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The Poultry and Live Stock Page
200-EGG HEN YET
AN MINTY
Breeding From the Best Lay
ers Doesn’t Always Give the
Expected Results.
By J. B. NORMAN.
FOR a period of thirteen years the
experiment station at Oro
no. Maine, has been carrying
on investigations in breeding Barred
Plymouth Rock poultry for egg produc
tion.
The imporlanee of increasing the egg
supply has been recognized for some
time, and if definite methods of im
proving the average egg production of
fowls can be discovered it will be of
great economic value to farmers and
poultry keepers throughout the coun
try.
Such a consideration as this was the
treason for instituting’ rhe work at the
Maine station in 1898. Bulletin No.
192. recently issued, is a somewhat
long and technical summary of these
investigations
Tn the general summary, the first
conclusion deduced is "that mass se
lection for high egg production on the
basis of the trapnest record of the in
dividual alone did not result in a steady’
continuous improvement in average
flock production, even though it was
continued for a period of ten years."
To the casual reader such a conclu
sion would seem to preclude the possi
bility of increasing the egg production
of flocks of poultry by systematic
breeding.
The conditions, however, are quite
different in these cases and when tight
ly understood the results are by no
means so discouraging as they at first
seem to be.
Statistics show that the average an
nual production of a fowl on farms In
the United States is from 72 to 84 egge.
All thoroughly’ practical experiments
must aim to show that this average
can be greatly increased.
The Maine station experiments be
gan with fowls which annually laid
more than double this number of eggs
The practice in breeding was to use
as mothers of the stock bred in any
year only the hens that laid between
November 1 of the year in which they
were hatched and November 1 of the
following year 150 or more eggs. After
the first year all male birds used in tn»
breeding were the sons of mothers
whose production in their first laying
year was 200 eggs or more. Since the
normal average annual production of
these birds may be taken to have been
about 125 eggs, it will be seen that the
selection practiced was fairly stringent.
It is no matter of surprise, therefore,
to learn that not; only was there no
Improvement tn average flock produc
tion. but that there was actually a
slight decline in production during tne
selection period.
Yet. the results show conclusively
that the average egg production per
fowl in the country at large can be in
creased If the Maine station can raise
and maintain poultry flocks capable of
laying annually an average of 125 eggs
per fowl, with individuals having a
laying capacity ranging from 150 to
more than 200 eggs a year, and do it
without the introduction of new blood,
surely the farmer and practical poultry
keeper can do the same thing'with sys
tematic hatching, care and feeding of
their flocks. This is the practical les
son from these experiments which
should not be lost to view, notwith
standing the station’s failure to In
crease still further the egg production
of the flocks by breeding from its best
layers.
In the earlier tests, which sought
particularly to deal with the practical
side of poultry keeping, it had been
noted that the daughters of hens that
had produced 200 or more eggs each in
the pullet year did not usually make
high egg records and were in fact no
better layers on the average than birds
from the general flock, and when a new
plan of breeding was adopted in the
yea: 1907-08 one of the factors of its
working hypothesis was "to discover
by means of pedigree analysis thos
individuals of the general flock which
possess high fecundity in inheritable
form.”
One other practical feature of the
Maine station poultry experiments re
lates to the subject of inbreeding—tha’
Is. the maintenance of the flocks fo'
thirteen years without the introduction
of new blood. On this point the con
clusion is reached, after a summary of
Ihe first ten years’ breeding work, that
"there is no evidence that the amount
of inbreeding practiced during the mass
selection experiment had any unfavor
able influence on either the egg pro
duction or the general vitality of the
stock."
It would probably be risky. however,
for the owners of small flocks to adopt
this conclusion as a wo king hypoth
esis. The Maine station flocks always
contained more than 30<l fowls and
usually nearer 1.000. and this gave op
portunity for avoiding close inbreeding
which could not be practiced by th”
average poultry keeper. But in tests to
determine whether the introduction ot
new blood had any advantages, the
station bulletin states that the females
in the outcross matings which pro
duced adult daughters had the high' r
egg production records, and though th
gain was not notably large, still what
advantage did arise was "in favor of
the foreign cockerels—that is, of th •
broad-breeding side of the experi
ment." Evidently, then, the advan
tages of new blood in poult: y breeding
for egg production are undeniable and
should be regular!' prnelh- J by farm
ers and keepers of small flocks.—Coun
try Gentleman
| THREE FOWLS OF UNUSUAL MERIT
-
FOWLS MOULTING
EARLY THIS YEM
This Means Big Egg Crop.
Flock Needs But One Feed
ing a Day in Summer.
By J. EVANS SMITH, New Orleans.
From the manner in which birds are
moulting hereabouts, it is likely they
will have passed over this desultory;
process at least two months earlier
than last year, when the moulting
period dragged through almost the en
tire winter. This will mean a greater
egg yield for this year, better results
for the breeder and more general satis
faction all around.
It has ever been a practice here, due.
I largely to the prolonged summers, to.
turn the birds out in the fields June 1 ;
and to let them hustle for a living.' bar-,
ring a night feed. I'rnm June 1 until 1
September 1, the cost of keeping them
on a farm where they.get all the green
food and bugs they can devour is small.
What eggs they lay during these months
more than pay for their feed.
In the summer the young birds get tn
the habit of roosting in the trees, but
once they are placed in the breeding
pens they take to the roosts for want of
of a perch elsewhere During the hot
summer months the trees are, no doubt,
the best place for them. In the trees
they are free from mites and other in
sects likely to be encountered, in a
house, and they have the advantage of
fresh air and a cool place.
It is a question whether birds in this
climate do not get along just as well !
out in the open, both summer pnd w in
ter. If this be the case, it would have
the effect of revolutionizing the poultry
industry. H. H. Stoddard, of Rivieia,
Texas, has been keeping a large flock
of White Leghorns on a poultry farm
without a house on it. barring only the
granary. He tells me he gets a good
average egg yield both summer and
winter. His birds roost on "horses”
without anything over their heads. In
the winter he arranges a wind-break
behind them to keep the storms from
blowing them off the roosts.
Whet her such a procedure be feasi
ble or not? the fact remains that the
farmers of the far South will continue
to let their chickens hustle for them
selves during the summed months. They
are willing to feed them at night, but
are glad to have them away the rest of
the time, often they fail to collect the
eggs more than once a day during
sweltering weather, and in consequence
the Southern egg sells for less on the
market than does the Northern egg. It
is in the out-of-the-way sections of tip
South that the cheapest, also the worst,
eggs are tn be had. In this enlightened
age it is still possible to jump off at
some out-of-the-way railroad station
on a branch line, hire a buggy and go
through the country buying eggs at
eight and ten cents a dozen Some of
the eggs will be freshly laid, some will
be nest eggs, and most of them dirty
eggs. It is this class of egg that is be
ing shipped North and which is reject
ed unless sold below the regular mar
ket quotations.
Nowhere does the poultry and egg
business offer greater opportunities
than hereabouts. Here chickens can
take care of themselves year in and
year out in so far as housing is con
cerned. ami can always find an abmi
dance of animal and vegetable food, a
big factor- in the problem of feeding. -
Reliable Poultry Journal.
CAN THEY STAY WHITE?
White Orpington breeders are still
arguing vigorously over the, question
of whether or not genuine stay-white
males can be bred At present the t< i.-
dency of the males is to show a brassy
coloring after a moult or two. especially
If they have been exposed to the norma!
amount of sun and rain. The breed” s
believe in time that this f—iling can be
eliminated. In the meantime tire White
< b pingtons continue to be one of Amer
ica’s most popular fowls
Kg k
! 1-
I? ttzzzlv --- - :i~
At the eight. ;t splendid White Orpington pullet owned by
Rhodesville poultry farm, Athens. Ar'the left’rtrre of the many
superb Buff Orpingtons owned by V. A. Hani, formerly of New
nan : below, a White Plymouth Rock co -korblivhioh is one of the
many fine birds in t.he yards of Bacon & lleywoitd; Guvton.
—-—--- -
ADVICE TO. SHIPPERS
AND BUYERS OF EGGS
• t ( •
1
WASHINGTON, I). C._ Aug. 1". It
is a conservative estimate that more
than 545.000,000 is lost In the egg
producing sections annually because <;f
improper handling. This enormous loss
is due to small eggs, cracked and brok
en eggs, dirty, stale, heated (hatched)
and rotten eggs. Just think of the
waste, this sum means, from the time
the mother hen loses from her business
of egg laying in order to hatch and
bring up the hens that lay these wasted
eggs, to the money that the housewife
pays for the bad egg that cannot be
used. It is a loss to you. to the farm
er, to every one In thgl egg business,
and to the consumer. Will you assist
us in our effort to save this loss anil
to improve the egg that finally gets to
ma rket
When farmers. peddlers, m rehants,
etc., come to you with eggs for sale,
talk to them about the improvement of
the market egg. and enlist their co
operation in the elimination of thjs
great loss. Here are some of the fun
damental points to be considered by
all egg men. whether producer? ship
pers. or middlemen:
1. Encourage the production of large
eggs. This can be accomplished by
keeping pun hied "general purpose"
breeds of fowls, hatching only the eggs
that weigh at least two ounces apiece'
and from only the most vigorous stock.
A higher price for large than for small
eggs will help along the argument.
2. Infertile eggs do not hatch, do not.
form blood rings and seldom form black
rots. If the mile birds are sold un
penned up June 1 the flock of
hem- will Ity more i ggs and they will
be infertile.
3. A year-round observation of New
York egg receipts showed that over 12
per tent were dirty shelled, and sold
for a lower price on this account. You
should buy these dirty eggs at a lowet
price, for you are |...id less sot them.
If one nest Is provided for each six
hens, in a cool, dark place, kept clean
and vermin free, dirty eggs will be re
duced to a minimum.
4 Mme than 10 per cent of the eggs
received in New York during the year
are "seconds." because they are stale.
Ted vour egg men that gathering eggs
every afternoon, or twice daily in hot
w
* .MW
wk -
J.W ’f .-» ♦>
or murky weather, keeping them in a
■ cool, clean, dry place until marketed.
and marketing at least once a week,
and more frequently in the summer
time, will reduce the number of stale
eggs greatly (if course, stale eggs are
worth less money than fresh eggs, all
■ along the line.
5. Can you convince your trade that
eggs from stolen nests and from incu
bators are never fit for sale? if the
farmer thinks they are good, reliable
food urge him to eat them at home.
For. since the egg buyer can afford
to pay more for large, clean, fresh,
whole-shelled eggs, it is good business
for the farmer to use small, dirty.
, cracked eggs at home.
ti. tjo you know how to candle eggs?
If not, learn, and learn quickly! There
is no other way by which you can de
termine the worth of what you are pay
ing for. Having yourself learned how
to grade eggs, show the merchants,
peddlers and farmers in y our neighbor
hood, by means of the candle, what
kind of eggs they are bringing to you.
Farmers are not stamps, nor egg buy
ers angels. Show the farmer the kind
of eggs you cannot pay for and he will
find away to eliminate the bail egg
and to make the good egg even better
7. When first quality eggs come to
your packing house wh it mean.--.do you
take to keep them so until they get
to market’’ To build up and keep a
good reputation for your output you
must grade carefully and uniformly :
pack in gootl tillers. Hats, and < as. s.
.-hip quickie and under good condition--
Ilf you would be classed among up-to
date shippers you must have mechan
ical refrigeration that the chilling of
the egg may begin t lie minute you re
ceive h. Candie in a room where the
tempi future does not go above 55 de
grees F. Ship chilled, in a good re
frigerator car In .ar lot-. If you can
not chill the eggs before shipping, use
a refrigerator ear, well iced, and ship
only the minimum load, that the eggs
may receive the benefit of the ice be
fore the market is reached.
Send this letter, or copies of it. to
the egg people In your vicinity if it will
serve to strengthen your argument for
better eeg handling
M K. PENNINGTON Ph. 1).
Approved:
JAMES WILSON, Secretary.
BLACKLANGSHAN
GROWS POPULAR
Fine Old Utility Breed Is Now
Coming Back and Taking
Its Accustomed Place.
By DR. W. M. DRAKE.
Comparatively little has appeared in
the poultry press of late in regard to
the Black Langshan as a utility fowl,
though a few years ago no breed stood
higher tn this particular an<l they w T ere
conceded to be very close to the head of
the list.
While with the passing of time other
breeds and varieties have appeared to
iHttract the fancier and while advertis
ing on a large scale has boomed and
' pushed to the front some of these new
er breeds, the lordly F.angshans have
tost none of their good qualities, but
possess today the same sterling quali
ties that made them popular and a
general favorite a few years ago.
When in 1907 a pen of Black Eang
shans carried off the honors in the
Australian laying contest, with an av
erage of 249 eggs per hen. the breeders
of other varieties read the announce
ment with some surprise, but it came
as nn surprise to those who had bred
or were breeding the Langshans, for
the breed Is one that has the laying
habit, and has 1t strong. Any one who
I teas ever bred them will toll you. re
gardless of what variety they* may now
have, that they never had better lay
ers than the Langshans. The writer
has had pullets begin laying In No-
I vember that kept it up. skipping a day
now and then-, until they began to
moult the next August, without be
coming broody They lay a large egg
' larger in fact than almost every other
breed except possibly the
The color is a rich brown and is quite
uniform.
Although they are a rather large
breed, the standard weights being
' about the same as for Plymouth Rocks,
they stand confinement well and do
not seem to require the range that the
syiall breeds do. Look Into the t>en at
almost any time and you will »eo them
busy. This may account for their re
markable laying propensity, even when
' confined In a small house or yard.
They are of such a disposition that a
four-foot fence has never failed to k»*ep
• them in for me. and whik I had all
kinds of trouble even with a six-foot
( fence when keeping other breeds, those
‘ | troubles were a thing of the past when
, I took up breeding Langshans.
While they are not inveterate setters
as are some of the larger varieties, they
. ! nevertheless make most excellent moth
ers and usually begin laying again
I when the chicks are five or six weeks
. : old.
They have some years of breeding '
' back of them, hence breed true to type '
mor* readily than some of the newer;
' breeds While there are almost as many I
I different shades of ted and buff and;
, | some other colors as there are judges,!
there is just one black color, which ;
makes it easier to breed for fancy i
j points.
Os late years the breed has been'
I corning into its own. Its good quali-|
ties are being once more recognized
and it is seen in ever increasing nurn-
I hers In the show room. Every year
finds it gaining new friends among
those who wish a firat-class, all-round
fowl ’
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
A meeting was held in July in Lon
! d«»n to complete the organization of the
! International Association of Poultry
Instructo s and Investigators 'Phi
organization was set in motion four
years ago in America and then included
only members from the I’nited States
and Panada. Sime then it has been
mad'- genuinely international in its
s< ope and Edward Brown, of Reading
England. Europe’s foremost authority
on poultry, ha- been named president.
Orpingtons.
FOR SALE —One pen—seven hens and
one cockerel; all raised last vear; par
ties leaving city Bell phone Main 5371-.1.
. 71-8-10
BLACK <>RPI XGTONS—Cocks. hens
cockerels, pullets; summer prices. Hal
Riviere, Kirkwood, Ga. SS-8-9
FOR SALE Buff Orpington pullets and
cockerels. March hatching, at $1 each.
B I Leaptrot, Pinehurst, Ga. 8-7-22
Black Langshans.
BLACK LANGSHANS. old and young
stork for sale Rose Valley Farm. Box
943. Atlanta. Ga. 8-8-2
Bantams.
BAN “ AMS Came Bantam*. Sehrlxhts.
Buff Cochins Carllsls Cohb, Athens
4-S6-J*
Wyandottes.
GOLDEN LACED anti Columbian Wyan
dottes, S C. R. I. Reds; eggs. $1 and
J 2 per 15. W. D Bennett. Molena. Ga
12-13-33
Ducks.
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS—Either pen
ciled or fawn and white at »1 each; good
ones: time yet to raise stock: order todnv
Munnimaker Poultry Farm, Normandy,
Tenn. 5-25-3
INDIAN Runnet Ducks, fawn and white.
at Special bargain this week 12« East
ave., Kirkwood. 28-8-9
Eggs.
WHIT K W YANI)OTTE
E.GGS.
FROM extra fine pen of the famous Fish
el strain hretl-to-lay birds: unexcelled
for beauty, and vitality; $5 per fifteen
Mrs Ella M. Harrison. College Park
-10-74
Tlit>Rot i;H BRED Buff Orpington eggs.
*1 per fifteen. 45 per hundred. 126 Wind
sor street Main 3588 4-27-25
Pigeons.
FOR SALE At a great sacrifice, 500 Car
neau pigeons, guaranteed from imported
Belgium stock. IV. 'fl. Graves. Demopolis.
Ala. 8-10-69
TWO pair Maltese hens, one pair English
runts. $lO for lot Guy Tablet-, College.
Park 25-8-9
Miscellaneous Poultry.
TEN one and two-year-old B. P. K hens,
Tompkins strain, for $7 50. Thirty three
to four-months-old B P chickens; fifteen
pullets, fifteen cockerels for sls: fourteen
four-months-old White Leghorns, Bilt
more strain eight pullets, six cockerels,
for $7.50: two one-year-old Black Minorca
hens, one cock, four pullets, for $5; one
one-year-old registered Berkshire boar for
S2O. Carl I. Stanley, Dacula, Ga 8-10-2
5.000 EARLY hatched White and Brown
Leghorn pullets, bred for eggs; in num
bers to suit; also Airedale Terriers
American Poultry Plant, Collins, Ohio.
FOR SALE —Have purchased Northern
breeder's entire flock Clack Orpingtons
My prices will move them rapidly. 300
old and young W E. Lumley, Tulla
homa, Tenn. 3-30-2
Miscellaneous Poultry. Miscellaneous Poultry.
SEEDSMEN EOR THE SOUTH. 16 WEST MITCHELL STREET
FOUR CITY DELIVERIES DAILY. NORTH AND SOUTH
SIDE 9 A. M, INMAN PARK AND WEST END 2 P. M.
BELL PHONE M. 2568. ATLANTA 2568.
ONCE TRIED the “Red Comb” Poultry Feeds are al
ways fed.
LE E'S 50c Germozone.
CRUSHTD OYSTER SHELL is what you need in
order to stop the hens from laying soft shell eggs.
SI.OO a 100 pound bag.
IT IS A GOOD IDEA to begin now feeding your hens
some good laying tonic, by doing this you will aid
them while moulting and start them to laying early.
W’e recommend either of the following as being good,
and assure you that either of them will give entire sat
isfaction: Conkey's Laying Tonic, Lee’s Egg Maker
or Rust’s Egg Producer. Price 25c and 50c.
“Bl'G DEATH” WILL KILL insects that bother the
gardens. It is a nonpoisonous preparation especial
ly prepared for this purpose. One pound package
15c, postpaid 35c; 3 pounds 35c, 5 pounds 50c, 121-2
pounds SLIM).
MOCKING BIRD FOOD, bird seed, gravel, manna,
tonic and song restorer. Canary, mockingbird, par
rot and squirrel rages—extra seed and water cups.
IT IS EASY FO CI E¥E fowls that are troubled with
roup. Just get a box ol Conkey 's Roup Remedy and
the trouble will be over. 25c, 50c and SI.OO.
'I URNIP SEED. TURNIP SEeIl
WRITE for a copy of our summer and fall seed Cata
logue.
FOR THE HORSE OR COW that is run down and is
out of condition try Lee's Bost Stork Conditioner.
25r and 50c.
FLOWER PO IS, fern pots, and pot saucers, in all
sizes.
RID YOl R POl LTRA and poultry houses of mites
with Conkey's Nox-i-Cide. It is just the thing for a
dip. One pint 35c, 1 quart 60c, 2 quarts 90c, 1 gallon
$1.50.
ALFALFA MEAL, wheat bran. granulated bone,
chicken wheat, beef scraps, etc.
HEADQUARTERS for drinking founts, feed pans, grit
and shell boxes, food hoppers, leg bands and poultry
markers.
LIQI ID LICE KILLER, lice powders and medicated
nest eggs.
GET CONKEA s ELY KNOCKER and keep your
horse, cow ami stable rid of Hies. One quart 35c, 2
quarts 60c, 1 gallon SI.OO
Miscellaneous Poultry.
. Btraln
C White Leghorns; eggs for hatching;
fifteen for $1.60. BILTMORE Jersey
calves for sale. Address BILTMORE
barms. BILTMORE. N. C. 1-27-7*
CHLOKO-XAPT lIOLEUM - DIP ’
AND
LIVE STOCK DISINFECTANT.
GET RID of chicken lice and keep your
poultry healthy Chloro-Naptholeum
doe.s th» work, prevents roup, gape and
other diseases: one quart. 50c. one-half
gallon. 90c: one gallon. $1.50 West Dis
infecting Company, 26 South Forsyth
street. Atlanta 7-23-29
Dogs.
FOR SALE—One pair high-bred fox
hound pups from the Walker strain.
These are beauties. F. B . care Georgian
FO . R . S ALE—Beagle hounds, young and
old. Rose Valley Farm. Atlanta, Ga
-8-3
COON AND FOX hounds, full blood, red
bone; two years old; three packs will
be sold for the next five davs for half
of regular price. J. S. Bobo. Villa Rica
(ia 8-6-13
Horses and Carriages.
W ANTED—To rent by week, surrey and
harness for small horse; must be rea
sonable Answer Postoffice Box 1265
Hogs.
EOR SALE—Our entire
herd of Berkshire hogs
cheap for quick sale. Two
as fine boars as Georgia af
fords. and a lot of tine sows
and pigs from 4 weeks old
to 10 weeks old. All got to
sell at once on account of
farm not being large enough
and other business. They
are all registered, and a fine
type. Satisfaction guaran
teed on every hog that we
sell. M. I). Martin, Carters
ville. Ga. 8-10-44
Cows.
WILL BUY a good cow. H. M. Phone
4157. 59-8-10
It's like getting money from home, for
It’s money easily made ny reading, using
and answering the Want Ads in The
Georgian. Few people realize the many
opportunities offered them among the
small ads It's a good sign that IT the peo
ple did not get results from the Want Ads
of The Georgian that there would not be
so many of them If. for nothing else, sit
down and check off the ads that appeal to
you. You will be astonished how many of
them mean money to you. The Want Ad
pages are bargain counters In every line.
The ads are so conveniently arranged that
they can be picked out very easy.