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The Georgian’s Poultry and Live Stock Page
M-EGG HEN YET
IN UNCERTAINTY
Breeding From the Best Lay
ers Doesn’t Always Give the
Expected Results.
By J. B. NORMAN.
FOR a period of thirteen years the
experiment station at Oro
no. Maine, has been carrying
on investigations in breeding Barred
Plymouth Rock poultry for egg produc
tion.
The importance of increasing the egg
supply has been recognized for some
time, and if definite methods of im
proving the average egg production of
fowls can be discovered it will be of
great economic value to farmers and
poultry keepers throughout the coun
try.
Such a consideration as this was the
reason for instituting the work al the J
Maine station in 1898. Bulletin No. |
192, recently issued, is a somewhat I
long and technical summary of these !
investigations.
In the genera! summary, the first
conclusion deduced is "that mass se
lection for high egg production on the
basis of the tiapnest record of the in
dividual alone did not result in a steady
continuous improvement in average
flock production, even though it was
continued for a period of ten years."
To the casual reader such a conclu
sion would seem to preclude the possi
bility of Increasing the egg production
of flocks of poultry by systematic
breeding.
The conditions, however, are quite
different in these cases and when right
ly understood the results are by no
means so discouraging as they al first
seem to be.
Statistics show that the average an
nual production of a fowl 'on farms li
the i'nited States is from 72 to 84 eggs.
All thoroughly practical experiments I
must aim to show that this average
can be greatly increased.
The Maine station experiments be
gan with fowls which annually laid j
more than double this number of eggs
The practice in breeding was to use
as mothers of the stock bred in any
year only the hens that laid between
November 1 of the year in which they |
were hatched and Novembe: 1 of the I
following year 150 or more eggs. Aflet
the first year all male birds used in the
breeding were the sons of mothers
whose production in their first laying
year was 200 eggs or more. Since the
normal average annual production of
these birds may be taken to have been
about 125 eggs, it will be seen that the
selection practiced was fairly stringent.
It is no matter of surprise, therefore,
to learn that not only was there no
improvement in average flock produc
tion. but that there was actually a
slight decline in production during the
selection period.
Yet. the results show conclusively
that the average egg production pe
fowl in the country at large can be in
creased. If the Maine station can raise
and maintain poultry flocks capable of
laying annually an average of 125 eggs
per fowl, with individuals having a
laying capacity ranging from 150 to
more than 200 eggs a year, and do It
without the introduction of now blood,
surely the farmer and practical poultry
keeper can do the same thing with sys
tematic hatching, care and feeding of
their flocks. This is the practical les
son from these experiments which
should not be lost to view, notwith
standing the station’s failure to in
crease still further the egg production
of the flocks by breeding from its best
layers.
In the earlier tests, which Sought
particularly to deal with the practical
side of poultry keeping, it had been
noted that the daughters of hens that
had produced 200 or more eggs each in
tb< pullet year did not usually make
high egg records and were in fact no
better layers on the average than bird s
from the general flock, and when a new
plan of breeding was adopted in th>
year 1907-08 one of the factors of its
working hypothesis was "to discover
by means of pedigree analysis thos
individuals of the general flock whii i
possess high fecundity in Inheritable
form."
Cine other practical feature of the
Maine station poultry experiments re
lates to the subject of inbreeding—that
is. the maintenance of the flocks fo‘
thirteen years without the introduction
of new blood. C>n this point the con
clusion is reached, after a summary of
the first ten years' breeding work, that
"there is no evidence that the amount
of inbreeding practiced duiing the mass
selection experiment had any unfavor
able influence on either the egg pro
duction or the general vitality of tne
stock."
It would probably be risky, however,
for the owners of small flocks to adopt
this conclusion as a wmkiftg hypoth
?sis. The Maine station flocks always
contained more than 300 fowls and
usually nearer 1,000, and this gave op
portunity for avoiding close inbreeding
which could not be practiced by th--
average poultry keeper. But in tests . >
determine whether the introduction of
new blood had any advantages, tit,-
station bulletin states that the femab s
in the om c.iss mating.- which pro
duced adult daughters had the high, i
egg production records, and though th.-
gain was not notablx large, still what
advantage did arise was "in favor of
the foreign cockerels -that is, of tb-»
broad-breeding side of the expeii
ment." Evidently, then, the advan
tages of new blood in poult > breeding
■t- egg production are undeniable at -I
should be regular!.' ptticli, <-d ir. farm
ers and keepers of small flocks.—(.'nun
tr\ Gentleman.
THREE FOWLS OF UNUSUAL MERIT
~l . - '
FOWLS MOULTING
EARLY THIS YEAR
This Means Big Egg Crop.
Flock Needs But One Feed
ing a Day in Summer.
By J. EVANS SMITH. New Orleans.
Brom the manner in which birds are
moulting hereabouts, it is likely th‘y
I will have passed over this desultory
process at least two months earlier
| than last year. when the moulting
period dragged through almost the en
tire winter. This will mean a 'greater
egg yield for this year, better lesul'.s
for the breeder and more general satis
| faction all around. .
It has ever been a pt active Jj<re.- due
largely to the prolonged sftmtners. ;6
Itu'n the birds out in th< fields June 1
'and to let them hustle for a living, bar-,
ring a night feed, From June 1 until
September 1, the cost of keeping them
on a farm where they get all the green
food and bugs they can devour is small.
What eggs they lay during these months
more than pay for their feed.
In the summer the young birds get in !
the habit of roosting in the trees, but |
once they are placed in the breeding!
pens they take to the roosts for want cfj
of a perch elsewhere. During the hot
summer months the trees are, no doubt,
the best place for them. In the trees
they are free from mites and other in
sects likely to be encountered in a
house, and they have the advantage of
fresh air and a cooi place.
It Is a question whether birds in this!
climate do not get along just as well;
out in the open, both summer-and win- I
ter. If this be the case, it would have
the effect of revolutionizing the poultry!
industry. H. H. Stoddard, of Rivieta,
Texas, has been keeping a large flock
of White Leghorns on a poultry farm
without a house on it. barring only the
granary. He tells me he gets :i good
average egg yield both summer and
winter. His birds roost on “horses"
without anything over their heads. In
the winter lie arranges a wind-break
behind them to keep the storms from
blowing them off the roosts.
Whether such a procedure be feasi
ble or not. the fact remains titat the
farmers of the far South will continue
to let their chickens hustle for them
selves during rhe summer months. The-,
are willing to feed them at night, but
are glad to have them away the rest of
the time. Often they fail to collect the
eggs more than once a day during
sweltering weather, and in consequent ■’
the Southern egg sells for less on the
market than does the Northern egg. It
is in the out-of-the-way sections of the
South that the cheapest, also the worst,
eggs are to be had. In this enlightened
age it Is still possible to jump off at
some out-of-the-way railroad station
on a branch line, hire a buggy and go
through the country buying eggs at
eight and ten cents a dozen. Some of
the eggs will be freshly laid, some will
be nest eggs, and most of them dirty
eggs, it is this class of egg that is be
ing shipped North and which is reject
ed unless sold b. low the regular mar
ket quotations.
Nowhere does the poultry and egg
business offer greater opportunities
than hereabouts Here chickens can
take care of themselves year in and
year out in so far as housing is con
cerned. and can always find an abun
dance of animal and vegetable food, a
big factor in the problem of feeding.
Reliable Poultry Journal.
CAN THEY STAY WHITE’
White Orpington breeders are still
arguing vigorously oyer the question
of whether or not genuine stay-white
males can be bred At present the ten
dency of the mg'les is to show a brass.'
coloring after a moult or two. especially
if they have been exposed tn the norma'
amount of sun and tain. The breede r
believe in time that this failing < an br
eliminated. In the meantime the Whit.
< >• pingtons continue to lie one of Ann : -
teas mo.-t popuiai fowls.
HF
..., " %
H . -■ ■ - -
Al lhe right, a splendid White Orpington pullet owned by
Khodesville poultry farm. Athens. At the loft, one of the many
superb Buff Orpingtons owned by \ . A. 11am. formerly of Xew
nan : below, a White Plymouth Rock cockerel which is one of the
many fine birds in the yards of Bacon <£ Heywood, Guyton.
ADVICE TO SHIPPERS
AND BUYERS OF EGGS
WASHINGTON, I), C, Aug. 10. -It
is a conservative estimate tna' more
than $45.000,000 is lost in the egg
producing sections annually because of
improper handling. Tikis enormous loss
is due to small egg.--, ( lacked and brok
en eggs, dirty, stale, heated (hatched)
and rotten eggs. Just think of the
waste this sum means, from the time
the mother hen loses from her business
of egg laying in order to hatch and
bring up the hens that lay these wasted
eggs, to the money that the housewife
pays for the bad egg that cannot be
used. It is a loss to you. to the farm
er, to every one in the egg business,
and to tin consumer. Will you assist
its in our effort to save tills loss and
to improve the egg that finally gets to
market .'
When farmers, peddlers, merchants,
etc., come to you with eggs for sale,
talk to them about the improvement of
the market egg. and < nlist their co
operation in the elimination of this
great loss. Here are some of the fun
damental points to be considered by
all egg men. whether producers, ship
pers. or middlemen:
1. Encourage the production of large
eggs This can lie accomplished by
keeping pur. bred "general purpose"
breeds of fowls, hatching only the eggs
that weigh at bast two ounces apiece
and from only the most vigorous stock.
A higher price for, large than for small
eggs will help along the argument.
2. Infertile eggs do not hatch, do not
form blood rings and seldom form black
rots. If tile male birds are sold pt
penned up after June 1 the flock of
hen-- will lay mote eggs and they will
be infertile.
3. A year-round observation of New
York egg receipts showed that ovet 12
per cent were dirty shelled, and sold
for a lower pri< e on this account. You
should buy these dirty eggs at a lowet
price, for you are p,.;d less for them.
If one ne.-t is provided for each six
hens, in a cool, dark place, kept ( lean I
and vermin free, dirty eggs will be re
duced to a minimum,
4 More than to pet cent of the egg
:■< (-rived in New York during the year
ire "seconds.” because they are stale.
T. II join egg men that gathering eggs
etery afternoon, ot twice daily in hot
• * s>
's
i’ /' . ' . ' / / ...= ' • ■' ' , \
Z_L..
or murky weather. keeping them in a
cool, clean, dry place until marketed
and marketing at least once a week,
and more frequently in the summer
time, will reduce the number of stale
eggs greatly. ■if course, stale eggs are
worth less money than fresh eggs, all
along the line.
5. t'an you eonvim.-e your trade that
eggs from stolen nests and from incu
bators tire never fit for sale.' If the
farmer thinks they are good, reliable
food urge him to eat them at home.
For. -Ince the egg buyer can afford
to pay more for large, clean. fresh,
whole-shelled eggs it is good business
for the farmer to use small, dirty,
clacked eggs at home.
6. Do you know how to candle eggs.’
If not, b-arn, and learn quickly! There
is no other way by which you can de
termine the worth of w hat you are pay
ing for. Having yourself learned how
to grade eggs, show the merchants,
peddlers and farmers in ynur neighbor
hood. by means of the ( indie, what
kind of eggs they are bringing to you.
Farmers are not scamps, nor egg buy
ers angels. Show tin- farmer the kind
of eggs you cannot pay for and in- will
find away to eliminate the bad egg
and to make tin- good egg even better
7. When first quality eggs come to
your packing house what mean- do you
take to keep them so until they get
to market" To build up and keep a
good reputation for your output you
must grade carefully and uniformly;
pack in good fillers, flats, and eases:
shii> quickly and under good conditions.
If you would be c leased among up-to
date shippers you must have mechan
ical refrigeration that the chilling of
the egg may begin the minute you re- .
eeive it. Candle in a room where the I
temperature does not go above 55 de
grees F. Ship chilled, in a good i'-‘
frigerator cat in (ar lot-. If you can
not ( hill the eggs befori shipping, use
a tefrigeratm car. well iced, and ship
only the minimum load, that the eggs
tniij re> eiv< the benefit of the ice be
fore jhe market is i—ached.
Send this letter, or copies of it. Io
tin- egg people In your vicinity if it will
sei ve to strengthen yout argument for
la tter egg ha nd ling.
M. E. PENNINGTON, Ph. D.
Approved:
JAMES \\ ILt-'.'N, Secretary.
BLACKLANGSHAN
GROWS POPULAR
Fine Old Utility Breed Is Now
Coming Back and Taking
Its Accustomed Place.
By DR. W. M. DRAKE.
Comparatively little has appeared in
| the poultry press of late in regard to
| the Black Langshan as a utility fowl,
though a few years ago no breed stood
higher In this particular and they were
I conceded to be very close to the head of
! the list.
While with the passing of time other
■ breeds and varieties have appeared tn
lattract the fancier and while advertls
| ing on a large scale has boomed and
I pushed to the front* some of these new.
er breeds, the lordly Langshans have
lost none of their good qualities, hut
i possess today the same sterling quali
ties that made them popular and a
general favorite a few years ago.
When in 1907 a pen of Black Lang
shans carried off the honors in the
Australian laying contest, with an av
erage of 249 eggs per hen, the breeders
i of other varieties read the announce
ment with some surprise, but it came
as no surprise to those who had bred
nr wore breeding the Langshans. for
the breed Is one that has the laying
habit, and has It strong. Any one who
has ever bred them will tell you. re
gardless of what variety they- may now
have, that the - , never had better lay
ers than the Langshans. The writer
has had pullets begin laving In No
vember that kept It up, skipping a day
now and then, until they began to
moult the next August, without be
coming broody. They' lay’ a large egg
larger in fact than almost every other
breed except possibly the M inorcas.
The color is a rich brown and is quite
uniform.
Although they are a rather large
breed, the standard .weights being
| about the same as for Plymouth Rocks,
they stand confinement well and do
| not seem to require the range that the
i small breeds do. Look into the uen at
| almost any time and you w ill see them
busy. This may account for their re
markable laying propensity , even when
I confined in a small house or yard.
They are of such a disposition that a
I four-foot f. nce has never failed to keep
■ them In for me, and while I had all
I kinds of trouble even with a six-foot
fence when keeping other breeds, those
j troubles were a thing of the past when
i I took up breeding Langshans.
While they are not Inveterate setters
las are some of the larger varieties, they
I nevertheless make most excellent moth
i ers and usually begin laying again
I when the chicks are five or six weeks
old.
They have some years of breeding
back of them, hence breed true to type
more readily than some of the newer
breeds. While there are almost as many
different shades of red and buff and
sonit' other colors as there are judges,
"there is just one black color, which
| mak<-» it easier to breed for fancy
points.
Os late years the breed has been
| coming into Its own. Its good quali
!ties are being once more recognized
l.imi it is seen in ever increasing num
bers in the show room. Every year
! finds it gaining neyv friends among
I those who yvlsh a first-class-, all-round
! fowl.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
A meeting was held in July in Lon
don to complete the organization of the
Intel national Association of Poultry
ilnstrueto's anil Investigtitors. This
organization was set in motion fout
i y. a■ - ago in Ameri-a and then included
ion y members from the I’nited States
[and Canada Since then it has been
h in its
I-cope and Edward Brow n, of Reading
| England. Europe's foremost authority
on poultry, has been named president.
Orpingtons.
FOR SALE— pen—seven hens and
one cockerel; all raised last year; par
ties leaving city. Bell phone Main 5371-.1,
BLA(’K ORPINGTONS--Cocks. hens
cockerels, pullets, summer prices Hal
Riviere. Kirkwood, < ;.i
FOR SAT.E Ruff Orpington pullets and
cockerels, March hatching, at $1 each.
FT I Leaptrot, Pinehurst. Ga. 8-7-22
Black Langshans.
Ri.Ai’K LANGSHANS, old and young
Ntock for sale Rose Valley Farm. Box
943. Atlanta. Ga 8-8-2
Bantams.
BANTAMS—Came Bantams, Sebrlghts.
Buff Cochlnsi Carlisle Cobb. Athens,
<7» 4-36-31
Wyandottes.
GULDEN LACED and Columbian Wyan
dottes. S. C R. I. Reds. eggs. $1 and
$2 per 15. \V D. Bennett. Molena. Ga.
12-13-33
Ducks.
INDIAN RI’NNER DI'OKS Either pen
ciled or fawn and while at *1 each: good
ones; time yet to raise stock order todav
Munnimaker Poultry Farm. Normandy.
Tenn. 5-25-3
INDIAN Runner Ducks, fawn and white,
at special bargain this week. 126 East
ave . Kirkwood. 28-8 a
Eggs.
WHITE WYANDOTTE
EGGS.
EUi >M extra fine pen of the famous Eish
el strain bred-to-lay birds: unexcelled
. for beauty and vitality . $5 per fifteen.
Mrs. Ella M. Harrison. College Park
I ' S-1 tp 7 4
TH ORO VGH BRKD Buff Orpingt on eggs,
$1 per fifteen. $5 per hundred. 126 Wind
sor street. Main 3t>Bß 4-27-25
Pigeons.
FOR SALE At a great sacrifice. 500 Car
iteau pigeons, guaranteed from imported
Belgium stock. W T Graves. Demopolis.
Ala. 8-JO-69
TWO pair Maltese hens, one pair English
runts, $lO for lot. Guy 'fabler. College
Park. 25-8-9
Miscellaneous Poultry.
TEN one and two-year-old B. I* R. hens,
Tompkins strain, for $7.50. Thirty three
to four-months-old B. I' chickens: fifteen
pullets, fifteen cockerels for sls. fourteen
four-months-old White Leghorns, Bilt
more strain: eight pullets, six cockerels,
for $7.50: two one-year-old Black Minorca
hens, one cock, tour pullets, for $5; one
one-year-old registered Berkshire boar for
S2O. <’arl I Stanley, Dacula, Ga 8-10-2
5.000 EARLY hatched White and Brown
Leghorn pullets, tired for eggs; in num
bers to suit; also Airedale Terriers.
American Poultry Plant. Collins, Ohio.
FOR SALE Have purchased Northern
breeder’s entire flock ' tek Orpingtons
My prices will move them rapidly. 300
old and young W E. Lumley, Tulla
homa. Tenn. 3-30-2
Miscellaneous Poultry. Miscellaneous Poultry.
H. G. HASTINGS & CO.
SEEDSMEN EoR THE SOI TH. Hi WEST MITCHELL STREET.
EOI'R CITY DELIVERIES DAILY. NORTH AND SOI TH
SIDE 9 A. M.. INMAN PARK AND WEST END 2 P. M.
BELL PHONE M. 2568. ATLANTA 2568.
OXi’E I Bl El) lhe “Red Comb’’ Poultry Feeds are al
ways fed.
LEE'S 50c Germozone.
< Rl sll I 1) SI ER Sil ELL is what you need in
order to stop the hens from laying soft shell eggs.
SI.OO a 100 pound bag.
IT IS A GOOD IDEA to begin now feefling your hens
some good laying tonic, by doing this you will aid
them while moulting and start them to laying early.
\\ e recommend either of the foliowingas being good,
and assure you that either of them will give entire sat
isfaction: (’onkey's Laying I’onic. Lee’s Egg Maker
or Rust's Egg Producer. Price 25c and 50c.
“BI G DEATH” \\ ILL KILL insects that bother the
gardens. It is a nonpoisonous preparation especial
ly prepared for this purpose. One pound package
15c. postpaid 35c; 3 pounds 35c, 5 pounds 50c, 12 1-2
pounds SI.OO.
MOCKING BIRD FOOD, bird seed, gravel, manna,
tonic and song restorer. Canary, mockingbird, par
rot and squirrel cages—extra seed and water cups.
IT IS EASY TO CURE fowls that are troubled with
roup. Just get a box of ('onkey's Roup Remedv and
the trouble will be over. 25c, 50e and SI.OO.
TER’MP SEED. TURNIP SEER
WRITE for a ropy of our summer and fall seed Cata
logue.
FOR THE HORSE OR COW that is run down and is
out of condition try Lee's Best Stock Conditioner.
25c and 50c.
FLOWER POTS, fern pots, and pot saucers, in all
sizes.
RID YOUR POULTRY and poultry houses of mites
with (’onkey's N’ox-i-Cide. It is just the thing for a
dip. One pint 35c. 1 quart 60c. 2 quarts 90c. 1 gallon
$1.50.
ALFALFA MEAL, wheat bran. granulated bone,
chicken wheat, beef scraps, etc'.
HEADQUARTERS for drinking founts, feed | tans, grit
and shell boxes, food hoppers, leg bands and poultry
markers.
I. L )( ID LICE KILLER, lice powders and medicated
nest eggs.
GET CONKEA s El A’ KNOCKER and keep your
horse, cow and stable rid of Hies. One quart 35e, 2
quarts 60c, 1 gallon $1.05.
Miscellaneous Poultry.
BILTMORE strain Barred Rocks and S.
C. White Leghorns; eggs for hatching;
fifteen for $1.50. BILTMORE Jersey
calves for sale Address BILTMORE
Farms. BILTMORE. N. C. 1-27-7*
CH LORO- NAPTHOLEUM DIP
AND
LIVE STOCK DISINFECTANT.
GET RID of chicken lice and keep your
poultry healthy. Chloro-Naptholeum
does the work, prevents roup, gape and
other diseases; one quart. 50c; one-half
gallon. 90c: one gallon. $1.50. West Dis
infecting Company, 26 South* Forsyth
street. Atlanta. 7-23-22
Dogs.
FOR SALE—One pair high-bred fox
hound pups from the Walker strain.
I hese are beauties. F. 8.. care Georgian
_«2-8-10
FOR SALE —Beagle hounds, young and
old Rose Valley Farm. Atlanta, Ga
-8-3
COON AND FOX hounds, full blood, red
bone; two years old: three packs will
be sold for the next rive days for half
of regular price. .1. S. Bobo, Villa Rica
Ga 8-6-13
Horses and Carriages.
W ANTED—To rent by week, surrey and
harness for small horse; must be rea
sonable. Answer Postoffice Box 1265
Hogs.
FOR s.\LE- Our entire
lici'il of Berkshire hogs
cheap lor quick sale. Two
as tine boars as Georgia af
fords. and a lot of fine sows
and pigs from t weeks old
to 1(1 weeks old. All got to
sell at once on account of
farm not being large enough
and other business. They
are all registered, and a fine
type. Satisfaction guaran
teed on every hog that we
sell. M. 1). Martin, Carters
ville. Ga. 8-10-44
Cows.
WILL Bl’Y a good cow H. M Phon**
1157. 59-8-10
It's like getting money from home, for
it's money easily made oy reading, using
and answering the Want Ads tn The
Georgian. Few people realize the many
opportunities offered them among rhe
small ads. It's a good sign that if the peo
ple did not get results from the Want Ads
of The Georgian that there would not be
so many of then:. If. for nothing else, sit
down and check off the ads that appeal to
you. You will be astonished how many of
them mean money to you. The Want Ad
pages are bargain counters in every line.
The ads are so conveniently arranged that
they /an be picked out very easy.