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THE BASES OF PEACE
Address That Won the Prize
at Oratorical Contest.
DELIVERED BY W. F. GEORGE
Fall Text of the Speech by Which Mercer
Scored Another Yictory at Intercol
legiate Contest.
Following is the address in full
delivered by Mr. W. F. George at
the Grand opera house in Atlanta
on the evening of November 2d,
by which Mercer University scored
another signal victory and won for
the fourth time in succession in
the intercollegiate oratorical con
test:
The transition from chaos to
cosmos, from hate to love, from
war to peace has been the steady
and continuous order of progress.
Love, peace and co-operation are
not developments of a well-nigh
perfected civilization, but they
are the principles at the founda
tion of all life. Although the
shock of battle has disturbed the
repose ot men; although the fires
of revolution have swept over the
whole earth ; although individuals
and nations have gone down in
bloody conflict, nature has always
taken sides with the forces making
f*r peace. For violence, in every
form, carr'.es in its very nature
the seed of its own destruction.
The object of all revolution, the
end of all evolution, is peace.
The overmastering forces at work
in the industrial and commercial
world are making for peace. The
political tendencies and institu
tions of the modern age are pre
paring the conditions for peace.
At the heart of man is planted
the kingdom of God —the kingdom
of universal peace.
Universal peace is the thought
of God written at the heart of
creation. Deep in the very nature
of the cosmic process are involved
the unselfish love and divine sac
rifice of Calvary. Evolution reg
isters more cosmos and less chaos,
more co-operation and less anar
ohy at every step of progress. In
dividualism and disorder there
are in the natural world, but the
principles of mutualism and union
have always overruled the destruc
tive forces of war. The fittest
have always survived, but the test
of fitness is the social principle.
The tiger of the jungle has per
ished, while the peaceful horse
survives. The races likewise that
have the peace ideal uppermost,
that have the greatest capacity
for peace, rule the world. Those
races that have depended solely
on the sword, that have refused
to co-operate, have perished in the
progress of the centuries. The
law of mutualism is at the center
of all racial progress. So long as
the savage hates, he remains a
savage; when he begins to love, he
lays the foundation of social order
and racial perfection.
The great industrial and com
mercial activities of our time il
lustrate the principle of mutual
ism, and are laying the founda
tion, broad and deep, for universal
peace. The modern aee has wit
nessed a most eignficaut cnauge
in the economic principles of the
world. The basis of civilization
through all previous ages was
mainly military; now it is mainly
industrial. Feudal society was
based primarily upon the military
idea. Feudalism exacted of the
tillers of the Boil a military duty
—bound the tenant to bear arms
at the command of the over lord.
Private wars were the rule of such
a system. With the passing of
feudalism, private wars ceased for
ecouomic reasons. Today land
owes no military duty to any
power save the state, and the till
ers of the soil are the state. Thus
peaceful industry has become the
master of violent militarism. The
soldiers of industry are every
where winning the battles for the
world’s bread; “the captains of
industry” are becoming the heroes
of society. In other days the idea
prevailed that on j nation could
grow rich only by the military
subjugation of another; but now
it is understood that every nation
impoverished in war is one less
customer in the markets of the
world, Every dollar spent in the
destruction of life and property is
a sacrifice of the vital strength of
the nations. The peaceful prin
ciples of co-operation at the basis
of modern industrialism are the
bed rocks upon which the splendid
superstructure of the new social
order must be erected.
International commerce, once
the fruitful source of war, is now
a potent factor for peace. The
old mercantile system entrenched
militarism as a fact in civilization
and established war as an institu
tion ; now the foremost nations
are coming to see that trade must
be conducted on the basis of mu
tual So strongly does
international commerce demand
peace, that in a day is adjusted
the Chinese question, which, under
the old system, would have
plunged the world into a war
more disastrous than the revolu
tion that spent itself on the field
of Waterloo. “The Chinese mer
chant is the saving feature of the
whole situation. He alone, thro’
all wars, riots and tribulations,
remains the firm friend of the
foreigner.” Thus does the bal
ance sheet of trade determine the
issue of war and peace.
This is the economic evil of
warfare: that it is in the last ex
treme wasteful. It draws from
productive and constructive arts
the best forces of the nations. It
takes annually more than 4,000,-
000 of the best laborers of Europe
from the field and the shop. It
[littix to mks. fihxhau xo. 94.39*1
‘‘lam so grateful to you for what
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound has done for me that I feel as
though I must
Women tell about it. a
u , gs. year ago I was
wwOUiCS OWr0» taken very sick.
ly Try Mrs* Doctors could do
Pinkham’s me *° s°° d °*} ?
__ to deaden the
moaMCine If pain which I
They Only had almost con-
Knew„ Says stantly *, l got
mm * * some of your
mrSm King/ Compound and
* 1 took one bottle
and received benefit from it at once.
X have taken it ever since and now
have no backache, no pain in my
side and my Btomach and bowels are
perfectly well. I can honestly say that
there is nothing like it. If I could only
tell every woman how much good your
medicine has done me, they would
surely try it.”— Martha M. King, North
Attleboro, Mass.
The way women trifle with health
shows a degree of indifference that is
past understanding. Happiness and use
fulness depend on physical health; so
does a good disposition. Disease makes
women nervous, irritable and snap
pish. The very effort of ailing.women
to be good-natured makes them ner
vous. Write to Mrs. Pinkham, she will
help you to health and happiness.
It costs nothing to get Mrs. Pinkham’s
advice. Her address is Lynn, Mass.
THE NEWS-HERALD.
today burdens the toilers of the
earth with a debt of more than
$30,000,000,000; and in 1899 took
from the long labors of European
peasants $1,269,000 for the sup
port of European armament.
Against this evil of warfare, po
litical economists have long pro
tested that these vast sums of
money are taken from the world’s
limited supply of capital, and
strike at the very foundation of
all production. The laborers of
the world are protesting that the
armed competition of nations is
not the life of trade, but the com
mercial, meutal and moral death
of men. The rulers of all lands
are reading the handwriting on the
wall. In 1897 Lord Salisbury said:
“The one hope that we have to pre
vent this competition from ending
in a terrible effort of mutual de
struction —the one hope we have
is that the powers may be brought
together in the unity of interest
and strength that shall give to the
world a long spell of unfettered
commerce, prosperous trade and
continued peace.” Another pow
erful ruler declares that the whole
social question is bound up in the
increasing burdens of war taxa
tion. And from the czar of all
the Russias comes the warning
that the masses cannot long en
dure the terrible weight of armed
Europe. European society is
trembling on the crest of the
mightiest change in human histo
ry. The war god may pass from
his throne through blood and bat
tle, but pass he must.
In the disarmament of the
world, may it not be that the in
dustrial greatness of the United
States is to be the determining
factor ? Whatever policy may
control the leaders of this repub
lic, only a small part of our men
and money will ever be employed
in implements of destructive war
fare. Destiny has committed us
to industrialism ; and it is beyond
the scope of human power to en
tangle our fortune with the de
caying interests of militarism. In
the fertile valley of the Mississip
pi and on the great prairies of the
West, 500,000,000 men may dwell
and prosper. Among these and
their descendants the peace prin
ciple must remain the guiding
force of institutional life. Saving
our wealth, we shall manufacture
at a less cost, sell at a lower price,
and drive the European powers
from the markets of the world, or
force them to the measure of mil
itary retrenchment. Today the
American laborer, unbroken in
spirit by the service of the drill
and the camp, unhampered by the
terrible burdens of military taxa
tion, is driving the truth home to
every monarch of Europe that
“the ways of militarism are the
ways of death.” Thus in our keep
ing is reposed the best hope for
universal peace—a peace to be re
alized through industrial competi
tion rather than military rivalry.
Political institutions, as well as
industrial and commercial activi
ties, are promoting the conditions
for universal peace. Each suc
ceeding step in the evolution of
political government has mini
mized the necessity for war, and
maximized the possibilities of
peace. Through the successive
political groups—the gens, the
tribe, the city, the state, the fed
eration —the area of common
good has been extended, the circle
of peace widened. Among the low
est savages the tribe averages 150;
among the highest savages, 860:
among barbarians the union aver
ages 500,000; among civilized peo
ple, 80,000,000. One step further
brings the international co-opera
tion of our own times. On the
continent of Europe, at the close
of the last century, more than 100
potentates controlled the issues of
war and poaco. At the close of
this century, six powers hold the
destiny of the European conti
nent. A large number of small
states still exist, but the recent
fate of Greece in attempting to
wage war without the consent of a
primary power, will forever dis
courage other small states from
undertaking a like enterprise.
Practically, Europe is still more
consolidated: the Franco-Russian
alliance givee Nicholas 11. a veto
on the war power of the French
Republic; the “Tripple Alliance”
virtually renders it impossible for
either Austria or Italy to go to war
without the consent of William II;
between these two camps lies the
great English Empire. Thus we
see that this unifying process has
bound together in larger and larger
groups the isolated members of
the family of man, and wherever
this unification has gone forward,
peace has extended her sway. The
essence of organization is submis
sion to law, and submission to law
is the elimination of war.
The democratization of the state,
as well as the enlargement of the
political area, has widened the
bounds of peace. The central idea
of democracy is liberty and peace,
and liberty is the goal of humani
ty. The meaning of all revolution
is that “man was born to be free.”
There was no guarantee of peace
so long as absolute power resided
in the ruler and armies fought at
his arbitraay will. The modern
world has called in question the
“divine right” of kings and has set
up instead the “divine right” of
man. This is the philosophy of
modern progress: whatever form
the government assumes, the great
body of men are everywhere di
recting its policy. The great
masses of men have always borne
the brunt of battle and the tre
mendous burdens of war; their
interest, guided by wisdom, has
in all ages demanded peace;
and these masses will one day en
ter effectual protest against sui
dar war.
The rise of these masses tends to
express itself in federal democra
cy, which makes possible the
broadest nationalism and the
greatest local autonomy. This
form of government is peaceful in
its conception, and does not base
its power upon the exercise of
force. The government coming
down from one man, or a few
men, depends upon the exercise of
force for its authority. The gov
ernment coming up from all the
people, in its very conception,
rests its sovereignty on justice.
In the former, might is right; in
the latter, right is might. The
wisest political truth of this cen
tury is that no government dare
write any law in its constitution
not written in the hearts of its
citizens. In the language of Hugo,
“Whoever says that might rules
the world, speaks to an audience
dead these three hundred years.”
International law and arbitra
tion are developing a world-feder
ation which is diminishing the
number of wars and mitigating
their cruelties. A system of juris
prudence is spanning the seas and
embracing the continents. It
governs international relation
ships—granting rights, prescrib
ing duties and punishing wrongs,
its power is extended, and the
sailor on the distant sea feels
more secure; while the nurse,
bearing the sign of the red cross,
is safe under the flag of every
civilized nation. More than a
humane code, mightier than any
moral obligation is the binding
force of international law. Since
1816 seventy-five international
disputes have been settled by an
appeal to law and reason. Even
the Chinese minister at Washing
ton is beginning to see that the
NOVEMBER 29, 1900.
strongest arm and the heaviest
battalion, which formerly decided
all controversies, are now giving
place to “arbitration, which is
nothing but an appeal to reason
and the sense of justice inherent
in mankind.”
Every enlargement of economic
and social interdependence, as
well as every forward step in po
litical evolution, has subordinated
the fighting instinct to the peace
ful virtues. With the growth of
organization comes the knowledge
that the individual is not a thing
apart from society, that a nation
is not an unrelated fragment of
humanity. With this knowledge,
the motive of human conduct is
shifted from selfishness to altru
ism ; license gives place to law,
and rivalry and war yield to co
operation and peace. Thus the
ethical and religious man has at
last appeared as the end, as the
explanation, and as the justifica
tion of the cosmic process. Every
thing has prophesied his coming,
every thing has made ready his
advent, and all things must yield
to his peaceful and beneficent
lordship. He understands that
the Prince of Peace is the natural,
as well as the divinely commis
sioned, Lord and Master of both
the universe and man. He also
understands that both the nature
of the universe and the nature of
man point to the time foretold by
the prophet of old: “And they
shall beat their swords into plow
shares, and their spears into prun
ing hooks; nation shall not lift
up sword against nation, neither
shall they learn war anymore. ***
The wolf shall dwell with the
lamb, and the leopard shall he
down with the kid; the calf and
the young lion *** together; and
a little child shall lead them.
They shall not hurt nor destroy
in all my holy mountain; for the
earth shall be full of the knowl
edge of the Lord as the waters
cover the sea. ”
Rheumatism.
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Doctors try Scott’s Emul
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You can do the same.
It may or may not be caused
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The way, to cure a disease
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fThe genuine has
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SCOTT & BOWNE,
Chemists,
409 Pearl St., N. Y.
50c. and $1,00; all druggists.
The One Day Cold Cure.
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