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IlKARST’S SUNDAY AMERICAN, ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY, .TUNE 1. 1913.
Japan and
Former Officer of
the German Ar
my Sums Up the
Strength of the
Two Nations on
Land and Sea.
By LIEUT. L. S. SCHLE1STER
(Formerly of the G.rman Army.)
In view of the. protest of Japan
against the anti-Japanese Legislation
of California, a comparison of the
armies and navies of the United
States and Japan is interesting. While
diploma's are generally agreed there
is no probability, of war, due to Jap- j
sn’s heavy Indebtedness resulting
from the Russian war, her belligerent
attitude has evidently amused Amer
ican officials to a realization of the
danger of armed conflict, with the ap
parent result that mysterious move
ments of troops are taking place,
which according to those in author
ity at Washington, should not be ac
cepted as in any way significant.
To begin with, in the event of war
with Japan, it is probable that al
most all of the fighting would be con-'
fined to sea battles. The great bur
den of the war would be upon
the navy, and in that respect, tlie Un
ited States more than outranks Japan.
Another very’ necessary thing In
event of war Is money, and the Un
ited States have not only large fund
at hand but unlimited credit, neither
of which has Japan.
Japs Have Large Army.
On the other hand, however, Japan
far outclasses the United States with
her army. Not only Is the army
much larger, but It Is far better train
ed. for the Island Umpire has in her
service thousands of seasoned veter
ans of the war with Russia. There
are men who have smelled powder
and seen the flash of steel who know
something of the hardships of the
campaign. The United States stand
ing army is so hopelessly small that
in the event of war you would have
to rely almost wholly upon a volun
teer army.
In theory the United States has an
unorganized militia" of more than
10,000,000 men. in the Statesman’s
Year Book, published for the uae of
diplomats and army and navy men,
the strength of the American “Unor
ganized Militia” is given at that fig
ure. This is purely on paper, how
ever for the "unorganized militia”
consists of tile number of tlie men
the United States hopes it would be
possible to raise by successive call
for volunteers.
Courage Ranked Equal.
The regular army of the United
States has not smelled powder since
0
on a War Basis—A Comparison
Possibilities of a
Clash With the
Country of the
Mikado Are
Discussed by an
Expert.
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Farmer California—Well, boy. you have very nice seeds.
This is the best soil for your seeds; plant them here.
Boy—Thank you,
(From the Asahi).
THE CUNNING POLICY OF FARMER CALIFORNIA.
Boy—Say, Uncle, the flowers are coming up.
Farmer California—Is that »o? Do as much as you can
to cultivate them.
12 ~
mil n w
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r a
c. At
is •<»
fc 7
b It
to b
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to
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(Five years later). Plants bear good fruit.
Farmer California—Get out,
(Farmer pulls out gun).
you! This is my garden.
the Hpanish war. You are therefore
at a distinct disadvantage as regards
experience of your fighting men. It is
not the Intention of this article to
discuss the courage of the soldiers of
Japan and the United States. It is
probable that the men of the two
countries rank about equal In this
respect, as evidenced by the Ppanlsh-
Amerlcan war and the Japanese-Hus-
slan war. American soldiers have
many times proved their markman-
ship, as, also, have the Japanese.
The question considered by mili
tary authorities is whether Japan
would not find it advantageous to
seek a war. She is facing home
problems from which the minds of
her people might be distracted by
foreign conflict. At the same time
she might, by war with the United
States, be able to gain control of the
Hawaiian Islands or the Philippine
Islands and In that war gain room
for her rapidly increasing population.
More Land Is Needed.
A large part of Japan is impossi
ble to cultivation. The result is that
the feeding of the Japanese people is
no small task, and it has become very
important for Japan to enlarge her
territory.
It has been the policy of the Jap
anese Government to encourage emi
gration. More than 200,000 Japanese
are living abroad, most of them in
the United States or its Island pos
sessions. There are some 79.674 Jap
anese in the Hawaiian Islands alone.
By encouraging emigration Japan
managed to get Just that many more
away from home thereby escaping the
problem of feeding them and at the
*
(From The Nippon.)
NOW AND—BEFORE.
Uncle Sam is here shown first as the solicitous bearer, through
his missionaries, of the doctrine of “peace on earth and good will
to men,” and eventually as a raging lion, forgetful of the cross,
and about to devour the Japanese.
(From The Hochi.)
RUNNING AMUCK.
The California attitude against the Japanese is pictured by
this cartoonist as a wild-eyed American (representing California)
running amuck and branishnig a knife over a terror-stricken boy
(representing the Japanese). The boy says: “Say. Uncle, have
vou again got hysterical? Dangerous! Dangerous!”
same time increasing the number of
Japanese who are studying and learn
ing the way of the Europeans.
As a result of the war with Rus
sia Japan’s national debt was increas
ed by $85,000,000. Her total national
debt foreign and internal is to-day
about $1,450,000,000. and is steadily
increasing.
The Japanese army is modelled af
ter the German. The peace strength
of the army Is estimated at 230,000
men. The United States is not al
lowed under the law’ to have at any
time a standing army of more than
100,000 and at the present time is be
low that figure. The strength of the
United States army on June 30, 1912,
aocording to the report of Major Gen
eral Leonard Wood, Chief of the
Genera] Staff, was officers 4.812. en
listed men, 81,409. Including the
Philippine scouts and the hospital
corps, it brought the army to 4,428
officers -and 82,490 enlisted men. It
is said that the army now probably
totals 90,000 including officers and en
listed men.
Japan Has Large Reserve.
In addition to her standing army,
Japan has a large reserve army of
trained men. Outside of its regular
army, the United States w’ould have
to rely upon volunteers and the State
Militia, the latter totaling in num
bers about 100,000 partlj r trained men.
According to the last report of the
Secretary of War, the American reg
ular army was distributed as follow s:
In the United States 61,584
Tn the Philippines of the reg
ular army 10,970
Philippine scouts (natives) . .. 5,660
In China 1,256
In Porto Rico 614
In Hawaii 3,969
In the Canal Zone 821
Troops en route and officers at
other foreign stations .... 1,859
General Wood in his report called
attention to the necessity of organ
izing at once a large reserve army of
men who have served in the regular
army, the militia or the marine corps.
General Wood said:
“We cannot be considered as even
reasonably prepared for war until we
have provided a reserve sufficient to
build up to full war strength the- reg
ular army and the militia, when call
ed into the United States service.”
As a result of ;he urgent insistence
of General Wood, Congress some
A WEARER OF GRAY IS BARD FOR THE BLUE
The bard of Memorial Day, the poet
of the national cemeteries, is Theo
dore O’Hara. The Federal Govern
ment has so designated him. In
every national cemetery from Arling
ton, Va., to Custer’s battlefield in
Montana and back again to where the
fighting men of the United States
sleep in the city of Mexico may be
read on tablets the verses of “The
Bivouac of the Dead.”
It Is a strange circumstance that
the man who thus becomes the
spokesman of the spirit of the battles
of the nation was one who fought
against the Union for the four years
of the Civil War. Theodore O’Hara
was a Confederate soldier who distin
guished himself at Shiloh and guided
the hand of Gen. Breekenridge at
Stone River.
O'Hara’s career was romantic and
unusual. He followed the bent of his
heart and fought as a soldier of for
tune in many lands and knew little
but adversity. His greatest day came
when at 27 he rose to a great occa
sion and wrote at a sitting that poem
which has been declared by its admir
ers to rival Gray’s “Elegy.” On an
other great day he received in his
arms on the field of battle the dead
body of his commander. Albert Syd
ney Johnston, and on another he cry
stallized the spirit of Daniel Boone in
his only other poem, “The Old Pion
eer.”
Was Born in Kentucky.
O’Hara was born in Kentucky in
1820. His father was a political ref
ugee from Ireland. The cider O’
Hara was a man of culture and drill
ed his son in Greek and steeped him
in the classics. Theodore went to
Washington, where he served as a
clerk in the Treasury Department,
nis personality so impressed men in
lirgh places with whom he became
acquainted that he was appointed a
Captain in the army just prior to the
breaking out of the Mexican war.
When the American army rushed
into Mexico the young Kentuckian
was at the battles of Buena Vista and
Chapultepec, and wherever else there
was fighting, and so well did he bear
himself that he was brevet ted a Ma
jor for gallantry in action. The spirit
of the man was so restless that he
did not remain with the army, but re
signed when peace was restored and
practiced law in Washington for a
while, but found other adventures
iiat appealed more strong!*
| It was about this time that the
•opez uprising occurred in Cuba, and
P*i
enlisted in the cause of the lib* ration
THE BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD
By THEODORE O'HARA
T HE muffled drum’s sad roll
has beat
The soldier’s last tattoo:
No more on life’s parade shall meet
The brave anc! daring few.
On Fame’s eternal camping ground
Their silent tents are spread.
And Glory guards with solemn
round
The bivouac of the dead.
No answer of the foe’s advance
Now swells upon the wind;
No troubled thought at midnight
haunts
Of loved ones left behind;
No vision of the morrow's strife
The warrior's dreams alarms;
No braying horn nor screaming
fife
At dawn shall call to arms.
Their shivered swords are red
with rust;
Their plumed heads are bowed;
Their haughty banner trailed in
dust
Is now their martial shroud;
And plenteous funeral tears have
washed
The red stains from each brow.
And their proud forms, in battle
gashed.
Are free from anguish now.
The neighing steed, the flashing
blade.
The trumpet’s stirring blast,
The charge, the dreadful cannon
ade.
The din and shout are past;
No war’s wild note, nor glory’s
peal,
Shall thrill with fierce delight
Thoso breasts that nevermore shall
feel
The rapture of the fight.
Like the dread northern hurricane
That sweeps his broad plateau,
Flushed with the triumph yet to
gain.
Came down the serried foe.
Our heroes felt the shock and
leapt
To meet them on the plain;
And long the pitying sky hath
wept
Above our gallant slain.
Sons of our consecrated ground,
Ye must not slumber there,
Where stranger steps and tongues
resound
Along the heedless air.
Your own proud land’s heroic soil
Shall be your fitter grave:
She claims from war his richest
spoil—
The ashes of her brave.
So ’neath their parent turf they
i’est;
Far from the gory field;
Borne to a Spartan mother’s breast
On many a bloody shield.
The sunshine of their native sky
Smiles sadly on them here.
And kindred hearts and eyes watch
by
The heroes’ sepulcher.
Rest on, embalmed and sainted
dead!
Dear as the blood you gave,
No impious footsteps here shall
tread
The herbage of your grave;
Nor shall your glory be forgot
While fame her record keeps
Or honor points the hallowed spot
Where valor proudly sleeps.
Yon marble minstrel's voiceless
tone
In deathless songs shall tell.
When many a vanquished age hath
flown.
The story how ye fell.
Nor wreck, nor change, nor win
ter’s blight.
Nor time's remorseless doom.
Shall dim one ray of holy light
That gilds your glorious tomb.
of that island and sailed away to fight
its battles. O’Hara commanded one
of the regiments that participated in
the disastrous fight at Cardenas, and !
from that battlefield he was carried
sorely wounded.
In the years that followed the!
young adventurer played the game of
♦ ditcr in many Southern cities. Ini
Mobile he was editor of John For
sythe’s paper while that gentleman'
was absent as Minister to Mexico.
Ultimate!} he became editor of his
own paper, the Yeoman, in Frank
fort. Ky. It was here that the occa
sion arose that led to his writing his
famous poem.
Many experiences had been crowd
ed into a span of 27 years of living
when in 1847 the State of Kentuckv
«*nt to Mexico and brought back the
remains of her soldiers who had died
in the war and buried them with mil
itary honors in the State cemetery it
Frankfort.
O'Hara was asked by the Governor
< ‘ Kentucky to write and read a
soldier he was held in high esteem.
poem upon the occasion of the burial
of these his comrades. In the office
of the Yeoman in Frankfort the lin?s
that now are scattered throughout
the National cemeteries of the coun
try were penned. In a little saloon
across the Street from the State
House they were first read, and the
auditors were former comrades In
arms. Those who heard it pronounced
the poem good, and on the following
day it was read over the remains of
the Kentucky soldiers who had died
in Mexico.
The nook in the State cemetery at
Frankfort where these men were
burled has come peculiarly to shadow
forth the spirit of O’Hara. The State
erected a tall shaft in honor of the
Mexican martyrs. When O’Hara read
his poem there he little realized that
he was detailing his own epitaph
and that he too would rest there and
that these same lines would appear
on his tomb. Yet such were the
facts.
The. years that Intervened between
the writing of this poem and the out
break of the civil war were spent by
O’Hara in much the same manner
that other editors and men of letters
of the time passed their lives. Col
O'Hara gained distinction as an ora
tor of polish, went on a number of
diplomatic missions for his country
and mingled freely with the men of
affairs of his time. None of his en
terprises was particularly successful,
and at the outbreak of the Civil War
he was but the brilliant editor of a
struggling paper in Mobile, Ala.
Became Alabama Colonel.
When the Civil War broke out
O’Hara, then just past 40. immediate
ly volunteered for service. He be
came Colonel of the Twelfth Alabama
Volunteers and was at first assigned
to guarding the entrance of Mobile
Bay. Later he was on the staff of
Gen. Albert Sydney Johnston. As a
O’Hara was with Johnston at the
conflict at Shiloh. It was into the
arms of the Irish American poet-
soldier that Johnston fell mortally
wounded in “the rapture of the fight.’
General John C. Breekenridge had
been an intimate friend of Colonel
O'Hara throughout his life. So it
came to pass that after the death of
Johnston O’Hara was transferred to
the staff of General Breekenridge and
became its chief. In that capacity he
served to the end of the war, par
ticipating in many an action and
gaining particular distinction in the
heroic charge at Stone River.
When the war was finally over
Colonel O’Hara began the task of re
trieving hhs fallen fortunes. Ill luck
followed him. At Columbus. Ga., he
went into the cotton business and
fire destroyed his warehouses and
wrecked his business. Much discour
aged. he retired to a plantation on
the Chattahoochee River, where two
years later he died of fever. At the
time of his demise he was 47.
$$$$$$$$$
BOOK REVIEW!
By EDWIN MARKHAM
WHERE HALF THE WORLD
IS WAKING UP.
Owing to the Japanese problem now
so acute in California the* following
account has timely interest . It Is
taken from Clarence Poe’s book,
“Where Half the World Is Waking
Up,” a book sent out recently by the
Doubleday-Page Press. Mr. Poe says
of the Japanese farms:
“Forty-six farmers out of every one
hundred in Japan own less than one
and one-quarter acres of land; twen
ty-six more out of every one hundred
own less than two and one-half acres,
and only one man in a hundred owns
as much as twenty-five acres.
Ordinarily, however these little
handkerchief-sized farms yield amaz
ingly. It has been shown by Profes
sor F. O. King that the fields of Japan
are cultivated so intensively, fertiliz
ed so painstakingly, and kept so con
tinuously producing some crop that
they feed 2.277 people to the square
mile, and that 21,321 square miles
of cultivated fields in the main lands
support a population of 48.542,367. If
the tilled fields of Iowa, for example,
supported an equal number of people
per square mile, the population so
supported would be over 100,000,000.
That State alone could feed the en
tire population of the United States
and then have an excess produce left
for export to other countries.
“These Japanese lands have been
In cultivation for unnumbered cen
turies.
"Of course, with a population so
dense and with each man cultivating
an acre no larger than a garden patch
in America, the people are poor: and
the wonder Is that they are able to
produce food enough to keep the
country from actual want. Practical
ly no animal meat is ever eaten. If
we except fish, the average American
eats nearly twice as much meat in
a week as the average Japanese does
in a year; to be exact, 150 pounds of
meat per capita is required per year
for the average American against 1.7
pounds for the average Japanese.
Many of the farmers here are too poor
even to eat a good quality of rice.
Consequently Japan presents the odd
phenomenon of being at once an ex
porter and a large importer of rice.
Poor farmers sell their good rice and
buy a poorer quality brought in from
the mainland of Asia and mix it with
barley for grinding.
“Only about one farmer in three
has a horse or an ox; in most oases
all the work must be done by hand
and with crude tools. It is pitiful—
or rather it would be pitiful if they
did not appear so contented—to see
men breaking the ground not by
ploughing hut by digging, with ku-
w r as—long-handled tools with blades
perhaps six inches wide and two feet
long.
"With land so scarce it is. of course,
necessary to keep something on the
ground every growing day from year’s
end to year’s end. Truckers and
gardeners raise three crops a year.
The crops in Japan are not very
varied. Rice represents half the
agricultural values. Next to rice is
th: silk-worm industry, and then
barley, wheat, vegetables, soy beans,
sweet potatoes and fruits.
“The hillside or mountain slopes
are cultivated to the last available
foot, and In dry seasons you may
even see the men and women carry
ing buckets uphill to water any suf
fering crop.”
MAN AND WOMAN.
Does any one man understand
women to the extent of striking an
average of good and bad qualities as
distinguishing the female of human
kind? Believe us, there isn’t a man
on earth who can absolutely under
stand one woman, nor is there a
woman who can interpret even one
man with exactness. But any man or
woman can set up personal opinions
of both sexes, singly and in the aver
ages
Here’s Arthur L. Salmon with his
brand-new book. “Man and the Wom
an”—published by Forbes & Co.—and
he strikes tinder and Illuminates
traits of character which he assigns,
through comparisons, to the sexes.
The book is interesting and dis
plays an acutfe sense of discrimina
tion. Salmon does not subserviate
either sex; but he does admit that
there is no woman who cannot twist
most men round her little finger. He
says “there is no woman who cannot
veil her identity, conceal her true
feelings, or ape an emotion she does
not feel.”
If ever! Here’s a man who owns
right up that woman has the leading
grip on mankind! Let that pa^s.
There are bundles of entertaining
analyses in the book.
* * ♦
GREATER LOVE HATH NO
MAN.
As dealing: with a supreme sacrifice,
Frank L. Packard's novel, Greater
Love Hath No Man (George H. Do
ran Company, J1.25) has much to rec
ommend it.
Whether there exist such persons
as Varge, the hero, is a matter of
opinion. At 'any rate, Varge does
exist in the story, and, moreover, is
a very, real and human individual
Nameless and dependent, he is
adopted by a kindly old doctor and
his wife, under whose care he grows
to manhood, realizing that he owes
everything to them and scorning to
leave them to better his own position.
Their son is a ne'er-do-well, who
has spent money freely and finally
returns home to ask for more. In
the midst of a heated discussion at
night the son kills the father and'
creeps up to Varge’s room to ask him
to take upon himself the burden of
guilt.
This conception gives rise to many
conjectures in the mind of the reader
many men and women, actuated by
devotion, have made supreme sacri
fices for friends, but the shouldering
of a cold-blooded murder to clear the
skirts of another is asking a good
deal.
Varge refuses but finally consents
months ago took steps to provide for
a reserve.
While the United States has ex
pended huge sums upon battleships,
so has Japan. The Mikado’s Empire
commenced constructing battleships
with feverish energy soon after the
end of the Russian war. Already
heavily in debt, Japan increased its
indebtedness and so she will burden
the people with taxes that It has now 1
practically reached a point where It
would be profitable to detract the at
tention of the people with war scares
if not actual war. even though that
war would mean still heavier taxes
and the turther contraction of debt
The following is a comparison of
the sea strength of the United States
and Japan:
U. S. Japan
Battleships (Dreadnought
Class) 8 3
Battleships 25 18
Armored Cruisers .... 11 13
Cruisers 15 14
Destroyers 42 58
Torpedo Boats 20 64
Coast Defense Vessels 4 2
Submarines 23 ll
Dreadnoughts in Course
of Construction 5 1
Admirals of the Fleet 1 1
Vice Admirals 0 17
Admirals 0 2
Rear Admirals 24 45
Captains and Com
manders 212 292
Other Line Officers ... 1,417 1,818
Midshipmen at Sea .. 0 154
Engineer Officers .... 0 683
Medical Officers .... 317 368
Pay Officers 221 34l
Chaplains 23 0
Warrant Officers .... 697 1,520
Enlisted Men 47,469 42,043
Marine Officers 306 0
This makes the total number of en
listed men and officers in the service
of the United States 60,617 as against
47,289 for Japan.
Comparison of Tonnage.
The tonnage of the vessels of the
American totals 773,107 and the ton
nage of those of Japan 471,858. Il
the vessels of both navies now build
ing were ready for service the ton
nage would stand: United States,
898,545, Japan, 613,714.
Japan has in course of construc
tion a battleship of the dreadnought
class known as the Fuse, which in
tonnage, according to report, will ex
ceed any vessel in the American na
vy. She is to be of 30,000 tons dis
placement. The American Congress,
however, has authorized the construc
tion of a dreadnought battleship to
be known as the Pennsylvania to bd
of 31,000 tons displacement She will
not be ready until 1916.
$$$$$$$$$
when he realizes what the real etor;
would mean to the mother and h
makes all his plans in the room wher
the murder has been committed t
fasten the net about himself securelj
He breaks open the money box t
make it appear that his crime is act
uated by greed and the case goes t
trial with the lawyer firmly convince 1
that Varge is playing a part.
He is sentenced to life imprison
ment, and when he is in jail ha be
gins to know some of the real bitter
ness of living.
It is here that the warden’s daugh
ter enters, and Varge feels the ligh
of love shining over him. How h
balks the courting of the girl by th
man for whom he has sacrifice'
everything and at last wins her him
self, is told in a story that grips t
the end.
Gratitude like that shown by Varg
is rare in this world, yet the autho
deals with his subject In a manne
that is as powerful as it is con
vincing,
By H. EFFA WEBSTER
FARO NELL AND HER
FRIENDS.
Always a new book by Alfred Henry
Lewis is welcome, but it doesn’t hap
pen often. Lewis is so busy using; his
spectacular vocabulary in bursts of
political analysis and in splendidly
exploiting general conditions or peo
ples and municipalities, via news
papers and magazines, that he too
seldom builds fiction in short stories
and novels. But recently a new Wolf-
ville novel comes to us from the press
of G. W. Dillingham; this time the
perpetrations of this up-and-ready
pioneer Western town is captioned
“Faro Nell and Her Friends.” The
book is alive with the atmosphere
of the desert, the winds billowing over
the sage brush and bristling cacti, and
with the license of “personality”
typical of frontiersmen.
In this book the author shows sub
tle adaptation to the change of con
ditions in the still sparsely settled
stretches of Western wilderness-'.
Moreover, he carries characteristic
trends of human tenderness in the
hearts of these inhabitants of a coun
try where the merest polish on civil
ization is considered a “verdancy”
unbecoming a properly toughened
man.
Faro Nell is a girl of the sturdily
sympathetic sort, and her friends
have the qualities that make for tried-
and-true comrades, although they are
parties to many wild adventures,
sometimes tragically fatal. Cynthi-
ana. Dead-Shot Baker, Dave Tutt,
Rucker
Black Jack and Mrs.
among Nell’s friends.
The author dedicates this bool
thus: “To William Eugene Lewis, ai
marking my appreciation of w'hai
qualities place him high among th<
best editors, bes»t brothers and be?
men I’ve ever met.—A. H. L.” Al
the Lewises, three, have accompllghec
literary and newspaper work in Chi
cago.
• * *
LOVE’S SOLDIERS.
Among the new books tided lnt<
market is one entitled “Love's Sol
diers,” published by Cassell & Co
The essential element of this novel h
love; this emotion is the dominatlnj
influence of everybody Involved Is
the plot, which is environed with du»
iness ambitions, with thrills of hap
piness, with heart throbs, with th<
fruition of golden hopes and wltl
great rewards for honorable en
deavors.
Robert Hayes, left desolate by th«
death of his mother, finds a little
gir! abandoned to the life of th«
street. Robert adopts the child anc
engages the services of a young wom
an as "help” in the care of the little
person. He falls in lo^e with Mollie
daughter of the head Of the bank in
which he is employed, but his “mod
erate circumstances” intervene to
temporarily separate them
The “little person” proves an af
fectionate bond between Robert and
Mollie. Other beloved personages
come into the game. There’s a finish
of several delightful love amalgama
tions and—all ends happily.