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I The Poultry and Ove Stock Page
200-EGG HEN YET
UN UNCERTAINTY
Breeding From the Best Lay
ers Doesn’t Always Give the
Expected Results.
8v J. B. NORMAN.
FOR a period of thirteen years the
experiment station at Oro
no. Maine, has been carrying
on investigations in breeding Barred
Plymouth Rock poultry for egg produc
tion.
The importance of increasing the egg
supply has been recognized to some
time, and if definite methods of im
proving the average egg production of
fowls can be discovered it will be of
great economic value to farmers and
poultry keepers throughout the coun
try.
Such a consideration as this was the
reason for instituting’ the work at the
Maine station in 1898. Bulletin No.
192. recently issued, is a somewhat
long and technical summary of these
investigation.-.
In the general summary, the first
conclusion deduced is “that mass se
lection for high egg production on the
basis of the trapnest record of the in
dividual alone did not result in a steady
continuous improvement in average
flock production, even though it was
continued for a period of ten yeprs."
To the casual reader such a conclu
sion would seem to preclude the possi
bility of increasing the egg production
of flocks -of poultry by systematic
breeding.
The conditions, however, are quite
different in these cases and when right
ly understood the results are by no
means so discouraging as they at first
seem to be.
Statistics show that the average an
nual production of a fowl on farms in
the I’nited States is from 72 to 84 eggs.
All thoroughly practical experiments
must aim to show that this average
can be greatly increased.
The .Maine station experiments be
gan with fowls which annually laid
more than double this number of eggs
The practice in breeding was to use
as mothers of the stock bred in any
year only the hens that laid between
November 1 of the year in which they
we-e hatched and November 1 of the
following year 150 or more eggs. After'
the fir st year all male birds used in th“
breeding were the sons of mothers
whose production in their first laying
yea was 200 eggs or more. Since the
normal average annual production of
these birds may be taken to have been
about 125 eggs, it will he seen that the
selection practiced was fairly stringent.
It is no matter of surprise, therefore,
to learn that not only was there no
improvement in average flock produc
tion. but that there was actually a
slight decline in production during tile
selection period.
Yet. the results show conclusively
that the average egg production pe
fowl in the country at large can be in
creased. If the .Maine station can raise
and maintain poultry flocks capable of
laying annually an average of 125 eggs
per fowl, with individuals having a
laying capacity ranging from 150 to
more than 200 eggs a year, and do it
without the introduction of new Ijlood.
surely the farmer and practical poultry
keeper can do the same thing with sys
tematic hatching, care and feeding of
their flocks. This is the practical les
son from these experiments which
should not be lost to view, notwith
standing the stations failure to in
crease still further the egg production
of the flocks by breeding from its best
layers.
In the earlier tests, which sought
particularly to deal with the practical
side of poultry keeping, it had been
noted that the daughters of hens that
had produced 200 or more eggs each in.
the pullet year did not usually make
high egg records and were in fact no
better layers on the average than birds
from the general flock, and when a new
plan of breeding was adopted in the
year 1907-08 one of the factors of its
working hypothesis was "to discover
by means of pedigree analysis tiios
individuals of the general flock whies
possess high fecundity in inheritable
form.”
One other practical feature of the
Maine station poultry experiments re
lates to the subject of inbreeding—that
is. the maintenance of the flocks for
thirteen years without the introduction
of new blood. On this point the con
clusion is reached, after a summary of
the first ten years’ breeding work, that I
•■there is no evidence that the amount
of inbreeding practiced during the mass
selection experiment had any unfavor
able influence on either the egg pro
duction or the general vitality of the
stock.”
It would probably be risky, however,
for the owners of small flocks to ado| i
this conclusion as a woiking hypoth
esis. Tile .Maine station Hoiks alwav
contained more than 300 fowls ami
usually nearer l.OOii, and this ga\<- op
portunity for avoiding close inbreeding
which could not be practiced by th ■
u”etage poultry keeper But in tests i
determine whether the introduction of
n«w blood had any advantages, tie
station bulletin states that the f-nia. -•
in the’ outc:oss matings which pro
duced adult daughteis had the high’,
egg production records, and though th
gain was not notably la ge, still what
advantage did arise was ’in favor of
'he foreign cockerels—that is, of th ’
■Sroad-breeding side of thi • xpetl-
2nent." Evidently, then. th> advan
lages of pew blood in poult y b "edit*
fo* pgy production ar undeniable and
should be reguia y practiced by farm 1
«•• and keepers ~f sniuij flocks <’io ■, I
FTHREE FOWLS OF UNUSUALT/EIYtT
I
Kami a *
ME - ■ m.
EOWLS MOULTING
EARLY THIS YEM
»
This Means Big Egg Crop.
Flock Needs But One Feed
ing a Day in Summer.
By J. EVANS SMITH. New Orleans.
From the manner in which birds are
moulting hereabouts, it is likely they
will have passed over this desultory !
process at least two months earlier
than last year, when the moulting
period dragged through almost the en
tire winter. This will mean a greater
egg yield for this year, better results
’ for the breeder and more general satis
’ faction all around.
It has ever been a practice here, due
largely to the prolonged summers, to
' turn the birds out in the Helds June 1
and to let them hustle for a living, bar
/ing a night feed. From June j until
■ September 1. the cost of keeping them
' on a farm where they get all the green
food and bugs they can devour is small.
What eggs they lay din ing these months
more than pay for their feed.
In the summer the young birds get tn
the habit of roosting in the trees, but
once they are placed in the breeding
pens tlwy take to the roosts for want of
, of a perch elsewhere. During the hot
summer months the trees are, no doubt,
the best place for them. In the trees
they are free from mites and other in
sects likely to he encountered in a
house, and they have the advantage of
fresh air and a cool place.
It is a question whether birds in this
, climate do not get along just as w.ll
out in the open, both summer and win
ter. If this be the case, it would have
the effect of revolutionizing the poultry
industry H. H. Stoddard, of Rivieia,
Texas, lias been keeping a large flock
of White Leghorns on a poultry farm
without a house on it, barring only the
granary He tells me he gets a good
average egg yield both summer and
winter. His birds roost on "horses"
without anything over their heads, in
the winter he arranges a wind-break
• behind lhem to keep tin storms froth
blowing them off the roosts.
Whether such a procedure be feasi
ble or not. the fact remains that the
farmers of the far South will continue
to let their chickens hustle for them
selves during the summer months. They
are willing to feed them at night, but
are glAd to have them away the rest of
the time. Often they fail to collect the
•eggs mote than once a day during
sweltering weather, and in consequence
the Southern egg sells for less on the
market than does the Northern egg It
is in tiie out-of-Ilie-way sections of the
South that the cheapest, also the worst,
eggs are to be had. In this enlightened
age it Is still possible to jump off at
some out-of-the-way railroad station
on a branch line, hire a buggy and go
through the country buying eggs at
eight and ten cents a dozen. Some of
tlu* eggs will be freshli laid, some will
be nest eggs, and most of them dirty
eggs. It Is this class of egg that is b> -
ing Sthipped North and which is reject
ed unless sold below tile regular mar
ket quotations.
Nowhere does the pmiltl.v and >-gg
busim-- offer gi.-aio opport uti it 1 s
titan hereabouts. Here chickens can
take cate of themselves tear in and
vear out in so far as housing is con
cerned. ami can a ways find an altun
dance of animal am! vegetable food, a
big factoi in the problem of feeding.
Reliable Poultry Journal
CAN THEY STAY WHITE?
White Orpington h'.edeis are still
arguing vigorously ovet the question
of whether or not genuine Maj-white
males yan be hi ed. At present the ten
denet of Ihe males is tn show a biassv
coloring after a moult or two. especial;;,
if th'.v have been <xpos -<| to tm % normH
~ and rain. The breedt s
believe in time r.iat this failing can be
• 1 imill i:oil. In the nn-anlim ■ the W ide
11 > pi ng ton- eon lin He Io be one of Aim
tea s most popular fowls.
i
' J
I
At the right, a splendid Orpington pullet owned hv
Rhodesville poultry farm. Athens. Al the left, one of the many
superb Buff Orpingtons owned by V. A. Ham. formerly of New
nan; below, a White Plymouth Kock cockerel which is one of the
man} fine birds in the yards ot Bacon 6c Heywood, Giivton.
ADVICE TO SHIPPERS
AND BUYERS OF EGGS
WASHINGTON, D. ('., Aug. 10.—It
is a conservative estimate that more
than $45.1100,000 is lost in the egg
prodming sections annually betaifs? of
improper handling. This enormous loss
Is due to small eggs, cracked ami brok
en eggs, dirty, stale, heated (hatched)
and rotten eggs. Just think of the
waste this sum means, from the time
the m ith‘" hen loses from her business
of egg laying in order to hatch and
bling up the hens that lay these wasted
eggs, to the money that the housewife
pays for the bad egg that cannot be
used, it is a loss to you. to the fann
er, to every one in the egg business,
and to the consumer. Will you assist
us in our effort to save this loss and
to improve the egg that finally gets to
market
When farmers, peddlers, merchants,
etc., come to you with eggs for sale,
talk to them about the improvement of
the market egg, and enlist their co
operation in the* elimination of this
great loss. Here are some of the fun
damental points to be considered by
all egg men, whether producers ship
tiers or middlemen:
1. Ilncottrage the production of large
eggs This can be accomplished by
keeping pun- bred "general purpose"
breed- of fowls, hatching only the eggs |
that weigh at loot two ounces apiece
and from only the most vigorous stock.
A higher price lot larije tliau for small
eggs will help along tlte argument.
?. infertile eggs do not hatch do not
form bl<N*<i lings ami seldom form black j
mts. If the male birds ale sold or
penned up after June 1 tin flock of,
hens will lay mote eggs ami they will
be infertile.
3 A .year-round observation of New
York egg recei|ts showed that over 12
pel .. m were dirty shelled and sold
for a lower price on this account. You
should buy these dirty eggs at a lower
pt i'e, fol you are p„id less for them.
If one rust is provided for each six i
hens, in a cool, dark place, kept clean
and ve.min free, dirty eggs will be re
duced to a minimum.
I Moh than 10 per cent of the eggs
received m New York during the year
ne "Si'eunds." because they are stale.
Tell ymtt egg men ilia* gathering eggs
every afternoon, ui twice daily in hot
' I
or murky weather keeping them in a
cool, clean, dry place until marketed,
and marketing at least once a week
and more frequently in the summer
time, yvill reduce the number of stale
eggs greatly. Os course, stale eggs are
worth less money than fresh eggs, all
along the line.
5. Can you convince your trade that
eggs from stolen nests and from incu
bators are never fit for sale* If the
farmer thinks they are good, reliable
food urge him to eat them at home.
For, since the egg buyer can afford
to pay more for large, clean. fresh,
whole-shelled eggs, it is good business
for the farmer to use small. dirty,
cracked eggs at home.
fi. Do you know how to candle eggs?
If not. learn, and learn quickly! There
is no other way by which y ou can de
termine the worth of what you ate pay
ing for. Having yourself learned how
to grade eggs, show the merchants,
peddlers and farmers in your neighbor
hood, by means of the < indie, «h;g
kind of eggs they are bringing to you.’
Farmers are not scamps, not egg buy
ers angels. Show the farmer the kind
>f eggs you cannot pay for and he will
find away to eliminate the bad egg
I and to make the good egg eyen better.
| 7. When first quality eggs come to
your packing house yvb.it means do y ou
take to keep them so until they get
to market? To build up and keep a
good reputation fm your output you
must grade carefully and tjinfformly ;
j pack in good fillets, flats, and cases,
ship quickly and under good conditions.
i It you would be classed among up-to
date shipper- you must ha y mechan
ical ref) igeration that tin < hilling of
the. igg may begin the minute you t.
reive ft. Candle in a room white the
temperature does not go above 55 de
grees F. Ship chilled, in a good re
frigerator ear, in car lot- If you can-j
not chill th< ' ggs befo.. shipping, use
a t est Igerator eat. well iced, and ship
only the minimum load, that tlte <gg.-
| may receive the benefit of tin ice be
fore the market is reached.
Send this letter, or copies of it to
the egg people in your vicinity if it will
serve to strengthen yout argument sot
In tter egg handling.
M. E. PENNINGTON. Ph. D.
Approved .
JAMES WILSON, Secretary.
BLACK UINGSHAN
. GROWS POPULAR
Fine Old Utility Breed Is Now
Coming Back and Taking
Its Accustomed Place.
B-/ DR. W. M. DRAKE.
Comparatively little has appeared in
the poultry press of late in regard to
the Black Langshan as a utility fowl,
though a few years ago no breed stood
higher in this particular and they were
•conceded to be very close to the head of
the list.
While with the passing of time other
I breeds and varieties have appeared to
attract the fancier ami w idle advertis
ing on a large scale has boomed and
pushed to the front some of these new
er breeds, the lordly Langshans have
lost none of their good qualities, but
possess today tlig- same stilling quali
ties that made them popular and a
general favorite a few years ago.
When in 1907 a pen of Black Lang
shans carried off the honors in the
Australian laying contest, with an av
erage of 249 eggs per hen. the breeders
of other varieties read the announce
ment with some surprise, but it came
as no surprise to those who had bred
or were breeding the Dangshans, for
the breed Is one that has the laying
habit, and has 1t strong. Any one who
lias ever bred them will tell you. re
gardless of what variety they may now
have, that they never had better lay
ers than the Langshans. The writer
has had pullets begin laying In No
vember that kept It up. skipping a day
now and then, until they began to
moult the next August, without be
coming broody They lay a large egg
larger in fact than almost every other
breed except possibly rhe Minorcas.
The color is a rich brown and is quite
uniform.
Although they are a rather large
breed, the standard weights being
about the same as for Plymouth Rocks,
they stand confinement well and do
not seem to require the range that the
small breeds do. Look into the pen at
almost any time and you will see them •
busy This may. account for their re
markable laying propensity, even when
confined in a small house or yard.
They are of such a disposljlon that a
foiir-foid fence has never failed to keep
them in for me, and while I had all
kinds of trouble even with a six-foot
fence when keeping other breeds, those
troubles were a thing of the past when
I took up breeding Langshans,
While they are not inveterate setters
as are some of the larger varieties, they -
nevertheless make most excellent moth
ers and usually begin laying again
when the chicks are five or six weeks
! old
They have some years of breeding
back of them, hence breed true to type
more readily than some of the newer
breeds. While there are almost as many
different shades of led and buff and
some other colors as there are judges,
there Is just one black color, which
makes il easier to breed for fancy
points.
us late years the breed has been I
coining Into its own. ils good quail- |
ties ale being once more recognized
ami it is seen in ever increasing num- I
I hers in the show room, Every year
Hinds it gaining new friends among
I those who wish a firs -class, all-round!
fowl.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
A meeting was held in July in Lon
don to complete the organization of th"
International Association of Poultry
Insi rui'toi s and Investigators. This
organization wa- si I in motion four
years ago in Amorita and then included
only members from the I’nited States
and f'anada. Sime then it lias been
made genuin, v Internrllional in Its
scope and Edward Brown, of Reading
England. Europe's foremost authority
on poultry, has been named president.
Orpingtons.
FoR SALE—One pen—seven hens and
one cockerel; all raised last year; par
ties leaving city. Bell phone Main 5371-.].
Bl ACK ORPINGT(»NS—Cocks. hens
cockerels, pullets; summer prices. Hal
Kiviere. Kirkwood, Ga 33-s-b
FOR SALE KufY orpington pullets piid
cockerels. Man>h hatching, at $1 each.
B 1 Lea pt rot. Pinehurst. Ga 8-7-22
Black Langshans.
BLACK LANGSH.ANS. old and young
stock for sale Rose Valley Farm. Box
943. Atlanta. Ga. 8-8-2
- --y ■
Bantams.
BANTAMS Came Bantams. Sebright,.
Buff Cochins Carlisle Cobb. Athena,
G » i-28-3*
Wyandottes.
GULDEN LACED and Columbian Wyan
dottes, S C R. 1 Reds; eggs. $1 and
$2 per 15. W D. Bennett. Molena. Ga
12-13-33
Ducks.
INI >1 AN RUNNER Dt'i'KP Either pen
ciled or fawn and white at $1 each: good
ones: lime yet to raise stock; order today
Munnimaker Poultry Farm. Normandy,
Tenn. S-SS-3
INDIAN Runner Ducks, fawn and whiteE
at special bargain this week. 12fi East
ave . Kirkwood. 28-8 9
Effgs.
WHITE WYANDOTTE
EGGS.
FRo.M extra fine pen of the famous Fish
el strain breri-to-lay birds; unexcelled
for beauty and vitality; $5 per fifteen.
■Mrs. Ella M. Harrison. College Park
-10-74
THOROUGHBRED Buff Orpington eggs.
$1 per fifteen. $5 per hundred 121 M’ind
sor street. Main 3588. 4-27-25
Pigeons.
FOR SALE At a great sacrifice, 500 Car
neau pigeons, guaranteed from imported
Belgium stock. W. T Graves. Demopolis.
; Ala 8-in <9
TWO pair Maltese hens, one i>air Fjiglis| (
i runts. $lO for lot. Guy Tabler, College
| Park. 25-8-H
Miscellaneous Poultry.
TEN one and two-year-old B. P R. hens,
Tompkins .strain, for |7.50. Thirty three
to four-months-old B P chickens; fifteen
pullets, fifteen cockerels for sls; fourteen
four-months-old White Leghorns. Bilt
more strain; eight pullets, six cockerels,
for $7.50; two one-year-old Black Minorca
hens, one cock, four pullets, for $5; one
one-year-old registered Berkshire boar for
12 a L , _l’_^ tan *<*y. Dacula. Ga 8-10-2
5.000 EARLY hatched White and Brown
.Leghorn pullets, hred for eggs; in num-,
hers to suit; also Airedale Terriers.
American Poultry Plant. Collins, Ohio
FOR SALE Have purchased Northern
breeder’s entire flock r. ack Orpingtons.
My prices u ill move them rapidly 300
<4(l and young. W. E. Lumley, Tulla
homa. Tenn. 3-80.-2
Miscellaneous Poultry. Miscellaneous Poultry.
11. G. HASTINGS & CO.
SEEDSMEN' EoR THE SOITH. 16 WEST MITCHELL STREET.
FOUR CITY DELIVERIES DAILY. NORTH AND SOUTH
SIDE 9 A. M, INMAN PARK AND WEST END 2 P. M.
BELL PHONE M. 2568. ATLANTA 2568.
ONCE TRI Hl> the “Red Comb” Poultry Heeds are al
ways fed.
LEE’S 50c Germozone.
(RISIITIIOYSTKRSIIELL is wha? you need in
order to stop the hens from laying soft shell eggs.
SI.OO a 100 |H>und bag.
II IS A GOOD IDEA to begin now feeding vour hens
some good laying tonic, by doing this you will aid
them while moulting and start them to laying earlv.
We recommend either of the following as being good,
and assure you that either of them will give entire sat
isfaction: Conkey’s Laying Tonic, Lee’s Egg Maker
or Rust's Egg Producer. Price 25c and 50c.
“BUG DEATH" WILL KILL insects that bother the
gardens. It is a nonpoisonous preparation especial
ly prepared for this purpose. One pound package
15c, postpaid 35c; 3 pounds 35c, 5 pounds 50c, 12 1-2
pounds SI.OO.
MOCKING BIRD E00I), bird seed, gravel, manna,
tonic and song restorer. Canary, mockingbird, par
rot and squirrel cages—extra seed and water cups.
IT IS EASY TO CURE fowls that are troubled with
roup. Just get a box of Conkey’s Roup Remedy and
the trouble will be over. 25c, 50c and SI.OO.
TURNIP SEED. ~ TURNTP’SEER
WRITE for a copy of our summer and fall seed Cata
logue.
EOR THE HORSE OR COW that is run down and is
out ot condition try Lee’s Best Stock Conditioner.
25c and 50c.
I' LOWER POIS. fern pots, and pot saucers, in all
sizes.
RID \<H RI*OI LI R \ and poultry Imuses of mites
w ith Conkey’s Nox-i-Cide. It is just the thing for a
dip. Ont' pint 35c, 1 quart 00c, 2 quarts 90c. 1 gallon
$1.50.
ALFALFA MEAL, wheat bran. granulated bone,
chicken wheat, beef scraps, etc.
HEADQI ARTERS for drinking founts, feed pans, grit
and shell boxes, food hoppers, leg bands and ponltrv
ma rkers.
LIQI ID LI( E KILLER. lice powders and medicated
nest eggs.
til.l CONKEI S HA KNOCKER and keep your
horse, cow and stable rid of Hies. One quart 35c, 2
quarts 00c, 1 gallon SI.OO.
Miscellaneous Poultry.
BILTMORE strain Barred Rocks and~s'
C. White Leghorns; eggs for hatching;
fifteen for $1.50. BILTMORE Jersey
calves for sale. Address BILTMORE
farms, BILTMORE. N. C. 1-27-7*
CI I LORO-N APT HOLEUM DIP
AND
LIVE STOCK DISINFECTANT.
GET RID of chicken lice and keep your
poultry healthy Chloro-Naptholeuni
does the work, prevents roup, gape and
other diseases; one quart. 60c; one-half
gallon. 90c; one gallon, $1.50. West Dis
infecting Company, 26 South Forsyth
street. Atlanta 7-23-2 J
FOR SALE One pair high-bred fox
hound pups from the Walker strain.
These are beauties. F. B . care Georgian
For SALE Beagle hounds; young and
old Rose Valley Farm, Atlanta. Ga
-8-3
COON AND FOX hounds, full blood, red
bone; two years old: three packs will
be sold for the next live davs for half
of regular price. s. Kobo,’Villa Rica
21 B ' B_U
Horses and Carriages.
WANTED To rent by week, surrey and
harness for small horse; must be rea
sonable Answer Postoffice Box 1265
Hogs.
FOR SALE—Our entire
herd of Berkshire hogs
eheap for quick sale. Two
as tine hoars as Georgia af
fords. and a lot of fine sows
and pigs from 4 weeks old
to HI weeks old. All got to
sell at once on, account of
farm not being large enough
and other business. They
are all registered, and a fine
type. Satisfaction guaran
teed on every hog that \vp
sell. ,\f. I). Martin, Carters
ville. Ga. R-10-44
Cows.
WILL HUY a good cow H M. Phone
H 57 59-8-10
It's like getting money from home, for
it’s money easily made by reading, using
and answering the Want Ads in The
Georgian Few people realize the many
opportunities offered them among the
small ads. It's a good sign that if the peo
ple did not get results from the Want Adg
of The Georgian that there would not be
so many of them. If, for nothing else, sit
down and check off the ads that appeal to
you. You will be astonished how many of
them mean money to you. The Want Ari
pages are bargain counters in every line.
The ads are so conveniently arranged that
they can be picked out very easy
