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The Red Ar stocracy.
Mr. William Black, in his “Sun
rise,” has given us the portrait of a
niildfand refined young English no
bleman, who is one of the agents and
members of a powerful internationalist
revolutionary society. We doubt If any young man who retains an atom
drove their ancestral kinsmen to put
on the coarse dress of the Benedictine
or to live on the spare meal of the
Trappist. It is a spii it of revolt against
the tyranny, falsehood and sham
which make the (leadening laws of
the fashionable world so intolerable to
How Princess Cicely Lived.
there are many such to be seen in
Hyde Park in the flesh ; but in Paris
t is different. That city appears to
possess just now a large contingent of
titled Revolutionists, whose blood is
very blue, but whose political princi
ples are very red. Indeed, they have
become common enough to go by the
general name of “Les Gentilshommes
Rouges.” We take up the Intransi-
geant, and we find that its leading ar
ticle is written by Monsieur le Mar
quis de Rochefort. We turn to its
“chronicle” of daily events : it is sign
ed “L. Grammont.” This bitter
wiiter, who jages against the times
and calls the attention of the laboring
classes to the misere from which noth
ing but the still future Social Revolu
tion can free them, is really a duke.
His full title is the Duo de Grammon.
He is a very young gentleman, as
amiable as Mr. Black’s English revo
lutionary peer; and, in spite of his
fierce talk, is supposed to be incapable
of injuring a fiy. He will probably
die of consumption, if report be true;
but it is his ambition to fall at the foot
of a barricade, sacrificing his life in a
conflict for the liberation of the people
from their tyrants—whether Kings,
Emperors or Republican Opportunists.
When the Duke is not writing his
imaginary chronicles, he is said to em
ploy iiis pen in the composition of
delicate love-poems. His genuine ca
pacity may be guessed from the fact
that he won the first prize for the ode
to Victor Hugo.
of seriousness, moral earnestness or
common human sympathy. It is
ready to plunge into any extreme if it
can thereby save its own soul from
“the pomps and vanities of this wick
ed world.” The modern duke, mar
quis, baron or viscount becomes a So
cialist or Nihilist, as it seems to us,
from an exactly similar impulse to
that which drove so many a mediaeval
duke, marquis, baron or viscount to
become a monk.
Dislike of Dogs and other
Squibs.
The favorite paper of the wives and
daughters of the French operatives is
the Reveil, on account of the enter
taining reading in its literary supple
ment. We are told that a married
workman who wants to please wife
and daughters takes home a copy of
the Reveil. The leading are sigm d
“Lanessan.” M. Lanessan’s name will
be fresh in the memory of many Eng
lish readers, on account of the promi
nent part which he has lately taken,
in the Chamber of Deputies as the Par
liamentary champion of the workmen
on strike. It might be supposed that
he is a self-made man,after Dr. Smiles’s
type of pacific heroes. On the con
trary, he is a baron in his own right,
and Delongs to one of the oldest aristo
cratic houses of France. To our
thinking the Rtveil is not a lively
paper. It does not exhibit the fiery
glow which characterizes the Radical,
for instance, one of the most instruc
tive specimens of an organ of French
demagogy—which is quite a different
thing from French democracy. The
editor of this demagogic print calls
himself “Henri Maret,” and he sits
and votes in the Chamber under that
name. Doubtless he has a right to it;
but it is only a part of his full deaigna
tion, which is given at length upon
his visiting-cards—“Le Due de Bassa-
mo-Maret.” There is no doubt what
ever as to the authenticity of his ducal
title. His two cousins, Ernest and
Rene, are aristocratic men of fashion,
and were lately described in one of
the society journals as “ornaments of
the Faubourg Saint-Germain.”
It is a singular social phenomenon,
and well deserving of serious study,
that no less than three of the princi
pal revolutionary journals of Paris
should be edited respectively by a
marquis, a baron and a duke—each of
whom, considered from a genealogist’s
point of view, is no upstart. But this
new party of Red Aristocrats, or “Gen
tilshommes Rouges.” is most fully
represented in the Mot d’ Ordre. Ed
mond Lepelletier, its famous editor-in-
chief, chooses to be known to France
and the world merely by these two
words ; but if he were to subscribe his
article with his complete designation,
nis signature would require two lines,
for he is “Edmond, le Vicomte de
Bouhelier Lepelletier, Baron de Baint
Fargeau.” The reporter of law cases
in the columns of the same journal,
who so«mB to delight especially in giv
ing iongaocounts of sacerdotal misde
meanors, signs himself “Andre.” He
also is nothing smaller than a Vis
count—Andre, Vicomte de Gosset.
The third in that aristrocratic-revolu-
tlonary joint stock company which
conducts the Mot d’ Ordre is the
Marquis de Qeorge. These de classes
of the French noble families are said
to be the most taking aDd popular
agents in a socialistic agitation. The
spirit which has driven them to seek
alliance with the revolutionary agita-
akin to that whloh
Alfred de Mussett, a distinguished
poet, hud a dislike for dogs. One day
he visited a member of the French
Academy, and as soon as he entered
the hall an affectionate dog made his
acquaintance, by rubbing against his
new and dainty clothing. The poet
would have driven the dog off, but as
the owner of the house would have
great influence in securing his desired
election to the Academy, he kept his
temper. While the poet and his host
were at the table the dog entered the
room, placed two muddy paws on the
cloth, and seized the wing of a cold
chicken.
“You are fond of Jogs, I see,” said
the poet.
“Fond of dogs!” replied his host.
“Why, sir, I hate dogs.”
“But how about this animal here?’
said the poet.
“I have borne with the beast,” was
the reply, “because it is yours.”
“Mine!” cried de Musset. “I
thought it was yours, which was all
that prevented me from killing him.”
The dog was a wanderer who had
stolen into the house. The two men
laughed. The poet gaineda friend, but
the dog and his kind an enemy bitterer
than before.
When a certain precious little boy
was requested by his teacher to say
his lesson, which be didn’t know, he
timidly remarked :
“Grandmother says I should be
‘seen and not heaid !’ ”
Susie had been eating oranges just
before she went to school one day. In
school the teacher said :
“The earth is round like a ball; it is
one-fourth laud. What are the othtr
three-fourths?”
“Pleethe, inarm,” said Susie, who
was in the front row, “I deth it ith
thkin.”
What is that word of five letters of
which, when you take two away, only
one remains ? The word “stone”
The following is lrom the ” it e-book
of a school-examiner:
Examiner—“Who can tell me any
thing about Benjamin Franklin?”
Small boy (triumphantly)—“He was
frozen to death in the Artie regions.”
One night last month there was an
eclipse of the moon. A lad who sat
up ail night to see the eclipse was
boasting to his younger brother about
it. All at once the younger brother
said:
“Well, suppose you did see the
’clipse last night; cau’t I see one any
night? There now 1”
Victoria’s Appreciation of
Longfellow.
At a dinner given in Loudon in
1877, to Chief Justice Shea of the Ma
rine Court, Sir (then Mr.) Theodore
Martin, the biographer of Prince
Albert, related to the Judge that the
Queen once told him, when he called
at Windsor Castle, “I wished tor you
this morning, for you wouW have
seen something that would have de
lighted you as a man of letters. The
American poet Longfellow has been
here. I noticed an unusual interest
among the attendants and servants.
I could scarcely credit that they so
generally understood who he was
When he took his leave they concealed
themselves in places from which they
could get a good look at him as he
passed. I have since inquired among
them, and am surprised and pleased
to find that many of his poems are
familiar to them. No other distin
guished person has come here tLu-.t
has excited so peculiar an interest.
Such poets wear a crown that is im
perishable.”
A curious old document was un
earthed from the obscurity of a semi-
private collection of manuscripts—for
it is not, properly speaking, a record—
and it is well worth attention, not
only as a memento of a distinguished
lady, but as evidence of what may be
considered as the usual regime of a
pious household in the middle nges.
It is a detailed account of the daily
life of the Princess Cicely, mother of
Edward IV., and in the original ex
tends over several pages of foolscap ; a
few of the most salient points, how
ever, are all that can be noted here.
The Princess spent her time as fol
lows : She rose at seven and began the
day with matins, after which she had
breakfast. This over, she returned to
her religious exeicises, and continued
so employed till eleven o’clock, when
she with all her household dined.
Having concluded her dinner and
given an hour’s audience to such ten
ants or others as might desire that
privilege, the Priucess slept tor a quar
ter of an hour, and rising, it is to be
hoped reireshed, from a singularly
short siesta, she returm d to her pray
ers, and so continued till “even-song,”
to which ceremony she immediately
proceeded, allowing only a short inter
val for the consumption,as we are told,
of “wine or ale.” Even songconeluiled
at five o'clock, she went to supper,
and, on edifying thoughts intent, du
ring the progress of that meal recited
(he lecture she had heard at dinner to
those about her.
Relief, however, was at baud, and
the Priucess’s sufferings for the day
were over—stern duty was to be suc
ceeded by mild dissipation, for on
rising from the table, she gave herself
up, as we are informed, to an hour’s
“mirth!” History is silent as to the
peculiar kind of jollity indulged in by
this pious lady, but, after the supper
and its accompanying lecture, even
chess must have appeared a reckless
indulgence, and the frolics of a jester,
or the stately measure of a dance,a pos
itive orgy. The hour of gavety being
spent, the Princess Cicely went up
stairs and, alter praying again, re
tired to bed, reaching that haven at
eight o’clock. The touch of sly humor
which the courtly old chronicler, who
apparently finds the lady’s daily ex
ercises too much for his gravity, in
serts at the end of his account, is
worth quoting: “I trust,” says he,
“our Lord’s mercy that this noble
Prinee-s thus devydeth the hours to
His high pleasure.”
The account is not yet concluded:
the following information as to the
menage of the household may be of in
terest.
The dinners on Sunday, Tuesday
and Thursday consisted principally of
bolied beef and mutton, one roast
joint in addition being allowed; on
Monday and Wednesday the meal
was much the same as on the other
days of the week, with the omission
of the roast. The suppers uniformly
consisted of roast beef and mutton.
The dinner on Saturday was salt and
fresh fish and butter—the supper being
salt fish and eggs. Friday is not men-4
tinned ; but, as it was a fast day, the
meals were probably w T orse than those
of Saturday.
The head officers alone had break
fast, and to them also was allowed the
luxury of bread and ale for supper.
The two following rules, almost
Draconian in their severity", must
conclude the notice of this interesting
document:
By the constitution of the house, if
any man comes late to matins, etc.,
he has only bread and water for his
supper.
Every man at Easter must biing a
certificate to show where he was shri
ven or received the Sacrament, or he
loses hia place.
It is probable that such a way of
life was rare, even in those days of
priestly inff uence; and surely there
could be but few servants fouid to
submit to a rule as strict as that of
Edward’s mother. But the broad
features of the case have their value,
and would probably apply to most
regimes of the period.
sion that “ the dress of the clergy had
no distinct intention, symbolical,
sacerdotal, sacrificial'or mystical,” but
originated simply in “the fashions
common to the whole community of
tlie Roman Empire during the first
three centuries.” He begins by dress
ing up a lay figure at the time of the
Cbrivtian era, and shown how his
various garments have survived in
clerical costume. His shirt, camisia
or chemise, survives in two forms, the
all), so called from its being white,
and the dalmatia, so called from Dal-
matia, from whence this shape of it
was derived—just as certain great
coats, to qu. te the Dean’s illustration
—are now called ulsters. This shirt,
after the invasion of the Northern bar
barians, used to be draw r n over the fur
coat, sheep skin or otter skin, the pel-
lisse of the Northern nations, and
hence, in the twelfth century, arose
the barbarous name of sujyerpedicium
or surplice, the “ over fur.” The pre
sent rector of St. George’s-in-the-East,
the Rev. Harry Jones, told an amus
ing story of the Dean which illustrates
this point. He came to preach at St.
George’s one very cold day, wrapped
in a fur coat, and Mr. Jones advised
him to keep it on during the service.
“Yes,” said the Dean, “I think 1
had better do so, and then my surplice
will be a true superpellicium.” An
other form of the same dress survives
tn the Bishop’s rochet, which is the
little frock or coat worn by the medie
val Bishops out of doors when they
went out hunting. Similarly the pall
of an Archbishop is the relic of the
Roman toga or pallium. It is not so
certain as the Dean supposes that cas
sock is derived from Caracalla, “a
long overall, which Antoninus Bassia-
nus brought from France and whence
he derived his name,” for it has also
been traced to kas, skin or bide. But
there can be no doubt that chasuble
comes from casula., “a slang name
used by title Italian laborers for the
capote,” which they called “their
little house,” as “tile,” is—or was a
short time ago—used for “hat,” and
as coat is the same word as “ cote ” or
“cottage,” and “cope” is another
form of overcoat—a sort of waterproof;
or that the mitre was an ordinary
head-dre-s worn by women, and still,
according to the Dean, to be seen in
the museums of Russia as the cap or
turban worn on festive occasions in
ancient days by princes and nobles,
and even to this day by 1 he peasant
women. The division into two points
is, he says, “only the mark ol the
crease, which is the consequence of its
having been, like an opera hat, folded
and carried under the arm.” The
stole, lastly, was a simple handker
chief for common uses. On State oc
casions such handkerchiefs were used
as ribbons, streamers or scarfs, and
were lienee adopted by the Deacons,
who had little else to distinguish
them. The Dean mentions a curious
modern illustration of the way in
which the use of such a slight symbol
may arise. When Sir James Brooke
first returned from Borneo, where the
only sign of royalty was to hold a ker
chief in the hand, he retained the
same practice in England. The pro
cess by which these simple
passed into official
First, the early Christian cl* rgy and
laity alike, when they came to their
public assemblies, took care that their
clothes, though the same as they usu
ally wore, should be especially neat
and clean. Next, it was natural that
the colors and forms chosen should be
of a grave and sober tint. Lastly came
the process, which may be easily fol
lowed in English society during the
last two centuiies of common fashions
becoming lixtd in certain classes at
particular moments, and of what was
once common to all becoming peculiar
to a few.—London Quartely.
Not the Oldest Book.
Captain Ward, of Sumter, South
Carolina, according to the Louisville
Courier-Journal, has the oldest news
paper,oldest book,and the oldest candle
in America. He has a copy of the Not
tingham Post, published in England,
October 12, 1711, by John Collyer. The
book is the “Life of William Cavendish,
Duke of New Castle,” and was written
by Margaret, his wife. It was publish
ed by A. Maxwell in 1685, a hundred
years before our independence, and
contains269 pages. The candle is of
v ax, two and a half inches in diameter,
and about an inch long. It was used
in the private cuamber of Queen
Elizabeth.
It is very remarkable that any in
telligent person should suppose that a
newspaper of 1711 and a book of 1685
are the oldest in the United States. In
the libraries of antiquarians and in
many public libraiies there are huu-
dreds of newspapers and books whose
dates run so far back of these as to
make it scarcely worth while to men
tion them. The first newspaper in
America was published in Boston,
September 25, 1690, and we are not
aware that a copy is extant in this
country. But the Boston “News
Letter” was established in 1704, and
continued every week till 1776, and in
England newspapers have been pub-
lhhed ever since 1640. We have in
this country hundreds of newspapers
printed earlier than 1711. And as to
books, we in the last number of this
paper mentioned a volume in our own
possession published in 1587, about
100 years before Captain Ward’s oldest
book. The next book we take up is
printed in 1600, and we ceuid find
scores and scores of a still earlier date.
Two hundred presses were at w r ork in
Europe in the year 150Q, and in Mex
ico they were pointing in 1536, and in
Massachusetts in 1639. The Bay
Psalm Book, of which there are sev
eral copies, was printed in 1640.
Eliot’s Indian New Testament was
printed in 1661, and is among us to
this day and the whole Bible in 1663.
But it is needless to multiply examples
of books extant printed long enough
before 1685.
We would think that there was
some error in the form of the statement
in the Louisville Journal, if it were
not that in one of our own evening
papers we read that Colonel Thomas
W. Knox disputes the report that
Captain Ward, of Sumter, S. C., has
in his possession the oldest book in
America, tlie date of its publication
being given as 1685, and gives a de
scription of bis volume printed in
1681.
It is very singular that these gen
tlemen do not know that the Lenox
Library has cases filled with the finest
specimens of the earliest printing
extant, and that volumes printed
between 1450 and 1500 are to be found
in numbers of our private as well
public libraries.—N. Y. Observer.
Humility and self-denial for the
sake of others are not requisite to the
full development of man.
Clerical Vestments.
How Maoh “ Primitive’’ Amthority
There is for Them.
Dean Stanley describes, evidently
with infinite amusement, the puftly
secular and common origin of the pre
sent official drees Gr' i^® clergy,
whether in the, Anglican V* ^®
Roman Church, and he enfon^ 8 *
the liveliest illustration, the
Twenty Impc
Too Much for Him.
Too Old.—Mr. and Mrs. Jones were
starting for church. “Wait,
said the lady, “I’ve forgotten
tiling : won’t you be good, now,
go up stairs and got my goats off'
bureau?” “Your goats!” replied
Jones; “what new-fangled thing is
that?” “I’ll show you,” remarked the
wife, and she sailed up the stairs, and
down again *vith a pair of kids on her
hands.\“There they are,” said she
“Why, » call those things kids,” said
the surprised husband. “Oh, do you?”
snapped the wife^ “Well, so did I
once, but they are so old now I’m
ashamed to call them anything but
goats.” Then they went to church.
The newt day Jones’ wife had half a
dozen pairs of new gloves in a hand
some lacquered box of the latest de
sign.
' Nothing can be great vhieh Is not
mgs.
1. Loud and boistJPBPlaughing.
2. ben others are talking
Reading,* aloud in company witbl
out being ask cad.
4. Talking -when others are read
ing. 1 •
5. Spitting atvout the house, smok
ing or chewing.!
6. Cutting finger-nails in company.
7. Leavmp ch'urcb before worship
is closed.
8. Whispering ^r laughing in the
house of God.
9. Gazing rudely at strangers.
10. Leaving a stranger without a
seat.
11. A want of respect and reverence
for seniors.
12. Correcting older persons
yourself, especially parents.
13. Receiving a present without an
expression of gratitude.
14. Making yourself the hero of jour
own story.
15. Laughing at the mistakes
hers.
16. Joking others in company.
17. Commencing talking before an
other has finished speaking.
18. Conn lencing to eat as soon as
you get to the table.
20. Not listening to what any one is
saying in company.
The first discovery of fossil human
remains in the caverns of Brazil has
been made by Dr. Lund near
Santa, province of Minas Geraes, whe*j
an osseous breccia has been found
taining human debris olosely
ated with the remains of extin<
•1m.
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