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t■v ’ ■ jXi.il J'lAj J i. JiS J’i A.! iT.Tit'S *
■ er l,apsa necessary measure tSgive
dtanU' 1 tot j, e of the ivdopieand
' those of the Cliero
:,r,“ f'io inav otherwise disregard the au
the Government
\(reiit who was appointee to rent the
ions r linquished ly Indian Emigrants
performed that sendee. According to
is report the number of the Lessees are
six and the rent contracted to he paid
year seven thousand six hundred and
attempt to remove the Chorokecs du
t the pendency of their application to the
"Ltne Court, was considered useless.-
Zopimons expressed by the Court ... mak
' iH decision, and the use wine,, was
iade of them, rendered it highly nnproba
j(c that the General Government could treat
■ucccssfully with the Chiefs. From infer
nation derived from various sources 1 was
■ on vincod that the Cherokeos could not un
ler existing circumstances he r emoved cx
t'ly individuals and families. Letters
ore accordingly addressed to the r esident
md Secretary of War, urging the adoption
if this plan, and thc-right of the State to have
Indians removed from within its limits
idcyiendentlv of the success or propriety of
ho General policy of the United States, as an
xt „f justice arising from the contract of
J You "'ill perceive in the President’s
answer, his strong desire to gratify the wishes
i 1 tiie State. Through some oversight in
"I War Department, the necessary ifistruc-
were not made out for opening the ofii
rfs of emigration, until tlie pre ent distin
r/iiislied head of that Department came into
ifee. Yen will find in the papers which
jrc i a id before you, the fullest evidence that
•he President is now using all the means
laced at his command to induce the Ciiero
feespeaceably to relinquish their occujiant
rights. There-is little doubt but that success
mil be the result of hi% rv nsiires ifsuppor
te.lin the proper manner by the authorities
ofthis State. Permit me particularly to rc
nsimern!, that you pass resolutions author
iziigthe President to grant reservations in
f, of such quantities of land, as may be nm
p’r sufficient fot their support, to all the
dirrokees who are actual cultivators of the
fil to any extent, Utid who n.-.y desire to re
itiin within the State and subject to its laws,
non consideration tints the United States
Government will pay to the State a reasonable
citation therefor.
Tiie law* v, inch was passed at your last scs
wn, for the survey and distribution of the
Oierokee lands, was not to be carried into ef
fect until the title of the Chorokecs was ex
tinguished by the President, or until further
legislation. As the Indian title has not as
yet been extinguished, it will be necessary
tor you to determine whether any, or what
tnrtlc r legislation shell be had upon this sub
ject. Permit me most resjk ctfulfy to ex
press the opinion, that the condition upon
'vliicli that law was to go into Operation,
wight not to be repealed. If it should, and
■he Cherokee lands distributed according to
its provisions, the effect would be, to de
prive our hid'an population entirely of their
possessions without their consent and with
ant any equivalent. The ehaiacter of the
‘ *>j. Lw. txlot l#i tub TAIi-tU.i, iVk ( . . .i r._
opinion, and the rights of the Indians,
forbid that so gross nil act of injustice should
be committed.
Although the right? of soil and jurisdiction
arc'attributes of sovereignty which belonged
tv) iho State when it became independent,
flnd with which it has never parted, and in
tint exercise of which it cannot be constitu
tion •illy controlled by the United States, it
, doe? not follow that those rigliis authorize
tic State to plac the Indians beyond its pro
tection, or to take from them their posses
sions, to be distribuetd exclusively among
mother portion offts population.
•< npies ol Resolutions passed by the Lc
si.-itt tires of several of the States, upon sub
lets of general concern, arc laid before you.
our attention is particularly called to those
, lrom Massachusetts and Connectiout, charg
;-'this State with the design nfdissolving
, :I ' Inion, because of its expressed determi
nation not to permit the Supreiqe Court to
control l its jurisdiction over crimes commu
t’d within its limits. It is much to he. rc
gietted that the prejudices and unfriendly
j'‘ ii n s which have already been excited
.-;nong the people ofdufercnt sections of our
o'ir.try, by jarring and local interests, should
f ' ,in bittcrcd by unnecessary intermeddling
< ■ one State w ith tiie affairs of another. In
‘i.it Georgia has done, and what MassacUu
■b-! and Connecticut condemn, others have
wi. perceived the fixed resolve of the State
t !> constitutional rights. Georgia
,ias claimed no rig-lit to nullify (in the yerbi
■' <J ‘ ,! >e day) the Acts of the General Gov
ernment, rod only cleni.\ncls an exemption
r 0- aiu riiptsto control its authority w hilst
upon such subjects as arc within
tt?exclusive jurisdiction.
ta the month of May last, *hc whole of the
at nor buildings 0 f the Penitentiary were
atMiaied by fhv.toget’vr with a largo qmui
v'■ V l,s!w ‘uu;-tcl!ired articles and raw ma-
Tlic Ouariby the assistance of tiic
tjfthi:; place and the officers of tlie
weie enabled to prevent the cs
‘T <>r lc Convicts. They were lm
titat,.ly o’nploycd hy the direction of the
n '||eetor in preparing temporary prisons and
li -v shops, in removing tlm walls and rub-1
( a o| the destroyed buildings, and in aid- ;
y m the erection of cells for solitary eon
- finent. In consequence of this nppli'ea
of the labor of the convicts and the loss
I ■ l -s' materials whichtiad been prepared for
•;™t.ictiiro am! which could not bo readily
, ''i 1 '• and, the amount of sales during t!:c pnst
(•Y, ir . UC k* ;0a very small and wholly iusn(fi
' n to support tin institution. Seventy j
r , *° l solitutary confinement, have I
r. H 1 -ontpleted. They are construe-1
_ rnr>st durable materials, and in |
r,i:i, . in ' r us effectually to prevent tl, j
nrl. n, , ? ,P -'' l, ’ on d;e prisoners with each j
lr( ' r ’ t ,f ’irescape,and all future risk from I
finw >?l . 1 ' n,, 'cations of pnbiic opinion in va
• tiic State,since the destruction
, -undjugs of the Penit' .tinrv, (h re is
. * u “ t that an effort will he made du
"’ ™ present session, to abandon the svs
I The well being of our comtiuiiufy is deeply
cqnccnicd in the course which you may pur
sue. The Penitentiary has as \ M been en
enuntering the ‘difficulties which are notes
swily attendant upon ait great and note! un
dertakings. Its officers have been unexpe
rienced, the buildings unfit for p-' purposes
for which they w ere designed, and its entire
police exceedingly defective. Instead of be
ing fostered as ■ favourable restitution by the
.State, it Ins. met with constant opposition. It
ought not therefore to be matter of surprise,
thn it has not prodneml the entire good ef
fects that were anticipated from it. The
question for your determination should not be
whethe r von will abandon the Penitentiary,on
account oi its present defects, but whether it
cannot be so improved as to prevent the coin
mission of crimes with more certainty than
public whipping, pillory, branding, imprison
ment in the common jails and hanging.
It is objected to the Penitentiary that it has
been a continued expense to the State.’ Ad
mitting tiiis to be true, ought the expenditure
of a few thousand dollars annually to be a
matter of any consideration to the Legislature
in adopting the best means of preserving the
reputation, lives, property and personal liber
ty of every member of the community, from
the lawless attaeksol the vicious and the vio
lent ? Front the result of the alterations
which were made in the government of the
Penitentiary three years ago, and what lias
been effected in similar institutions in other
states, it is confidently believed tiiat this ob
jection may be removed altogether.
It lias also been urged against the Peniten
tiary, that it has not succeeded in reforming
convicts. It may well be doubted whether
human institutions can efi’ect much in trans
forming vicious into virtuous men. But what
ever might be effected in reforming convicts,
we have had no reason to expect any such con
sequence from our Penitentiary, because un
til the appropriation for building cells for so
litary confinement, iis manner of punishment
was only calculated to corrupt and de
grade them. All classes have been put toge
ther in the same rooms at night, .-.duo effi
cient restraints placed upon their intercourse
during the day. The great advantage of the
Penitentiary System consists in its withdraw
ing from the community for a length of time
its most vicious nu mbers, and so operating
upon the imagination and fears of bad men,
by its peculiar form of punishment, as to pre
vent the actual commission of crimes. The
habit of idleness and improper associations
produce most of tiie offence* against society.
It is therefore, that constant compulsoiy la-
I hour and entire seejusion from all intercourse
wifTi others, is the most dreadful as well as
■the most effectual punish nhnt. When if is
■ considered that no State has ever abandoned
■ this mode of puninhmer*, that it has been
greatly improved of late years in many of the
Institutions ot other States; tiiat in some of
them large profits have been realized from
11lie labour of the convicts ; and Gbat in others
| scarcely any instances occur of second com
mitments; is it not reasonable to ascribe the
| failure ol the Penitentiary in this-.fate,ratlier
to the defective manner in which it has been
managed, than to the imperfection ofthe sys
tem itself? Is it not due to our character for
i 1 r ~ , ? -.'Mwi-ig* n/v nf t.,-.n,Lu
I a frm and fair experiment before it i kJuio
j doned ? Ought we te throw away all the va
! lueable experience which we Imre acquired,
i and the large amount of capital which has
■ been expended, .• about a thorough convic
| tion that if cannot be rendered useful ? En
tertaining these opinions, I fey! it my duty
most earnestly and respectfully to recommend
that the Penitentiary be rebuilt according
to the most approved model, that the
number of cells for solitary confinement,
■ wliich have been directed to be built be com
pleted ; and that the necessary laws for ren
dering its police effective be passed. In ad
dition to the appropriation which will be re-!
quirod for this purpose,-a further sum will hr 1
wanting for the purchase of materials for ma
nufacture and the immediate support f the
Institution.
The bill which was passed at your last ses
sion to regulate the internal police ofthe Pen
itentiary, was considered unconstitutional,
and therefore not signed. The reasons for
withholding my signature, together with co-J
pics ofthe hill, accompany this message.
The members ofthe Guard of the Peniten
tiary are gt present under no controul, bc
cousc the law which directs the manner of;
their punishment cannot be enforced.. I
would therefore recommend that you dofne
specifically vhat acts ofthe members of the j
Guard, as such, shall be made criminal, affix
to theyn their proper punishment, and subject j
them to the jurisdiction of the Superior court, j
The resolutions which passed at your last j
session authorizing me to appoint a Board to j
be composed of three officers, whose duty it j
should belo review the Militia La vs, and re
commend such alterations as they might con- J
sider necessary to establish a correct system, j
bv some inadvertence failed to receive tin !
signatures of the ><liccrs of the House of Rep
resentatives, ami could not there fore be car- i
tied into effect.
The returns ofthe Brigade Inspectors and j
reports from other offie rs show, that flic mi- j
lUiu is in a state of disorganization through- j
out the State. The prevalence of the opin- 1
ion that up effective discipline can be acquir-j
ed in time of pence, from militia trainings,!
has created among tiie people such an indis-!
position to inibmit to the requirements of the j
present laws, as to render it very doubtfulj
whetherany additional enactments could he
enforced. 1 would therefore suggest for your
consideration whether, instead of devising
new plans for improving and enforcing disci
pline, good policy does ngt require the repeal j
of the provisions which experience has shewn
cannot he executed beneficially, particularly
their present harassing and useless penalties,
and that the whole system he rendered as
simple and as easily executed as possible.—
An enrollment of all persons able .to bear arms
with an annual review in gac’i county, would
it is believed answer nil the purposes of a mi
litia system in time <T peace, ami especially
if additional encouragement should he given
to tiic formation of volunteer corps. It is
not intended by this recommendation to im
pugn the truth oftlie maxim, that tho militia
of this country form its surest defence. The
J o;!h nfg’e.t irihxim doe? not dope ad upon tho
j siiperi(>r,d;sciplino*u hie.h the militia can by
any training acquire over regular troops, but
die persevering Spirit ana patriotism with
which the citizens of a government who fcn
joy tiie advantages of civil and political liber
ty, will always defend their rights. The ques
tion which is presented to von is, whether the
burdens of the present militia system when
considered in connection with its inelficien
„cy, does not detract more from the value of
our privileges, than any knowledge of the art
of war it communicates, adds to their secu
rity. . . „
I feel it ray dutwtoeal! yoiir attention spe
cially to the necessity of reforming the con
stitution, by equalizing the representation of
the people, and reducing tea number of the
members of the Legislature, bn theory all
admit that the people are entitled to a ge
neral equality of political power, as the surest
means of securing to every one an equality
c.f civil rights. Front the acquisition of ad
ditional territory, and the division of the ori
ginal counties, the rule of representation fix
ed by the constitution, has become so une
qual tiiat one third of the people are now in
tiie enjoyment, through their representatives,
of an equal power in the government of the
State, to the otbe r two thirds. Most of the
counties which have thus acquired an undue
proportion of power, are in the same section
of the state, which, from its climate and soil,
must always be sparsely populated, so that the
inequality of representation which exists at
present, must continue to increase. It is true
tiiat no very injurious consequences have, as
yet, proceeded from this inequality, because
it has been brought about gradually, and has
not until very latdly been the subject of pub
lic attic ition and interest. Factions, sec
tional jealousies, partial laws, and the une
qual distribution ofthe public, funds, must re-!
suit from the present state of things, if thn mi- 1
nority ■ continue to oppose with success the j
expressed will of the people for the restora
tion of the constitution to its true principles*
The- public gdbd therefore requires tiiat an al
teration should ne effected as soon as possible.
According to the constitution at the time of
its formation, the Senate was composed of
twenty-four members and the House of Rep
resentatives of sixty-two. At present the
Senate has seventy-eight members and the
the House one hundred and fortywo. Tffc
consequences of this change have been an in
creased expenditure for the snpport of the
government, numerous locdl and private laws
and an uncertain and varying policy in the
conduct of public affairs. It is specially ne
cessary thaj tire present organization of the
Senate should be so altered as to reduce* the
number of its members to what it was origi
nally, and thereby make that body an effici
ent check upon useless and improvident legis
lation, and destroy the united action which
now takes place between the Senator and
Representatives of tlie counties, and pro
duces our vast superfluity of 100--! and private
laws. If two-thirds ofthe Legislature cannot
be induced to vote for an ninendioont of the
constitution, accord big to the expressed will
|of the people upon tfiis subject, i would rc
[ commend that it bo referred to the people
themselves, and that resolutions be passed
advising them to elect members to a eonven
■ trevi) fr\T tit lit |Rfi jßg'Ci
■ The < ♦!,„ t’nitf'd Sl.'itos Having
I failed at its last sesssiou to accept the terms
■ proposed by the Legislature for the ascertain
ment of the' dividing line between this State
and tire territory of I proceeded to
cauacrthat line to Ire run by two commission
ers, an artest and surveyor, as directed by
your resolutions. The IVesidcnt was inform
ed ol the time and place of their, meeting to
enter upon the discharge of this duty, and in
answer stater! his intention of laying the sub
ject before Congress at its next session.
'The Commissioners after the most accurate
examination of the different streams' which
form the River St. Mary’s, and. tfie surround
ing country, came to the conclusion upon
evidence which is believed to lc perfectly
satisfactory, that the head of the St. Mary s,
as defined in the treaty of 1795, was to be
found at the source of its middle or Western
branch, that stream being longer, having
more \vsfer and agreeing better with contem
poraneous opinion than either of its Iwancltc.-,.
Tiie quantity of land between-the line run by
the Commissioners and that front the junction
of the Chattahoochie and Flint rivers, to the
1 lace designated by Ellicott, and the Spanish
Commissioners, for the head ofthe St. Ma
ry’s, is one million, three hundred thousand
acres. Most of it is exceedingly sterile, but
intersected occasionally with, tracts of very
productive soil. Much of that which is valu
able lias been already sold and granted by the
United States. It will therefore be nccessa
ry for you to have the title tried, and : o direct
the manner in which the territory is to be dis
posed of, if the determination shall be in fa
vor of the State.
You are referred to the reports of the Su
perintendents for an account f ihe ex
tent of road which has been made by
the public hands. The xpenditutes of the
superintendents for the three first quarters of
the present year have amounted <0 the suit} I
of 817,518 60. It is estimated, that the an-i
nual appropriation of 820,000 will prove de-j
ficient by tiie snnt of 83000. This defieiun j
cy should he supplied as soon as possible.
This state has as yet made no exertions to
profit by the great improvements which have
been lately made in the means of transporta
tion, Considerable interest has been mani-j
tested by the people during the past year up
on this subject, which it is hoped, will load j
to some practical and beneficial result.
1 would recommend to your favorable con
sideration, a communication which lias been
received from a citizen of Hull county, a copy
of which accompanies this message, giving a
detailed statement of the |>c< sent difficulties
which cits*met the navigation of the upper
parcof theChatfahoochic river, an estimate of
‘•lie expenses of removing them, and the ad
vantages that would result therefrom. With
out adopting entirely the views contained in
that communication, I would observe that the
productions of that portion of the which
is situated upon the head waters of the Sa-,
vafinalf and < 'hattahoochie rivers, consist of
■corn, wheat, tobacco, iron and liine, all hea
vy articles, which lose a large portion of their
value from the great cost of carrying them to
market, and cannot therefore be made to add
their proper proportion to the wealth oT the
fate, or offer the full reward for industry, un
til the present means o‘ - transportation are im
proved.
During the last summer, the Creek Indi
ans on the borders of this State, became in
licted with the Small l’ox. The Croat a
larin which was excited among the people
lest the contagion should extend to them,
was increased from the circumstance that the
Indians were at that time in a starving con
dition, and pressing into our limits, particu
larly tin: town of Columbus, to procure the
nipans of subsistence. Various quarantine
regulations were adopted by the authorities
of that town, to prevent all intercourse be
tween its inhabitants and the -persons Who
were diseased or had been exposed to con
tagion. These proceedings were sanctioned
by this Department, ns were similar proceed
ings adopted by the Justices of the Inferior
Court of Troup county. The c-xpense* in
curred have amounted to the sum of tjj>9o4,
46. Copies of idl the papers upon this sub
ject, are herewith communicated. The laws
for the regulation of quarantine, and to pre
vent the spreading of the contagious diseas
es, are so indefinite that it was found exceed
ingly difficult to determine what duty they
imposed upon this Department.
The liberality of the Legislature in nd
dingtq the ertdowmnent of the College, has
enabled the Trustees to rej - ice the building
which was destroyed during the last year,
contract for the erection of a chapel sufficient
for the accommodation of tlje numerous v isi
tors, who attend the annual College com
mencements, create two additional Profes
sorships, and fill one which was vacant. —
There is every reason to hope that the State
will Ire amply repaid for the support which it
has thus given to its principal seminary of
learning, in the improved capacity of its
young men to serve the public faithfully and
with ability.
'The Trustee* have been very much embar
rassed fry the legal requirement that they
should board and educate at the College one
poor youth from each county, on account of
the failure of the Legislature to provide the
necessary funds for that purpose.
The Academic and Poor school funds con
tinue to be paid away from the Trcvsury,
. without any security that they will be nppli
jed properly to effect the object, for which
j they are appropriated. Indeed we appear to
j have been expending the public monet more
; with the view of expressing our conviction of
! the importance of education, to a free people,
than of actually securing its advantages.—
We have been paying sums to academes that
have only an ideal existence, and for the ed
ucation of th--poor, where such .a class can
scarcely be said to exist, and when all re
quire its advantages. The annual reports of
j the Trustees of tltesc funds prove that t hey
j have rendered no public benefit, at all, tquiv
j alent to the amount which has been expen
ded, notwithstanding that there have been
particular instances of tire very useful appli
! cation of both. It may well be doubted
i whether the present plan of appropriating
’ t!*e public funds to the purposes ol'education
! isr ot radical!? defective. If the people are
lo be educated at tire public -expense, -ought
pri_mnry-tw‘luio!s: **ji<llvn OYf*.
jry district and made common to all the chil
i dren ofthe State.
The laws upon several subjects of ge
neral interest have become so multiplied
and in some instances so contradictory
■ in their provisions, as to render a careful
revisal of them exceedingly necessary.
I would call your attention particularly
to the delects of our election laws. Of
j the thousands of election returns annttal
i ly received at this Department, scarcely
i one is made in exact conformity with the
law. There has been one hundred laws
passed upon this subject, during the last
six years, each varying in its provisions
from the other, without any conceivable
object. Perhaps the multiplicity and
contrariety* of their enactments, cannot
he more strikingly exempted than from
fact, that eighteen different degrees
of punishment were prescribed for the
same offence in the laws passed at one
session ; and that by Ihc law of the last
session directing the election of survey
! ors in each county to survey the Chero
kee territory, the superintendents were
directed to make their returns under their
“hands and seals,” and that in the se
venty-six returns which have been receiv
ed, the law has not been complied within
a.singlo instance. The duty of this De
partment in determining upon the legali
ty of elections, is thus rendered exceed
ingly laborious and difficult. If no com
missions arc signed except niton the evi
dence that elections are held in strict con
formity with law, the counties will he
without rtftleers, and if a different course
is pursued the law becomes nugatory.—
The best remedy for these difficulties
Would seem to he the substitution of one
gencrallaw of simple and explicit reqtiit e
ments. for all that are now in force upon
tiiis subject.
In compliance with a request of the
Legislature, I addressed a letter to the
Stockholders of the Darien Bank* ask
ing of them to date upon what terms
they were w illing to dispose of their stock
to the state. The copy of that letter to
gether with the answers received, are
herewith communicated. The offers of
sale have been but few ; anti at hut very j
small discount. It is believed that the [
purchase ujton any terms, would he an
exceedingly unprofitable application of
the public finds.
I transmit copies of the Reports which
have been received front the. different
Banks.
The notes of our Domestic Banks form
at present tire entire circulating medium
of the state. It is therefore of great im
portance both to the government, a:.d the
people, that Their issues should he so re-;
gnlatad and controlled, as to prevent the
evils of a vicious currency. Notwith
st itrlityronr stnpb* productions have been
| constantly declining ju price for the last
ten years, the number ot our Banks have
j been as regularly increasing. And at no
j time heretofore hhs Banking privileges
; been more eagerly sought after, than sit
i present, when our staple commodities are
reduced to the lowest price at which they
ran he produced. There is some reason
to apprehend that the desire for the in
crease of Banks proceeds as much from
the spirit of speculation, which the uni
versal habit of trailing upon credit, has
created among our people, as the necessi
ty for an additional quantity of currency
to represent the circulating wealth ol the
country. ’Whilst the government is con
ferring upon particular corporations the
exclusive right of issuing notes to supply
the place of specie, it ought assuredly to
protect tiie interest of the people from the
improper exercise of such a privilege.—
It w ill be p. rccived by an examination
of the Bank Repo; ts of the present and
several succeeding years, that the issues
of each Bank, and ofthe whole collective
ly, ha ve been more than double the amount
of specie in their va"Us. livery Bar.k
may therefore he considered unable to re
deem its notes, in specie, upon any sud
den and general demand. The commu
nity is not at present suffering any parti
cular in jury from this state of things, be
cause of the regular state of our home and
foreign market, and the undisturbed qui
et of the count, y. Convulsions in trade
will. however, take place at .some, time.
Upon the first general demand for specie
flic Banks must press their debtors, cur
tail their issues, and perhaps stop pay
ment. and thus bring ruin upon many,
and distress upon the whole people.
It is well worthy- f your considera
tion. whether some precaution cannot he
used against the occurrence, of such mag
nitude. For this purpose permit tne to
suggest to you the policy of making the
Banks subject to the payment of a large
percent, upon all sums of their notes, the
payment of which may he demanded by
the holder, (not being the Agent of any
other Bank*or Corporation.) in specie,
w liich they may omit, or refuse to comply
w ill).
As howrvciv this remedy nfight not he
very effective, until thecvil to be prevent
ed was actually felt. I would specially
recommend that you prohibit the circu
lation, after a certain length of time, of
all hank notes und *r the value of live dol
lars. The effect of this measure will he
i to make gold and silver supply the place
j of the notes, which w ill be tints excluded
from circulation, create a constant supply
of specie in the country, and thereby di
al. ■' the Batiks, through their debtors, to
meet occasional pressures upon them for
specie, and to render tire whole currency
whether of he.uk notes or coin, of equal
value. That part of the community
I whose money must always be in small
'notes, who have hut little knowledge of
i the state of the Banks or the genuineness
of their bills, would by this measure, he
jin sonic degree secured from forgeries
' and failures, from wliich they must nl
j ways suffer more in proportion to their
I means, than other classes qf the communi
ty, so long as Bank notes form the ex
clusive currency of the state.
The doubt which is entertained of the
constitutionality ofthe law which creates
the Central Bank, on account ofthe au
thority which it gives to the Directors to
issue bills, world justify an alteration of
thi' law in that respect. The state woe.id
also derive front sueh a measure an addi
tional security against attempts to make
the issues of the Bank correspond rather
with the demands ofthe peo; le for money,
than the quantity of public funds in its
possession.
A statement of the warrants drawn up
on the Treasury during-the past year, is
laid before you.
A splendid map and atlas of the State
of Xcw -Yoi k, bus been, by the direction
of its Legislature, presented to Georgia,
in a manner worthy ofthe munificence of
that state.
I cannot conclude this message, w ith
out calling year attention to the serious
public in jury w hich must follow from the
number of oaths which are required to he
administered by our laws. No truth is
better tested by experience, than that
oaths lose their proper effect upon the
consciences and conduct otTnost nien, iv.
proportion to the frequency of their repe
tition. And yet w e continue to divest them I
of their sanctity, by requiring them to he
taken upon all occasions, and for the rn:>? „
trivial purposes. 'Fite consequences mr .st
necessarily ir increasing immorality, anti
the gem nil insecurity of all public and
private rights, the preservation of whicl <
in any manner depend upon Ihc M'stiturj
ny of w itnesses. The extent of epe evil
demands an immediate and atle mate n*e
lncdv. " • v
With the strongest desire. t>C maintain
ing the honor and rights oC t!testate, and
promoting the happiness ttf its people,
these various matters at*,* submitted to'
your consideration.
By your fellmv-c itizen.
fneorffe it, Uiimcr.
aMHMMnMMmtMWI I IT am . MMRiwHtM
CiIMUTB RVB.
Two ecmenterys foe the dead, have been
erected in the suburbs of New-York, one of
which contains two Igindrednnd eighty-eight
mJirblu vaults, all oC wi/ich have tmen dispos
ed of. The oilier cemetery is not quite fin
ished, but is much larger. The wfiolo is
surrounded by a solid stone wall, sunk ten
feet below the surface of tho earth, and ris
ing twelve feet above it. The vaults range
from east to west,are t ight feet hv eleven, a
bout eight feet high, and built entirely of
marble. The Courier and Enquirer snvs, on
entering the enclosure nothing meets the eve
but Hie tablatures m. the w*iJ, *umi|ji.< ,
‘he wvners of the* vaults, and Jong a\> '
coverin' with gravel extending from cast if
Under these walks, about tom* feet be
I,m the .s arface, are the differ mt entrances t<
■ vaults, placed
mg a solid ston u J o^heu Ti : ( . .etc
connected w Jth ; urface rxcc& t the \\ dk
intends to plant th th
with shrubery am, ■.£ , y ot UiC * *
view, iias imported a J consider
ir.. i: which law "i- poßcrate
j peculiarly appropriate t f
j to the dead.— Sde. t^eor^
xbw jEitsxv. a fi n a
The renton Emporium 4' , Jat '* c{cc
return of the votes given in at o j (P<T j s ] a
tion in that State. The issue mt. }
tore, is a majority for Jacksofl, ‘w Jack
branches of the legislature. Eight J „ tn(v .
son, anil six for Clay, in the Council; r **. ;
six lot Jackson, and twenty-four fur Cixv, 4 '
th.> Assembly. Jackson’s majority in jou- '
ballofj four.
HL/CO.V PRICES CUUREXT.
—F i PMCK.F
w .. 7.. . H*i(' *1 --•> @> r ’ '■ '
£ir bid. 00
■&* 11! • m
::::::::::: >; . j* f
Canmjcb, Georgia.... . lb. • 37
£"Z was It n m 16
CoaaMgta 54® Tt.
CottonßaoCino, Flax y ar '; t i'„ ,7
“ " Hemp l l g, jq
Domestics, Shirtings' U ir< ‘
“ Shirtbigs, bleach’d W 1?
“Sheeting, f brown, )V 1 JJ '
Fish, Mackarel,.No 1, hi *
.. .. A, hhl. J v '4
.. “ ■ hhl. I Oi) *
! Fi.oub, Northern L’’ ,, |* |
“ - Domestic i’i -• , * *
! FitfriT, Uaisiits,bunch, box I ’* r
“ “ Muscatel box , r “
“ Lemons, Hun. Nom*
Prunes, lb. | .Scarce.
“ Almonds, lb. ’n
“ Fi*fs. lb. one
Fonnva, hun. 1 00 ®
Urxi.n, Wheat bush , 1 <0- • ,
“ Corn hush ' btj ® *0
“ Oats.... bush i*o
“ Rye, bush > Nominal. *
“ Peas hush 75 © 1 0-0
Glass, WiiwtowHxlO 50ft and 50
0 “ 10 x I*4 50 ft 5 HO
ii “ 14x18 50 ft ,6 00
Gunpowder keg 5 *‘" u 6
Hides lb* No l0 t -
laox, Swedes lb. 1
“ Square lb. ' 'T -
i‘ Sheet... ...... lb. lb 14
li Hoop lb. 30 a \2
Lead, Bar, lb. . 1
■ Laud, Ib- ,4°
Li.ue, Thmm ston,-• •• cask None.
“ Itix-k, cask 4 no
il Sis cV cask 2 M ‘
Lcmufb, PJank, M 14 00 •
“ t-cantling.. - y M 12 0>
“ 'l'imtwvrs... sq ft 5
“ Shingles... ’ty M 204 #
Moua*{Jes, ...... .... gal U 8 .
Oils, Liasei and...... gal 325 1
“ Sperm, gal 1 14} (&} t* ;
Osxaburus, yard 10- - *
ITr NTs, Red Lead ... lb 2<> C 4 S.
“ -White 1 ead .k> g aJd V|
“ 01ive...... ‘ !!; ; 9 (Si*
“ Litharge lb £0 **',
‘* VV hiring, .. . lb I . 10
] ,MtK ’ I bbl riN, gve
1 bAtsTER Paris, . . . . j tun fj j oq
Paper, Letter I ream c‘ ;i 50 @ c
“ Foolscap .... ream [ o no r,
Rice..... hun. I 4 Cos a' j '>
Salt, Liverpool, bush 1 14 q*,
t Saj,t Pf.trk lb ' ] 5 t o’,
j Spanjsu Seoars ?M l 5 O o *2O o<.
“ American 3 . ? u
Shot, V g . 2 -00 u £ 25
oph’es, (>asMa ?
“ Ginger, . : K
“ Pepper,.... - A 8 ;,
“ Pimento . j. v„ :
Spirits, Brandy Cos, . pil 1 75 *5
1 „ 0 . gal Scares
i .. nnm’Rt f 75 ® 1
.. ii’lr ■' °. 1X k' al 186 6t>
~ ... ‘ • L (ml 55
jf1...-■ gal 150 ©*17.5.
“wu tT ;,rv ’ • m •
L J dais.,, hot 50 a 75
.-ikw., t ,erm! r, 11, is
* menr an... . It, 12}
Scoar St. Croix... lb 10 © It
a Orleans, lb 8
J' oaf lb* 18 4 2U
T , r Lw >P lb 15 .* 13
~U uny lb ’ 8
1 (CE < ;ha:j(s, ..... p a i r 50 @ 1
I v SA< Cj ... lb I*4 a 4 (t
. I ? A >- lb. - 1 25 a 2 (X;
| vV i , i N ‘ *, Madeira,.... gal ! .'i CO @5 0t
“ ' 'lVneritfc,.. . gal 175 „ g-r L >
Malaga, gal 75 a K: -
Port.-..,., gal 2 S(L
Georjfi.i, ... g,.| “50
; ' /eedino Uses j each 371 a 5l
- - 1 * T j__
S%\Wi£JL,]E<
HENRY TURNER 1
CKINTINUES to occupy. his Old Stand, Cti.
> Bridge street, where he has-to biro
HORSES, GIGS, SULKIES, .-md
BAROIjCHKS,
and will accommodate- his friends and the / übxic.
on moderate terms. /
November 4, 131. 50^-
M ONROE SALKS;-Wi Z\ dTtT..'
Court-house ml'orsyth, oa tbo f W:jt q* ups ,
day in December. " * .’.
One bay mare, one cow and e a lf, levied on 2 >
the property ot Samuel Ford, to satisfy a ft fa
favor of Elijah Welts. ‘ ..
G- COOPU.AN, Dip. S\rvif.
MAPS Of MACO>C~ 7
Tor Snttrrt the JUi erfcW Mice*
Some few will be put on Hollers, ami hi fomrr.
1 nose w ho wis.i them in either wav, will sbuiit v
the same, immediately, as none will b frMicd oi
wit hit oilers, unless ordered.
" ' ■ M. f). J. SLADK
Macon Aug** st 0, 18H1. g 0...
tlwr
evert/ description.
nfatj.y Fxr.rrTLn at tjlk offjc r