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There is not upon tiic face of the earth,
perhaps, a man of such extensive, continually
and efficient power, as Rothschild
of London. All that wc hear of him, howev
er extravagantly expressed, may fee said to
fall far short of the trutii, it wc look t<- his in
fluence, whi 'li almost realised the strange
taie of Godwin’s St. Leon, whose hero is the
wandering jew—or his wealth—or his mode
of operating as by dumb show upon the Gahi
piMt of Europe. Ta*k as we may about Ein
"perors and Kings, and their despotism—-there
is no despotism like that of wealth, hoarded
tip here only to be scattered there, garnered
hr the treasurers of Europe only to be distri
buted in Asia, and circulating every where
w ith steadiness like that of the atmosphere,
whose virtue and vitality arc never diminish
ed, although continually changing and fluc
tuating. Talk of soldiers in Europe—the
soldiers that arc paid, ore the g'nly soldiers
W orth having, ant he that pays th m is their
commander-in-chief, be lie who he may;
wearing neither crown or sceptre if you will,
no.~ even sitting in tt Council of War; it is
he, and he only, though walking the earth
under the gvse of a broker, who ought to be
regarded aj their chief, Rothfthild of London
—or at any rate, the liothcbilds of Europe
taken together, are the King-makers of the
nineteenth century. It is only a day or two
e'ince, that a young friend of ours, recently
from abroad, favored us with a fete by the
London Rothschild,which interested us not a
Jjltle. lie had given a dinner party, follow
ed by sundry shows of one sort and another,
which the wealthiest inonarchs of the day
Vuight have been proud to equal, so far at any
* ate, as the cost of entertainment would go.
There were princes and paupers—British no-
Llemen and stock-jobbers—lords, ladies, and
Jewish damsels, gathered together in such
lumbers, that one v. ho entered the house m *
preparedly, in the midst of the sjderidor—
‘'barbaric pearl and gold’”—-the dashing eyes
and swarthy countenances, would have star
ted with Surprise at every turn—believing
iiimsclf at a masquerade, or a great eastern
fair. On his left he would encounter Vrinco
jCsterhazy, in a jewelled vert, the shifting
breaking out from beneath the folds of his
outer coat and waistcoat, though adding a
‘more than usual p’ainncss of attire, to avoid
the reproach of scattering diamonds as o
'walked; on his right, the Prince Talleyrand,
■standing alooffrom the crowd like a shadow
escaped from its natural body ; here a cluster
of English lords; lord Lowther, lord Stanhope,
tWo or three cabinet ministers, a score of
baronets, knights and secretaries; there a
considerable number of women, as neaily as
might be of the same ncigbourhood—looking
aa if they were all of one household—saying
nothing—doing nothing. To tell you the
truth, sir,.said the gentleman referred to, it
vas a live pantomime, a walking edition of
<tie Vrabtan Nights. Princes and noblemen
>f highest rank, found themselves they never
knetv how, sitting side by side with the
<laugtcr3 of Israel, their dark hair clustered
v. ifli rough gold and sparkling with gems—,
•or handing them to the table, utter strangers
left 10 entertain one another—no common
language-—no common tonic of conversation
between them. At last,“Mons”eur < 3 s rvi!”
Cried a fellow in magnificent livery dropped
with gokl, passing the word through half a
f=eoTe of military associates. The service
•v as superb—all gold, pure gold, massive and
rich as the proudest ornaments of a kingly
table. The iiangings were of a gorgeous’
crimson silk, falling in heavy folds from the
exiling to the very floor, ponderous with lus
tre; the rooms w ere lighted up, nobody knew
fiow, for half thc light* were invisible. The
desert—the pine apples, grapes, and other
costly fruits, were in golden baskets, depe-.;-,
ited about the sumptuous tables and side
boards, with what appeared like a studied
confusion. The very plates were gold, fine
gold. After dinner there was a French
play hv French actors —the drawing room was
turned into a theatre, as by the touch of a se
cretspring, or a cabalistic word. And after
f.'iis a concert ami a ball!
What is Life ! —There is eloquence of
♦bought as well as of language in the follow
ing paragraph fruit Arnott’s Elements of
Physic :
“The functions by which the animal body
assumes foreign matters from around, and
c onverts-them into its substance, is little in
citing in some of its details—but taken alto
gether is one of the most wonderful subjects
which engage the human at - ntion. It points
■directly to the curious and jet unanswered
■question—to’hat is Life 1 The Student of
.stature may analyze with all his aft those min
tite portions of matter called seeds and ova,
tvliich he knows the rudiments of future crea
tures and the links by which endless
generations of living creatures hang to
existence ; but die cannot disentangle and
display apart their mysterious/,;/l’ 1 that
Bomethig*under ke influence of which
each little germ in duo time, swells out
fn fill an invisible mould of maturity,
V hich determines its forms and proportions.
One such substance thus becomes a beaute
ous rosebush —another a noble oak—a third
an cag!e~*a fourth an elephant—vea, in the
came way, out of the rude materials of broken
*>ecds and roots, and leaves of plants, and bits
of animal flesh, is built up in the human frame
itself, whether of the ace vc male, combining
gracefulness with strength, or of the gentle
woman, with beauty around her as light.—
How passing strange that such should be the
origin of tbc bright human eye, whose glance
pierces as if the invisible soul were shot with
It-—of the lips wjfoch pour fortli sweetest elo
quence—i f the larynx, which, by vibrating,
tills the surrounding air with music ; and more
wonderful than, all of that mass shut up with
in the bony fortress of the skull, whose deli
cate and curious texture is the abode of the
o >ul, with its reason which contemplate?* and
its .sensibility \r inch delights in these ar.d end
iess other miracle* of creation 7”
V’nrt ts Man ?—Originally ifnst—en
gendered in sin—brought forth with sorrow
helpless in infancy—extravagantly wild in
his youth—triad in his munhood—decreped
ir. oge-—his first voice moves pity—his last
.Nature clothe* he ticaat with hair—t!-e
birds with feathers, ami the fishes with scales
—but man is born naked—4tls hands cannot
handle—his feet cannot walk—his tongue
Cannot speak, nor hrs eyes see aright—simple
his thought*—vain his desires—toys his tie
light. As soon as he puts on his distinguish
ing character, he burns it with wild
lire passions—paints it with abominable pride
—tears it with insatiable revenge—-dirt?! it
with avarice, and stains it with hist, Ilis
next state is full of mi serif—teqrs torment
—hopes intoxicate—cares perplex—enemies
1 assault hint—friends betray him—thieves-rob
him —and dangers Waylay him. Ilis last scone
is deplorable—his eyes film—hands feeble—
feet lame—sinews shrunk—bones dry—his
days are full of sorrow—hi? nightsof pain—
-1 his life miserable—his death terrible-—his in
[ fancy is full*ol’ folly—youth of disordor and
I toil—age of Infirmity.
In other words—man is a dunghill blanch
ed with snow—a may game offortunc-*a mark
for malice, a butt for envy—if poor, despised
! —if rich, flattered—if prudent mistrusted —
i if simple derided—his beauty, a flower—his
strength, grass—his wit, a flash—his wis
dom, folly—his judgement, weakness —his
|art, imperfection—his glory, a blaze—bis
time a span—himself, a bubble. 11 is is born
crying, lives laughing, and dies sighing. .So
much far man—Next time I’ll answer that
which I engage even you can t—What is Wo
man 4 M.
A substitute.
In odr respectable Aliiifia System It sol
flier may easily tret clear of military duty by
furnishing a substitute, provided always the
cheat the officers intd a
belief that lie is bona fide the man to whose ;
name he answers. At a late training in this
city, a stout Irishman, just imported, was
■ employed bv a young merchant, of the name
of George Tififiny to appear in the ranks
and answer to his name. The clerk called
the roll—
-1 “John Jenkins!”
“Here!”
“I’eter Pilgarlick!”
“litre!”
“George Tiffany !”
“Here am I, sure’*
Captain. Who are you ?
Teddy. George Stiflany, sure ; aint that the
jantleman vu’er cabin ?
! Cpt. Ycs ; but you’re not the man,
j Teddy. The devil burn me if I aint.
Copt. I>on’t swear, Paddy.
Teddy. My name isn’t Paddy, sir, axin
your lave*
Capt. What then ? ■
7 'eddy. Is it the real truth then you want
, to know ?
Capt. Certainly—l’ll have no lies.
Teddy. Why then to tell you the real
trutii my name is Teddy O’Bogg.
Capt. Well Teddy O’Bogg, you may
shoulder your musket and march.
Teddy. Where shall I march, Captain,
dear ?
Capt. Just where you please. George
Tiffany is the man I want. r
Tvddy- t tell ye, Oaj/ctit*. 1*,., tKc man.
Capt. But you now told me your name
was Teddy O’Bogg.
Teddy. And so I did, sure—and all hat’s
I the rale truth, and no iio at all. The terms
arc snonitnous.
Capt. Snonimous! What’s *!iaf
Teddy. I’m surprised at your ignorance,
Captain. But just tell me, hav’nt ye never a
di Kenary about ve?
Capt. No.
Teddy. That’s very unfortui>ate agin-—for
if ye had a dixenary, ye’d aisily Understand
what l mane—that is to sav that Teddy in
Irish is equivalent jist to George Stiflany in
• the American tongue. Don’t ye understand
, now ?
Capt. I can’t say I do; and therefore, Mr.
Teddy O’Bogg, vou have leave to inarch out
of the ranks.
Teddy. Thank you, captain, there*—but
w ith your lave I wo..t go.
Capt. You wont.
Teddy . No, I wont—always ask in your
lave, becaze, as 1 jist told ye, my name is
Teddy O’Bogg, and Teddy O’Bogg is George
Stiflany—and v.e’ef both one & all the same,
axin your lave agin.
Capt. But you liavn’t my leave, so march
Mr. O’Bogg,
Teddy. It can tbe done.
Capt . Can’t ?
TcJdff. No how in raison, I mane, for I’ll
jist tell you how ’tis,captain, Misther George
Stiflany bought me for all this day, to ansther
to his name, for a. pint of w hiskey and one
dollar lawful money ; and I’m not the boy to
be after deserting my post.
Capt. Corporal, take a file of men and
march Teddy O’Bogg out of the ranks.
Teddy. Shall Ihe one of the file ?
Corp. lou ! flow will you go to work to
march yourself out 1
'Teddy. PH show ye, Corporal, dear. But
in the first place I’d jist observe that Misther
Gem-ge Stiflany may be his ownaelf hereafter,
and behanged to him. With his praffis, gon
tlcmati soldiers and fellow oflisthers, I lave
yc. [Exit whistling a tune.
iY. Y. Constellation.
Frederick, Md. Oct. If).
A friend, upon whose accuracy nnd veraci
ty we havp the most perfect reliance, vouch
es for the truth of tlic following t
THE DEVIL WITH TtVO TAILS
Wc have all heard of Le /liable Fortran j-,
but it was reserved to+liis age. and to the ci
ty rf Frederick, to discover .the devil w ith
two tails. On Thursday night last, a caravan
of wild beast arrived in this place, and put up
at one of the hotels- Among them tiicre
chanced te be a huge elephant, which, being
tool arge to enter any ordinary stable, it was
found necessary to accomodate it in a fcirge
and close carriage house. This, it seems,
had been previously taken possession of as a
lodging fertile night, by a hale two fisted no
gro from the mountain, who Was employed m
hauling timber to the rail-road, and who has
"over seen or perhaps heard of an elephant
before m his life* lie was fust asleep when
his roommate was ushered in, and did not
av.nke until, as was his custom, at the first
-’a'vt of the morning. U< '**ing a m-Ming in
the straw, he turned and looked again, until,
the pupils dilated almost to bursting—
“ Hence, horrible shadoih, -unreal mockery, hence
What could it he! The devil to a certain
ty ! The huge mass moved and approached
him, when lo ! a tail at both ends put all doubts
to flight, and revealed his Santarn’c majesty in
all the terrors of his reputed attributes. With
one despairing spasmodic leap, the affrighted
wagoner rushed against the door—it was kick
ed—and there was no other possible way of
hist escape. Jfe screamed for help? fee groan
ed in agony —Worse than that of Sane ho in
the pi*, whs the predicamcnttifthe miserable
African, lot no kind piaster was within hear
ing to afl’orii him protection. The Devil
with two tails” stood over him, and wrapped
his soft and flexible /firr-tail around his neck
and whisked it in his face—and then “he
grinned horribly a ghastly smile.” In vain
he besought him to have mercy—to spare
him yet a little longer. The Devil with two
; tails heeded no*. Ins supplications—but kept
smeling and feeling him arid brandishing liis
tail, which he now extended anti contracted,
until, in the imagination of the negro, there
was nothing so distant or so near as to be Sc
j cure Viotn it. The louder ;e screamed the
! moro’thc fh'vil felt him. Shrunk up within the
least possible dimensions in a corner of the |
room, lie awaited, in a state of alarm, border- j
ingon distraction, the issue of Ids horr.blej
adventure. The keeper of his tormentor atj
length came to his relief, and released him
from the jaws of the enemy- After his libe
ration, he had a severe chill of several Inittrs
duration, accompanied by a transient ilet-ange
incnt. Having now recovered not only his
health but his courage, lie swears “by ginnyj
lie was not so much skeered at his bigness—
Uit that tarnal tail at each end?”
Qucre —Does not Sambo desefve the pre
mium ofl’ered for the best original tail ?
Phil. Examiner.
I’oreigih
“ The herald of a noisy world."
Warsaw, Aug. lb.
ORDER OF TIIE DAY.
“Head Quarters of Bolimow.
“Soldiers!—Called by the choice of the
nation and your confidence to exercise the
command in chief over you in the sacred
cause of our country, I shared at your head
in all '.lie yrielious privations and dangers to
which you were exposed. Far from ail feel
ing of self-love, l never sought the power
which was confided to me. I accepted it,
and have hitherto exercised it, though I was
sensible that it was accompanied with many
and great difficulties. It was not inv inten
tion to yield to those difficulties, but i was re
solved to be tile first to give the example of,
that perseverance of which we have so much
need in our present situation. A deputation
named by the Diet, found it advantageous for
the good of the country to confide the chief
command of the army to the other hands.—
While I submit with resignation to this su
preme will, I address you, for the last time,
to testify to you the •entile esteem with which
i •■. on,Cw mux bravery vmjr
n. ss, and your zcaT. lour country judges,
by what you have hitherto done, of what it
may expect from you in future. The com
mander whom the representatives of the na
tion have placed over you is already known
to you by his bravery and his resolution
since, by overcoming the greatest difficulties
ho saved your comrade from that destruction
which, fo' a less resolute man, would have
been inevitable. Let us surround him with
the confidence and affection his merits dc
sen e. Implicit obedience, the first Virtue of
a Soldier of every rank, will lib “a powerful
suppott oil our side to the new commander,
and I, who had the hdnor to be at your head,
may now be allowed fo aspire to another, that
of fighting in your ranks and giving you an
example of that discipline which I have hith
erto Acquired from you, and to which I will,
with you, willingly submit. Soldiers! Ictus
always unitetinanimity and obedience with
courage and zeal, and, with God's help Po
land will still use from its ruins.—Poland
for ever!
“The Commandet-i n-Chief of the Armed
National Force, BKRZYNECKI.”
ORDER OF ’THE DAY.
“Head Quarters, BolimoW, Aug. 12.
"Soldieas! —Called by the w ill of the Diet
front your ranks to your head, I take on tne
'this post full of confidoncc and hope. The
exercise of the chief command is not diffi
cult where all ara animated by one feeling,
that of saeiificjng themselves for the deliver
ance of the country. Yes, it will certainly
find it iri your courage and in our persever
ance, whteh is able to conquer every thing.
“Citizens and tjpldiers !■—l have Served
among you during this national war, I there
fore know the spirit that animates you, and
w ill not exhort you to obedience Slid order.
So HMicb only 1 will say, that extraordinary
efforts are required ; only one thought shall
direct all otn* movements, that of renouncing
every thing that men prize most t.ighlv in or
der to secure otir independence. Whatever
these movements may be, (be zeal which in
spires you in battle must riot cool during the
preparation for it. If my military life hither
to, and bringing hack to their families some
thousands of your brethren w hom yon, per
haps already gave tip as lost, can give rnc any
title tc youV confidence, I claim it of you m
the namo of God alid our country! 1 know
that I can only be strong through your
strength, 1 know also the demands of thena
iion and the army, and will not disappoint
your expectations. You shall see me cverv
win re partake in your hardships and dangi vs;
but I must also be allowed to ho]xt that w hen
wc go altogether to the combat, you will do
pent! on me, as Ido bri the Country and on !
you its ddiverahee alone guide&your steps 1
as well as mine. Ect us keep away every
thing that might weaken the moral strength;
of the army, and, free otffsclves, we shall j
leave to our posterity a free country.
“Commander in Chief, ad interim , of the 1
Armed National Force,—ll. DEMBINSKI.”I
"ith respect to the choice ofafutuie]
Command* r-in.Chicf, the votes are divided I
between four persons, Pradzinski, Unriu.-ki, J
Lubfonski,. arid " Imlislaus Zarn^skE
MACON.
1 ■ ,
.* n •.' % v v,\\ ;i> •; Vi!;.••%//'//. /y -
*.. ••■ 1 ■ ■’■ •
I'tnNtlay, .Yot . 5,1831.
i'clfan
Continues to come in freely, and commands our
rerent quotations—which are from 7 to 7 1-8 for
prime; choice n bought at 7 1-3.
Af 01.0 GY.
In our next paper, we will be enabled lo toll
oUr readers additional news from Alilledgeville —
What the Tariff Canventitvi has done —and the
most interesting items. Neither of the latter are
of primary importance, or Of as great interest as
our Legislative affairs.
FROM OCR CORRESPONDENT
Jit IHillw^cvillc,
Dated, “Nov. 7, (Evcidr.g) 1831.
“ I hasten tocommunieate the following cheer
ing intelligence.
“ This day, the annual session of the Gcfiieral
Assembly pf Georgia commenced its delibera
tions. There was an unusual attendance of mem
bers ; only one Senator being abs<nt, and 1 be
lieve, but five Representatives. This is a strong
indication iff the interest which the ensuing ses
sion has ox Cited.
Both Houses were organised about 11 o’clock,
when they proceeded to the election of their offi
cers, which resulted as follows .
For President of Senate.
Stocks, 38
\Vooteu 37—1
Cor Secretary of Senate.
Harris, 33
Ciithbert, 38—1
Brown, door-kerpet—Darnell, messenger.
For Speaker /louse of 11 enresen t aft res.
Hull, 70
Bites CB
Clerk.
Dawson, 89
Julian, 4o—lo
IToltzclaw, messenger—Stapleton, ilpor-keeper.
f ”us Din !—This triumphant, result., shows c\
w’hat materials our present Legislature is com
posed. They are really true blue.
Suck'wits Iho discomfiture of live Lumpk'inites,
after the ylectioas, that you cotild see them W ith
faeds as longitudinal as Dominie Sampson’s—
mentally ejaculating, “ Pro-di-gi-ovs !”
• H 1 tlie Senate* we have_a.maLio!rit>'two and
in the House, of about twenty. This will be
mi efibctual curb to the propensities of our adver
saries, and puts the rule of state, in the hands of
the it> ijority, delegated by the people.
With the double view of influencing Some
’urge electioneering bets, ar.d probably of effect
ing the past and approaching Legislative, elec
tions, seme reports were circulated by the apposi
tion, for the purpose of prematurely elicitingfrom
f!ie Executive, official information, in relation to
the returns of the lale general elections for mem
bers to the Legislature. Tire gentlemen, how
ever, in their zeal for the public good, oversl. t
their mark. Their letters (o Governor Gilmer,
on the subject, passed unnoticed—they were trea
ted with silent indifference.
On Saturday- last, we had one of the most far
cical exhibitions ever performed upon this Metro
politan arena. It being understood that \ir. Wil
son Lumpkin-, Member of Congress, and Governor
eket, was approaching la grand Capital, a party of
his friends, “ armed and equipped j according” to
the laws of devotion to his powers, sallied out to
meet him, nnd, with “ solemn steps and slow,”
escorted him into the of his future renow-n.
Our fellow-citizen, George M. Troup, is here,
enjoying the unfeigned gratulations of his friends
I and admirers. These, he receives with aiiabili
jty and much heart-felt satisfaction. He appears
to be in delicate health.
Millcdgeville is all bustle confusion and ani
mation. It is said that there is a larger number of
visitors present, than at any former session. Evc
' ry part of the state, it appears, has sent its quota,
not forgetting Belles and Dandi-zones, Beau and
Dandies, who, in their gay prel.ienades, you
would imagine, were chauntiug the old air of
“ I'iiie times,” &c.
SS I*
We have received Governor Gilmer’s message to
the Legislature, and by most laborious exertions
have succeeded in presenting it to our rcadcr.i,
THIS EVENINC 7, inar.iicipatioii of our to-mor
row morning’s paper. Not expecting it quite-so
soon, we had prepared our usual quantity and va
riety of matter, and which we have laid over for
ourneXt. Like “ Revolutionary Relics,” it will
not spoil from keeping. When we have leisure,
! [when will that be !j we desire to make our re
spects to the message : Here it is.
'lVesAav, Nov. 8, 1831.
Turs DAY, at 19 o’clock, the Governor
transmitted to bob’ branches of the Legisla
ture, the following
Kxrmivi: Dm itrtrr, C!\. J
Milledgerillc, Nor. 8, 1831. k
In obedience to official duty, 1 proceed to
lay before yon an account of the transactions
of the Iv-.ec.uti e branch of the Govcrmncnt,
during the past year, and to recon ime ml lor
your consideration* such measures as'arc
deemed beneficial to the State.
I lie resolutions which wore passed imme
diately previous to the adjournment of your
last session, upon the snhjcct of the citation
ol the Chief Justice of the United States,!
were carried into effect- The Indian Tassels I
paid the forfeit of ins, life according to the
demand of the knv, which li had violated.—
A writ of error to stay the proceedings of tin
Superior court in that case had lfcen sanc
tioned by tiro Chief Justice, and like the
citation to the Governor, sent through the
Post Office to the officer, whose conduct it
was intended to control, thereby cvincii'. the
disposition not only to disregard the Highest
powers tif the State, hut to trifle with its of
ficers, by attempting to deter them from the
discJtiMge of what was necessarily a very re
sponsible ami painful duty.
Within a few days alter ifie execution of
Tassels, a letter was received from John Rosr,
jn which he states, that the Cherokccs were
about to apply to the Supreme Court of Uni
ted States, for an injunction to restrain tfio
State from exercising jurisdiction over them.
This letter was nccompanied by a printed pa
per without signature, purporting to he a bill
in equity brought by the Cherokee nation a
gainst the State of Georgia.
In a previous message to the Legislature,
I had expressed the opinion that the State
could not consistently with a proper respect
for its own sovereign rights, become a party
befitee any court for the determination of the
question, whether it had tiff power of subject
ing the people Who reside, within its ac
knowledged limits* to the Operation of its laws.
That opinion having remained unchanged-, no
official notice was taken of this proceeding.—
The Suprtmd Court however took jurisdic
tion of the case, but finally dismissed it upon
the ground that the Chcrokces wero not a
foreign nation.
In making this decision, the court thought I
pr 6; er to depart from the discussion of the
particular point before it, to express opinions j
exceedingly disrespectful to this State, inju-j
rious to its rights..calculated to thwart the
policy of the General Government, and to ■
keep alive the excitement which has arisCn j
out of the conduct of cur I fid An affairs.
The court affirms, that ho caee could be
better Calculated to excite its sympathy, than \
the conduct of Georgia to the Chcrokces; that j
they have been cOnfinualiy deprived of their j
lands, until they at present retain no morel
than is necessary for their comfortable sub
sistence ; that they form a .State capable of
governing thenideives; that the acts of the'
government recognize them to he a State;l
and that the courts are bound by those acts, |
that they h.' vc the unquestionable a id hither- j
to unquestioned right to the lands which they j
occupy, and inornate to them that it will re
dress their wrongs when the application is ;
made in proper form.
Permit me to call your attention briefly to]
these several statements of tile court.
And what wrong has Georgia done to its!
Indian people, to call for this extraordinary
.sympathy of the Court l They arc in the pea
ceable possession of the ir occupant l ights. In-!
traders have hr on removed from among them
by severe penal laws. Noncof the burdens of
government have been imposed upon them.— i
Instead of being reduced to a remnant of land :
not more than sufficient for their comfortable 1
subsistence, they are in tke possession of near!
five millions of acres in this State alone, of
which the aborigines do not cultivate more
.l.in C. > tlwiv-limit ,TW MU -i
mg more and moro destitute. Not however,
from want of land, hut because their station is
unsuitable for the imprSvemen* and happiness
of an Indian .people.
Is it true that tiic Oberokees liave an un
questionable and hitherto unquestioned rifoit
to the lands which they occupy ! These Ends
j form portions of the territory of the States of
! North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama ai.d
| Georgia. That portion which is in Tcnncs
| see was ceded by North Carolina to the Uni-
I ted States, upon the express condition, that it
| .should form a common fund for the benefit of
| the Union, and be applied to the payment of
! the public debt. That portion which is in
I Alabama, was sold to the United States by
tms State, lor a valuable consideration, mid
before any attempt had been made to extin
guish the title of the Indians, or to exercise
jurisdiction over them. In consequence of
which sale it was made a condition of the ad
mission of the State of Alabama into the
; Union, that it should disclaim al! title to the
; Indian lands within its limits, the United
i States declaring by law that it had the sole
j and exclusive power to dispose of them.
j t he 1 luted States has ackno-.vledgcd that this
State has both the right ol sn ; ! and jurisdic
tion over that portion which is within its
limits.
It is difficult loconceive of any proposition
tending to more übsur-l consequences, than
that laid down by the court, that any Indian
. tube with w Inch the IJtiitCd States forms con
j tracts, to which the term treaty may be affix
;i and, becomes a nation, capable ol governing
; itself, and entitled to the recognition of the
I courts, as States. t would bring into being
hundreds of States, utterly incapable of .self
defence, or exercising one attribute of Na
tional Sovereignty. If the opinion of the
court be correct, then all the territory which
was acquired by the original thirteen provin
cial govcrnni'-nts of various Indian tribes, is
j ct the property of the aborigines,- because (lie
treaties by which it was obtained Were inva
lid, net having been made by the'King of
| Great Britain, who alone had the power of
i entering into national compact.-*.
Another difficulty equally embarrassing,
1 " 0!| hl out of ovr relations with (lie
Chcrokees themselves.- A few years ago,
the United States removed a portion of that
tribe to the West of the Mississippi, and pla
ced them upon the public land, and have
since made several treaties with them. Which
is nor. the ( hcrokce natron, the Indians who
reside on the lands of the United S'ates, or!
those wiflirn Georgia ? But whatever obliga !
nous the United Slates may have incurred by |
its contracts with the ( Terokecs, it has no
constitutional authority to limit or in nnvi
manner alter the territorial rights, which le
longed to ft*Stale, when it became a morn-!
ber ol the Union.
Upon no subject has there been more mis-!
representation than in relation to the govern
ment oi the Chcrokees, and the civilization
of the people of that tribe. Upon exa.nina
tion it will l,e found that the aboriginal people
are as ignorant, thoughtless and improvident
a* formerly, without any of the spirit and char
acter which distinguished them when war'
was their employment, and their support dr. |J
rived from the forest. *j
this State, with the excejition of one i
nave acquired property, or beer,at all O’
edhy tfio improvements which have i
made by others among them • Ti
Cliicf, the President of th c “J
Jiidges, Marshal and Sheriffs, and most
persons concerned in the udmiiiiir-,e
the Gov- Tiiincut are the
ropeans, and many of them citizens of .r
and thc adjoining State,,: and that the 1
dians instead of living under their ovn s i U '
usages and customs, have been compell!?'
cuhmit toa system oflawsand police uY -
unsuited to their condition. ’
Immediately after the law was m, SS( t.
thonzing the formation of a <pu ui -j f l '
mounted men were organized under t’iu.
rectum of active and intelligent commander
and stationed within the territory occunfi i '
the Chcrokces, with orders to pS n
passes upon the Gold Mines, to suppress a
authority of the Indian Chiefs, and to ream
all white men from among the Chera!
who did not obtain licenses to confirm*if-’
residence as required by law. ThisX
been pefartned in a manner which has tJ\Z
cd great credit on the guard and
ders, and rendered the most essential sc
1° the State, i lie difficulty of removimr
less pen sons from tlip mines, proved e '
greater than had been at first anticipated -t
' as o,ll y overcome by the use of the VT
vigorour measures. The .Mim., are \
situated so iar apart from each oilier ih a t •
has been found impossible to prever ocr' 1
s- .nal trespasses upon them, 'j |,; B ca „ j'
be prevented by having them worked uJ r
the authority of State;
An iinexp'fftfeti difficulty has been placed
m the way bf an efficient protection of
niine.Sj by tffe dejj.sior winch” has l, #c „ lately
made by the Judge of the Western circrt
that thc law which renders it penal for In
(bans to dig for gold is unconstitutional 1
having been made thc special duty of the
Governor, to take possession of the* mines
and to defend tlitun from trespass, and fi
ivg no doubt about (Ik; constitutionality
thc law, 1 considered ihyseif Compelled to
ooey its requirements. Orders were accord
ingly given to the guard, to arrest all n c ,
sous wlm nuglil attempt to dig for 4l(
leaving it to tile judiciary officers fo coum L
or discharge as they might think prop,
These orders have as yet prevented intri.
sions. flu’ ? will not however continue to'
thc case, if it should be ascertained that ti.
law may be violated with impunity. Then
is also reason to appreiiend, that the decisin
ofthe court has thrown an almost insupcrqhi
obstacle in thc Way bf the efforts, which ar
now makirfg by the United States, to indue
the CherokccS to emigrate.
()t the white inert tvho have been residing
among the Clicrekco, two hundred and tlirci
have taken the oath to support the Consuto
lion and laws of the State* and received!,
censes to continue th-dr residence. A mx
obstinate aiid perversfe opposition lias heci
made to the authority ofthe State, bv errte:
persons rrprsenting themselves to he re.fi
gioes Missionaries, end particularly tbos
•who have anted under thc direction oftiif
—P j irT . I.J |) . ij
though some sectarian zeal was for the .1,
ment exened through various misrepresent!!
tions of the conduct of the government io
wards (lu sh then, it soon passed away, jvki
it was discovered that thev had been as af
t hxdy opposed to the policy of the Gcncri;
Goveinnieht, as to the enforcement of tin
laws of Georgia ; that they Lad been treate
with great forbearance; and that they wet.
the mere instruments in the hands ofothtr
of promoting aiid extending party sirifo.
is an honorable distinction that belongs <
our country, that its citizens are neitlicrp
scribed tor their refigibus opinions, norp
tented by them from punishment for air
Twelve persons hare been convicted for i!!i
gal residence, and sentenced to conlinemii
in the Penitentiary. They have, ail lied
pardoned upon the condition that they tyou.
not again offend against the laws, except tu
‘ of the agents of the Boston Board, w fio iefe
ed to be (lie subjects of Executive clcinenc
upor, such terms.
The enforcement of the Cherokee laws,la
been completely suppressed within tf.
Strte. No disposition has heitever be!
evinced an the part of the Indians, to Ijccoa
members of our community. 'J’he ntass o
the people are indeed not prepared for it, auj
would no doubt have long since accepted ti:l
offers of the United States Govern..it J, ‘
give thorn possession of a territory to till
" es f the Mississippi, in cxcliang fo
their firesent occupant rights, hut for th<
controlling influence of a class among tien
almost exclusively made up of the descent
ants of the whites; anil even that class vuk!
perhaps before this time have consented t
remove, but for the support and encounjc
ment which they have received from differ
erff parts of our country, and tha iniportanci
w hicli tin ir leaders have acquired, by bfo
marie the instruments of exciting t lie people ll
oppose the measures of their GovcrmncU
and directing popular resentment again
those who administer if. ThcStusc owes ;
to i tself, to put an end to tfiis state of tilings
so far as it can lie done consistently with f
-of the aborigines.
Eor this purpose I would specially recoa
mend, that you pass laws requiring under ot.
equate penalties, all the Chcrokees wlioha;
received reservations in fee, or been paid k
their improvements arid who have again ec
tied upon the lands occupied by the tril
within this State, to remove therefrem.
'1 ho law for surveying the Cherokee T
ritory, into sections and districts, has he
executed without difficulty. Onp of the W
veyors (Bchj. 11. Sfurgcsj) failed to perfon
ic duty assigned him. Ilis bond rinim"
to be sued upon for the return of the pub 1
money, which he received and has not"
counted for.
'l’lie Territory surveyed has bran off®
ized-by the election of two Justices of to
Peace and two Constables in each Section-"
1 lirsc means however arc entirely inad
quale for the execution of thb laws, or th
preservation of drier. TliO formation of
county to be composed df al! the Tcrritor
occupied by the Chcrokees within the
and which now forms parts of the Counties <
Carroll, Dekalb, Gwinreff, 11,-ill and H -