Newspaper Page Text
Employ Horse and
Motor in U. S. Army
Combination of Two Makes
for Greater® Speed in
Cavalry Operations.
New York.—lnstead of the awaited
horseless age there comes the horse
on wheels. Dobbin and the motor ear
once rivals, have patched up their
quarrel, Far from disappearing into
oblivion with the buffalo and the dodo,
the horse is to be modernized along
the most approved automotive lines.,
“Motorized” horses, with all the au
tomobile’s advantages of speed and
endurance, are In sight,
As a result of extensive motoriza
tion tests by the United States army
recently, cavalry troops today can be
counted on for six times the swiftness
of the horse in World war days. Mo
torization of other branches of the
military service where the horse nas
been a tradition is the object of
further experimeuts authorized by the
War department ‘general staff,
That the greatly Increased mobility
of cavalry regiments under motorized
conditions would make wnlikely on
other war of trench ‘operations a 8 in
the World war by laying foot troops
open to thundering cavalry charges
before they could possibly éntrench
themselves Is a frequent statement
today by ranking army officers,
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Convincing demonstration that the
dependable, sure-footed horse can be
rushed over long distances and set
down on the field of actlon with his
spirit .and condition unimpaired was
given during the recent field manen
vers of the First cavalry division in
Texns, Horses and mén of Troop F,
Fifth United States.eavalry, equipped
for extended campalgning, made the,
'“mrmw '“"3?.;“ Fort
Clark, & dMinee 5 000 miles, n gwo,
days. A good performance under un
motorized .conditions would have been
12 days. . e le ‘
3 Motors Save Time. v
Of incalculable value to the army
s the fact that . wgtar. transport
‘mot *only saves time wihen the fikst
blow might swing the lssue of battle:
but ‘siso thé thoops and’ thelr four
footed .partners’ both come up full of
fght, with morale high; The journey's
end, hereto¥ore, has seen jaded anl.
mals and digpirited nien,
. Success of the cavalty tests with
aotors and- herses has bronght motor
fzation Into the plans of the field™ar
103 Million in lllegal
Taxes Refunded by U. S.
Washington.—~Refunding of il
legully collected taxes totaling
SIOB, 858,687 and afecting ap
proximately 240,000 persons
was reported to congress by
Secretary Mellomn.
The Treasury department”’s re
port covered 12,183 typewritten
pages and included refunds from
1 cent fnto the millions of dol
lars. Secretary Mellon sald the
erellits covered the years 1028
back to 1024, Inclusive, and
“prior years." : ;
Refunds wade for 1928 umount
ed to SOSSSSSAS, for 1027 they
totaled $34,751,002, for 1926 they
were $65.001, and for 10925 they
were SGIN2S .
Congress uat its lust session
appropriates money to provide
for the repayments by the treas
ury.
CARNEGIE GRANTS TOTAL
OF $2,000,000 DURING YEAR
Vast Sum Spent for Advancement of
Education, According to Re.
port of President.
New York.—Grants totaling $2,000,
000 for the advancement of sducation
weore made by the Carnegle Corpora.
tion of New York during the fiscal
year ended September 30, President
Frederick P, Keppel announced in his
anpual report, In addition to this
wimount, President Keppel reported
that payment of SL,OOOOOO was made
during " the® year on grants voted In
previous years.
“Educational foundations do more
than endow colleges und make educa.
tional studies,” sald Mr. Keppel, who
pointed out that the Carnegle cor
poration alds in the diffusion as well
s o the advancement of knowledge
among the people of the United States,
While the corporation lssues n few
publications of its own, be sald tha
tillery. In Panama next spring the
acute preblem of combining the two
medinms of transport will be attempt
e¢d under adverse jungle conditions.
“Portee artillery,” a form of field ar.
tillery carried by motor truck to the
scene of action and then “mankan
dled,” made necessary by the thickly
mutted jungle-growth, is to form the
basis of the experiments,
“Even the highly perfected field ar
titlery equipment which employs the
tractor a 8 motive power finds it necds
the horse for scouting and reconnais
sance work, and development of the
motorized horse will solve the vexing
problem of supplying amounts for
this important work, without which
modern field artillery is helpless.
Keeping step with the tactical plans
of the army for wider employment
of the horse, the army, as the coun
try's largest user of horseflesh, has
in operation cemprehensive plans, un
der the American Remount associa
tion, for the development of the Lhorse
market,
Not generally known is the fact,
announced recently by the War de
purtment, that there are already more
horses per soldler’in the regular army
of today than there were in the Civii
war. Approximately 40,000 animals—
both horses and mules—aggregating
almost elght million dollars In value,
Combining Horge and Motor in the Army,
were doing daily service in the army
on June 30 last. For new horseflesh
during the last fiscal year alone the
army spent anearly $700,000,
S 0 vital to its plans is the adequate
supply of horses that the United
States army has become the greatest
breeder of horses in the world. Be
sides the outright purchasing of
mounts there Is the enormously suc
ful army horse bm plan, be.
:ig mfi-m«w oiee stal
ligns, "located at forty breeding sta
‘tiong’ throughout the United States,
aré held available to farmers and
breeders, Most are thoroughbred
slrvg.
With these stallions, 30,000 high
grade colts bave been produced, and
during the coming.year between 14,
000 and 15000 mares will be bred
Although the operation of the breed
ing plan benefits the stock raiser di
rectly, the army counts the creation
of a supply of good horses in the
country as an adequate return on fits
anouul expenditure of nearly $150,000
To u llmited extent these horses are
avallable in the public market dur
ing peace time and in an ewmergency
would be wholly so,
Champion Rifle Team at Practice
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Th champlon girls' rifle team of Maryland university defying the snow
and cold weather to train for their next ritle tournament, Left to right ure:
Geraldine Parry, Alma Essex, Margaret Melgs, Ellzabeth DBrunner and Hazel
B. Krelder. »
within the last ngmr years the publica
tion of some 200 book and of more
than 00 magazine articles was the
result wholly or ln part of appropria
tions from the corporation,
Subject matter of these articles, he
sald, ranged from atomie structure to
legal ald, from hellum to pyorrhea and
from British coal mining to foor
making.
The Ustof appropriations show thut
SBBIL,OOO during the year went to edu
cational studies, rescarch and publica
tions and amounts ranging from $5,000
to $30.000 for research and study In
history teaching, graduate instruction,
vitamines, theory of surfaces, earth
quakes, Insulin, alumnl organizations,
modern language, ndult education agd
fine arts, . \
The library Interests of the corpora
tion are being largely cared for by
graots made in former years, Mr, Kep
pel reported, the corporation appro
CHARLTON COUNTY HERALD
Hair of Black Mice
Whitens Under X.Ray
Pittsburgh, Pa.—Dr. Robert T,
Hance, head of the Zzoology depart
went of the University of Pittsburgh
and connected with the Rockefeller
Institute for Medical Research, has
been studying the biologleal effect of
X-rays with a view to discovering
what the X-ray can do to benefit man
and wherein it does him only harm.
Among his experiments was one
which showed that the longer a potato
is exposed to X-rays, the blacker it
gets, but that when a mouse }s ex
posed to the rays longer than a cer
tain period, its hair becomes white, a
result, incidentally, which Doetor
Hance believes is due to the destruc
tion of the orgun which produces the
pigment.
When mice with dark hair had been
expused to Xerays up to a certain
point, they turned durker and !vrkvr
as did the potato, Doctor Hanecé dis
covered; but after a few weeks, the
mice became white, The dark hair fel)
out and was replaced by the svhite.
Doctor Llance also states thm‘ it
took a longer exposure to N-rays to
turn to white the hair of pure agouti
mice that is, mice whose parents were
both pure black.
Hoosiers Produce Most
Honey; Eat Lots re
Indianapolis.—Despite the fact In
diana is one of the largest honey pro
ducers in the United States, its_ in
%
habitants consume about twice as
much honey as its apiaries prodice,
according to C. O. Yost, chief mlflé'
inspector for the department * con
servation and secretary of the In
diana State Beekeepers' association.
Problems of the industry and the
marketing of the honey were discussed
by the beckeepers at a recent meeting
of the state association, A larger per
cent of Indiana Yoney is sold ‘direct to
retailer or consumer than prevails in
uny other large beekeepir &Y tate,
,:g‘“"““fi honey «‘ kel *‘ A jo
tailers’in the cemm 8. Tuf v high
the apiaries are located result in keep
ing praetically all of the honey pro
duced in the state from entering the
wholesale market.
The honey production of indiana
this year exceeded that of California
and was approximately the same as
that of Michigan, Yost suid. Some of
the Indiana producers in good years
produce from 75,000 to 80,000 pounds
of honey.
Too Much “Pep”
Rome.—The Fascisti who pride them
selves on their “pep” are stirred be
cause a high school pupil was sus
pended for running from one cluss
room to another instead of walking.
priating only 884,000 In 1020, chiefly
for the malntenance of library schools
Loses His Spouse, Gets
Another in 34 Minutes
Chicago.=Thirty-four minutes was
the time It took u busband to rvid
himself of one wife and ancquire a
new one,
e was Juwes V. Condinella, the
atrieal producer, On the stroke of
noon his divorce care agulost Kath
erine Condinella was culled before
Judge Sulllvan In the Superior court
Twenty minutes later the decree was
slgned on grounds of desertion,
The supporting testimony was given
by (Miss Beatrice Wilson, twenty-four,
of ‘:vnmwn. Aund before the ink was
dry on the decree Miss Wilson went
with Condinella over to the warringe
leense glerk. They got a license and
she became his bride at 12:34 lo the
warriage court, 7
Leo Welsskop!, who was attorney
for the plaintiff in the divorce case,
sorved as best man and witvess at the
wedding. . v
RIVERS HIGH ROADS
World’s Longest Streams Tap
Roots of Its History.
Washington,—“oOf the world's dozen
longest rivers, six are in Asia and
three in Africa,” says a bulletin from
the Washington (D. C.) headquarters
of the National Geographic society.
“The New world is represented only
by the Amazon in South America and
the Mississippi and the Mackenzie in
North America, though if the Mis
souri be considered apsct from the
Mississippi it would take rank in its
own right,
“The longest single river is the Nile,
measuring some 4,000 miles from head
to mouth. The Nile is further distin
guished in that it has no tributaries
for the last 1,500 miles of its course
to the sea. During this stretch its
waters are considerably reduced In
volume by evaporation and irrigation,
so that it grows smaller instead of
larger toward its mouth,
All Climates Represented.
“Other African rivers among the
length-scoring 12 are the Niger and
the Congo, both fed by the tropical
rains of hot regions near the equator.
In a general way they more nearly
resemble South America’s representa
tive, the Amazon, than the great
streams of the colder northern contl--
nents,
“Of Asia’s six longest rivers, four
are in Siberia, the Ob, Yenisei, and
Lena flowing north into the Arctic
ocean and the Amur emptying into an
arm gt the Pacifiec The other two
are the Yangtze and Hwang, or Yel
low, river of China,
“These 12 river basins represent
the greatest variety of climate and
civilization, The Amazon and the
Congo flow through lush equatorial
jungles inhabited by birds of bril-
Ifant plumage, wild animals and sav
age tribes, while the mouths of the
Yenisei and the rLenu are above the
northern timber line and their valleys
support the sparsest population. The
Mississippi and the Yangtze flow
through established, if divergent, civi
lizations, with rich cities along their
banks like jewels on a string. The
Nile is one of the cradles of world
history; the Mackenzie is still a fron
tier stream.
“From the point of view of a world
map five of the dozen rivers ‘flow up
hill,; that is, flow to the north. These
are the Nile, Mackenzie, Ob, Yenisei,
and Eena. The Mississippi and Niger
flow south, The Amur, Yangtze,
Hwang and Amazon run eastward.
Only the Congo points toward the
West.
“All these streams overflow their
banks at intervals but the results are
strangely different. In the case of the
Mississippi and the Yangtze, floods
are national disasters bringing untold
suffering to millions. The annuai
overflow of the Nile with resulting
fertilization of the valley by the de
posit of silt is the source of the
wealth of Egypt. The Hwang, or
Yellow river, from its habit of over
flowing its banks and changing its
course at intervals, is known as the
‘scourge of China.’
“The Amazon and the Congo lie al
most under the equator, and the other
ten longer rivers are in the northern
hemisphere. Four flow into the Are
tie ocean. A reason is not far to
seek, The greatest land masses are
in the northern half of the world, and
without large land areas long rivers
are impossible. The smaller conti
nents of Australia and Europe are
not represented in the dozen. Similar
ly, the reason for the longest rivers
flowing to the north and east is that
the longest continental slopes extend
in those directions.
Highways of Civilization,
“The Yangtze and the Mississippi
are lined with wealthy cities largely
because of their location in the Tem
perate zone, The tropic Amazon,
Niger, and Congo are too hot; the
Mackenzie and the Siberian rivers are
too cold for the favorable growth of
towns. The Nile valley beyond Cairo
Is & mere strip of green from fifteen
to thirty miles wide between two
burning deserts. The Hwang is too
variable in its habits to encourage
pavigation or river ports.
“From the earliest times these long
rivers have furnished high roads for
the exploration of continental In
teriors, Nero sent an expedition to
discover the headwaters of the Nile
which falled to reach Its objective.
Russian penetration of Siberia fol
lowed the great river beds, The Ama
zon and the Congo are still highways
of discovery, Head reaches of the
Yangtze are velled In Asintic obscn
rity. The Niger was the river of
romance In the great days of Time
buktu. The histories of the world's
river basins have been the history of
the world's empires, A great rlver
is both a roadway and a source of
life. The world's 12 longest rivers
tap the roots of its history as well
as the roots of its resources.”
Oldest U, S. Hand
Washington.~Uncle Sam's oldest
employee haa eraftsmanship above the
average. He s Warren F. Brenzier,
‘M. cubinetmaker In the army
medical museum and lbrary, Pralsed
by his superiors on his birthday, he
sald he Intended to work as long as
physically able,
Should Be Popular
New York,—Fishing, hiking and
gatdening should be included i col
lege athletic training, Is the opinion of
Prof, 1. A, Scott of the University of
Oregon. ’
BABY TROT? YES,
AND SINGLEFOOT!
Crawling Infants Don’t Pace
Like Dogs and Cats.
Baltimore, Md.—Crawling babies do
not pace, they trot. This disputed
point has at last been shown by the
camera, with the co-operation of &
group of babies, at the psychological
laboratory of Johns Hopkins univer
sity.
Babies from six months to seven
teen wmonths old, a cat, and a bulldog
were the subjects in the demonstra
tion of walking technique. Each baby
in turn was placed on the floor. In
front of it a celluloid doli, a red rub
ber ball, or a shiny watch was dragged
alluringly by a string, and as the baby
set out after the toy, the camera
ground out its pictures.
Reports of the experiment, just re
ported by Dr. Lenoir H. Burngide,
show that babies are much more indi
vidual in their ways of getting around
in the world than older people are.
Speaking generally, a human being’s
first attempts at locomotion are mere
ly struggling forward with much
floundering and waving of arms and
legs.
Later, the baby's arms begin to
work, left, right, in alternating
rhythm, while his legs are still
dragged or hitched after him in most
unrhythmic fashion. Then he begins
to carry his abdomen clear off the
floor, and at last he develops a left,
right motion of his legs, alternating
them with his arms.
The dog and cat moved along the
floor in a pacing gait, the weight of
the body being borne by the two legs
on one side, and then by the two legs
on the opposite side. But all of the
babies trotted, keeping their weight
balanced diagonally between a leg on
one side and an arm on the other,
though some of the younger crawlers
singlefooted.
Fairy Tales Barred to
Children in Library
Paris.—Communist children are for
bidden to‘read fairy tales. Neither
“Mother Goose,” Grimm’s classics,
“Alice in Wonderland,” nor any other
classic of children’s literature is to be
found among the 4,500 volumes of the
new Communist library just opened in
Belleville, a working-class quarter of
Paris,
“Children should be taught only
about real things and shouldn’t be
misled by fancies,” says Chief Librari
an Veterro. The library is open to
working men and women. The latter
may bring their young children with
them. *“Social emancipation of the
workers through intellectual enlight
enment” is the institution's program.
Tables are loaded with Communist
newspapers and pamphlets. Bold pest.
ers cover the walls. The decorative
scheme is dominated by red ribbons
and bunting. An American card-in
dexing system helps readers.
Adult reading matter is even more
drastically censored than children's,
Of novels and light reading there is
little except works in which social
problems are touched in a fashion ap
preved by Communist dogma. But
there are great tomes on sociology,
pelitics and economies. Under religion
the card index lists little. The art
section is carefully weeded of books
which might stimulate religicus feel
ing.
The library is being conducted in
connection with a “workers’ univer
sity,” where mature men are enabled
to pursue their educations in accord.
ance with Communist ideals.
Alaska Seeks Patrol
Like Canadian Police
Anchorage, Alaska.—Agitation for
a patrol system like that of the Cana
dian mounted police has grewn out of
the recent disappearance of two old
time prospectors.
Kris Kline, one of the missing men,
was traced to a crevasse across the
glacier trail, The other, Mike Trapke,
disappeared while journeying from
Talkeetna te Susitna, a distance of 60
miles. Both are believed to have per.
ished.
It developed that regulations do not
permit a marshal or deputy marshal
to leave the beaten highways to in
vestigate alleged erime or to give ald
to men in distress, unless so ordered
by the district ecurt and by It pro
vided with funds to defray expenses,
A force patterned after the Cuna
dian organization, it Is polnted out,
would find much useful service to per
form In this territory, searching out
lost men and nlnnln‘ down fugitives,
Will Discovers Gold
and Gems Long Lost
Parls.~Looking through »
plle of old books acquiring dust
on his shelves, a book dealer of
Pont-a-Mousson was about to
hurl one of them, a family pray.
er book, Into the fire, when he
noticed an official locking docu
ment between the pages,
Examining the document, he
found it to be the will of the
proprietor of a near.by chateau,
executed the day the nobleman
was led to the seaffold more
than a century ago,
The will bequeathed the
man's fortune to the church amd
gave Indications where the
money wus hidden. Search In
the basement of the chateau re
vealed gold and jJewels estl.
mated at $2,000,000,
Undersea Tube Solves Seri
ous Traffic Problem.
Oakland, Calif.—Conflict between
30,400 ships and 4,200,000 automobiles
yearly for the right of way across the
inlet which separates Oakland and
Alameda hae led to the construction
of the largest single-tube underwater
tunnel in the world between the two
cities.
The $4,500,000 tube is 37 feet wide
and 4,436 feet from portal to portal,
and it will replace an ancient draw
bridge connecting the city of Oakland
and the island municipality. The fed
eral government has condemned the
bridge as an impediment to shipping,
and it is to be removed next July 1,
when the tube will be opened.
Built of Concrete.
The tube is built of precast concrete
segments, molded into 203-foot lengths
in a ship drydock, towed ten miles
across San Francisco bay and sunk in
position, All of the segments have
been sunk, and only some sealing and
interior work remains to be done,
New engineering principles were in
volved in building the underwater sub
way, in addition to the problems in
volved in pulling the 12 sections of
tube into place behind two tugs, operat
ing in tandem. A new type of coffer
dam was employed and an ingenious
method was used for joining the tubes
under water. Sheets of quarter-inch
steel plate were bent into half cylin
ders 40 feet long and 6 feet in diam
eter, to become the side forms by
which a 6-foot collar of cement wa®
run around the joints to make them
watertight,
2 Divers Are Plumbers,
Deep sea divers did the plumbing
under water and supervised the plac
ing of cement poured down to them
through a GO-foot pipe from the sur
face above., The helmet crew, work
ing in three-hour shifts, helped seal
the joints, and after they were made
fast the water was pumped from the
tube,
Preeasting the subway sections made
it possible to use less cement than
when molded under water, and greater
strength is claimed for walls only half
the ordinary thickness because of the
method of construction.
George A. Posey is chief engineer
of the project, Ned D. Baker office en
gineer and Lochiel M. King construc
tion engineer,
The subway enables 100 ships and
some 10,000 motor cars to cross daily
at the intersection of seaway and high
way without interrupting each other.
It eliminates three railroad crossings
at the site.
Toss by Bull Costs
This Fighter $120,000
Madrid.—Being tossed up by a
bull during his last performance at
Barcelona cost Jose Belmonte, Spain's
greatest bull fighter, some $120,000 in
cold cash, to say nothing of a shat
tered ego and sundry physical wounds.
The money was to come from a
Mexican centract which his enforced
idleness will prevent him from ecar
rying out. He is now at his town
house here recovering from his in
juries. During his convalescence he
has received many hundreds of tele
grams from admirers in Mexico, Peru,
Argentina and France, besides letters
from leading personages in Spain,
Belmonte is a very wealthy man,
whe possesses much property in An
dalusia, whither he intends soon to
go In order to complete his cure. He
usually passes his time there training
the young calves among his large
herd of fighting bulls, which he sells
to the managers of bull fights all over
Spain,
e ———————
Sherlock Carries Kit
to British Crime Spots
London.—Scotland Yard detectives
setting out to solve a murder have
taken on the appearance of physicians
making professional calls. Sherlock
Holmes has been equipped with a neat
little leather valise, called “the mur
der bag," but instead of sugar-coated
pills It contains scientific instruments
for investigution of crime,
Each murder bag holds apparatus
for taking finger prints, two test tubes
for such specimens as halr, bits of
clothing or tokens of identifieation,
two magnifying glasses, a' rubber
apron and scissors, forceps, disin
fectant, towel and soap, a roll of tape
and a tape measure, an electrie lamp,
two-foot rule, a compass for determin.
Ing the exact position of the body
and a palr of handcufl’s,
At 106 Makes sl2 Weekly,
Saves $2, Supports Son
Kansas Citg, Mo.~Mrs. Emma Me-
Muhon, Kansas City garment maker,
has just celebrated ber one hundred
und sixth birthday,
She attributes her longevity to early
rising, drinking lots of coffee, and
hard work,
She mukes a salary of sl2 a week,
sends $5 weekly to a son, lives on $5
and saves $2. Mrs, McMdhon has sup
ported herself for more than 20 years,
Her husband died In 1011 at the age
of ninety-one, .
Mrs. McMahon recently declined an
offer to appear on the stage and tell
the story of her life, *] told them
there w.s nothing dolng” she sald,
“First thing 1 would have known, they
would have been wanting me to start
in dancing and acting foollsh.”