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TIEARST’S SUNDAY AMERICAN, ATLANTA, GA., SUNDAY. SEPTEMBER 7, 1913.
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The True Aim of the Scientific Race Breeders— Sir James Barr
One of England’s Most Eminent
Thinkers Dispels Some Misapprehen
sions About Eugenics and Discusses
the Vital Importance of the
Kind of Marriages,
* By SIR JAMES BARR,
M. D., LL. I)., F. R. C. P., F. R.S. EDLN.
T HE study of eugenics la largely concerned
with the propagation and rearing of
healthy and Intellectual children, and
therefore is an extremely wide subject, as
anything which is calculated • to lead to the
moral, intellectual, physical and social Im
provement of the human race; but as charity
begins at home we are primarily concerned
with national eugenics, the Improvement of
our breed, and we should endeavor that the
English-speaking peoples shall not be out
stripped in the human race.
We are naturally concerned with the study
of sexual subjects, which we are trying to
raise from that dbgraceful ribaldry and ob
scenlty with which mankind has frequently
treated this sacred function. The propagation
of the species Is the highest and noblest
function of the human body, and when people
begin to recognize the enormous responsibility
they incur In bringing human beings into the
world this function will be studied and exer
cised to elevate and not to debase mankind.
Only 'or the wonderful working of Nature’s
laws In eliminating the unlit, the haphazard
manner In which this function has been usu
ally exercised would have left us with an even
more degenerate population than that which
we now possess. If the same care were taken
we now possess.
The science of Eugenics labors under great
difficulties, because it is popularly misunder
stood. One hears It constantly stated that the
eugenist wishes to Introduce to the human
race the principle of the stud-farm and scien
tific breeding as carried out In the lower crea
tlon. We wish to do nothing of the kind. We
tell you plainly that the factors which make
for the higher evolution of the human race
are extremely numerous, and not all well un
derstood, so we only wish to educate the pub
lic In known facts, and then allow the fit to
work out their own salvation In their own
way
Some time ago the editor of a Journal asked
me to give him my Ideas as to the measure
ments of the perfect man. It was very com
plimentary to be asked to set up such a stand
ard, but I did not quite like the work, as I felt
that all my friends would be left out In the
cold, and 1 would run a great risk of being
literally scalped, so 1 simply replied that 1 had
not come across that variety of the human
species, and I did not know what he was going
to do with the perfect man when he found him,
as such probably would not be fit for this mun-
danH sphere, but in my opinion the tnlnd is the
measure o" the man. I fel' M.*n that I was on
safe ground, as every one would apply hla own
measure, and would frequently stretch an Inch
to an ell. Yfra rarely meet with a miserable
being who does not think he has got a gigantic
mind.
Robert Iwmls Stevenson was a beautiful
writer, and many of his epigrams are very fine
but much of his writings will not bear analysis
according to the hnrd rules of facts, and I am
convinced that If he had not been phthisical he
would have written better and much more
sanely. I shall leave to our teetotal friends the
question of his sanity when he wrote: “Lastly
(and this Is, perhaps, the golden rule) no
woman should marry a teetotaller or a man
who does not smoke." I know a great many
women who hold that this Is the most sane ad
rice which Stevenson ever gave.
Sir Francis Gallon. the founder of the Eu
genlcs Education Society, defined eugenics as
"the study of agencies under social control
that may improve or impair the racial qualities
of future generations either physically or men
tolly." If you treat the subject from the broad
standpoint of national eugenics, then every
nation has largely the control of its own des-
thy, except for Interference from Its neigh
bors, and It is the duty of every nation to
maintain Its virility, so that It may be able to
meet Its opponents and competitors on equal
terms.
The laws of Mendel show that the evolution
of the race does not arise from any fortuitous
concatenation of circumstances, but follows
definite laws. Each individual, whether animal
or vegetable, arises from the union of two or
ganisms male end female, or, as they are
termed, gametes, and the fertilized ovum or
individual Is spoken of as the zygote. Now
the great law of Mendel consists in showing
that the charade, of the Individual depends
on the segregation or separation of the gametes
of the parents and their un'on to form the off
spring. It is highly probable that the deter
mination of sex itself may eventually be found
to he due to such segregation.
The Mendelian law upsets the Darwinian
conception of evolution as proceeding through
the gradual transformation of masses of in
dividuals by tlie accumulation of impalpable
changes. The great advantage of the Men
delian system is that It ts analytical and ex
perlmental. so that tf the system were rigidly
carried out you could breed whatever charac
ters you wanted In a few generations. The
difficulty is to know what characters lead to
the elevation of the race, but If we do not
know all the characters we want, wc do know
many of those which we do not want, so we
should begin our campaign by eliminating the
undesirable*. the Idiots, the Imbeciles, the
fccble-mindeJ. the insane, the useless wastrels,
he pr< eaaional paupers, the habitual drunk
ards. the habitual criminals, and many tjer-
editary diseases.
1 am frequently asked the question: How
is it that very great men often have very
common-place sons? And some of my
Radical friends frequently hurl the Dame
of the late Right Honorable William Ewart
Gladstone at my head, as the best ex
ample they can conjure up. This. I think, is
very rough on the family and very tnconsider
ate un the part o my Radical friends. I do not
know anything about the family, nor do 1
know anything about the late Mrs. Gladstone,
who had an Important share In the production
of the family, but I do know that some of the
collateral branches of the Gladstone family are
far ahead of the average intelligence.
What li much more to the point, and this
applies to other great men. who do not produce
able sons, the Very exceptional greatness of
Mr. Gladstone wss to large extent acquired by
bis Indomitable perseverance, and we know
from Weismann that acqu red characteristic*
ar%.Aot transmuted. 1 do not know uk one
spark of original genius which he ever ex
hibited, and his nanej is not to be mentioned la
the same breath with Darwin, Kelvin, Lister,
Lodge, Ramsay and a host of others. You have
got to atudy the innate qualities when you are
considering the question of heredity.
There is another point which troubles s good
many people, as to how to explain the great
mental and physical differences which are of
ten observed among members of the same
family. This Is no puzzle for the disciples of
Mendel. You have only got to probe deeply
into the family history and you will find the
different characteristics in previous genera
tions. fn many families there is often a bad
strain latent, and when it crops up It should be
eliminated ns soon as possible. Clever parents
may not always produce clever children, but
feeble-minded parents never will. The Men-
dellan law of Inheritance is well exemplified In
the lower creation. My friend, Mr. R. D. Lau
rie, has shown that If you cross a black Anda
lusian fowl with a white one, all the offspring
of the cross will be blue. If you proceed to
cross these blue birds among themselves 26
per cent, of their eggs will hatch into white
birds like one grandparent, 26 per cent. Into
black birds like the other grandparent, and 60
per cent. Into blue birds like their Immediate
parents.
Moreover, the blacks or whites transmit only
blackness or whiteness, respectively, whereas
the blues have the same powers of transmitting
as their blue hybrid parents. That Is to say
the characters blackness and whiteness are
unit characters, capable of Independent trans
rnisslm, the heredity of which, moreover can
be definitely prophesied, and the Inten
slty of which is not weakened during
the process of crossing. They segre
gate in adeflnlte way in the grand-
filial generation. This principle of
segregation of distinct unit charac
ters has been found experimentally to
hold In the case of a large variety
of characters numbered In hundreds
of animals and plants.
Jacob of old rather forestalled
Mendel. He was a wily old Hebrew,
and anything which be did not
know was not worth knowing in
those days. Witness how lie selected
the dominant colors for himself, and
all hp had got to do was to put a
few dominant striped bulls among
tlie herd and then there would be
at most 25 per cent for Laban. Ills
striped rods were a inakebelleve, ex
cept they were used for driving
away til* recessive bulls. He also se^
lected ths black or brown sheep, and we know
that black is dominant to white; so poor
Laban, who was then living three miles away,
bad not the ghost of a chance with his wily
son-in law; In fact, as he confesses, Laban only
got the weaklings.
It would seem to me that the great financial
ability of the Jews Is Inherited from this wily
and unscrpulous Hebrew. No theory except
that of Mendel w-ould *cplain the origin of two
such oppostte characters as Esau and Jacob
from the same parents, and they afford an ex
cellent example of the difficulty which we have
In arriving at the survival value of different
characteristics.
It has been statistically found that there are
a greater number of defectives among the first
born than among later members of families,
and on this account some would abolish the law
of primogeniture. In my opinion these defects
are entirely due to the faults of the parents;
the worry and anxiety of marriage and the In
discriminate love-making, which frequently
follows, does not give the first-born a fair
chance. When parents begin to understand the
laws of Inheritance and recognize their great
responsibility in the production of children, this
state of matters will be put right. Under nor
mal, healthy conditions, apart from accidents
at birth, there is no reason that 1 can see why
the urst-born child should not be as good as any
which follows. The illegitimate or chance
child, the result of strong passion rather than
of subdued love, is often an exceptionally able
individual.
In the present day this old country is largely
resting, as Roosevelt would say, on that broken
reed sentimentality, and we have all manner of
crack-brained schemes for tinkering with the
Constitution, but there are few who will lay
the axa to the root of the rotten tree and plant
a healthy sapling. Eugenists recognize the fact
that the Individual Is not responsible for his
appearance on this earth, hence they would
take every possible'care of the degenerate, and
would only Impose on him the restriction of
not producing offspring who would have good
reason to curse their parents if they had suffi
cient intelligence to do so. Eugenists wish
not only to prevent the multiplication of the
unfit, but also to encourage the propagation of
the fit In all classes of society.
If man be made In the Image of God
we wish to make him worthy of that
image. We wish to ennoble him and to
abolish ignorance and bestiality. The ad
vancement of the race largely depends on
women, and therefore they should be educated
in Nature’s laws. If women were only a little
more particular in the selection of the fathers
of their families, a rapid advance would soon
be achieved. Some girls with a large amount
of sentiment in their composition marry men
to reform them, but if they were instructed
in the Mendelia*. law they would soon learn
how hopeless Is such a task, and what misery
they . re apt to bring on the next generation.
Some parents estimate the suitability of a
suitor for their daughter's hand by the amount
of cash which he has at command without any
regard to character or health. Such things
ought not so to be.
'Nature weeds out the unfit, but on account
of our benevolence and charita
ble sentimentality the mental
and physical weakling has
often, in the present day, a
better chance of survival than
the strong and the fit Tlie
degenerate not only survive,
but are more prolific than the
intellectual; they are not ham
pered by any economic laws,
and they rapidly produce an
other generation more degen
erate, than themselves. The
positive aspect of eugenics is
the more valurble because it
would raise the race to a
higher plane, while the nega
tive aspect would merely pre
vent the race sinking to a
lower level. Even the latter
wouid be a great point gained,
and could be easily attained if
society would only wake up to a
sense of Its enormous responsibility. If we
only stopped the reproduction of the unfit, the
fit would then be able to look after themselves,
and the evolution of the race would go on
rapidly.
Medical science la In no small degree re-
By EDWIN MARKHAM and H. EFFA WEBSTER
By EDWIN MARKHAM
To Reap and to Sow.
In 1889 first appeared L. H Bailey’s
useful compendium, “The Farm and
Garden Rule Book” (The MacMillan
Company, $2.00). Now, after as many
reprints as the flightiest best seller, it
reappears in a larger and more com
plete form than ever before.
The field of scientific horticulture
has enlarged In the last twenty years,
and this volume alms to cover every
salient need of the planter. So we
get knowledge of the weather and soil
and fertilizers, of seedtime and har
vest and their necessities, of pests and
their destruction, of live stock and
their conservation, and of a hundred
other things that bear on our making
friends with the “churlish turf.”
“Lanagan.”
Lanagan. amateur detective, the
newspaper man of San Francisco
whose keen perceptlves make him a
second Sherlock Holmes, has appeared
in book form (Sturgis, Walton & Co.,
$1:30).
The author, Edward D. Hurlbut,
knows his newspaper world well, and
these stories, which appeared in mag
azines, now make a volume of inter
esting short stories for those who
like thrills.
“War.”
War as a book title sounds for
midable. but In the particular case
where John Luther Long is the au
thor (The Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.30)
it is a good deal of a misnomer.
An old German relates the story—
a tale of the wars of the sixties. His
two sons. Nathan and David, are
devoted to each other. Unfortunately
they both fall in love with a South
ern girl. Father and son enlist in
the Union ranks and David plans to
remain home to care for Evelyn, his
couein.
Here enters another complication—
Evelyn is strong for the South—her
father has been killed at Sumter and
she determines to do all she can for
the Confederate cause. Living on
the borders of Maryland, she finds
that she is able to furnish informa
tion of the Union plans to the South
ern leaders
She becomes so engrossed In her
scheme that she dresses in a Con
federate uniform and utilising all the
news in fhe household, gives valuable
information to the enemies of the
North. At last this information causes
suspicion to fall on the Vonner
household and the girl is the last one
to fall under the ban.
She realizes that to save her rela
tives she must go away. The uncle
sees her go—does not recognize her
in the man's uniform—and shoots.
The wounded girl is brought in and
Jonathan, to save her. agrees to don
the uniform and disappear. David
overhears this plan, puts on the uni
form, and vanishes overnight.
It is after this incident the father
and Jonathan enlist, and Evelyn goes
as a nurse—-all in a determination to
find David.
In the end David, still wearing the
gray uniform, kills Jonathan in battle
The story ends in an unsatisfactory
manner. David, filled with remorse,
determines to discover Evelyn and
kill her. We turn the last page to
And old Vonner and Evelyn waiting
for the return of David, but David
does not come.
Gettysburg Bugles.
A romance based on the historic
battle of Gettysburg, the fiftieth an
niversary of which the country has
recently celebrated, forms an attrac
tive little story by La Salle Carbell
Pickett.
The author, who is the widow of
General George E. Pickett, who led
the famous charge on the Confeder
ate side, calls her book “The Bugles
of Gettysburg” (F. G. Browne & Co.:
$1).
Naturally the anniversary had for
Mrs. Pickett a deep significance. She
says»: ”1 have put my whole soul info
this work. . . She speaks truly,
for the story bears the stamp of
earnestness. It is a simple tale, full
of the action of patrotic motives,
and it is written with the skill born
of having something worth while c
say.
We can not give a better idea of the
touch of real sentiment which per
vades the book than by quoting its
dedication:
“As 1 sit in the twilight shadows
the visions of the morning come bai k
to me. radiant with faith and hope
and love. even though darkened
sometimes by clouds of war.
“From the memory-fabric made of
all those golden dreams that center
around my first soldier I take the
threads to weave t^ls little story r t
olden days, lovingly dedicated to his
namesake son. Major George E. Pick
ett, my last soldier, whose life linked
those vivid <L-ys w th the present,
and who came home across the s?i
from the far-off Philippines, with
eyes closed to earth to be forever
opened to the light of eternal day.”
Mrs. Stetson Writes.
There has been a good deal of dis
cussion evoked by the appearance of
Augusta E. Stetson’s book, REMIN
ISCENCES AND CORRESPOND
ENCE, 1884-1913 (G. P. Putnams
Sons).
Among Christian . Scientists, in
which body Mrs. Stetson has long oc
cupied a leading place, there has been
much comment on her claim that she
has been unjustly treated and will
in the course of time be restored to
the place which properly belongs to
her in th© councils of the whole
church.
Her love for Mrs. Eddy she still
holds, according to the book. Indeed,
she asserts that the founder of the
religion still lives. It would be futll?
for one not conversant with all sides
of the story of Mrs. Stetson’s trouble
with the church to even attempt to
pass Judgment on the rights or
wrongs of either side.
Our concern Is only with the book;
Mis. Stetson looks upon it as a vindi
cation of her course and her acts.
As a piece of literature we may
dismiss it by Maying that it Is a well-
written document, handsomely got
ten up. but making an appeal only to
those who are directly interested in
the faith promulgated by Mrs. Eddy.
About Candies.
A distinct addition to the house
wife’s library is a comprehensive
volume, CANDIES AND BONBONS
AND HOW TO MAKE THEM, by
Marion H. Weil. (David McKay. $1.)
As the cookery editor of the ladies’
Home Journal, the author has had a
wide experience. Her book takes up
the latest and best methods of mak
ing good candy. She not only shows
how. but she explains simply and
compactly what to use in the way of
utensils and materials.
* The possession of this book ought
to encourage home ready making.
By H. EFFA WEBSTER
Arguments Not Armaments.
“Swords Reluctant,” by Max Pem
berton (G. W. Dillingham Company,
$1.25), is a story dramatizing the idea
of a world peace.
A young woman, an advocate of
universal peace, together with an
American maker of mighty guns, and
a young ^irl caught into the toils of
a war in Turkey—these ar i the three
whose experiences are knit Into a
romantic ad venturi that proves ar
bitration rather than warfare to be
the cure for our international ills.
“The Lady and the Pirate.’’
If you have a spark of Imagination,
Emerson Hough's latest novel, “The
Lady and the Pirate,” will make a
tremendous appeal to you. (The
Bobbs Merrill Company, $1.25.)
If it Is true that all the world loves
a lover, it Is equally true that all the
world loves a pirate And when Mr.
Tired Moneymaker, who has shut
himself up in the woods in luxury
and silence w’ondering for three years
why he has been thinking of her all
the time—when this same m. n finds
himself looking into the muzzle of «.n
old gun, held by a freckle-taced lad.
he gets a start.
It is unusual, you see. from the be
ginning, for the freckled boy and the
boy’s companion, sailing In a rickety
boat, are. In their own Imagination,
pirates of the bloodic type; they
talk the talk of Black Bart, and the*
swear the oaths of Captain Kidd and
Morgan. •
The hero enters at once into the
spirit of the spell and becomes a pi
rate with them—here is the charm of
the story; there’s a freshness in the
very idea, and the tale is unfolded
with a keen sense of humor that cap
tivates us who think we’ve outgrown
the pirate stage.
Mr. Drake, thenceforth the pirate
leader, hi s rented his yacht to his
rival, and he now pursues said rival
down the Mississippi and finally suc
ceeds in taking possession of the boat
with the lady of his heart aboard,
while the unfortunate erstwhile owner
Is left shouting vainlv in the offing.
If you want to be young again,
rion’t'go aunting for a Ponce DeLeon
fountain, but get in touch with “The
Lady and the Pirate" and see what
an exhilarating effect it will have on
your jaded spirits.
Immigration.
One of the vital questions with
which w’e have to deal In this coun
try is the question of immigration.
Every year the onrush of aliens Into
the land of plenty continues w’ith un
abated volume. At this particular
time, when there !s a frantic demand
from the Atlantic to the Pacific fi?
unskilled labor, any authoritative dis
cussion of the problem Is bound to
be received w’ith gratitude.
Without stretching a point such a
book is “IMMIGRATION, A WORLD
MOVEMENT AND ITS SIGNIFI
CANCE,” by Henry Pratt Fairchild
(The MacMillan Co., $1.75).
We are, of course, concerned more
particularly with the influx of for
eigners into this country than with
other world movements, and In dis
cussing this phase of his subject Mr.
Fairchild lays stress on one peculiar
ity of the Immigrant; he usually pre
fers to remain along the seaboard
and to shun the Interior of the na
tion where the call of the farm waits
him. It is the crowding of the mil
lions into the narrow confines of cities
already crowded that is making the
economists despair.
Mr. Fairchild has arranged in sim
ple tables a history of the movement
from Europe here, and to the student
of this great and perplexing situa
tion his book will prove of much
value.
“France From Sea to Sea.”
While the world lasts we shall have
books of travel. As H. G. Wells says
on an entirely different subject,
“None escape.” Yet it is a pleasure
to find even in volumes on travel
something out of the beaten track.
It is not too much to say that the
observations of Mr. Arthur Stanley
Riggs come within this favored de
scription. In his “FRANCE FROM
SEA TO SEA” (McBride, Nest & Co.,
$1.25), he writes with the same
charm that made his “Sicilian Trav
els” so interesting.
Most of us know Paris to the ex
clusion of out-of-the-way France—
and. of course, most of us are wrong.
From Picardy the author takes us
along through twenty-four chapters,
describing as he goes the lovely and
the unique, the impressive and the
historical.
And if we can catch the spirit w’ith
which Fy moves, a sure enjoyment is
bound t,) follow.
sponsible for the present state of matters, be
cause the diseases which killed off the weak
lings have been more or less successfully com
bated. and those who would have departed with
the consolation that those whom the Lord loves
die young, now live to produce a generation
more degenerate than themselves. Nature’s
method of adapting the individual to the en
vironment, which is the surest metnod of prog
ress, has been reversed, and we now adapt the
environment to the individual temper the
wind to the shorn lamb.
It is quite true, as the Committee on Physical
Deterioration said, “that of all the discrimi
nating agencies to produce the survival of the
fittest, disease is the worst, for the injury to
those which survive is so serious that all meas
ures that tend to combat disease tend to im
prove the race.” This is especially true of such
diseases as consumption, malaria, smallpox,
typhoid fever, diphtheria, all forms of sep
ticaemia, etc., but it Is scarcely true of
typhus fever, which has now been prac
tically abolished from the country, but
which my old friend. Sir William Gaird
ner, used to say was a most gentle
manly disease, because, if It did not kill you.
you were all the better for having had It, as
you would then be immune to any future attack.
There Is no individual Providence in Nature,
she Is entirely concerned with the evolution of
the race, and not with the perpetuation of the
life of the individual. Her methods are slow
but sure, and there is no doubt if her methods
had free play she would In some centuries
evolve a superman, but the same end can be
attained iu a much shorter space of time by
artificial selection.
If the same care were taken in the selection
of human parents as there is in the breeding
of the lower animals this country might be puri
fied in less than a century. If the English-
speaking nations would only cultivate eugenic
idealB they may yet rule the globe.
In the elevation of the race we are met with
many difficulties, because in the present limited
state of our knowledge we do not know all the
factors best suited to raise and perpetuate the
race. Society is very composite and it is
necessary that it should be so, in Nature we
cannot have one dead-level of uniformity.
“Order is Heaven’B first law. and that contest,
some are. and must be, greater than the rest.”
There always have been exceptionally able in
dividuals, and it is to be hoped that there al
ways will be men and women who tower intel-
*o f ually above their fellows. We want to raise
as many of these intellectual giants as possible,
and this can only be done by proper mating;
the environment may improve the Individual,
but it cannot improve the race.
We want to educate young people In the
necessity for care in the selection of their
mates for life. Do not fall in lova with any in
dividual who turns up because he or she is of
the opposite sex and may possess a certain
amount of glamour for you. An old friend of
mine always advises young man never to fall
In love with a girl until he has seen the mother;
If the mother be all right then they can fall in
love with the daughter. The eugenist would
be inclined to examine the family tree for a
generation or two further back; though this is
not always easy, and if there be any very black
spots on the family escutcheon they are sure
to be covered up.
I have a high opinion of the young women
of the present day, the potential motherB of the
next generation. They do not show so much
deterioration, except in the lowest strata, as
the men, and in the upper and middle classes
the girls of to-day will bear a very favorable
comparison with their mothers and grand
mothers. It is largely with them that the future
of the race depends, and to them I would say.
Do not fall in love with any man except you
are convinced that he would make a good father
of your family, and do not marry any man un
less you are in love with him.
Now I wish them to set a high moral stand
ard for men. and that will go a long way toward
reforming them. Unfortunately women are
very emotional and readily forgive the weak
ness of others, but the woman who marries a
man to reform him.usually brings untold misery
on herself and her offspring. Do not marry a
man because he Is wealthy; Intellect is a long
way ahead of wealth. But, on the other hand,
as Carnegie says, you need not reject a man
because he Is a millionaire. There is no objec
tion to wealth if it be accompanied by intelli
gence, kindness, generosity, sobriety, morality,
good health, vigor, energy and self-reliance,
and any other fine qualities which may appeal
to your Imagination. The maternal Instinct is
very deeply rooted in the female mind, hot a
■ woman should not only love offspring, but wish
to have offspring of whom she would have rea
son to De proud
Marriage is the most honorable state for
women, and maternity the exercise of her most
noble function, but many a woman in her haste
to get married, for fear she does not get an
other chance, often lives to regret the day, and
would be much better single than unsuitably
matched. It Is often deplorable to see a fine,
handsome woman tied to a miserable wretch
because he happens to be able to support her.
W omen often feel that there are not enough
suitable men to go around, and so when they
are getting out of their twenties they take any
undesirable whom In earlier years they would
have loathed. I have said that a woman should
not marry a man unless she loves him, and
love is not a thing which is advertised in the
papers or given away with a pound of tea, and
without mutual admiration and respect there
can be no love. Many people mistake mawkish
sentimentality and any kind of base sexual
gratification for love. People who cannot live
happily together are better apart, but I have
no sympathy for those who do not find out
their incompatibilities before marriage, such
people are of no value to the race. There is a
society for facilitating divorce started by Conan
Doyle and others, but what racial advantage L
to be gained therefrom I fail to see.
IN e want healthy, vigorous manhood e.n'1
womanhood, we want men and wome. who w i
hold their own in the battle of life with an'
other nation—we want a nation of stalwart.
This can all be rapidly attained by intelliger.i
artificial selection, and the nation which will
produce the finest and most Intelligent race
will win in the long run.
The health of a nation is its most vatuabb
asset and I should like to see every man be
tween the ages of twenty and sixty able to har,
die a rifle and a bayonet, and, if needs be, take
part in the defense of his country. I would
encourage the military spirit from early youth
upward, as the best means of developing the
physique ;.nd the moral and physical grit of the
nation. As 1 said on a former occasion, some
of the highest attributes of Christianity are
love of country and kindred, obedience, faith
fulness even unto death, for which w« have
been promised a crown of life—and all thes
qualities are developed by the military spirit.
A nation in arms like Germany is not more
pugnaciou than we are. It is not the mastiff
which starts the fight, but the yelping our
NYars are not started by military men. but by
politicians and low-bred financiers.
Military men make peace; civilian.