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THE FIELD AND FIRESIDE.
Vol. I.
<Thc (field and preside.
PUBLISHED BY
J. Or. <Se CO.
At Om* Dollar a Year.
OFFICE
IN' THE OLD PRINTING OFF IDE
Building, Powder Springs Street, Mari
etta Georgia.
DAVID IRWIN.
W. A. 1\ MX’I.ATCHRY. T. li. IRWIX.
Irwin, McClatchey & Irwin,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
Will practice in the Blue Ridge, Rome,
Circuits.
Marietta, warm 13, 1577. ly
vvm. t. wixx. 'jO II-1-. J. " INN.
W. T. & W. J. WINN,
AI tor liev * a I Law,
MARI ETTA. GK<)RGI A.
March 13,1877. ly
W. R. POWER,
Attorney at Law,
w
MARIETTA, UA.
"TTylld, practice in the Courts of Cobh
Vt and adjacent counties. Collect
ing a specialty. Office with Judge A.
xfsimpson, northwest corner of Public
Square. L v
J. E. MOSELY,
Attorney at Law.
WILT, attend toall husinesconfided
to him in Cobh and adjacent coun
ties. Office —in MeClatehey’s Build
ing, up stairs.
Marietta, March 13. 1877. Om
E. M. ALLEN,
Resident Dentist,
Of more than twenty years.
<' u A P.O E S P. E AHO N ABT, B■ —
Office —North side of Public Square.
Marietta, March 13, 1877. ly
Dll. G. TENNENT,
Practicing Physician.
Office on Cassville street. —Resi-
dence on Cherokee street.
Marietta, March 13,1877. ly
DR. E. J. SETZE,
Physician and Nnrgcon,
TENDERS his professional services
in the practice of Medicine in all
its branches to the citizens of Marietta
and surroundingcountry. Office at the
Drug Store of Wm. Root. inch 13-ly
R. W. GABLE.
HOOT AM) If- SHOEMAKER
AND REPAIRER.
POWDER SPRING STREET.
MARIETTA, GEORGIA,
Work done at very low prices, and war
ranted. March 1, 1877.
Haley Brothers,
<’!l EROKEE STREET.
Dealers in
<; ROUE KIES, PROVISIONS,
AND
GENERAL MERCHANDIZE.
Marietta,Ga., March 13,1877. ly
M. R. Lyon,
C li ERO KEE S I R EE TANARUS,
PA WILY lrom:rii>,
And dealer in
COUN TRY PRODUCE.
Marietta, March 13,1877. ly
M. T. RIST,
CHEROKEE STREET.
Sale and Harness Maker
AND REPAIRER.
Marietta, Geo., March 13, 1877. ly
House Building and
Repairing.
SASII. BLINDS, DOORS FINISHED
TO ORDER.
Lumber of all kinds, and at the
lowest prices, lor sale.
riAhankful for the liberal patronage
.JL hitherto, the subscriber w mild state
that tie is fully prepared to contract for
Hie erection of Buildings, and to exe
cute the contracts in tin* most satisfacto
ry manner. SHOP, south side Pitiili,
Square.
March, 1877. LEMUEL BLACK.
CONTRACTOR
AND
Kl 11. DU It
rplIE undersigned continues his husi-
I ness of Brick Milking. Stone and
Brick Building, and is prepared at any
time to take contracts on the most reas
onable terms, and to execute them in the
must satijtfaclorv manner.
11. B. W U. 1.15.
Marietta. March 13, 1577. ly
Agricultural.
Do They ?
Do our farmers patronize news
papers and agricultural journals,
to the extent they should ? Such
reading will refine and elevate
their taste; increase the attrac
tions of their homes; are resour
ces for pleasure and mental im
provement in hours and days of
leasure; and assist in advancing
their occupation and condition to
its proper dignity.
Not True to Georgia.
Innumerable lamentations are
heard through the country over
the desolation of our farms. Are
to blame ? Who among
us is trying to induce immigration
within our borders, or are seeking
to enchain our sons to the soil of
their nativity, instead of letting
them emigrate to Texas ? Who
is endeavoring to attract capital
to come among us and assist in
building up our waste plaees ?
To day, if true to ourselves and
our grand old commonwealth,
many should be at work, clearing
forests, draining swamps, remov
ing stones, setting orchards, fill
ing up vallies, making crooked
places straight, and rough places
smooth, webbing the land with
good roads,erecting school houses
and comfortable residences, and
thus cultivate, improve and adorn
Georgia to the highest attainable
perfection.
A Happy Life.
To the young of our cities and
towns who have good health, a
few hundred dollars, a disposition
to labor, anu are willing to sub
mit to privations, we would say,
what pleasanter or more useful
occupation can you engage in
than farming, an occupation, too,
that will insure real independence
Buy you a small farm, have your
fields and meadows, garden and
orchard, mares and colts, cows
and pigs, keep bees, for their man
agement unites pleasure and pro
fit. Cultivate grapes, for they
pay. Banish rural wants and
learn the master secret of self
possession, and be aware that eve
ry position in life has advantages
anil trials. Let such a one assure
himself that if an independent
farmer cannot be happy, no man
can. Let him magnify his calling,
respect himself, envy no one, and
raise to the author of all good,
constant aspirations of thankful
ness, as he eats the bread of peace
and privacy.
Cultivate the Earth.
Young man, if you have any
capital to invest, go to farming.
It will bring a reasonable compe
tence, and the satisfaction of con
science, and at the same time pre
sent the widest room for the cul
tivation of t he domestic affections
and the delicious pleasures of this
true philosophy of life. We do
not encourage any extravagant
expectations,or represent agricul
ture as likely, under the best cir
cumstances, to yield enormous
profits. Expectations of that
character are vain and baseless,
when applied to any of the busi
ness of life. Large fortunes are
sometimes suddenly and unex
pectedly made, but we must not
be deluded by extraordinary ex
amples. Trade partakes much
more of change than agriculture.
But we mean to say that the cap
ital may often be invested in ag
ricultural improvements so as to
meet all reasonable expectations
of profit, and when the secret of
such investments is considered,
they will he justified by the soun
dest discretion.
ninths.
For the information of your
many readers who are farmers, 1
will state that I have this year
raised some of the “cluifas" spo
ken of in your paper some time
ago, and find they are well adapt
ed to our climate. They yield
quite a large number to the one
seed planted in a hill. 1 counted
on one bush, from one seed, 418
nuts and seeds. This was almost
an average hunch. The land is
of only medium quality where
they were produced, hut the nuts
were much larger and of a better
quality thaw those brought from
southern Alabama. Hogs are
very foml of them, a well as mv
elf. I think thev benefitted some
MARIETTA, GEORGIA, DECEMBER 4, 1877.
pigs very much that were sick
with the late hog disease. The
tops are very crisp and rich.—
Horses are very fond of it while
green, and if they come the sec
ond year after being scattered by
the hogs, I think they will make
a very rich pasture for almost any
kind of stock. They are destined
sooner or later to be grown and
appreciated by all farmers. I will
gather several bushels of them
before I give them up to my hogs.
A. J. IT., of Clinton. Tenn.. in
Courier-Journal.
Encouraging
run CULTIVATION OF COKN.
With the view of producing a
spirit of rivalry between the corn
raisers of Floyd county, we, the
undersigned, agree to pay five
dollars in gold, which payment
will constitute the subscriber one
of a club of ten or more members,
with the understanding that each
member have the privilege of
farming one acre of land in corn,
in any manner he may see proper.
The money to be paid into the
hands of some selected by
a majority of the .subscribers to
the fund on or before the first day
of May, 1878. They will also se
lect two disinterested and quali
tied persons, whose duty it shall
be to attend to measuring the
land, and ascertain the amount of
corn, by weight, raised on each
acre contesting. When the mea
suring committee have completed
all the measuring, they shall give
the party producing the largest
crop a certificate to that effect,
which certificate shall be consid
ered a draft on the treasurer for
all the money in his hand, after
ait expenses are paid for measur
ing the corn and land. Any one
can enter more than one acre by
paying five dollars on each acre.
There shall be no appeal from the
verdict of the measuring commit
tee. Should it occur that two or
more should tie on the largest
crop, then the money must be di
vided equally. All acres must
lie in a square or rectangle, as the
subscriber may elect.
The forogoing was handed us by
Mr. F. Pence, who says it embo
dies the ideas of a number of gen
tlemen throughout the county,
who are desirous of giving move
attention to the growth of corn.
We hail this as a step in the right
direction, and we would respect
fully suggest that each gentleman
entering into t he agreement shall
keep a record of the manner in
which he fertilizes his land,plants
and cultivates the corn, and also
of the rainfall upon it, and all oth
er matters of interest to the in
telligent farmer.
Among the gentlemen who have
agreed to enter into this contest,
we remember the names of Thos.
Berry, F. Pence, Jno. W. Turner,
Calvin Montgomery, and J. 11.
Camp.
This proposition is open to eve
ry farmer in Floyd county, and we
hope to see a large purse made
up at an early day, so that work
may be begtn at once. “ What
we know about farming” inclines
us to the notion that to make a
big crop of corn next year it will
he necessary to commence fertil
izing and otherwise preparing the
land this fall or in the early win
ter.-—Rome Courier.
Cuiing Hams.
The principal thing in curing
hams is to get them just salt en
ongli to keep, and not so salt as to
injure the flavor and cause them
to become hard. The best plan
of curing is as follows :
When the hams are nicely trim
med, ml* each one with tolerably
fine salt, and pack in tight casks
holding about one hundred and
forty gallons. Make a sweet pic
kle by using one and a half gal
lons of New Orleans molasses or
its equivalent in sugar, and six
ounces of powdered saltpetre to
forty gallons of water, with salt
enough added to make the pickle
float a potatoe when it is made.
Let it stand until the scum rises
and is skimmed off. Have the
hams in the cask weighted down
so they will not rise when covered
with the pickle. They should re
main in the pickle from five to six
weeks, according to the tempera
tnre of the place, If exposed to
freezing weather, they will cure
much slower than in a cellar.—
Some persons take their hams out
once or twice and stir the brine;
this is a good plan when one can
spare the time, as by long stand
ing it grows weaker towards the
top. When the hams are finally
taken out rinse them in clear wa
ter and hang up to dry ready for
the smoke house. Smoke them
with hickory wood.
Hogs weighing about two hun
dred and fifty pounds when dress
ed, are the best size ’for family
use. They should be as near uni
form weight as possible in each
cask, as larger hams require more
time in pickle.
Canvassing has little or nothing
to do with the ham's flavor; it is
only necessary as a protection
from insects, and should be done
in all cases before the weather is
warm enough for their appear
ance. Soon after smoking wrap
each ham in coarse brown paper,
and sew it up in cotton cloth cut
to suit the size of the ham, or tie
up in a cotton bag that may be
used the next year. The canvass
ed lmns of the West are sewed up
closely, showing the shape of the
ham, and dipped in a wash made
of lime and water, colored with
yellow oere. When hung up they
soon dry, and the wash closes the
interstices of the muslin, the
whole forming a perfect protec
tion against flies, bugs, Ac.
For the farmer’s use, the bags
are quite safe if made of firm,
thick muslin, and tied securely.
In regard to the fine flavor of
Western hams, much is due to
climate, food and breed of hogs.
Hams taken from thrifty, well fed
hogs of improved breeds will be
of better flavor than those from
the half-wild hogs of native breed
and partly fattened in the woods ;
lint proper curing and treatment
is indispensable in any case.
Manures.
BY W. R. MC’IVOR.
On tracing agricultural history
down to the earliest times, we
find that the material most exten
sively employed for maintaining
and increasing the fertility of the
soil has been the mixture of urine
and solid excrements of domestic
animals with the various kinds of
straw used as litter, known as
farm-yard manure, or shortly as
“dung." In a speech at an agri
cultural meeting held at Ilolk
ham in Lancashire, England, Lord
Erskine, in referring to farm yard
manure, said: “ If we only con
sider the subject of manures, we
shall perceive one of the most
striking bounties and benefits of
the Divine wisdom with which we
are blessed in a thousand ways
without knowing it. This very
substance—the refuse of every
thing—had it been useless, must
have accumulated in heaps intol
erably noisome and perpetually
pestilential; but it is every man’s
interest to remove these other
wise increasing mount ains of filth,
and by decomposing them in cer
tain ways, concealed in a great
measure from our sight, it gives
increase to our fields and adds to
the means of industry and t he re
wards of the husbandman."
The study of such a subject as
“ dung” is by means repulsive. It
illustrates in a most beautiful
manner the natural adaptation of
means to ends. It shows that na
ture will know no waste. What
the animal world throws off as
useless, and in some cases as poi
sonous, may he shown to consti
tute the very soul of vegetable
life.
The dung of animals consists of
that part of their food which goes
through the intestinal canal with
out being assimilated; the urine
containing that portion which has
undergone assimilation, and is a
gain excreted in consequence of
the changes which are going on in
the t issues of the animal. Urine
may be defined as a somewhat di
lute solution of certain salts
(those of potash and soda princi
pally), and organic substances
(known to chemists as urea, uric,
and hippuric acids. A<-.), which
latter are for the most part rich in
that important constituent of all
general measures—nitrogen. If
a small quantity of urine be evap
orated down to perfect, dryness,
and the residue obtained heated
to redness in the air for a few min
utes, the organic matters above
referred to will have burned a
wav, and the incombustible ash
remaining will represent the salts
or mineral portion of the urine.
Human urine being rich in nitro
gen ami ''/•‘j
sary constituent of a
ral manure, has a much
agricultural value than any other
kind of urine.
The nitrogenous, or nitrogen,
containing organic matters of ur
ine, are very prone to decomposi
tion, and soon undergo fermenta
tion or putrefaction, when their
nitrogen is almost wholley con
verted into that most valuable yet
expensive friend of the farmer—
ammonia. Freshly excreted ur
ine contians no ammonia, but
standing exposed to air for a sluw
lime fermentation commence
with the result indicated. TH
ready fermentability of urine e!B
ercises a most beneficial influence
on the contents of the dung-heap.
When placed in the soil, or expos
ed to climatic influences, ordinary
clean straw decomposes only ve
ry slowly, and if it were used as
a manure it would be some con
siderable time before its different
constituents would be wholly a
vailable as plant food.
It is in hastening the decompo
sition of litter that putrifying ur
ine is so valuable in the heap.—
The urine acts on the straw as a
ferment, and soon converts its
constituents from an, agricult u •
rally speaking, inactive state into
soluble food for plants. From
this, it is obvious that the ripen
ing or rottening of “ lung dung'’
may be greatly accelerated by
pouring urine on it. It has been
practically proved that a farm
yard manure will lie the more ra
pid in its action on crops the more
thoroughly the litter is soaked in
urine and the more completely
the straw has been decomposed or
rotted. The ‘‘forced” effect pro
ducedbn land by putrid urine or
liquid manure is mainly due to
(he quantity of ammonia present
in it. Dung is poor in the ash con
stituents of urine, hut is richer in
other mineral matters required by
plants. It contains much more
phosphoric acid, a compound of
great importance to most crops,
and more especially to gramina
ceous plants—as wheat, barley
and oats. Horse dung has a very
loose texture and admits air more
readily, and therefore ferments
sooner than the cold, wet manure
of the cow. Cow-dung is poorer
in nitrogen than horse manure
under ordinary circumstances,and
in drying does not crumble down
like the latter, but forms a hard
“ cheesy’’ mass, into which air
cannot easily penetrat e,and which
cannot be distributed so uniform
ly over the land as horse (lung.—
The latter, however, contains too
little water to furnish a good ma
nure, and unless mixed with the
wet excrements of the cow or ot li
er animals, must be occasionally
moistened with water to prevent
the ammonia produced by decom
position from being lost by pass
ing into the air. I)r. Voeleker
has recommended to moisten ma
nure heaps wit h water, acidulated
with sulphuric acid (ordinary oil
of vitriol) to prevent the escape
of ammonia. This proposal has
been adopted by some farmers,
who speak highly of the result.
For my own part, however, I do
not think that any great advan
tage can follow the use of acid,
for the, reason that it does not
wholly prevent the loss of ammo
ilia. Dr.'l’hos. Anderson lias also
expressed hisdonlds as to the util
ity of acidulated water for moist
ening dung-heaps. On compar
ing the quantities of nitrogen pro
sent in m ine and dung, a marked
difference is found to exist. Ac
cording to the noted agricultural
chemist, Houssingault, the urine
of the horse in its natural state
contains three times as much ni
trogen as its dung, t hat of t In* cow
containing twice as much a* it'
dung.
Milk and rimming.
A curious feature brought out
by experiments with milk i- that
the mixed milk of two breeds of
cows will not produce as much
butter as will the same milk cliur
ned separately. Ihe reason given
is that tin* butter globules of the
milk vary in size, and that in the
churn the larger globules are bro
ken first, and then in mixed milk
are overehtirned while the smal
ler ones are being broken, and in
this way the quality of the but
ter is impaired if not seriously
damaged. This theory carried
out may also by said, if correct,
!r,,, l uc
w h;tl arc ealWß^
•• Imttor cows," from the stipervßjfl!
quality of their milk for
pose of butter-making. There
no doubt but that their noted
periorilv is on account of
yvr luiiler globules in tluJff
■U 'll a! ai^^K
I: hat arc J
la! at I h
i
I i'||
I A !
I 1
t'M
i' real I \ hut the result
adviseii ini \i ug of mil
on more through in vcs|^HHHH|
the- 1 ca-j^l^^^ahi
t il li -^eifffWpß|
and tfl
farmer will have to
of thi- business. vV\|
la,inin c, the a I>. 1 >. h
each ciiw will
mill, oi ..n<■ h
where 11 "
• a i_n
jJg
JP
w
I
’ J 1
iaC rill
J M : ndSKjigfl -
Tg § y 1 1M ta a ;
difficulty will
cows of a yard are ol™ nnifntßll|ig
milking qualit \. . F,t r mrrs 11-nWEmi
Journal. B
Beautify your Hornet*. c
As this is the time of year to <
set out shrubs,flowers,evergreens,
and other plants, giving beauty j
and taste to the home, we would *
advise all to take an interest at
once in this matter, for it is aston
ishing to see the lack of taste a
round many of the village and
farm houses, and their owners
seem to think that it is money
thrown away to beautify their
houses ; Imt let them offer their !
their places for sale,and then they;
will, realize the difference be.
t ween a house without paint, or
with one coat in a lifetime, witJi
no blinds, no pleasant dooryard,
no fruit, trees, no beds of flowers,
no climbing vines up the porches,
no garden worthy of the name, no
snug, well painted out houses, no
nicely gravelled walks ; but in
their places we often find a dwel
ling out of repair, out houses in
a state of decay, fences in poor
condition,and the general appear
ance of the place repugnant to
our feelings. We see the old sign
Li This place for sal*!” hanging On
an old tree, with barely a leaf
upon it. Here it has hung for
many years, and there it will con
j tinne to hang, probably till the
owner goes into his grave. No
body wants to buy such a forlorn
looking “home;" and people in
: search of a country place pass on
till they see another sign: ‘‘This
place for sale !** and here they
i find order, taste and neatness pre
vailing—a beautiful cottage, or
other style of house,out buildings
in perfect repair, fences neat and
in good order, shade trees ahund
ant, fruit trees loaded with pears,
| apples, peaches, plums, cherries,
! etc. In the well-planned garden
j t hey find an abundance of straw
berries, raspberries, gooseberries,
currents,quinces and grapes; and
(lie place suits them and they pur J
chase it. Now, this place cost but
| a lit tie more t han the one they
passed, in regard to its adorn
incuts. Wliat was done to beau
tify it was done by degrees, and
the expense was never fell as a
mouiiting t<> much, and so it a! 4
ways is with people who coitt
monce to lay out their
tIn 1 right manner. wfl
lii the general presentment thei
grand jury ol Marion county use ;
the following cheerful I language
We arc jleii>e<l to learn of tin*.-
large lumber of i in migrants whiojaj
have lately come to our eoiinrP(|
ami we are glail to sav that nun
people are always ready to
tend a hearty welcome to .all godH
'Cttler' without
::;i. ~ 1 ;".i . 4
