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ir Sex.
“If I had a dozen
them all boys,”
-‘Boys can take
, T es, they are energetic,
l it doesn’t take half so
to keep a family of hoys
w, if I should have my
I Mrs. Workliard, “1
have my children all j
Girls are so gentle, so helpful,
so much more refinement than
s; And then it is such a pleasure to
for them, they look so prettily in
garments made for them.” “Very
ladies,” said Mrs. Sensible, “you
right and wrong. I believe in
family—part boys, part girls,
nfiuence the girls to self-reli-
girls refine the boys by their
i. A boy who is brought up
isters makes the most manly
the girl who is brought up
the brothers makes the most
manly woman.”
'Sweet-Minded Women.—So great
the influence of a sweet-minded
oman on those around her that it is
most boundless. It is to her that
•iends come in seasons of sorrow and
| sickness for help and comfort, one
nothing touch of her kindly hand
works wonders in the feverish child, a
ew words let fall from her lips into the
ar of a sorrowing sister do much to
the load of grief that is bowing
victim down to the dust in anguish.
'i husband comes home worn out
i the pressure of business, and irri-
e with the world in general, but
n he enters the cosv sitting room,
sees the blaze of the bright lire, and
ts his wife’s smiling face, he suc-
in a moment to the soothing in-
mes" which act as a balm of Gilead
founded spirits that are wearied
abutting with the stern realities
The rough schoolboy Hies in a
a the taunts of his companions
solace in his mother’s smile;
little one, full of grief with his own
trouble, finds a haven of rest on its
r’s breast; and so one might go
nstances of the influence that a
minded ivoman has in the social
ith which she is connected.
i r is an insignificant power when
red with hers.
eautiful Indian Legend.—
ad of the Cherokee rose is as
the flower itself. An Indian
Seminole tribe was taken
enemies, the Cherokees,
but became so
ne necessary to
to health before
fire. And as he
isease in the cabin of
daughter of the
t-faced maid was
n love with the
wishing to save
to escape; but he woud
would flee with him.
gone far, impelled
home, she
ver to return
away some
her foot-
he white
of her
during
'ilderness,
of her new home
.Seminole. And from
beautiful flower has
known between the capes
and throughout the southern
the name of Cherokee rose.—
Advocate.
Science.
fabric, recently patented, is
|en into matting for floors,
lers, window shades, chair
pie covers, etc. These goods
(admired, and it is claimed
re much more durabel
kttlng, and can be sup-
lied at pricoi^that will insure their
(le.
The Lay torpedo was lately subjected
i) a severe test by its inventor in the
sphorus. It was discharged over a
a mile long at a target only
feet in length. In going to the
the torpedo lmd to pass through
distinct currents and a very lumpy
(lit the trial proved very suceess-
ziuctwp^^arts of tobacco
1 Itothchild’s
^Bozard,
oa meteorology, say that prognostics
will never lie superseded for use at sea
and isolated and remote places on
land. Prognostics can also be usefully
combined with charts in synoptic fore
casting, especially in certain classes of
showers and thunder-storins, which do
not affect the reading of the barometer.
The following simple test for ascer
taining the presence of cottonseed oil in
olive oil is given by the Druggists' 1 Cir
cular : An aqueous solution of acetate
of lead is stirred up with the oil and the
mixture put aside for twelve hours. If
there be present even so small a quan
tity as 5 per cent, of cottonseed oil the
mixture will have a reddish color. This
reaction is said to be peculiar to cotton
seed oil.
As to the preservation of wood, M.
Fayol finds that treatment with tar in
creases and sometimes doubles the dura-
ration of oak timber used in collieries
but has little influence upon that o
pine. Oak wood prepared with ferrous
sulphate lasts longer—ten times—than
in its unprepared state, after it has
immersed for twenty-four! hours in a
solution of 200 grammes of ferrous sifl-
pliate per litre.
Contrary to the opinion of old fisher
men, statistics clearly prove that tlieje
has been a steady increase of the her
ring taken annually on the northeast
•of Scotland. From observations made
by Dr. Day the herring of late years
seems to take to deeper waters, but at
intervals to return to the shallower
waters, usually frequented for feeding
or for breeding purposes, from which it
had been apparently frightened^by ex
cessive netting, vast shoals of dogfish,
etc.
The bread crumb comprises a multi
tude of cells of thin walls containing
carbonic acid gas, the product of fer
mentation in the dough. These walls
of the cells contain both gluten and
starch and traces of dextrine sugar. As
a consequence of the treatment with
water and the application of heat, the
starch grains, which, in their normal
condition are little sacs filled with mi
nute granules of . starch proper, have
been swollen and burst.
A non-conductor of electricity has yet
to be found, for all substances hitherto
discovered are conductors of the force
under certain known conditions ; but
those which offer a great resistance to
it serve the purpose of non-conductors
in practice, although they may be all
classed as good or bad conductors. The
best conductor known at present is sil
ver , the worst conductor is solid par-
ratline.
Most bronze statues in the o]>en air
soon assume an appearance of iron.
Very few take on that peculiar delicate
green transparent film known as patina.
To produce the patina covering an at
mosphere free from deleterious vapors,
the presence of moisture in the air and
a certain composition of the metal are
required. White zinc alloys or brass
soon turn black. Tin alloys or bronze
are less rapidly oxidized. Mr. II. Weber
finds that the ancients used very little
zinc in their fine statuary, and hence
he fine patina formation.
Mixing of Races.
It will be remembered by those who
have been familiar with our writings
for the last thirty years, that we have
counted very much upon an improved
race in this country growing out of the
mixture of races. Herbert Spencer, in
giving his impressions of America, says:
“It may, I think, be reasonably held,
that both because of its size and the
neterogenity of its components, the
American nation will be a long time in
evolving its ultimate form, but its ulti
mate form will be high. One result fit,
1 think, tolerably clear. From biologi
cal truths it is to be inferred that the
eventual mixture of the allied varieties
of the Aryan race forming the popula
tion, will produce a more powerful type
of them than lias hitherto existed, and
a typo of men more plastic, more adapt
able, more capable of undergoing the
complications needful for social life. 1
think that, whatever difliculties they
may have to surmount, and whatever
tribulations they may have to pass
through, the Americans may reasona
bly look forward to a time when they
will have produced a civilization
grander than any the world has
onwn.”
Illinois court hasjieoided that
j about
Agricultural.
Jefferson county (N. Y.) farmers now
carry their milk to the limburger cheese
factories where they are paid 12 and 12 j
cents per gallon for it.
Trees intended for planting should
not have their roots exposed to the sun
or wind so that the can dry out. The
roots must lie kept moist if the trees
are expected to live.
Parmentier says that the best method
of storing thoroughly dry and clean
wheat is in sacks isolated from each
other, care being taken to keep a suffi
ciently low temperature in the granary.
That “Eastern methods” of farming
are equally well adapted to the broad
prairies of the West is shown in the
experience of Mr. A. Reser, who thir
teen years ago moved from the East to
the high praric land in Marshall county,
Kansas. Mr. Reser farms but eighty
acres, but lie lias been remarkably suc
cessful, and h : s success, has, observes
the Topeka/a? mcr, in spite of droughts,
verified the lepeated statement that
more grain car. be raised from a well-
tilled field of ten acres than from forty
acres i>oorly tended.
Farmers who co-operate together in
buying and selling should endeavor to
make arrangements with the working
men of the cities, whereby either party
may be benefited from the transactions.
All that is needed is organization, and
there is no reason why an organized
body of fanners may not get larger
prices for produce and at the same time
cheapen iv to the consumer. The work
ingmen are always ready to organize for
such purpose, and the farmers should
profit by it.
Thf parts of animals generally used
for giue-making are the paring of Hides
and skins from tanneries and slaughter
houses known as glue pieces, fleshing,
pelts from furriers, hoofs and ears of
cattle, horses and sheep. Animal skins
in every form, when unacted upon by
tannic acid, are excellent material for
the glue-rnaker. It is said that the
partings of oxen and other thick hides
make the best glue. Fish-bones, the
core of horns, sinews and animal mem
brane are all utilized for the same
purpose.
• Peter Ivory, who is an experienced
cattle raiser, says the following remedy
will cure the blackleg or diphtheria.
We give it for the benefit of our farmer
readers. lie says : “When the animal
is first taken it will exhibit lameness in
some one of its legs. With a sharp
knife open the lame member between
the knee and the hoof, where will be
found a lump or a sack filled with a
white substance; squeeze all this out,
then fill the opening with salt and pep
per. and bind the limb up with a rag.”
This is all that is required, and Mr.
i vory vouches for its good effects. The
remedy is certainly cheap and simple,
and is worthy a trial.
The Richmond (Va.) Southern Plant
er, relates thus of one-eighth of an acre
of lucerne : It has no superior for soil
ing purposes. On the 11th and 12th of
April it was killed down to the ground
by a severe frost, when it was fully
knee high, and would have been ready
to cut in a few days. On the 22d of
May it was first mowed, and again on
July 21st and August 14th. The three
mowings yielded 4560 pounds of green
food for soiling, from one-eightli of an
acre, or at the rate of .16,480 pounds per
acre. Fed with a little meal and salt
sprinkled over it, it is a wholesome
and highly nutritious food for horses
and cattle of all kinds.
Sir J. B. Lawes thus reasons from
experiments, as stated in the Countrij
Gentleman: “To obtain maximum crops
of grain the proper course to pursue is
to precede them with a crop of legumi
nous plants—that is, peas, clover,
vetches, etc.—to which tlie minerals
should be applied, and this enables
these plants to make an unusual growth,
which renders them capable of storing
up a large amount of ammonia—more
than is necessary for the grain crop that
follows—and the latter, by this.active
stimulant, is rendered capable of obtain
ing all the minerals required from the
soil and the decaying vegetation for
maximum crops.”
The quantity of water which passes
through the roots of a plant is enor
mous. Dr. Lawes, of England, found
that an average of 2000 pounds of
water is absorbed by a plant for every
pound of mineral matter absorbed by it.
At the French Agricultural Obseiva-
tory, at Montsouris, it was found that
7702 pounds of water passed through
e roots of the whet]
pounds for each pound of grain, in a
rich soil; while in a very poor soil 1616
pounds were passed through the same
quantity of wheat for a product of
about half a pound of grain, or 265)3
pounds of water for each pound of
grain.—Ann York limes.
A successful fruit-grower thinks
many apple trees are set too near to
gether ; two rods apart is near enough.
The land for an orchard must be kept
in good condition, lie top-dresses his
orchard once in three years, principally
with a thick coating of straw. He al
lows hogs to run in his orchards, and
plows the land until the trees are so
large as to interfere with such a prac
tice. Last year he picked forty-five
barrels of Greenings from four trees.
Orchards thrive best near bodies of
water. Trees should be judiciously
trimmed while young. Many trees are
injured by overpruning. Trees should
be grafted when they are from one inch
to one and one-lialf inches in diameter.
Judge Eaton, of Ottawa, 111., notes,
in an article on the history of the Irish
potato, a fact which many farmers have
observed, despite the assurance by scien
tists that “mixing in the hill is impos
sible: ’ “A curious fact connected
with the growth of the Irish potato,
and which most farmers have no doubt
observed, is that they will hybridize in
the hill. Plant a red and a white potato
in the same hill, or so near together
that their bearing roots will intertwine,
and part of the tubers of either plant
are liable to be marked with red and
white patches, or one-half may be red
and the other half white. This is an
interesting field for the investigation of
some one inclined to the work.”
In order to have successive crops of
green food for stock small pieces of
ground should be sown at intervals for
that purpose. Some sections will not
produce grass in abundance, but such
difficulty may partially be avoided by
sowing peas and oats mixed, mustard,
radish, collards, kale, or anything else
that comes early. Though the quan
tity may not be large, the green stuff
will answer for a change of diet, and
serves an excellent purpose in that res
pect.
The orchard should be cultivated at
least eight years, or till it comes well
into bearing in any hoed crop, or sown
to buckwheat and let fall back on the
ground ; care should be taken not to
plow too near or too deep near the trees ;
when you seed use red clover. It is
advisable to shorten in the branches
two-thirds the last year’s growth, for
the reason that the tree has lost roots in
being taken up, and that equalizes the
top and root.
Dr. Gilbert, of England, the long
time associate of Sir J. B. Lawes in the
Rothamstead experiments, thinks the
clover failure in this country, generally
attributed to insects, is rea^y line to
clover sickness—condition of the soil
in which clover refuses to grow. He
believes the insects which are generally
credited with the failure only come in
because of the feeble growth of the
l#ant. This opinion, coming from so
high an authority, is worth investi
gating.
• AVool waste from the shoddy mills in
Franklin, Mass., is used and valued
quite highly for agricultural purposes.
It is composed of the short fragments
andtine dus gathered unde* the ma
chines that prepare the most valuable por
tions of the wool for use in manufactures.
The gr-.ase from the scouring mills is
quite another substance, containing a
large percentage of potash, we believe,
while wool waste is valued chiefly for
ils nitrogenous elements.
Mr. John G. Lemmon has reported to
the California Academy of Sciences the
discovery of two or three varieties of
indigenous potatoes among the moun
tain ranges along the Mexican frontier
of Arizona. They grow abundantly in
high mountain meadows surrounded by
peaks attaining a height of 10,000 feet
above sea level. The tubers were
about the size of walnuts. Mr. Lem
mon brought home a supply which will
lie carefully cultivated.
Andrew Burnett, of Wellesley, who
raises considerable quantities of fiat
turnips for feeding to his milch cows,
writes as follows: “When I grass
down on well-manured lands the mid
dle or last of August, I sow quarter of
a pound of white flat turnip seed to tlie
acre with the grass seed, harvesting the
turnips after about three months
growth. Too much seed is commonly
used iuflBfeiiM^ui'niiuteltaaihoidd
the acre if I were sowing not'
at the time. ”
Fertile and Barren Soils.
The fertility of all soils depetn
the quantitiycontained therein of t
substances that are taken up by pit
as bod and converted into on
matter. .No two soils are alike, to
soils are constantly augment it
diminishing in quality, whether in
plete fallow or occupied by cultiv
crops. But very few soils are
pletelv barren though they may
largely deficient in the greater nut
of essential substances that are c»
pletely assimilable. Sometimes a
is fertile for a particular plant
barren to another, which may be i!
tinted in the comparison of clover v
sweet potatoes, for crops of the lat
are often grown on soils that are tie
ly sterile, while clover cannot exist nr
less under certain conditions. The fit
est and best sweet pototoes can lie
duced in that section of country dvi
by the Cape Fear River, in the cm;
of Bladen, Brunswick and Columb
North Carolina, and yet the soil
only complete sand but low and
The only fertilizer used is the leave
the pitch pine composted with ra
and gatherings around the farm. Cl
is foreign to that region. It is
claimed that carbon is one of the priir
factors of a fertile soil, despite th
known fact that plants appropriate
from the air, and should this claim
satisfactorily demonstrated it willcai
a revolution in our methods of usi
fertilizers. At present it is scarce
alknved a place in the list of ingredien
and posseses no commercial value
that account whatever.
Sand and clay are not in themsef
valuable food for plants, but rathe
mechanical in action. All soils {xiase;
lime, with traces of iron and magnesi;
as well as a small proportion of orj.
matter ; but fertile soils must oo
phosphoric acid, potash, lime and a
amount of organic matter. There
long list of compounds known to
present in a fertile soil, the quantities,
however, being small and varying, and
in composition according to the charac
ter of rocks of w’lncli they were ori
nally a part, the chemical character
however, being modified by time, dis
integration and the action of surround
ing substances and additions, which,
though changing them in structure, do
not destroy them.
A fertile soil can be deprived of the
whole or a part of its fertility by par
ticular crops. It can be rendered defi
cient in nitrogen and yet remain rich in
potash, or it can be deprived of potash
and yet contain lime. Soils are affected
also by the methods of cultivation,
manner of manuring and by draughts.
A sterile soil can generally be rendered
fertile by cultivation without the use
of manure, for constant exposure to
heat and moisture causes the t>artli to
gradually form and give off particles of
matter suitable for some indigenous
weed, which, when plowed in, assist to
furnish nourishment to a more numer
ous family, until, by a continued pro
cess of green manuring the land can
put to use. As such a method is slow
however, the use of barnyard manuri
and the covering under of green crop
grown especially for the purpose
cheaper and quicker. The quest
with our farmers atnresenfe^^ how to
keep up the fefll^pir soils with the
least expense rather than that of at
tempting to work those that tire barren.
Good barnyard manure, as a general
thing, contains all the elements of fer
tility, and it should never be omitted
from its place in the list as the chief
reliance for success, for, say what we
will, in favor of commercial fertilizers,
there can be nothing urged by any one
to give them the preference, though
when used with the manure the result
is more satisfactory. The greatest dif
ficulty is to procure a sufficiency of
manure, but that which is usually
made on wtll-regulated farms, together
with the use of fertilizers and green
manurial crops, if rightly managed
will not only keep the soil fertile, bq
allow full crops and a the least co
In the Coluinbvian Journal for .h
nary, 1855, is the following translati
from the original Welsh of
THE (’YC'LE OF THE WOULD AND
OF LIFE.
Poverty causes exertion ;
Exertion causes success;
Suecc.-s causes wealth ;
Wealth causes pride;
Pride causes contention;
iCon o.ition causes war ;
War
lovei