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*F° W k t J‘ e p Con j urnpti ° n ? f Sugar Has increased from Seventeen Pounds p
Capita Since 1862 to Eighty Pounds per Capita to-day, and How the Stoutness of the American
Woman Has Kept Pace Exactly with This Increase.
Because They Keep on Eating
More Sugar and Candy (See
the Official Figures!) Which not
Being Needed for Heat or
Force, Changes into Fat
AMERICAN women are the
stoutest among those of all
civilized nations.
And they are growing stouter!
The reason is the enormous con
sumption of can<V, together with
other forms of sugar, by the female
population of the United States. The
fatness of the women of various na
tions is In exact proportion to their
consumption of sugar. The Ameri
can woman, by reason of the vast
quantities of candy she consumes, is
the fattest of all.
The consumption of sugar has been
increasing all over the world by leaps
and bounds for many years. It is
still increasing, therefore we are
still growing fatter. Only one na
tion beats the United Statei. in sugar
eating, and that is England, but
while the sugar consumption of the
average Briton slightly exceeds that
of the average American, counting
both sexes, the English woman Is
completely outclassed by the Ameri
can woman as a sugar eater on ac
count of the latter's great fondness
for candy
Foreign artists have been accus
tomed to caricature the American
as a lean, cadaverous person. This
is no longer true; of the average
American man and cf the American
woman it is the revert. of the truth.
She is distinguished from all Euro
pean women by superior stoutness,
progressing to fatness In elderly
specimens. English women of the
upper classes on the other hand ex
hibit a, quit remarkable sh derness.
and Fx nc women, taking them
throughout the whole nation, pre
serve their figures even more suc
cessfully
Statistics kept at Washington
show that at the period of the Civil
War our sugar consumption was only
eighteen pounds annually per head.
By 1872 it had run up to forty
pounds. In 1884 it jumped to fifty
four pounds It was over sixty
pounds In 1891. reached seventy
three pounds three years later, and
in 1897 tr seventy-eight
pound Last year was. about
eigh r ’s.
This enormous increase is simply
the growth of luxury. We spread
our prosperity over our persons.
Sugar is used to-day, not only In
greater quantities, but in many more
ways than formerly. For one item,
sugar is utilized in immense amounts
in putting up canned goods and
other kinds of preserved foods. But
one of the most important employ
ments of sugar, of course, is in the
making of candy, the production of
which in the United States has in
creased astonishingly within the past
few years.
To illustrate this last point, take
the census figures. It. 1899 there
was manufactured in this country
160,644,000 worth of candy. In the
next ten years the output more than
doubled, reaching $134,796,000 in
1909.
Naturally, the great cheapening of
sugar has had much to do with its
increased use; and this cheapening
has been due mainly to the develop
ment of processes for making beet
sugar, which, relatively trifling in
amount a few years ago, now fur
nishes just about half the total
quantity we produce.
The average citizen in the United
States consumes more than half his
own weight in sugar every
year. The sugar bill of
this country aggregates
$1,000,000 for every day in
the year. Our total con
sumption of sugar is about
seven billion pounds a
year, or eighty pounds for
every man, woman and
child in the United States.
Italy uses ten pounds of
sugar annually per head.
Russia uses seventeen
pounds; Austro-Hungary,
twenty-eight pounds;
France thirty ■ seven
pounds; Germany, forty
five pounds and Great
Britain. eighty - five
pounds.
The world’s total pro
duction of sugar has
doubled In the last twenty
five years. We consume
one-fifth of it Os this
quantity utilized In the
United States, half i 8 i m .
ported, and the other half
is almost equally divided
between the output of our
own country and that of
our non contiguous posses
sions. Porto Rico. Hawaii
and the Philippines.
Candy in this country
may be said to occupy the
Place of a staple f OO(1
Many women and chib
dren, on many days of
their lives at all events, get
more nourishment from ft
everything else they eat n tflnn fron ’
This will be better understood s"’
It is explained that granni»/5 Wh<?n
..m M r«.„, Pn r™xr r
When starch, i n the
bre . ad ’ ,tatOPS - et c.. is
to be transformed into sugar by the
chemistry of the body before it can
be assimilated. But sugar does not
have to undergo any such prelim
inary process, and is taken up by the
digestion so rapidly that it acts as
a rather powerful stimulant. This
in fact, is the reason why it tends
to quell the craving for alcohol.
Every candy shop l s a formidable
enemy of the saloons.
We In the United States are great
sugar eaters because, as a people, we
have more luxury than any other
nation. An additional reason may
be found in the remarkable physical
activity of Americans, who, forever
hustling and on the go, need a
raplidly-utilizable fuel to run the
body machine. Sugar is a condensed
fuel, physiologically speaking.
Starch, or its modification, sugar,
produces within the body heat, force
or fat. Sugar is the form most easily
utilized for these purposes, and
.ence the craving of tin, normal
body for sugar.
.
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Madame Nordica as She IsJo day, after Finding a Method of Correcting This Growing
• tendency of American Womanhood.
After the sugar has reached our
Intestines It is conveyed through the
portal vein to the liver, where it is
converted Into a substance called
glycogen. This is carried by the
blood for use as heat or force to
the muscle; i al' parts of the body.
But if a larger amount of sugar is
taken than can be utilized in heat or
force production, it may be deposited
as fat. The glycogen distributed by
the liver changes into fat in the
muscles if it is not needed for heat
or force. Thus the use of sugar
tends to obesity.
Fat may accumulate about the
heart, overburdening this organ so
that it cannot perform its functions
properly. The general accumulation
of fat throughout the body weakens
the muscles, and this effect may be
so pronounced as to Interfere seri
ously with a person’s usefulness,
mere is no substance-more capable
wo Harmless Flesh Reducers Which May Be Like Nordica’s
one pound of epsom salts in a tubful of water as hot
as you can bear . Mix in a handful of violet powder.
Bathe nightly m this for ten minutes and measure the reduction
of your weight and bulk. Dissolve two pounds of washing soda and
a pound of bicarbonate of soda in a tubful of water hot as you can
b ear it.. Bcthe nightly for ten, minutes. This may make the skin
rough, in which case the frequnency of the baths should be reduced.
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of producing this condition than un
digested sugar.
Should a woman stop eating candy
because she is growing fat? Not
necessarily, a reduction of starch
consumption and of sugar in other
forms than candy may produce the
desired results. After a meal from
which sugar has been largely ex
cluded the candy will taste better.
Then it must be kept in mind that a
proper amount of exercise will use
up the sugar in the way nature in
tended it should be used.
But a woman who has accumulated
too much fat cannot always take
violent exercise with safety. What
is she to do?
Madame Lillian Nordica, the
famous and handsome prlma donna,
recently found herself in danger of
losing the graceful outlines that had
so greatly uuipeu uer to success, one
searched earnestly for the e
of restoring her youthful &
She succeeded. On this paß e
tells how she did it.
It is among the v'omen ot
prosperous classes that the e **
dency to obesity is nos<- marke
They h.vo the most money -o
spend on sugar and candy and the
least occ sion to ic it up as sue
in the course of hard work. It is
true tn; there -a set of fashion
able persons: i a the larse cities, in
which the women by tneir devotion
to outdoor ; poi > extreme
care o their bodies have succeeded
in cultivating n anmirable slimness,
but th y form a n .erically insig
nificant part of the whole popula
tion.
Here it may be noted that ex
treme frugality in diet has become
quite common in fashionable so
ciety solely with the object of pre
serving r slender flgu-e. Twenty
prominent matron in the very
limited smart set of New York
could be mentioned who practice
extraordinary self-denial in their
diet, among them are Mrs. Cornelius
Vanderbilt, Jr., at Mrs. Ava
Astor. The touch only one dish
at dinner and sip only a glass of
mineral water dis egarding the long
succession of foods and wines which
are commonly place i on the tables
where they dine.
But such abstinence s unknown
among the vast majo.lt- of the pros
perous families of the country.
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Madame Nordica as She Found Herself in Danger of Losing
Her Figure Two Years Ago.
Lillian Nordica Tells
How She Grew Thin
By Mme. LILLIAN NORDICA (Mrs. G.W. Young)
TO grow fat is to grow old.
What I have to say is not for young things who
golf all day and dance far into the night. It is
for those who have passed thirty.
The first stage of middle age is that we are less in
clined to exercise than before. We make our head save
our heels, our brains save the body effort, and the re
sult Is a mounting sea of fat. The sea rises and rises,
and after a while we begin to notice that the clean-cut
* contour has vanished. In vain we seek our lost profile
It is sunk, hopelessly, we think, submerged in a sea of
unwelcome flesh.
The physiology of the matter is this: Years have rob
bed us of a desire to exercise With lack of exercise
comes lack of circulation. When the flesh has weak
rivers of blood flowing sluggishly through It, it does
not float, off, so to speak, on the current of that river,
but remains stationary. Let me think of a simile. Like,
we will say, the silt in the river. The sand and refuse
remain at the bottom of the river If the stream is not
strong enough and swift enough to bear them away.
As we grow older, I have observed that we eat more.
It is true that we eat far too much sugar. As we grow
older we digest morg slowly our food. I have read that
It takes an hour longer to digest a dinner after we reach
forty. At any rate, it requires an appreciable time longer.
And because of this growing inertia of age we don’t
exercise it off. We sit still and let the sea of fat rise
and all but drown us.
Then, suddenly, we grow desperate because we think
we are losing our “looks.” and we begin to diet. We
diet cruelly and we lose flesh where we can least afford
to lose it —in our faces. We lose ten pounds of flesh
and gain ten years in age.
We drag ourselves about In violent exercise. We walk
until we are ready to faint. If we are Spartan-like, we
lose more flesh and gain more age.
Life becomes a torture of emptiness to us. We eat
a little chicken and drink a little tea, and we walk and
walk, or golf and golf, or punch bags and punch bags,
until’ we are so tired we go home and go to bed and
> sleep rflne hours and eat a hearty meal, and get back
all the pounds that have been lost.
I've tried all these things, and I know. I know so much
that. I was in despair. In despair, not only for myself,
but for my countrywomen. I saw them at smart functions,
in London, always beautiful, always radiant, with high
spirits and intelligence, but always a little too fat. The
English women walked among them unencumbered with
flesh, like free spirits. I became dejected. Then a good
spirit, a practical friend, whispered to me that the secret
of return to normal weight was not violent exercise. It
was not radical diet, which is another name for starva
tlon. It was perspiration. “Whatever induces free per
spirtion causes loss of flesh,” she said. I experimented.
I can now keep myself at any weight I desire.
I wish I were at liberty to say what my secret is, but I
cannot —not now.
Let it suffice that I have discovered that the royal
road to reduction of weight is neither diet nor violent
exercise, but perspiration. That there are certain simple
powders that can be placed in the bath that cause
perspiration. Thus one can keep her face, can enjoy
life, can seem not older, but younger Reduction has
at last lost its terrors to me.
I eat what I like and exercise only enough to keep me
well. Os course, I do not advise eating grossly, and the
: criticism that we are a nation of sugar, eaters is just
iI am not surprised that eighty pounds'a year is the
■ amount credited to each Individual, nor that we doubled
i the quantity of sugar consumed in ten years. As a na
, tion, we eat too many sweets. And sweets turn to fat
i because they,are indigestible. Whatever remains long
■ in the body is liable to turn to fat cells. More
; than 134,000,000 pounds of candy are eaten by our women
; and turn into from twenty to fifty pounds of above nor
i mal fat in their bodies.
One fact I have learned I want to pass on to mv
i countrywomen. When reducing, measure the loss'by a
- tape measure rather than your scales. Actual fat Is bulkv
and puffy, but weighs little. Watch your shrinkage.
I
ITALY—
-10 lb. per Head
120 lb. av. Weixbi
RUSSIA-
17 lb. per Head
130 lb. av. Weight
I II B
AUSTRIA-
28 lb. per Head
140 lb. av. Weigh*
£7 J
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FRANCE—
-37 lb. per Head
14C lb. av. Weight
GERMANY—
-45 lb. per Head
160 lb. av. Weight