The field and fireside. (Marietta, Ga.) 1877-18??, October 30, 1877, Image 1

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The field and fireside., October 30, 1877, Image 1

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Newspaper Page TextTHE FIELD AND FIRESMS Vol. I. (The/icld anil /ivroitlr. Ft 'HUSHED BY J. Or. <Se CO. At Owe ltollar a Year. OFFICE IN Till’. 01.1) FHIXTIXc OFKK K Building, Powder Springs Street, Mnfi eri a Georgia. DAVID IRWIN. W. A. I*. T. It. IRWIN. Irwin. IGcClafchey & Irwin. ATTORNEYS # LAW. Will practice in tlie Blue Kitlge, Home, ami ( oweta Circuits. Marietta, Maivli 13, 1577. ly IVM, l. WINN. Mil l . .1. WINN. W. T. & W..). WINN, .4 11 o•ii* v*:i I I. :i , M ARIKTTA, OKOItOI A. Mareli l.‘{, 1577. ly J. E. MOSTLY, Attorney ill Law. ITT 11,1, atteml to all liiisinep j eoiillileil VV to him in Cobb and ad jacent enmi ties. Ol'l H li —ill Me< 'latelieyßu'lld iiie, up stairs. .Marietta, March 13, 1577. (till E M. ALLEN, Krsidciil /hlfiiSg.—* DeHtistt, u -frYYT* til - more than twenty years. CII A H G F.S 1! E A SOX A 81. K . Oniric —North side of Public Square. Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly DR. G. TENNENT, l k i‘:tH icing IMiysu-ian. Ofliee on Cassville street. —Ilesi- denee on Cherokee street. Marietta Mart'll 13,1877. ly DR. E. J. SETZE, rh>sit i.in and Surgeon, rpKX PF.KS his |>i ol'essional services in the practice of Medicine in all its branches to the pifizeus of Marietta and surrounding;coui\try. Olliee at the Drug' Store of Win. Boot. inch 171—1 y R. W. GABLE. BOOT m SUM MUM AND REPAIRER. POWDER SBKIXCr STREET. MARIETTA, GEORGIA, >Voi a k done of very low prices, ami war ranted. Mareli 1, 1577. Haley Brothers, CIIF.BOKEE STHKKT. Dealers in OKOCKItIMS, PROVISIONS, ,\N*n UF.XKHA I. MKRt IIANDIZF. Marietta, Ga., March 13,1877. ly M. 11. Lyon, CM Kit OK KK STHKKT, I I VI IL4 in l(0( i:it I l>. And dealer in < iiI'XTHY I’RODl'i E. Marietta, March 13,1877. ly 11. T. 4aISI.ST, CHEROKEE STHKKT, Saddle and Harness Maker AND REPAIRER. Marietta, Geo., March 13, 1877. ly CONTRACTOR AND 111 IMIIKIS/ • rpHK nndrrsijrned continues his busi -1 ness of Brick Making, SI (mm* ilinl Brick Building, and is |>re|>ared at any time to take contract* nil llm* most reas- Olialdt* terms, and tocxeeilte them in the most siitisltietnrv manner. 11. B. W A1.1.15. Marietta Man-h Id. 187** * • ly House Building and Repairing. BASII, BI.IXDS. In inits FINISHED to oitnKjt. Lumber til' all kinds, and at 1 lit* lowest prices, for sale, rphankful for tin* liberal X. hitherto, tin* -nh-criher u mild -tale that he is fully |M*ejmred to contract for the erection of Buildings, and to exe cute ilu* eontr.aets in tin* most satisl'actn l t in* liner. SIIOI*. south -ide I’nldic Sijnare. .March, 1X77. I.EMI EJ. BLACK. j-i -) I 1 * *1 | - ♦ | —* L. s. Soirrnci’TT; DK.VLKi; IN I'aiict tiiicl DRY GOODS, SHOKS AM) NOTIONS Ac. youngs Ohi Corner. Marietta. Mf.relit3, 1877. ly Agricultural. Fertilize!*. BY t. J. 51. GOSS. M. I). The city is crowded with wagons bringing cotton to market al ten cents per pound to pay for small quantities of chemicals with some twenty bushels of muck or dirt to the ton, which sells for some sixty live to seventy dollars per ton. — What a vast expense to this coun try ' Hundreds of thousands of dollars paid out in this town, and all other railroad towns in the South, for dirt, with a small per cent, of chemicals. Why is this * Why not buy the bone phosphate, ammonia, plaster, soda and pot ash, for these are the chemicals to form the best fertilizers, and mix them with the dirt in your lot or on a door; then you will have a far richer fertilizer than you generally get in market. Now, here is a receipt that will make a rich fertilizer; one that 1 have tried, and seen tried by many others, viz: To 20 bushels of dirt; in a dry state, add 40 lbs, of nitrate of soda, 60 lbs. of su! pliate of ammonia (or nitrate), 3 bushels of waste salt, one bar rel land plaster, and 20 lbs. of ni trate of potash (or one barrel of ashes) —mix well together with hoe or rake. Tintil pulverized. The above will form a fine fer tilizer for wheat, corn, oats, tur nips, or cotton. On ordinary land, that is land not run down, two hundred pounds will answer on an acre. The chemicals need not cost over twenty or twenty-five dollars per ton. Thus there will be saved from thirty to forty del lars per ton. Now, let any one estimate the quantity sold in this market, and see the amount lost, clear, for* the dirt that is sold in the fertilizers purchased in this city. I do not oppose the use of fer tilizers. but the great imposition of some of the manufactured ar ticle. We cannot do well without some chemical fertilizers, until we begin to make more manure at home. As long as men add lime and ashes to their stable manure, and thus evaporate all the ammonia, they will have to buy chemical fertilizers, but 1 insist on the pur chase of the chemicals to be mixed at home, and thus save two-thirds of the actual cost; and then too farmers will get a better article than they are buying. Make all the barn yard and sta ble manure you can, and use it, with land plaster, to itself, not with crude lime. The lime or potash (crude) evaporates the ammonia. Scientific Farming. HY WILLIAM FI LLKRTON. Clover is called and properly so “the sheet anchor of American husbandary." Too much cannot he said in its praise. It is capa | hie of doing more to bring impov | erished lands to a high state of cultivation with less expense than any other agency. And just in proportion as the farmer cult! vales this plant will he he reliev | ed from the necessity of pnrchas ling commercial fertilizers to en rich his land. While there is no system of cultivating which will enable the farmer to keep up the fertility of his land without re sorting to such agencies, yet the use of clover will go very far to wards accomplishing it. A writ er in one of the prominent farm journals in speaking of clover says: A few pounds ot diminutive seed furnish machinery to absorb | from the atmosphere and pump lout of the earth the elements of fertility needed to replace what our wasteful and improvident predecessors have expended. 1 j solemnly believe that in the be nign providence of (Jod, clover is to he the Moses which is to delis' * er .Southern agriculturist from the bondage of poverty and debt by restoring our wasted and worn in heritance to its original fertility. This language is not too strong. Clover does for the land what no other plant can. Il is the glean er of old, it gathers up and makes useful what is lost. Nitrogen in the form of nitric acid, one of the most important and expensive element which enter into the growth of our crops, descends by MARIETTA, GEORGIA, OCTOBER 30, 1877. the action of rains so far into the soil as to lie beyond the reach of ordinary plants. The roots of the clovei plant are so many mes sengers to bring it back to the surface again. The coral insect does not more effect (tally extract from tlie waters oftne sea the ma ferial which enables it to con struct the wrecking reef than does the clover plant seek out and garner plantfood from earth and air for man's use. And then as if to indicate what great ofliee it was designed to perform in the economy of nature, viz : to pre pare the way for other life, it re fuses to consume this ingathered nutriment, hut dies and leaves it for the nourishment of succeed ing crops. It is this fact that has led the farmers to say that their land, where clover had grown in great luxuriance but refused to grow longer, was clover sick. In other words, it had performed its function, accomplished the great object of its life, and then, like the silk worm, died. 'There is nothing truer in nature than that the clover plant, while drawing largely upon the rich ness of the soil for its own sus tenance, leaves the earth far richer in plant-food than it found it. And this marvellous feat is by a skill peculiarly its own, for the wit of man has never accom plished it. Science lias for years be lM i engaged in trying todiscov er some inexpensive method bv which the nitrogen of the air could he forced into combination with other substance so as to be used in cultivating the earth. It has never been accomplished. That it will be 1 do not don Id, for he would be a hold man who would set a limit to man's discov cries. He who is successful in this field of experience will be the worlds benefactor, for lie will have bestowed upon it a priceless boon. But what man lias failed to do the clover plant is constant ly accomplishing. In your fields where it is grown.this great help meet is silently hut successfully toiling for your good. Earth and air yield alike to its influence and surrender their riches to its solic itations, If then clover is the Moses to lead you out of the wil derness (and 1 agree with the writer from whom 1 have quoted this language) I beg of you to let the figure drop there, and do not let it be forty years in accomplish ing it. The promised land can he reached in a much shorter period. Risgah will rise up at your bid ding, the waters will divide at your approach, and you can pass over from leanness to plenty. Clo ver will do for you what miracles did for Moses. Yea, it will do more. It will cancel notes, pay mortgages,extinguish obligations and bring abundance where there is now want. Clover, Corn ami Hogs. The experience of a Wisconsin farmer in bringing up his land af ter a gradual decrease in the yield of the crops is taken from the Wisconsin agricultural repent: To remedy matters he began to feed stock—cattle, sheep and hogs. He fed all the grain and coarse feed of the farm, besides buying some corn. But with all this feeding he did not get man lire enough to keep the land up to a productive standard. His next experiment was with clover, and the result lias more than equalled his most sanguine expectations. In the spring of 1809 he sowed twenty acres to clover, sowing it with oats, put ting ten pounds to the acre. Af ter the grain was cut the clover made a remarkable growth;—it beaded nicely and much of lin seed matured sufficiently to grow. On the 15th October following he began to turn the clover under; it took good teams and good ploughs to go through it. The next spring he planted to corn and harv led ixly bushels per acre. The next spring he ploughed the ground and sowed to Tips brought the seed ploughed under in 1809 to the sur face. The result was he had the ground nicely set to clover again. The oat crop was very tine. I’he next -eason he cut two bouncing crops of bay,then ploughed the ground in the fall. The two following years. Is7B - lie produced large crop- ol corn. In 1875 he sowed to oats, and again seeded to clover, sow ing ten pounds of seed per acre, raising a heavy crop of oats and a good stand of clover. In 1876 he cut a heavy crop of hay tlie* latter part of dune, also secured four bushels of seed to the acre later in the season. Last spring he planted corn. It came up quick and grew from the word “go," producing as nearly as could be estimated about eigldy two bushels per acre. This fanner says that in regard to ploughing mider green clover lor a fertilizer, he prefers to pas j tore it off with hogs, lie thinks the benefit to the land is as great or greater, and you will get paid for the clover. Besides, he would prefer to pasture the same land, when possible, two years in sue cession. “If you want to dear your land of weeds sow clover, and sow it thick. If you want to grow big corn crops, grow clover, and pasture olf with hogs. Plough up the land in the fall, and the corn crops following will make you happy. If you want to make rich farms and plenty of money, grow clover, corn and hogs." The statistics given in the re port of the hogs fattened during the several years of the experi ment just related, was of interest, and showed a rich return in pork, with effectual dressing of the land with hog manure. How to Manage a Small Farm. A New Jersey farmer wrote that he hadfoundout howto raise two or three crops on a small piece of land every year, and thereby get very large returns from a diminutive farm. The se cret of his success is plenty of rich manure, and the rotation as follows; After the rye is out a erop of beets can he sown; after the oats, corn; after the cutting of the first, corn millet; and after the cutting of later corn, rye for the next Spring can be sown, ami thus the land will he occupied all the time and constant ly growing richer. YVhen there is enough land to admit of it, he advised raising a crop of small grain on the land'manured and seed it with clover, to be cut for the hogs in May of the following year, anti then plough and put in corn for late feeding. Regarding hog manure, the New Jersey farmer said that only those who hail tried it knew the amount of green food that can be procured from an acre of land dressed with the manure of thirty or forty hogs. The result with him lias been astonishing. I’aciflc Coast Farmers. More than seven-eighths of the settled land in California isdevo ted to grazing purposes or the cultivation of wheat. The cattle and slice]) ranches are held in large blocks of several thousand acres, the largest being the San Joaquin cattle ranche of Lux A Miller, covering 400,000 aers one the San Joaquin river. In addi tion to this immense estate, Lux iV Millerown 800,000 acres in olh er counties, making 700,000 acres in all. They began their Califor uia career as butchers, and still they carry on the business, com hined with stock raising on alien urinous scale. They have at the present time more than 100,000 head of cattle, besides immense herds of sheep and horses, and ! are said to he worth $20,000,000. They are buyers and not sellers of land, saying that they have not enough for their herds. They are plain, industrious Germans, and thorough business men, liberal to their employees, and more popu lur than other large land owners. Below the managers and over seers, the laborers employed on I their ranches are native Califor nians, a class of men who under ! stand the management ot cattle hetter than Americans or Euro peans. But little Yankee or Chi nese labor is employed, The i sheep ranches, ranging from 1.000 to 100.000 acres, also employ na live Californians almost exclu sively as herdsmen and shearers. Tin* largest wheat farmer in the State is Hr. Glenn, of Cplusi county, north ol Sacramento, lie -old hi last year’s wheat crop/or over SOOO,OOO. ami will receive a j much or more this year. Hi farms are constantly being im pro\ ed by fencing, I In* erect ion ot good permanent buildings, etc., and his stock of farming maehin cry is extensive and complete. Avery ditlerenl system pre , vails on the small farms of 1,000 acres, more or less. The buildings are usually of the commonest and cheapest kind; wooden shanties ol three or lour rooms each, tin sealed, unpainled and uncarpet ed; rough wooden stables, thro' which the wind blows as it listelh, pig styes and pumps. Theaocoin mpdutiouK are nut decent, much less attractive or comfortable.— Destitute of trees, shrubbery uni gardens, these houses have twr look of temporary huts rather than permanent homes, and can inspire no home feeling or attach ment to the soil. The proprietors, though often well to-do men, re ceiving several thousands of did lars every year from their wheat crops, live in a rude, squallid man uer, and apparently have no am hit ion in life except to increase their holdings of land, which is mortgaged as soon as it is bought to pay ftir more land. No matter how prosperous they may he,they are always up to their ears in debt, and have no money to spare to build themselves decent lion ses. Many of these moil have no farming machinery and imple ments, and let their plowing, har vesting and t hreshing out by eon tract. The wheat is threshed in the field as it is cut, the grain be ing put into sacks and carted oil' to the nearest railroad or river store-house, whence it is shipped to Ban Francisco. litis system of farming is car ried on tlirqiigliout the great San Joaquin valley (where one may ride for a hundred miles without seeing a decent house Or barn) and feu many other parts of the State. The only seasons when la bor is needed on such farms, are seed time and harvest ; at the lat ter season flic demand in prodne live years is urgent. The labor ers are treated with a single eye to getting from them the largest possible amount of work for the smallest possible wages. Every man is required to bring his own blankets, arid find a bed on a soft spot out of doors, as no sheltered sleeping place is provided. When the harvest is over the men are I turned adrift to shift as best they ’can, and as they find little to do, in the country or the towns, they I are too often forced to become tramps and vagabonds, wandering over the State, a burden to them selves and their fellow men, and | always railing af “Chinese cheap labor" as the prime cause of their troubles. Many of this class arc good men when they conn* into I lie State, hut they become dis eouraged and demoralized,and no wonder. A steady farm hand has little or no chance to find regular employment the year through, as in the Eastern States. There is no winter's work to he done, no barn to In* tilled with hay or grain, no winter threshing, no horses or cattle to he housed or cared for, no farm buildings, roads or fences to repair, no fertilizers to look af ter. The farming industry of the Stale is cursed with grasping land owners and nomadic labor. Of the lasi there is too little at bar. vest and too much at other sea sons So long as tin* present sys tem of farming is the rule, it is better for white labor to keejPa way, and for Chinese labor to ; come. The Chinaman's harvest wages go farther and last longer than tin* white man’s, and If they are exhausted before he can find other employment. Ids Chinese company must take care of him ; lie does not become a burden up on the people of the towns. It the present system continues, it must end in the farming lands ol tin- State falling into the hands of a lew proprietors employing ser vile Chinese labor not a desira ble consummation, hut inevitable unless it i- checked by the im mi - elation of families with money and muscles, able and willing to own mall farm and do their own Work. -( V/7 //nfnm Corr. A. ) ml Sum. Fall Houghing. When land is ploughed in the , fall and left till spring without harrowing, it may he -own to any grain after being well harrowed, and the crops in most eases will he as good as if the land were ploughed in the spring. Stable dung, when ploughed under in the fall for a spring crop, will lnS| beneficial as when ploughed S|| der in the spring ; hut all kimnH common fertilizers should he sjM broadcast in the spring undHgigg rowed in. unless one sujjjiHH " ith a drill that dcpositsVßHS veis the fertilizers at time. I fit were not for hurry that farmers are in mir short springs, it wotiHH be of any advanbury to plß|§S light, loamy fall AH consequence Tinot M tine, in many eases, to the land in I in- spring oiiuMHpH to cultivate, it is dccidiujS|S|||i a bi<‘ in -mm- eases the fall, espeein !I y WPlill||lli||l which are greatly btmetitjf||§f|| being thrown up to the frosts o| winter. that field in the 100 wet to plough when (■HER should go in; and such SB||j ploughed in the fall. Cud fulldll lull to "| 'ring, and the erop " " 11 1 Bf||f§|§§ tei for the fall I'loiiglib^HgSS Finning the TiwMH The peaeli is remarkable fa tree growth of its new shoifl ter se\ ere priming, and is 1W i u red by t!i"i 111 \, Mull I' el- 'll' I ' •' y'l lale II! tie- 111 Ms I It boil that lew jflr' - i^ up I rnm the ImdsToeTow^^^B a those spi-HUIs would not hoK^i ly i<> ripen their wood and he winter killed. Neither wttHl we advise cutting off large at this time of year. In all su* eases it should be remembered that cutting away or stripping otl leaves before growth has ceased] or nearly so, has a tendency J check it, more or less, to f he amount of ft diage ami the vigorous or feelde lion of the tree. Young pitl growers, on rich and well cnl iivated soil, will better hear pru, oing at this time than older and feebler growers, If much prujj ing is to he done, or the trees jfl moderate in vigor, wait till tjMffl m-xi; jtiing. fW////•// GY/C/vBjH IVepaiing Broom Com | FOJt MARKET. Notwithstanding the fact Him the price is governed b> the color of the brush, and that exposure injures the color, some farmers still cure their corn in the most careless manner, liven for home use the brush should he cured un der cover, as exposure renders it brittle, and leaves it. without that toughness and elasticity which we look for in a good broom. All that is required is a roof to cover it and a free circulation ol air. Assorting the brush is a matter of importance, as with most other products, when good and had are mixed indiscriminately, t In* whole will sell for only the price of the Lad. Hence tin* poor and crook ed brush should be separated and kept distinct until it is haled for market. While the best growers agree in doing this, they do not agree as to when if, the best time lor doing it. Some do the assort ing when the brush is delivered at the scrapers, while others tind it more advantageous to cull it before it is removed from the ta hies. A man goes along in ad valu eof the wagons and places the poor and crooked brush by it self, and both the straight aiuL ••rooked are stacked separately the wagon and kept apart in ufl future operations. ,1 / Irn // u rittf. .. I an lmr. Since the cattle its appearance in Olevel^^^ju-ra cow - The general" theory G I liuai^rJM I ci /inmiinic.ticil in ii,it I-', ft \;i I'-i i I,il.cn l A -l -1 an i- til i-n-i |, df u IMHBV pa-liireil in the country f'WWWBf M . I- ,mlral asserts that bind i mine tain thaM^Dß land in it - immediate linod. I ’im- hnc-t- atlrai nc .i I un- lii in n! lici tore i land :1 1 -• * retain-- ill their fIH die- more than halt ol I hfll|l|| which tall on them. 'i ci 'uni ii slPvr 111 t ap?'- 1 '’' No. 14