled to the respectful
consideration ofthe Representatives ofthe peo
ple of Georgia. The resolutions, together with
the correspondence, which has passed between
tire Executives of the two States, will urge the
expediency of an early attention to this subject
—and I w ould recommend to the Legislature,
a course which may afford full evidence, that
Georgia is pieparod lor the most ample inves
tigation of her claims, and that she seeks
nothing but that justice from others, which alone
wiil be satisfactory to herself.
I concur with the public authorities of the
patriotic State ol Pennsylvania, in respectfully
re ommending your cordial co-operation with
t ( Legislature of that State, in effecting (lie
tire abolition of lotteries.
The survey and settlement cf the c-ntire
territory ofthe State having been accomplished,
I would respectfully recommend to B thc Legis.
lature, that immediate provision be made for
executing a splendid Map ofGeorgia, In order
to construct an accurate Map ofthe State, it
will be necessary to cause a resurvey of tho
county-lines >fthnt partui the State, situate
ctween the Savannah and Oconee rivers.
1 he numerous Acts and Resolutions of tho
i st Legislatin', requiring the action of the
• dative, have received prompt and due atten.
lion, by carrying into •fleet ike objects content,
plated by the Legislature, or by placing such
objects in a course of execution, which in due
tiiiMi (as far as may oe practicable) will 4 ertsure
their completion.
A statement Executive Warrant drawn on th;
i’hcasurer dia-ing the political year 1933, <m f
a list of Executive appointments made during
the raccss of the Legislatuie, are herewith
transmitted.
Fellow .citizens, under a deep sense of tho
magnitude of our responsibilities, suffer me to
remind you; that, as American citizens,a benefi.
cient Providence has placed us upon a lofty
eminence. The eyes ot all the world are <Jj_
reeled to the people of these States. To us, aj
a people has been entrusted, upon a laige scale,
the experiment, whether a people can govern
themselves without Kings, nobility, or standing
armies. To us, belongs the distinction of
demonstrating, that millions upon millions of
free aud equal citizens may dwell together iu
peace and prosperity: exercising all the p re .
negatives of wise self-government, without
tumult anarchy or domestic wars. And to
ensure and perpetuate these inestimable priv
ileges to our posterity, we should alwuys bear
in mind, that our people must be virtuous and
intelligent. Ignorance and vice are opposed
to liberty, Religion, without religious esta
blishments, affords the best guarantee of the
perpetuation of our republican system. The
principles inculcated by the Saviour of man, in
his Sermon on the Mount, will make a people
! obedient to laws, emanating from themselves,
1 and administered by a citizen magistrate of their
own choosing; without the aid ol mercenary
: legions, and the pomp and power, which are the
attend nil's of despotic and arbitrary governments
That tho Creating Power of the Universe may
clothe us w ith a spirit of republican simplicity,
equality and liberty—and guide the onward
march in that course of policy which shall
ensure to posterity the unfading inheritance of
equal lights and free government—is the |fu
vent prayer of your fellow-citizen.
WILSON LUMPKIN.
T WES !IC\ HER ALU?.
AC It ARIA, GEORGIA, NOVEMBER IC, 1833.
Indian Difficulty. —lVe understand that the Clicrokif s
have killed the workman, and burned the mills, which
Col. Goochnon was building near Ellijay in tillmur coun
ty, we will not vouch for the truth of the report, bat will
either confirm, or contradict it in our next.
—.'2£ae
Alabama. —We understand that General [Jackson ha,
sent on an A gent to survey and lay out the Indian reser
vations in complyance with that part of the late Crerk
Treaty, making it obligatory upon the part of the United
States so do so. If nullification can do no other good, it
certainly will sometimes cause the officers of the govern
mciit to do their duty.
” —’ 2£2Z!:—
The fulling of the Stars. —On Wednesday morning tire
13th inst. just before the Eastern horizon, ivas gilded by
the dawn of day, the whole canopy of heaven sepmcdti
lie illuminated with what is generally called the falling of
•lie stars, Meteors of various sizes appeared to be bound
ing and rebounding from one part of the horizon to an
other, and while some of us w ere enjoying the spkiiilid
scenery which nature had painted ana placed before u*.
We have since learned that others of our neighbor,
were so shocked at its appearance as to believe that the
world was actually coming loan end, aiid that time was
about to be no more. We understand that many of tire
most profane were frightened so their knees, that Bibles
were taken down which had been almost covered In dust
for want of removal from the shelves. That cards, and
dice, were actually consigned to the flames, and that
chuckluck certainly sloped in Nuckollsville for the spars
ot one day and night, we have heard men say that they
offered up their fir3t prayer on the occaision, and wc real
ly hope from ail appearances that much good has been
the result, of wlmt we considered nothing mare than an
exhibition of the shattered fragments of Electric fluid,
which may have been produced from v&ricus causes.
The common exhibition of electrical effect* is in attrac
tions and repulsions in which masses of matter are con
cerned. But there arc other effects in which thecliechan
gcstlrat take ph.ee operate in a manner, in small ipaces
offline imperceptibly; and m which the effects are pro
duced upon the chemical arrangement of bodie . II a
piece of Zinc and a piece of Copper come in contact with
each other, they will form a weak electrical combination,
of which the zinc will be pasitive, and the copper nega
tive, this may be learned by the use of a delicate con
densing electrometer,- or by [muring zinc filings through
boles in a plate of copper, upon # common electrometer;
but the power of the combination maiy be most distinctly
exhibited, in the common and more modem expcritncn
calted Galvinism, there arc various other !,causes which
produce electricity, auroraborealis. &c &c. It is said that
the latter produces a very seusible fluctuation in the mag
netic needle, and that the flashings have been attended
with rumblings and hissing sounds,
“ Now black, and deep, the night begins to fad,
Drear is the state of the benighted wretch,
Who then, bewildere’d, wanders through the dark
Perhaps, impatient as he stumbles on;;
Struck from the root of slimy rushes, blue,
The wildfire scatters round, or gather’d trails
A length of flame deceitful o’er the moss:
Whither, decoy’d by the fantastic blaze,
Now lost and now renew’d, he sinks absoxpt;
Rider and horse, amio the miry gulf-:
At other times, gleming on the horse’s mane,
The meteor sits; and shows the narrow path,
That winding, leads through |ts of death, or else,
lustrine ts him 1.6 w to take lYlc dangerous ford.”. I
Tuomson
2^2g--
The Gitmer ‘Representatives. —We are sorry that W
trighe, and corruption, has become, so common ia °®
country, that the officers both of the Genera! and■ State
Governments nil! dare ia the face of day, to practice P s
fitical frauds upon the people for their ovrs aggraiidize
rnent, we have always believed that there was no l‘ <inl)r
in the bare name of sn office, aud that it could only J
made honorable by a faithful discharge ol tire “
signed those, vvlioai the people may have eonfi
enough in to put in office, for tho purpose of doing Vi
they themselves would do were they personally l’ l^ 50 ' 1 ’
wth power to act for thomsclves. But umbrtuniuc y
the sterling integrily, the harmonious feeling] * jn
magnanimity of the .good people of Gilmer count))
seems to us that they have been grossly and shan' 0 .
imposed upon by their members in tb'; present {DV 1 -