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iCniuitituturaalist K Htphlir.
JAMES GARDNER, JR.,
and / Editors.
JAMES M. SMYTHE, )
Got. Cobb’* Inaugural Address.
Senators and Representatives:
In obedience to the popular voice of the State,
1 appear before you to-day to assume the duties
of the Executive Chair. We have been called,
gentlemen, to our respective stations at an inter
esting period in the history of our State. In all
the departments of file, which stamp the im
press of progress and greatness upon a people,
Georgia occupies an eminent portion among her
sister states of the Republic. In agriculture, that
noblest pursuit of civilized man, she yields the
palm of superiority to none. Endowed by Provi
dence with a salubrious climate and fertile soil,
under the culture of her enterprising citizens, she
stands forth the generous rival of the foremost
amongst her successful and flourishing sisters. In
manufacturers and the mechanical arts, our Slate
presents a picture which her proudest sons may
contemplate with pleasure and gratification. The
youngest among us may remember the time
when the walls of the first factory were raised in
our State—and now in every section of it may
be seen the daily increasing evidence of the suc
cess which has attended the efforts of our ener
getic citizens in the manufacture of the great
American staple. The progress we have made
for the last few years in this anil other branches
of manufacture, clearly foreshadows the period,
as not far distant in tr- future, when she will
rank among the most u< cessful of the manufac
turing States of the U nion.
Nor hi s providence been less generous to us
in the bestowal ol those natural advantages, which
constitute the basis of commercial greatness.
Amidst all the evidences, that mark the pro
gressive spirit of our jreople, to none should Geor
gians look with more gratification—than to those
which characterize the energy and efforts of her
principal sea-port. Linked and bound together
as are the different sections of our State, by her
system of internal improvements, we begin to
feel more truly and justly the identity and feeling
which should exist between our mountains and
seaboard. It has made us neighbors in distance
—it should make 11s neighbors in interest and
feeling. In contemplating these results from
otir rail-road enterprises, our pleasure should In;
enhanced by the reflection, that it is tire almost
exclusive work of individual efforts and private
capital. The State road constitutes the only ex
ception to this general remark. This work in
its or igin gave promise of great advantages to lire
State, in developing the resources of that vast
and interesting section of country through which
it passes—and in forming the most important
link connecting the western waters with the
Atlantic coast. In the realization of these an
ticipations, we find ample compensation for the
lalror and capital which have been invested in
this important enterprise. It now depends in a
great measure ui>on the fostering care, enlight
ened judgment, ami unbending firmness of the
representatives of the people, to render it a per
manent monument of the wisdom and forecast
of its patriotic projectors. Whilst the attention
of our people has thus been directed with char
acteristic energy to these sources of national
wealth, they have not been unmindful of that
important and paramount duty—the education
of their sons and daughters, it is indeed a grate
ful s|rectacle to witness throughout the State, the
increasing interest manifested 011 this interesting
and important subject, hi a free government
like ours, where all power emanates lrom the
jreople, we cannot too highly estimate the im
irortarice of preserving throughout the land, pure
hearts and enlightened minds.—Those who shall
jrlace it within the power ol every sen and daugh
ter of Georgia to receive the benefit of a plain
and practical education, will be justly regarded
among the noblest benefactors of tire State. Let
our united efforts be directed, under the blessing
of Providence, to tire consummation of this great
object—the education of the hearts and minds of
the jreople.
To our hands, gentlemen, for the time being
has a confiding jrcojile committed these various
and imjiortaiit interests of the State. We should
enter ujxm our duties, with a consciousness of
the responsibility we have assumed, and a deter
mination so to discharge them, that there may
exist in the jrublic mind no just cause to regret
the trust that has been rejrosed in us. Nor, gen
tlemen, is the present a less interesting period,
when considered in reference to our federal re
lations. Our federal government is now passing
through an ordeal, which may justly be regarded
as the severest test to which it has ever been
subjected. In the issue is involved not only our
own peace and hajrpincss, but the solution of that
great problem, which has engaged so much of
the time of tire ablest and purest men, who have
ever lived—the capacity of man for self-govern
ment.
At the commencement of the last Congress,
the country was convulsed with a bitter section
al controversy, growing out of the institution of
slavery, as it exists in the Southern States. The
ablest heads were apjialled with the magnitude
of the danger that threatened the integrity of
the republic—and the stoutest hearts faltered
under the weight ofresjronsibility. It would be
inappropriate to this oc. asion to review the his
tory of that angry and threatening controversy—
nor would I necessarily refresh j our memories
with many of its painful reflections—but there
are lessons and admonitions to be drawn from its
consideration, which cannot be too deeply anu
forcibly impressed upon the public mind of lire
country.
This threatening issue was ultimately brought
to a close in our national legislature, by the
adoption ofa scries of measures lamiliarly known
to the country as the Compromise. That Com
promise was based ujron two imjrortant princi
jdes—The first recognised the great American
dor-trine ot the right of every people in the or
ganization of their State governments, to deter
mine for themselves whether or not they would
have the institution of slavery, as a part of their
social system—a principle dear to every repub
lican heart, and one upon which rests the whole
fabric of American institutions—thus repudia
ting that ether doctrine so justly odious to the
|>eoj)leof the South—of the right and duty o!
Congress to reject a State applying for admis
sion into the Union, because her Constitution
tolerated the institution of slavery. The other
cardinal jirinciple of the Comjiromise recogni
zes the Constitutional obligation to deliver uj>
our fugitive slaves, when they may escape into
the non-slaveholding States—a duty expressly
imposed by the letter of the Constitution, and
the enforcement of which is essential to the perma
nence of the republic. Alter the adojrtion of this
adjustment by Congress, circumstances, inijrosed
u |K>n the jreople of Georgia the important duty
of pronouncing the first authoritative judgment
ujxm it.
To our action, the eyes of the whole country
were directed, arid our l'eliow citizens every
where looked to our movements with anxious
solicitude. It was under these circumstances
that Georgia was called upon to sjreak. She
sjroke, and her voice breathed a mingled spirit
of ardent devotion to the Union, and of patriot
ic warning to its Northern friends. Looking to
the jrast. and considering the rights and interests
that had been involved in the contest, —the dan
gers and difficulties, which had surrounded the
country—and the imjrortant principles upon
which the final action of the government was
based, she solemnly declared her determination
to stand to and abide by the Compromise as a
permanent and final settlement of this danger
ous and vital issue. Us finality and faithful en
forcement in all its Jparts—constituting essential
elements to commend it to the favor and sup
port ot hersell and tier sister States of the South.
Looking to the future, with reference to the
menaces ot threatened aggression which had
been so freely indulged in, by a portion of the
people of the North—and regarding the adop
tion of those measures against which she raised
her warning voice in the fourth resolution of her
convention—as invidious blows aimed at her
moat vital interest—she has calmly, but firmly
said to this maddened spirit of fanaticism, thus
far halt thou go, and no farther. Her jrosition
was taken with calmness in 1850—it has been
reaffirmed with deliberation in 1851, —and I
now renew the pledge ot my hearty co-ojreration
in maintaining rt with firmness and decision.—
Georgia has thus placed herself ujron a broad
national arid patriotic platform, and invites her
sister States of the Union to stand by her in the
jrreservation of the happiest and freest govern
ment on earth,- —ujron these great principles of
right and justice. Her jrolicy and principles
look to the preservation of the Union—and the
maintenance of the Constitution as one, and in
separable. Ambition can seek no higher and
nobler object, than the transmission to jrosferity,
ot this inestimable legacy. A union of sove
reign States, cemented by a Constitution
dispensing equality and justice to all its
members —a Constitution consecrated by the
wisdom ol the great and good men of revolu
tionary memory—a union—whose flag floats
ujktii every breeze—is honored in every land—
and regarded throughout the world as the em
blem of constitutional Ireedom. The maintenance
of such a Constitution and the preservation of
such a Union, is worthy of the united and un
tiring efforts of patriotic men North and South
—East arid West, —worthy of their best ener
gies and purest devotions. Assembled here in
the Capital of Georgia—around her time honored
and consecrated altars, let us unite in one com
mon prayer to the great Ruler of the Universe—
that this Constitution and this Union may be
jK-rjretuated to our latest posterity.
Re-organization of the Democraiic Party.
The question upon which the Southern Rights
and the Union parties were formed, have been
finally settled, and forever put to rest by the
people. We consider that the mission of both
jiarties is at an end, and both have passed away
and ceased to exist, with the issues Ihjt created
them. Things that have already transpired with
in a few days, and indications of what will soon
take place in Milledgevilie, prove to a demonstra
tion, that tire old Whig party has been revived
in all its vigor, and with more than its ancient
hatred of Democracy. In this emergency it be
comes the imperious duty of every man that pro
fesses to be governed by Democratic princijrles,
to rally around the time-honored flag o! Demo
craey, which has so often led us to victory. State
Rights, Southern Rights, and a strict construc
tion ot the constitution have always been car
dinal principles of the Democratic "party. Let
every man that holds these principles go with,
us. Let by-gones be by-gones. Let 11s look to
the future. In this cause we unfurl our flag and
nail it to the mast. We expect soon to see a
Democratic Convention eomjrosed of Delegates
lrom every jrart of the State assemble, which
shall give force and direction to the Democratic
jrarty in its future movements in the Presidential
campaign which is about to open. We have
not space for further remarks on this imjxrrtant
subje.-t at present, we shall discuss it more at
length hereafter.— Federal j Union.
The Fraud Exposed.
When the office seekers formed wh it i* called
the Union party they declared in their proceed
ings that their object, was to save the country from
disunion, not to govern it. Under this pretence,
behind this mask, they deceived many thousands
of honest men and got into power. What do we
see now.' They claim their jxrwer obtained by
deception as a Whig victory. Who is President
ot tlm -Senate ? A. J. -Miller, a bitter Whig.
Who is speaker of the House? .lames A.
Merriwether, another bitter whig. Who is to
be United States Senator, Robert Toombs,
a man who has always been a most bitter
eniemy of Democracy; and these things have
all been accomplished by the help of Democrats.
Ihe men who ojrposed the country in war, who
have been the advocates of a national Bank, and
high Tariffs in jicace, have been placed in (low
er by Democrats, and now that they are in jxrwer
the Democrats are not allowed to sit at the feast,
but arc only jrermitted to pick up the crumbs,
that tall lrom the table. They now admit that
there is no danger from disunion, they know
there was none before, but they would not admit
t.ie truth until alter the election ; hut having got
into power by the deception, they have deter
mined to use their power for the benefit of Whig
gery. Thousands of Democrats have been de
ceived by their false pretences. If they are de
ceived any longer it must be their own fault.—
lb.
Milledgevili.e and Gordon and Eatonton
Rail-Roads.— We make the following extract
from a letter from a friend in relation to this
Road, which was ojieiied for travel to Midway
(t wo miles from Milledgevilie,) on Wednesday
ot last week:
Mili.edgevii.le, Nov. 2.
***** ‘•I fip.d the Milledgevilie and
Gordon Road in excellent condition. The work
is progressing, and probably during the next
month it will lie finished quite to Milledgevilie.
1 ill 1 only jrart ot the work on tne two miles yet
to be built, which is now nearly done, is the
bridge over Fish Creek.
“The work is progressing rapidly on the Ea
tonton Roal. The connecting link from Eaton
ton to Madison is now seriously spoken of, and
will probably be built, within two years—thus
uniting the Central and Georgia Rail-Roads, by
a line from Gordon through Milledgevilie and
Eatonton to Madison."— Savannah \Republican.
1 he 1 exas T kade. — The Lavaca Commercial
says that a regular line of vessels has been estab
lished between New-York and that jrort, which,
together with the line of steamships now going
intoojreraton between New-Orleansand Lavaca,
will be a certain guarantee for the speedy growth
and prosperity of the west. The editor is also
inlortned that one of the steamers now exjteeted
in a few days “is as fast as anything afloat, mak
ing, under almost all circumstances, twenty
miles per hour."— lf. O. Picayune, 30 th Oct.
ro France.— lt is suppossed at
W a>hington, that thej Mission to France,vacated
by the return ui Mr. Rives, will be left for the
present, with Mr. Sandlord, the present Secre
tary of Legation, as charge d'affaires. There is
no appropriation for an outfit: and however de
sirous many very distinguished jrersonages may
be to serve their country abroad, their eagerness
to do so will be very much qualified by that cir
cumstance.
La 1 e Syracuse Slavery Mob.— We learn
from the National Intelligencer that five of the
white men engaged in the rescue of the fugitive
slave from the officers of the law lately at Syra
cuse. New York, were held to bail on ol
October in the sum of $2,000 each, and two oth
ers (colored in SSOO each for a mere misdemeanor.
and that the Hon Y.'m. H. Seward and others
signed the bonds of each of the defendants. In
the mean time the negro is out and gone, and the
owner held to hail in a much larger sum tor kid
napping. This is the faithful execution of the
fugitive slave law 1 But the South seems satisfied
with it; wiiat right have we to expect any bet
ter.—Montgomery .Advertiser.
SsnmxsAT San Francisco.— A letter from
San Francisco says:
By actual count, within the week jrast, it is
ascertained that there are 553 vessels Win- in
the harbor of San Francisco, IS3 of which are
laid up and used as storeshijrs. A % large propor
tion of the otheis will never float*in any other
waters than those of San Francisco. The forest
of masts will remain a permanent characteristic,
a remarkable feature, within our golden gate.
U. S. Mint.—The coinage at the Mint in
Philadelphia during the month ol October was
very large, viz : 680.774 jrrices of gold, of the
value of $0,231,019; 713,200 pieces of silver of.
the value ot $ 15,706: and 053.00 copjrer cents
The gold bullion, dejrosited during the month of
October was $1,754,560, of which $1,670,000
was from California, and $75,000 from other
sources.
AUGUSTA, GA.
FRIDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 6~
THE LARGEST CIRCULATION IN THE STATE.
CC?" We received no papers by last evening’s
mail from offices north of Charleston.
Mr. Fillmore on Slavery.
The Washington Republic recently said:
“ A garbled copy of a letter, written by the
President in 1838, having long befli in circula
tion, designed to represent him in a false light on
the questions to which it refers, we are happy
in being enabled to present to the public a copy
of that letter in an unrnutilated form. It will
be seen that ti e entire communication places
the President’s views, even at the date in ques
tion in an altogether different aspect from that
which it has been made to bear by the publica
tion. of a portion of the letter, shorn of its very
material qualifications and explanations. Will
the presses which have heretofore published the
letter in a garbled form, have the manliness to
publish the following complete and authentic
version of it ?”
As we published Mr. Fillmore’s letter of 1833
in a garbled form, as the Washington Republic
styles it, we now publish the “ complete and
authentic version of it - ’ as follows:
Buffalo, October 17, 1333.
Sin: Your communication of the 15th inst., as
chairman of a committee appointed by “The
Anti-Slavery Society of the county of Erie.” has
just come to hand. You solicit my answer to
the following interrogatories:
“First. Do you believe that petitions to Con •
gross on the subject of slavery and the slave trade
ought to be received, read and respectfully con
sidered by the representatives of the people?
“Second, Are you oppose! to the annexation
of Texas to this Union, under any circumstances,
so long as slaves are held therein?
“Thin!, Are you in favor of Congress exerci
sing all the constitutional power it possesses to
abolish the internal slave trade between the
States?
“Fourth, Are you in favor of immediate legis
lation for the abolition of slavery in the District
of Columbia?”
I am much engaged, and have no time to enter
into an argument or to explain at full length my
reasons for my opinion. I shall therefore con
tent myself for the present, by answering all
I yonr interrogatories in the affirmative, and leave
for some future occasion a more extended
sion of the subject. I would, howc. er. take this
occasion to say that, in thus frankly giving my
opinion, 1 would not desire to have it understood
in the nature o! a p'edge
At the same time that I seek no disguises, but
freely give my sentiments on any subject of in
terest to those for whose suffrages 1 am a can
didate, lam opposed to giving any pledges that
shall deprive me hereafter of all discretionary
power. My own character must be the guarantee
for the genera! correctness of my legislative de
portment. On every important subject? lam
bound to deliberate befoie I act, and, especially
as a legislator, to possess myself of all the infor
mation, and listen to every argument that can
be adduced by my associates, before 1 give a final
vote. If I stand pledged to a course
of action, 1 cease to lie a responsible agent, but I
become a mere machine. Should subsequent
events show, beyond all doubt, that the course I
had become pledged to pursue was ruiuous to my
constituents, and disgraceful to myself, 1 have no
alternative, no opportunity for repentance, and
there is no power to absolve me from my obli
gation. Hence the impropriety, not to say ab
surdly, in my views, of giving a pledge.
1 am aware that you have not asked any
pledge, and I believe 1 know your sound judg
ment and good sense too well to think you de
sire any misrepresentation on the part of others,
that l have lelt it my duty to say thus much on
the subject.
1 am, respectfully, your most ob’t servant,
MILLARD FILLMORE.
W.«. Mills, Esq.. Chairman.
We are utterly at a loss to know why Mr.
Fillmore has authorized the publication of this
letter at this time, unless his object is, in a sly
way, to show the people of the North what a
strong anti-slavery man he is. We sec no dif
ference between this letter and the garbled one,
except, in the declaration of Mr. F., that his
views must not be taken in the nature of a
pledge. And what is the basis of bis disincli
nation to give a pledge. Why, that, in conse
quence of it, he might have to do something
tthat would be unjust to the South ? Oh no, but)
that would be runioui to bis constituent* and dis
graceful to himsell. Well, he never imagined in
his life, that his agreeing to the propositions, in
volved in those questions, would be ruinous to his
constituents, or disgraceful to himself. Like
other cunning politicians, Mr. Fillmore talked
about a pledge just to afford him something a little
larger than an augur hole to squeeze, or peep
through, hi the future.
But there stands out his letter, as now pub
lished by authority , in which he says that he
would oppose the annexation of Texas to this
Union under any circumstances, so long as
slaves are held therein: and Mr. Fillmore was as
good as his word, for he opposed the annexation
of Texas till the votes of the majority made his
opposition vain.
In this letter Mr. Fillmore was in favor of
Congiess, exercising tin power to abolish the
slave trade among the States. We were under
the impression that he had subsequently qualified
his view upon this jxiint, but he does not even
authorize a brief explanatory note to be appended
to the letter. That would not have done for the
North.
We see, also, that he was in favor ot the im
mediate abolition of slavery in the District of
Columbia. His whole Congressional career
proved that he was in favor of receiving aboli
tion petitions on the subject of slavery, and treat
ing them in the most respectful manner. Now
what difference is there between the sentiments
this letter and the garbled one, except that the
latter said nothing about the ridiculous pledge to
which we have already alluded.
Mr. Fillmore would seem to desire to make
the people of the South believe, that an effort had
been made to make, with his letter, a mountain
out ot a mole-hill. He has had it published un
der his own eye, and this letter sustains every
thing that was objectionable in the garbled let
ter. Circumstances are beginning to show, that
Mr. Seward and Mr. Fillmore are hand and
glove, at any rate, that they understand each
other. Mr. Fillmore may, for the sake of ap
pearances, seem to iutend the publica.ion of this
letter as a justification of himself at the South;
hut he has too much sense not to see that it can
not justify him in this section. No, he has two
strings to this bow, one for the South, which, if
it takes, well; but the longest and best for the
North, where he has been losing ground for
some time. His popularity has been growing, or
rather diminishing, there, to something of the
outward figure of the skeleton. He wants it to !
fill up and fatten somewhat for fifty two. A i
man’s popularity ought to be in pretty good or- i
der to run a four mile Presidential heat.
Mr. Fillmore may haw and hum, and write
out authentic verisions of his letter, as much as
he pleases, but his true position, as an enemy of
the institution of slavery and of the rights of
the South, upon that subject, will be seen before
long. It will then, also, be seen, how much
confidence is to be placed in the declarations, or
judgments of the leaders of the Constitutional
Union party; who have held up Mr. Fillmore as
a patriot faithful to the rights of the South, and
i just to every section of the country.
CL/” We extract the following from a letter,
received from a friend and very responsible gen
tleman, written to us from Sparta, under date of
the sth inst.:
“ You have, no doubt, learned that we have
the Small Pox in Hancock, and perhaps in an
exaggerated form. There has been only two
cases in the county, both at John A. Evans’,
Esq, some eight miles from Sparta. One, young
Mr. Evans, is nearly well; the other, his sister.
Mrs. Jackson, has it slightly—is not considered
in any danger. No other case there or any
where in the county. We do not consider that
wc are in any more danger here than you are
in Augusta. The attending doctor thinks that
no other case will grow out of these.”
New-Orleans EaUet Troupe.
This is the last night but one of the perfor
mance of this company. Go early if you wish a
good seat.
New-Terk Oysters.
Messrs. Hogrefe & Schneider have our thanks
for a plate of fine New-York Oysters, with the
necessary fixlns. They have made considera
ble improvements in their establishment, and
are now prepared to cater to the appetite of the
most fastidious customers. Archy is at the head
of their kitchen, which fact of itself is a recom
mendation to the establishment.
Powers, the Sculptor, besides his statute of
California, is engaged on o*ne of the Union. A
correspondent of the Intelligcncersays, he sug
gested such a work, when Powers took him in
to his room, and showed him that he had antici
pated his suggestion, by exhibiting a clay model
representing a female of majestic proportions,
in a standing attitude, with one hand resting on
a Roman facia, the emblem of union and
strength; whilst the'other arm is gently uplifted,
with the hand pointing to Heaven, to which the
solemn and earnest expression of her face seems
to appeal. Like the other works of Mr. Pow
ers, the writer says, the attitude and form of this
•statue is easy, graceful and noble, and is charac
terized by the peculiar dignity observable in,and
which forms one of the chief attra tions ol his
Greek Slave, even amidst her fetters. Powers,
when asked what he intended to do with it when
finished, replied—“To hold it at the disposal of
my country; jierhaps, when completed, Congress
may purchase it.”
I hi*: Supreme Court.—This Court began its
session for the Fall Term, in Milledgeville, on
the 3d inst. All the Judges were in attendance.
There are but five cases on the docket.
The Austrain Government is very angry at
the preparations that have been made in Eng
land to receive the exiled chieftain, Kossuth, and
the semi-official organs of the Government abuse
Lcrd Paimerston with unsparing acrimony.—
Lord Westmoreland, who was recently appointed
to succeed Lord Blocmfield at Vienna, has been
delaying his departure until the excitement in
the Austrian capital shall have somewhat subsi
ded. The Austrian Lloyds, a semi-official jour
nal of the Austrian cabinet, expresses itself with
"a pity, mixed with uncommon contempt, for
the stupid, well-feasted aldermen of Southamp
ton and London,” and says: “England has no
other means left to resort to, to express its rage
at tiie failure of English policy on the continent,
but to render honors to a man who had been
banished from his country for political offences.”
The contributions to the Washington National
Monument fund for the month of October
amounts to 83,719,66.
We learn from the Washington Union, that
tne Secretary of the Interior has decided in favor
ol the claim of lowa to the Congressional grant
j of lands above the 11 Raccoon Fork” of the Des
j Moines river, instead of limiting it from its
mouth to that point, and has ordered lists of those
lands to be made out for his approval. This de
cision confirms the action had upon the subject
by Mr. Secretary Walker and reverses the sub
sequent and contrary decision of Mr. Secretary
Ewing.
The Richmond, Va. Whig, has a notice at the
head of its Editorial columns, to the effect that,
original poetry will be inserted, but charged for
as an advertisement!
The Great Southern Mail.— Mr. Zeveley,
the special Agent of the Post Office Department,
is actively pursuing his enquiries as to the pos
sibility of an increase of speed in the mail service
between N. York and New Orleans. We learn
from our exchanges that his investigations on
the route have fully satisfied him that a gain of
twenty-four hours over the time at present con
sumed in the transmission of the mail, can be ef
fected between the two points indicated. Nine
teen hours of this time will be saved between
New York and Mobile, and the remainder to be
effected between the latter city and New Orleans.
This increased speed, it is thought, can be ac
complished without abridging the time allowed
on the route to secure connexions at difficult
points.
Tl:e Soil of the South.
The November number of this interesting
agricultural work is before us. Like its prede- i
cessors, it is well filled with interesting matter |
to the planter, and should meet with good en- j
couragement. The following is a table of its j
contents:
Increase of the Manure Heap; Farmers’
Dwellings; Breeding Horses; Horse Shoeing; |
Foot Ret in Sheep; Salting and Packing Perk ; i
Manufacture of Cotton; Marsh Mud; Ground :
and Uaground—Cooked and Uncooked Food-
Composition of the Plant—Letter from Professor
Nelson; Burn Vegetable Matter; Cotton Plant- j
ers’ Convention: Review of the September !
Number; Review of the October Number; j
Planters’ Meeting in Meriwether County, Ga.; j
The Cultivation of Corn; Corn and Cotton Cul
ture on Uplands: V» niter Crops; Fruitand Fruit
Trees in the South; Planters’ Convention—
Crops in Florida; Cutf'ng Wheat; Pea Hay; A
Word to our Friends; Agriculture, North and
South; Editor’s Correspondence; To Corres
pondents; November Gardening; Transplanting
Trees, Household Coiniorts; Small Matters in j
Agriculture; Onions; A Sensible Speculation ; 1
Flowers; Toads; Strawberry Culture: Birds;
Exhibition of Fat Cattle and Sheep in France;
Tartar on the Teeth; A Man of Business; Lard
Candles; To Make \ariousKinds of Ink; Pre
mium List of the Muscogee and Russel Agricul
tural Society.
[communicated.]
; Editor s Constitutionalist dr Republic:
j I will (if you please) through the medium of
your columns, lay down a platform — a Southern
platform—which, with the superstructure, which
may easily be built upon it, will stand the test
and changes of time. Give me a patient hear
ing, while I give you the outlines, and will
promise to fill out its parts, if encouraged by
you, to the undertaking.
And, first, the “ corner stone ” must be laid
in the union , and in acquiescence of the (so
called) Compromise, the questions involved in
which, have been recently passed upon by the
highest tribunal—the People. You and I have
concurred in opposition to those measures, and
with those who acted with us, have been defeat
ed—signally so. Our remedy for the future will
consist in our industrial pursuits. The South
ern States make Cotton—cease to make it. and
civilization itself, retrogrades. Stop the crop for
three consecutive years, and Europe is convulsed,
if not Spin it ourselves, a tide
of wealth is turned (rom the lap of our Northern
brethren into our own. Spin it ourselves, and
though the area of slave labor was fixed by the
11 Compromise we virtually enlarge it (and can
for coming time) by detaining by employment,
the white race within the limits of slavery, and
not only so—we identify his interest with slave
ry ; for if he gains a support by spinning cotton,
although you may not be able to shew him the
beauty ot this, as a federal government, yet. if he
spins cotton, you can shew- him that, without
cotton, he cannot spin—and that, without slave
labor, he cannot have cotton. If the Southern
States were to spin their cotton, it would be
done by those mainly, who, if now they are net
exactly opposed to slavery, leel nevertheless,
that they have no interest in it. I have not used
the woril manufacture: This (in its extended
sense) we could not do. I mean, not that the
South should attempt to put cotton into its
thousand various finished shapes—let us give
them the thread , and there stop. Can we do
this > We can ; and lam willing to pledge my
self, to shew, satisfactorily, that in ten years from
this, other Southern States can, by a systematic
effort, spin all she makes—and that, in thus
doing, she will identify the interests of those who
spin it with slave labor, and that this identity of
interest will be to those who spin, so palpable,
that no political regulation can be resorted to in
reference to the slaveholder to his injury, but
what it will be seen and felt by the cotton spin
ner as an injury identical to himself.
Spinning cotton is a simple process : a few
persons would (comparatively) be engaged in it
at high wages. One mind can direct a hundred
hands. The principal thing wanted is capital ,
or rather the will (influenced by interest) to turn
the capital we have into a new channel. I ad
mit here, that the whole plan is based on inter
est—selfishness if you please ; for while politi
cians are governed by patriotism, the world o
mankind at large (with the above exception)
have hitherto been governed by interest. It is
to the interest of the South to make the best dis
position she can of the room which has been al
lotted to her by her Northern brethren, to keep
the white lace (by giving them profitable em
ployment) trom leaving the slave region, for if
this is not done, the black race must soon pre
ponderate. It is to the interest of the South to
double the worth of her great staple—this she
can do by spinning it.
The way to effect it will be for the press to
call attention to it—to discuss it in private cir
cles and public assemblies—let those favorable to
it meet in convention at an early day—let them
organise by having a Central Corresponding
Committee and Committees in every county, to
get up the first year at least one Cotton Factory
in each county—let them have a press in which
all their advertising is done—let that press lie the
medium of cominunicaling a knowledge of what
ever is wanting in the way of machinery, mecha
nics, &c., and every thing in any way calcuated
to give useful knowledge in regard to spinning
cotton. This is the outline. If encouraged, I
will shew, 1 think, satisfactorily, that it is not
only to the interest of the Southern States, but
that her safety consists in its adoption.
Cherokee.
(Telegraphed to the Charleston Courier.)
Baltimore, Nov. 5, 5.57, P. M.
Judge McLean charged the Grand Jury at
Cincinnati relative to the Cuban Invasion, and
characterized it as having been one of the most
atrocious and less excusable that has ever been
known to have occurred in the history of civili
zed nations.
In Mississippi the Hon Henry S. Foote is
literally sweeping the State, and the probability
is, that he will be elected Governor by twenty
thousand majority, Messrs. Nabour,Freeman and
A. B. Dawson have been elected to Congress.
The third District is doubtful.
In New-York it is believed that the whole
Whig State Ticket has been elected, and that the
Whig majority in the Senate will be ten—in the
Assembly the contest will be a close one, and
the result is doubtful. The returns from 40
counties indicate a Whig gain of 2500 on the
vote polled in ISSO.
In New-Jersey the Democrats have a large ma
jority in the Legislature.
In Michigan the democratic candidate has
been elected Governor by ten thousand majority.
In Boston, a Drv Goods House has failed for
$200,000.
In Baltimore a gambler named, James was
killed to-day, at the 3d ward polls.
The Ohio arrived at New-York to-day from
Chagres with $30,000 in specie on freight, and a
considerable amount in the hands of passengers.
I She brings four days later intelligence from Cali
j tornia. Messrs. Wells & Co., Bankers in San
Francisco, have failed in consequence of the los
ses they sustained by the late fire in that city.
The Prometheus was at Havana on the 31st
ult. short of coal.
The steam ship Niagara sailed from New York
for Liverpool to-day, with $950,000 in specie.
New Orleans, Nov. 5,7.20 P. M.
Seven thousand bales of Cotton were sold to
day at full prices. Strict Middling was worth 7,
and Middling Fair 7 3 cents. Two hundred bar
rels of Whisky were disposed of at 181 cents per
gallon. Rice commanded 33, but the demand
for it was limited.
At a meeting of the Chatham Mutual Loan '
Association last evening the following loans were
made, viz; SIOOO at 403; SIOOO at 411. S2OOO at :
40f; and S6OO at 4Of per cent premium.— Sav.
News, bth inst.
' ; <
ORANGES. ! 1
1 O BBLS ‘ sweet ORANGES, received by Ex- i (
J- v/ press. For sale by j *
nov 6 3 A. LAFITTE.
JHagnttic Ctltgrapj).
Reported for the Constitutionalist * R(_. U lr
Baltimore, Nov. 6—p u
The election yesterday resulted in the su c
of the whole Democratic ticket in
The steamer Prometheus has arrived at \-
York from Chagres, with five hundred passT
gers and six hundred thousand dollars in
The steamer Independence arrived at San r ■
on the 19th ult with one hundred passengers
The steamer Cherkee put into Rial jo "in V
tress on the fourth ult. and landed two
and fifty passengers.
New York, Nov. 6 P. jj
Cotton.—The market is heavy at yesterday'
prices. Sales 1,600 bales. Rice $2 jto $3-“' ’
Political.—The New York Senate V r
doubtedly Whig; the Assembly is probably De!
mocratic.
Miscellaneous.—'The Cherokee sailed to-day
for Chagres with 300 passengers.
There has been a severe storm at Halifax
The steamer John Douglass and four fishii „
smacks were sunk, and all on board perished °
Additional per Prometheus. —The assets 0 f
Wells & Co., who failed in California, will
all claims of depositors.
Baltimore, Nov. 6—p. ffi .
Cotton.—Tha market is unchanged— 100
bales sold. 2.000 hags Rio Coflee sold at to
9 j cents.
The Election.—Only six wards in the city
have finished counting tho votes. The De.:
ocrats have certainly elected their entire ticket
Nothing definite from the country.
Charleston, Nov. 6—P. M.
Cotton.—Sales to-day 1.000 bales at pre\* _,
rates. Sales of the week 6,000 bales. Rcct-'j
same time 7.345 bales. Stock, exclusive of tint
on shipboard. 11,374 bales. The market do*,
Jto 3 decline. Extremes oto 9i cents.
[Correspondence of the Savannah R'jndduan \
Millkdgeville, Nov 4
The House, yesterday, after the election w
' McCollum as door-keeper, adjourned till tin .
, o'clock—when it met. again, mid elected Jesse
, Oslin as messenger, on the second ballot. A mo
rion was then made, that the Speaker ap»'r
’ the standing Commit ees,and also appoint a Con
mitttee to join another from the Senate, to wa -
i upon His Excellency the Governor, in order tj
. receive any communication which he might <£
’ sire to make to the General Assembly.
’ In the election for President of ,he Senate
1 the Hon. J. W. Anderson was not a candidate
f the Hon. A. J. Miller having received the enter
Union vote. The Southern High s memte:,
’ threw away their votes or. Mr. Anders.ir. wbf t f
1 his name was not before the Senate. Nor wa, j
Judge Henry a candidate for Speaker of the f
House—the votes given to him having 1
thrown away by some of bis friends.
The House of Representatives met this men '
iag at 10 o'clock, when the journal at MonJaj i
was read.
[ Mr. McDougald of Muscogee, presented a L!: ?
to prohibit the introduction of slaves into tnis f
’ State lor purposes of sale, which was real :. I
1 the first time.
A resolution was then offered to bring on lbs
. election of State House officers, on Monday the £
10th inst. which was agreed to. On motion tae B
House was cleared and the members vvithdr-w "
beyond tbe bar, so as to allow the lottery a
seats : this being accomplished, the message tat
, the Senate, announcing their organization. »ii
received, and also the report of the Commits*
appointed to wait upon the Governor,to ar,iu .:s H
■ that the General Assembly had organized, nta '*
i was that his Message and the accompanyingd> f :
cuments would be sent to the Legislature at . >
. o'clock.
Ms. McDougald. of Muscogee, presented a l.t :
■ lay offanother judicial circuit, to he entitled tnt
> Florida Circuit.
, A motion to strengthen the gallery of the a
House temporarily for the greater safety offi*
who will assemble to witness the ceremony* |
1 inauguration on Wednesday, was carried.
A bill was presented to lay off two judicial ;
( circuits in tho Cnerokee section, and also a:.
to incorporate a Southern Female College
1 Covington.
! It having been moved to take up the resduSK
, offered yesterday regarding the electionoi Jri.d
, andSolicitors.it was proposed that Tuesday
the 11th inst., be the day of election. On tha
1 question, there was considerable discussion. £• j
■ ring which Governor Towns’ message «..• -•
nouneed and read, and 1500 copits ordered to
printed for the use of the House.
The votes for Governor elect having beer
in, Mr. Bartow moved that the House u'-
the Senate that it will be ready to received £
half-past three o'clock, for the purpose oi v - |
ting them. After which the House adjouri.e.
Nothing of importance was transacted in
Senate this morning.
Commercial.
Augusta Market, Nov. 6—P. M.
COTTON'.—There has been a good demand tM Jj
and if anything holders have found less difficult; - 51
king sales at yesterday’s rates.
COLUMBUS, Ga. Oct. 15.1' : 1
Stock on hand. Oct 1, _ **
Received this week.
Received previously.
Shipped this week 65
Shipped previously,
Stock on hand *■ *
Receipts light, prices 6 a 6 \ cents.
SAVANNAH, Nov. 6.— Cotton. —There was a Eg
mand yesterday, and the sales footed up 7bS UV
prices ranging from 7 to 8 cents. The extreme pri *
last week were scarcely maintained, but no
duction was established in prices.
SAVANNAH EXPORTS, NOV. G.
Ter brig Lotliera, for St. Jugo de Cuba—lo**l*-*
Lumber, and 27.856 do. Timber.
Shipping inteUigriice.
ARRIVALS FROM C HA?.LE3TO3*.
Schr. Milton, Keene, Baltimore.
CLEARED FOR CHARLESTON.
Ship Mayflower, Crocker, at New York.
Barque Avola. Kendrick, at Boston.
Barque Alfred, Pundt, at New York.
SAILED FOR CHARLESTON
BrigOrry Taft. Mo wry. from Providence. R-1
CHARLESTON. Nov. 6.—Arr. ships Medora. Br^
New York; E Eulkley, Brown, do ; John
Wambersie. Baltimore; barque Como. Smith. 1 ' I
brig L. Baldwin. Share. New York: schrs. Admira. ■
Iledlev, do.; Helene, Griffin, do. . ■
Cleared, Swedish barque S. L. Lamm. Valley. * ■
gal, (Spain.) and a market; schrs. M. E. Welii. b" m
New York; Aurora S. Wilson, Baltimore. m
Went to sea. barques Carolina. Sherwood. * I
Bay State, Dill. Philadelphia.
SAVANNAH. Nov. 6.—Arrived, steamship'
Ludlow, New-York; ship Marion, Johnson. > eW * * j
brig Excel. Bennett. New-York. ,
Cleared, brig Lothera. Bentley, St. Jago de Luos
Departed, steamer DeKal'o, Shaw, mM
AUGUSTA AND WAYNESBORO’ R • ■
A N Instalment of 20 per cent, on Fubs-rip.iot ls ■
A the Capital Stock of this Com| any, ® ■
ealled for by the Board of Directors, p-.jjol®
before the Soth (lay of November ne.v.," t * a -‘ . ■
of Mr. Joseph Bancroft, the Secretary ot the t o 1" I
ny, in Savannah. A. R. LAWTON, Fre* 1, I
oct 18 i l *