Newspaper Page Text
. volunteer force oi
local defence and special ssrvicc, of ut least an
,q ,al number, be mustered and reported as
tu>,j ct to b’.B call lor service, within >our
luis does not look much k» it the call wn
ma je lor troops 'or the war! Was it lor tio <;-■■
oU ye as a seuera. turn lurougu. ut toe owe-
I Horn tne e-ttne Uooumeut. iou e -y,
•‘it becomes eseeuual, that the reserve, of our
population, capable of bear.ng arms, e c., be
reued on lor employment in the local <l.hence
ol important cities, and in repelling, m ta,< i- ,
goncies, the sudden or transient ivui ioii- of
The enemy.” Again, "local orgamz ions or j
eniistineute by volunteering 101 nmu - Pf 110 ' ,
and special purposes, il they can be indm a,
would afford more assurance of prornp. ana }
eflicieut action." You then reler to tue two
actaoi Congiobb for local defence and tpoc.a*
service, and enclose copies ol them au.i can
my attention to im m AuJ you proceed w •«> »
"under the former oi cues •, ii organization!
could Ire effected, with the limitations prescnb
ed in their muster roils ol eervico only a . home
or at specilied points of importance withiu tun
particular State, they would bo admirably
adapted to obtain the desired end,’ In si
iug of the inducements to be held out to tnu.-,-
who will form volunteer companies undm ui<
act of Congress you speak ol mem as “orgaa
izations ior special service within ihe Biau,
under otucers of their own select on, and won
the privilege of remainingat home, in me pm
suit of their ordinary avocations, unless
called tor a temporary exigency to active da
ty.” in reference to the vicet •i e p
ed by these organizations, you then use this
language. ...
“Without the general distubanoe oi a call on
the militia, the organizations nearest to the
points ot attack, would always be readily Mini
moued to meet the emergency, and the popu
lation resident in cities and their vicinities
would, without serious interruption to tneii
business or domestic engagements, stand or
ganised and prepared to man their entrench
ments and doieud, under the most tmimating
incitements, their piopt ty and homes.
You remark again, “Alter the most active
and least needed portion ot the reso - ves were
embodied under the loriner law, the Jatiei
would allow smaller organizations with more
limited raQgo oi service, lor objects of police
and the pressing contingencies ot neigabor
hood deleuse* Could tUcse laws be generally
acted on, it is believed, as full organizations
of the reserve population would he seemed
for casual needs, as would be practicable. :
There is not a wool m any ot this, about
service as the general iuie throughout the
btaie. But every expression looks to locs
and limited seivices in sudden emoigeuce
suen us incursions oi tue enemy,
aud to the deieuse ol tueir own homos, and tue
•uueucu"'euw around* them, by tuose w o
live lu cities "to neighoo'hood delensc,
' couUai laias,” etc , with the clear promise u.
an, tuat so boon as stub emeigeucy nad j res
ell, iuey ouuUul lie pel milled lo 1 . iijrn Mill
auO aileuii 10 itloir "old u.uy aVutiati.
uo i ou'iuea or Uoareol CengageinojUl),'' uli
1.. c woops recollect now this piomise w,i
aepv
oU you uarge that I had Formed nomi
ne oi B a«.z ris not eonioim eg 10 the reg
u4.-*0..00. ru« t'lovinuiial army, seaut m ih<
in office! s, wiin everyvtvari ry
o. ,/Uu„-c.uu 10. local service, gcueraaiiy 1
ill-cut tool-mod cuaracier, and for the brier
periou oi ou -y six months.
Licit organization formed by me was in con
fortuity to the statifleg, copies of which yen
enclosed as the guide for my action, s aml for;
the exact time designated in your requi:>iu."u
over your own signature. Each had the num
ber of men specilied in the statutes, and no
one of them had a supernumerary officer, wi‘,n
my consent, or so far us I know or believe,
'l ho repuisitiou expressly authorized nie to ac
troops for local defense, of the most t
Btric«€d character, with “the limitations prat-*
Bcr.bed in their muster rolls, ot service only at
home or at specned points of importance
Bnt while you expressly authorized tliis Ii
fused to do it, except in case oi companies i
mechanics and other workmen in cities - - hie
operatives in factories, uud the employee-oj,-
railroads, etc., when the nature of their avoca
tions trade it actually necessary, fa ail tariff!'
cases 1 refused to accept the companies when' 1
tendered, if their master rolls eiki not e•. w
and b ad them to defend, at Ii
ol the whole territory of the Stale. Many of
them covered the whole territory ot the state'
with the conditions of their muster loliff.
Homo complaints wore made at my course, Ixt*
cause I required more thau was required in
either the acts of Congress, or the requisition'
ot the Secretary of War.
(( Anotner charge is, that when called ouc
scarce a decent division ol four thousand men
ci.'u.il be mustered tor the field, and then only
lor six months ” Your obi iv oil mesa ol -
as well as of records, is indeed lvmai kabitn-
Only those whoso muster rolls ein-'rac-d A hu*#
la and tho territory between it and the j a-,
nesrtoo lino were called out (ill near the end of'
the period for which all were enlisted, and von
got a d'.visiou of many more than four tkous
aud within that boundary.
Ihe others, over twelve thousand, were id
home, engaged in their “ordinary avocations ”
ready to respond to your calf in . case of >
emergency, or “sudden incursion of tho
enemy. ' But you never called for au- *
il'BQi till a short time before th© inid o> i
-of ihoir enlistment, 'those you vi.
Called out you aevei even armed and it, •
believed by them that they were only a- i
bled tor the convenience of the conscript ..ni
cer*, to save them the trouble of soar- -g
through the country to see if any among ai'fu
Were subject to conscription. Nobody yre ..aid
ed that there was any "emergency,” ov ~
den incursion of the enemy’’ at the time of fibre
last call, in tho sections ol the Stale ilu*v h i .
agreed to defend - 1 have gone thus Sully iuui.
this record for the purpose oi showing t-hc p .i
pablo injustice which you attempt, to do in
aud of exposing the flimsy pivtcx. u let - whs 1>
you seek to defend tue bad faith winch was t x
ereised by ihe Government towards the
laut men who, by their prompt response, , r
thau doubly Oiled your requisition i ; - hi.: ;
and spirit. *
Asa last means of escape von s.iy I >c ;
•ntly claimed that they should be h ; ;
regarded as militia. "In that case tin v t o
not, if dismissed, be recalled ou cm.
local troops, and this naturally indiuvd
detention for the full period ot i ,j r ;■
term ot service.” 1 should have b -n
Obliged ii you had given an
mustered iuto service for the per ~and
months, with the express promi
should be permitted to remain at h : y,
pursuitol’ their “ordinary aveca ie .s. ,
in‘‘emergencies” or to meet •> ,«
transient incursions of tie enemy,” con id
reoeirefurloughs and return home
“emergeucitia” or "sudden and ?i ■ ,ot ;■
cttrsious of the enemy,' audivussi-i : . ,
recurrence of the emergency. -« hy
the same men, living in the sain.' . -
united for the same purpose, to u
same territory agaiustr'suddea ;tid
incursions of the enemy,* ’ have reec-i m
loughs to return home and attend to -.he
suit of their “ordinary avocations,” i; .
Militia aud commanded by otlicers :• p - • .
at the Constitution provides, by the ~: „Ut
as well as if called local comnauits, ami e "
minded by officers appointed by the i\,.
What strange magic is thereabout itte i'
dent's commission which would enable re
organised tor service uuder officers h--I<lim;
to receive furloughs when uot needed in r
vice, which the same men, organ : z-d he ..
same service, couid uot get it the is -..tSners
c - ved thwir commissions iu tli-> con-'li'u’ i-...
•nod in m the stare? If the same C >;• - , -
•oomo**wa <•! the same effieeis aud m
i>e lempotarily dismissed vhen nor .
the service thry have eugagid to ■ • ' \ '
calUd by the name "local compact"
may this uot be dona when they ar o
the name Militia? ' 0 by
As no reason can exist for the .1; ,<
you attempt to draw as a jnstiticati. n
President s conduct?none was assign •“ . ‘
It U simply absurd to say that militia Ln‘ V
aud 9eat hom ‘ ) wht>a out need. '
f“5 £“T ”■ ; “
*m*T£
niiG«iora
et U» orguww militi. »,, nm tL ,
“ed in the act of ■ • when the hour
of peril o out of all ihe large numlx
j | vM- trie act oi G .ngre- aud turned ovei
nil i*> tr-i bv bin •of ihe L ii •-
- V • ■ ■■} i-oui v.r h
:i muStet .a id- hanu cj aid iu tue ueiense of
i iic .-late. Os all tr.-e Ooiifeiiera'it res-rves, to
vfbivf; ri.-o s .t« -i ioi-i she might safely to >k
xor uefense, not u man w.th a. musket in is
h oof W: at the front duringina whole march
onhe federal army from Dalton till its tri
umi-a'ant nor mcc into At inta. And if action
ft ad been delayed unlit the President called,
as shown by the date of his call, not a man of
ail the reserve militia of the estate would have
i een tae The - lonfederate reserves organ
ized "were not. sumc ’ally numerous to,guard
unarmed Fed-. - rd prisoners ia the State,
and l ha- to fuvi; . ; h, when-their services were
■ meh xu and dat trie trout, a battalion of mili-
tia to aid mein- ...
~,tkiu oy the State authorities, to
v q ' ,ii, r, ia • ntirely imaginary.
i",| .(h; !he Legislature, your officer?
,vvre ied p>-; fee t y li e to execute the law of
.j, nli m rigor But it it were real,
-ui.u, ihe i.’rusidorit, with the aid ol his large
ind.hu State, should have been
i.j,e to get ■ oiuebody to the front. A single
, , , v,: li a / I>. * i musket might nave rendered
••orric assistance. Or if this, by reason of in
sufiic ency, could not be done, if he had or
here . h - coips of conscript officers there, as I
ordered the btafce cflieers, they were sufficient
ly n- ci -rous to have done essential service,
i even thin favor, at that critical period, the
people of Georgia would have been under
■ rear obligations to him.
I mm!, not lo ■ m >ther of the call,
a.-, you term it, .vnieu was th™some of these
troofis, (ten thousand organized militia) had
oee’i ue- died for objects not.admitted by on
rolling officers iu ihe IState to be authorized by
Confederate law, and others were claimed as
primarily liable, or pi tjjously subject to Con
federate service. Tnis, you say, Lad “engen
dered controversy,” which is was most he
sirable.to 4 'anticipate and preclude.” As Con
federale enro! ing officers had domed the rigixt
ot the iSiaie to make details, and had claimed
certain iii-.n whom the Governor held as part
of 'ho mb it.a ot tho 8 tale, and as the Governor
did not o once yield to the pretensions of
. in . - ■ but was diposed to
contend for the righ sos the Btate, the Presi-.
dent, umvuiiug to allow the controversy, de
termined to relieve the tate ot her whole rui
ixtia, by ini-k) sg requisition for it, ana. takiDg
it ait into bis own hands, which would “antici
pate and preclude” any further controversy;
as tim .Slate, having no militia left, need have
no furt.no;’ eonirevecry about her right to auy
particular individuals as part of it.
T.ii new in avory oi the President of the
rn ■i" ,if: m a controverted right, aud the
11), re I'.in.iiity si re ,t.i .mantiiiip displayed t»y
h-m tin.- :i iic, jaauot be too highly appro
.-tui _\. By miii-atiug his example in iuture,
cue .-uotb.er p -r;y can always- make a speedy
; ; ui -. . .ii ne i,.-a,K;:i', wituout allowing
,uv ;i;ip,• I, ac conn• w isy abouc rights.
You I ,-iia..a, dial m.y aeC;ouaiid pub
i, t-x a.mr- .1 1! g*Vrii eneouragemecr to
m en >iiies, to to : ii irtili .‘acioa oi many pa
i. ioM-: :iizj * the; ■ -utederacy, may i - :
p)operly (:-c- .s- \ .-‘t lay liie « ngre remark,
.li t. if we m ... judge <i the o,
our . n;; ;u'- -’ y the general expression oi thei.
nn.;.; joinnai.., i I’ics aeui. gave them more
(ietight, iu;, -. and eh-.\Hfraguiuent, by his sin
gie speech at Maotm, uian a,U the past acts aud
public ijxprew ;ious ot my iiie ouiU. have done,
hail I labored coniuaiuiy to aid uud encour
age them.* He who can satisfy the enemy
th.-.t two.thir '.•) of lhe men who compose our
gaihiut armies are absent from theu- posts, uf
io • : 11■ • <i- light Hud eacouragemeut indeed,
■■is iii, y will u » longer doubt, if this be true,
that the spirit m our people is broken, aud
that our deieuderu can uo longer be relied oa
to su„iuia out cause iu the field. All remun
bfcr the mo: tih •:>. ton which the speech ot the
Pioskteiii, caused to the patriotic ot ihc
Concede-...ey. It it had been true, surely it
sijouid-i;ot nave been publicly proclaimed by
the P--e;,i<le«t ? B”.t. lam satisfied it was not
true, and that, in m.kirg the statement, the
i' .esie-. ,r dl l grteVmiQ. injustice to the brave
men who compose our gaiiaut, self-sacrificing
armies
it has aI:.o been agreeable to you to speak
of my acPou as springing from a spirit ol op
po-ition to the' O.uutrierate Government, aud
aaimo>itv to the (Jliiei Magistrate. 1 have but
a word of reply to this unjust and ungenerous
attack.. Some men are imahie to distinguish
between upp-uiitlon to a Government, and un~
wiiliu : ::-- s in. i».imliy to endorse ail the errors
us an adiui .istratian; or to discriminate be-'
tween loyalty to a cruise, and-loyalty to their
muster, aty loyalty is only due to my country,
you su| i-- ,>w joins where your interest or
iiudujutiou may prompt.
* I do not coi; ,it r t.litvt the point you attempt
~tu Uu’ yiy uivl 1-llti.-JUCO of the
uiiiii,m,, wjme under the Confederate General
Co!Hiu-.*ud'-:ug the Departmeat, ii.-a iu it even -a
sho <r of j . rh j .-. ere accepted by
, him tor oho viuie, as an ;.>i” auizatiou, and
.vhiie uiiiii ise>»mrol, ho lus the absolute
comamu'i «*t Uuuu, u ; the Governor of the
Stii e does not, ex; roise the slightest control
over them. :V i;. possible pretext for sayimv
i > i v.e a* i-iis division subsisted
.n p . iji: as any other division under
Ins couim 1 . just a-. much r-m. n
for bill ag iov a Divhiiou of Georgians, uudti
. . i.-c- i'snouUt not be subsisted and p.i id by
ihc Oonteiteracy, whiteunder his command, as
; .i; Divisipa under Gen. Hood should
■ ioi be subfii«ied ad p u while he commanded
vhem The o utb id J. uottom es all this is
so v s ', /, tu:»‘ iyf ‘.uaot bo concealed even by
L 1 fun: .■ 1 ;«*iar emphasized by you
J that the t ii i'4u f• m C.aiic-de:ate States
pi Wet to ket, p
rfcrri ' . |fwai As the -• ttes woe
I sovereign iu.«esiif.d. alt power when they
I ,mu'-va: i.m-V : ; .tutidia which gave life to the
j a',; ... . lout, neif r. that Gov -
j ernmeut ■•or t Con? .utiou could confer any •
J pvi .Vi" uii j;.,e ot Taey rebiiaod all that,
they dill not confer upon it. Hut admit your I
l sutciu-.-at. and what iofiows? You were oblig
! v.l o. o; ... i.o i.cx: sentence, that t..e j
’Si * did i.-serves ch i petvor. Having reserv
ed t, t . • •;.■• • ■ ■■■, .i.f.horiseti to exercise
jit. A you a.,;, i they not only reserved the
:■■:•. • vi.tion xtiualiy includes
■'• • -uv =.■ ; ish ho object
■ ■ ... o iiapt ua explain it
! .iwuv. by tb.al ihe reservation means
| t..iu .. -ad in lt’-io . contend that the Con
. ‘ • .•>. a: y*. !•■• . the St tie
filie •>■ ,0,0 ra which site has re
j 1 1 ;■ ;1* vivvvr i..i i\- <’jy. without violating the j
: \ g ■-■ : hi other words
; .. - , . j . ■'i v >1 the right to keep
|Vo - ie ■ actually invaded.
elfci is su bordi -
!• ii:v«‘ to (.-«• wi,- m i.i • .’ns..leak, who may take
Ac.'.-'fu. x > • im de »-f reasoning, it a j
• at f ' 1 ' 1 ' : ' oy - 14,10 su; ’ I
v_ . ■■-■ i.Mvu .• -w s, and may oe |
■ t : .: » a. i, in..- ta necessary to enable j
j ei to c.\-r. .. a to iheir tubes; extent, the j
'
■• -.' ucleg ~ powers liberally, and the re- |
1 i u, r
V- ; ;-d r - >' *PH>I -t conmi. i ci-'.i- -
. •
: a ■-■- * ' -•■ ■■ l
ice eg - ted power.- sre limited j
.3 u ; c ' : v . erv. ; ~owc:s. mss well :
e t i "..e s u.iia- a! o* \uu when it >
... the Cop
ted., .w Adaiii’-is'iiat . _ ...cud you claim tua. j
thep'V.Cv i -;-e: ved . , the 6 .u>s to- keep,;
u'oeps U; ihue ci w..i, ... cu iicuislly iuvaue.i. i
simpvc means tbat they may kei-p them tiif j
the Confe.ieniu- i-ixtviliive chooses to call tor
uud 1.,a.0 1... Uri §ue of tb.em out oi their ;
coutroh -i.
,lt> justify nil this, you are driven to the
u-vtat pica of necessity. You say it was needs- I
; us e m ’: . Goc.g i
. 't* e sci vice.' and cubjeot, lios to i
inv tuukTin 4 Knf j
. v *. 4-i Ui>j L>Ul h-. ~ixJ CvutrOi ui }
tx nonstuudonai Comm mdei-m-Chiei.
vr-.> Ut ‘t J ' Prsddcat s. or ever can be j
v.iwoai l t eor,<eut of the State, the Const l- :
r-ia Chief of the whole mi- j
dura of Ihe State. Wueu we take the whole!
context together, the Cons‘itntion is plain [
u ><>n this point II" is (i‘clarcd to be the
C > nman ier-in-Ca’«f ” the A>mv and Navy i
of the C mf-derare States e.nd of the miiiti, of j
:h® -weral '-tat, 3, w ou cade iia jto •. ' -
service of the Confederate S ates.
Congress has power to oroyide for calling
forth t tie inititi t to execure the law ;of t
Ooo'ede’iiie States, suppress insurrections aud :
repel invasions.
Congress has power to provide for orgamz
ing, arming and disciplining the militia aud
for governing such part of them as- may be
employed in the service of the Confederate
States. Then comes the qualification. The
states reserve the right to keep tioops in time
oi war, when actually invaded. If she is not
mivaded, under provision made by Congress
they may be exiled forth, if the emergency
-■‘ •quires t If she is invaded, she may keep
i.uoh par- f them as she thinks' proper, under
her rw-erv-.-i. iighi, uni they cannot be taken
without her consent. Th-* whole case is in a
nutshell. . Congress may pr^v : de for calling
forth tao ml. t*a, and for governing such part
ot them as au employed in the service of the
Confederate St ites Ihe President is, for the
time, Commander in-Chief of ail who are so
employed. And all may oe so employed, ex
cept such as the State deter ffinesto keep-, by
virture of her reserved right in time of war,
when actually invaded. These Congress has
no right to call forth, and no right to provide
for governing, and of these the President is not
the Constitutional Commanderin-ia-Chief,
but the Governor of the State is, so long as the
State keeps them, and she has an unquestion
able right to keep them as long as the inva
sion ol her territory lasts
This I understand to be the constitutional
right of the State of Georgia. By this, as ber
Executive, I stand, aud regard with perfect
indifference all assaultssupon either my loyal
ty or motives by those who deny this right, or
seek to wrest it from her, to increase their
own power or gratify their own ambition,
A word, as to the use I shall make of this
mii'dia and of all the troops at the command
•of the .Stafe. No sentence in my former letter
iu an “inconsiderate utterance.” No word in
it justifies tse construction, that I will array
my State in “armed antagonism against the
Confederacy.’’ On the contrary, I will use the
troops to support aud maintain all the just
rights and constitutional powers of the don
federacy, to the fullest extent. No State is
truer to the Confederacy than Georgia ; and
none will make greater sacrifices to maintain
its rights, its just powers and- its independ
ence. The sacrifices of her people at home,
and the blood of her sons upon the battle
field have abundantly established this truth. But
while l will employ ali the torce at my com
maud, to maintain all she constitutional rights
of tfie Confedaracy and of my State, I shall
not hesitate to use thh same force to protect,
the same rights against external assaults and
internal usurpations. Those who imagine
themselves to be the Confederacy, and consid
er only loyalty to themselves as loyalty to it,
and who recognise in neither the people nor
the States any rights which conflict with their
purposes or future designs, doubtless see intjais
the “foreshadowing of a guilty purpose.” It is,
to say tue least of it, a fixed purpose.
It is not only my right, but my duty, to up
h nd the constitutional rights and liberties ol
the people Qt .Georgia, by force, if necessary,
against usurpations aud abuses of power by
the Central Government. The militia is, un
der the Constitution, one of the proper instru
mentalities for that purpose. There is scarce
ly a single provision iu ike-Constitution,
for the protection of life, liberty
or property in Georgia, that has not been and
is not now constantly violated by the Confed
erate through its officers and
agents
It has been but. a short time since oae of the
stores of the State of Georgia, containing pro
perty, in the peaceable possession of the State,
was forcibly entered by a Confederate officer,
aid the property taken therefrom by force
i had no mhitia present at the t : me So repel
iids invasion of ihe rights of the sovereign
State, but should have Had them there soon if
me property had not been restored.
Jr single Confederate Prov st Marshal, in
Georgia, admits that thirty citizens and sol
diers, h ive been shot by liis guard, without
his right to shoot citizens being questioned till
within the last few days, when ha was greatly
enraged ,that a true bill for murder should
have been found by a grand jury against one
of them for shooting down a citizen iu the
streets, who offended him by queTrtmiug his
authority over him. Every citizen in the
State, both man and woman, is arrested in the
cars, streets and bighw >ys. who presumes to
1 travel without a pass. They are arrested
without law. and imprisoned at pleasure. < f
Government officials. The houses, lands and
(Meets of the people of Georgia are daily seiz
ed and appropriated to the use of the Govern
ment or its agents, without; the shadow .of law
without just compensation, and in defiance of
the decision of the Supreme Judicial Tribune
of the State: and her officers of justice are
openly resisted by the officers’of the Confede
rate States The property of the families of
mUliers, now under arms to sustain the GOll
- is forcibly taken from them without
hesitation, and appropriated, in many cases,
v|*h.-uif compensation.
In >. . state of things, the militia are neces
sary to uptrend the civil tribunals of ihe State,
md wi.i oe use.! for f-hat- purpose whenever the
proper call is made by the proper authorities.
No military with" Tty, Stifle or C nlederate,
can lie lawfully used for any other purpose
than to uphold the civil audit .rides, and so
much of it as the Constitution of my country
has confinded to my hands snail be used for
•dial purpotai, whether civil society, its Consti
.luion aud laws'shall be invaded from without
-r trom within. Measured by your standard,
is doubtless disloyalty. Tested by mine,
ii, ia a high duty to my country.
Respectfully, etc,
JraEPFi E. Baow.v.
Confedkratb States of America. )
War Department >
Richmond, Va., Dt-c. 13, 1861. )
Bis Excellency Jos. K. Brown.
Governor of Georgia, Macon, Got. :
Sir—Your letter of the 14ih nit bus been
received. In accordance with the rule I
have prescribed to myself in my correspon
dence with you, 1 shall avoid all notice of the
observations ia your tetter which do not iu my
opinion form matter proper for official commu
nication ; and therefore much ot your letter
will have no response.
An Act of Congress of the 28th of Feb
ruary, IS6I, provided : “I'bat to enable the
Government.of the Confederate States to main
tain its jurisdiction over all questions of peace
and war, and to provide for the public defence,
the President be. and he is hereby authorized
and directed to assume control of all military
op radons in every State, having reference to or
(•.•nnecdon with questions between said States,
or any of them, aud powers foreign to thnn.”
Ou the Gth March of tho seine year they em
powered the President “to employ the militia,
military and naval forces of the Confederate
Suites, to repel invasion, maintain the rightful
pc: session of the Confederate States ia every
portion of 'he territory belonging to each
Stale, and to secure the public tranquility and.
independent against threatened invasion.’ - ' —
These Acts of Congress do not exceed the com
petency of that body -under the Constitution
they confer plenary powers upon the Presi
dent to employ the military power of the Coa
re; - r<ie States to meet the extraordinary emer
:■ -vie- that might arise, and which were ibeu
shadowed. Yon do not deny the existence
01 too cm rgenev aiitioipafed and provided for
by Congress. You simply contend that you
should 1 mploy the militia instead of the Presi
dent Thai you should conduct some mMiuiry
■pe; .lions, rather than the Resident, and that
Congress judged unwisely in eunfidiuirfspowfß
-10 b:ai, rather thau to yourself, viu-my jtffig
meut, these Acts ol bind tiptn
:.■> a cjf t. n u • an offiCCT-.' and you ‘owe
pioiupt.-cordial and sohesitatlhg obeff&nhe f§
them. v, ’ , ’■ v,• .*•■
In stating the parallel qaso of
the refractory Governors of aud
Connecticut iu the war with rerfeat Britian,
during the administration of Mr. Mbdisdtr, i
is aware that the former had tne support of
;b-* i.piniou of the Judges ut tuat Suite, as
c nn-reDfed in a letter aUitresscd .him, an tas
T. ed by you. They had aiso thA‘ -support of
i hen Stake Legislatures, and of the reeMve? of
i u; Hartford Convention, composed t>< deie
> ates from those and other 8• ates. liie au
tuority of these different public ofifioeis and
ageucies support your Excellency ; but tffie
judicial opinions of the Supreme Court of New j
lork, ard of fft e supreme Court of the United
- .aies, a- rendere.l ia the line cf their duty iu
•a-ri before them and tie general sentiment:
t.'C j: \ p ! e. an<T tbe uniform action of the
aitho.ities of loyal States, afford no such sup
o. rt.
M j. Gen. Cobb informs the Department
ha ac nos made a satisfactory adjustment of
this difficulty, and I dismiss the subject with
out further remark.
In the summer of 1863, it became apparent
that uniess the population of the different
States who were not embraced in the Acts of
Congress of the 16th April and 27th Septem
ber. 1862, providing for the public defence,
usually termed Conscription Acts, were organ
ized for sorv ce, that the country would
be exposed to frequent and injurious incursions
irom the enemy, by which it would be devas
tated before the means of defence could be
carried to the place of invasion. A proposal
•r tiie organization was prepared and cPmrnu
nieated to the Governors of all the States. —
This plan was to organize all the non-conscript
population in companies under the Acts of
Congress to provide for the local defence or
special service. These Acts provided only for
voluntary enlistments, aud an alternative, or
rather an auxiliary proposition, was presented
to facilitate the accomplishment of .this lead
ing and prominent object.
I addressed you on the Gth of a
letter 011 the subject? a telegram on the 12th,
and a secon t letter on the 19th of the same
month, ti'he General orders of the Department,
embodying its views as to the nature of these
volunteer organizations, and disclosing the
derails of the measure, were published by the
Adjutant aud Inspector General, the 2'2d June,
1863. these orders required that those com
panies should be formed for service during
the war; that they were not to be called into
service except iu cases of emergency; that
they were not to be omployed beyond the
limits of the State; and when the emergency
terminated they were to he dismiss; and to their
homes; that service iu tfeose companies would
excuse from service as militia; that those
companies were preferred to militia organi
zations; that they were to be armed by the
Uonfederate States as far as necessary, and
were to be paid by them while in service. A
copy of this order is enclosed.
These views were disclosed in the letters I
have h tiore referred to. The extracts you
have m ide from them to defend your conduct,
do not represent the views of the Department
fairly.
In my letter of the Gth of June, I state
the necessity for organization ot the non-con
script population; the many and grave objec
tions to the use of the militia; the superiority
of the system of defence proposed by Volunta
ry organizations for home defence, and- the
mo lives that might be addressed to the peo
ple to adopt that mode of defence. I stated
in that tetter that : “For this (the organi
zation) the legislation of Congress has made
a lull provision by two laws, one entitled
An Act to Provide for Local Defence and
Special Service, approved August 21st, 1861;
the other entitled An Act to Authorize the
Formation of Volunteer Companies tor Local
Defence, approved October 13th 1862, to which
your attention is invited, and of which, as
t: ey are brief, copies are appended.' Under
tbe former of these, if organizations could be
effected with the limitations presented in the
muster* rolls of service only at home or at
spocifihd points of importance within the par
t'cul ir State, they would be admirably adapted
to obtain tbe desired ends, of calling out those
bred qualified for v-iie service; of employing
them .'fliy when and so long as they might be
needed; of having them animated with esqrit
da corps ; reliant on each other and their ae
iecfea officers, and of thus securing .the lar
gest measure of activity and efficiency, per
haps attainable from other than permanent
soldiers After the most active and least
needed portion of the reserves were embodied
under the former law, the latter would allow
smaller organizations with more limbed range
ot service, for objects,or police aud the pressing
contingencies of neighborhood defence. Gould
these law-; be generally acted on, it is believed
as full organization of the reserve population
would be secured l'or casual needs as would be
practicable. •
• I clone that letter by saying: “I am in
structed by the President in his name to make
ou you 'a requisition for five thousand men,
to ise iur-iished by your State for service
therein, unless in Ihe intermediate,time a vol
unteer lorce, oiganized under the iaw for lo
cal defence and special service of at least an
equal number be mustered and reported as
subject to his call for service within your
State.’ ’
In my telegram of'the 12th, I say: “Your
assurance of’’co-operation is gratifying. Or
ganizations under the law of the Provisional
Congress are preferred, because of their longer
term of duration and. greater adaptation tor
ready call on temporary service, and then for
dismissal to their ordinary pursuits.”
Iu my letter ol the i9th of June, I repeated
the ' arguments, in favor of organizations for
local defence in preference “to militia organ*
izatiom; or organizations on a basis similiar to
the militia' for a limited period of service.”
I stated to you that "I did not suppose there
would be such difficulties, delays or confusion
as yofi r.ntiuipatdd; that the progress of form
ing tfio organizations is very simple and fa
miliar to your people as having been general
ly adopted ia volunteering for the Provision
al-Army ti i’here will* l>e no occasion to send
ou to Ihi£ Department here anything but the
muster./oils, which, under the regulations to
jbe issuf-d may be verified by a judge, justice
or colon-:’- of militia. I thiuk, with deference
to your opinion, the whole matter of prompt
and easy 'accomplishment.’ ’ - *
The :eguiations referred to -were published
on the 22d of June, 1863. They declare their
object to be x to 'fford ‘instructions as to the
method by which such organizations may be
made, and the privileges they may claim,”
and with these regulations, the Act of Congress
of August 21st, 1861, was published, which au
iborizeu the President to accept the services
of volunteers of suoa kind and in such propor
tion as he may deem expedient to serve for
suclijtime as he may prescribe, for the defence
of exposed places or localities, or such special
service as he'foay deem expedent.
The general features of these regulations I
have already stated. They define with ex
actness tin conditions as to the time of enlist
meat, the .place of service,, the duration of
their special and 'pa’ticular service upon the
Presidential all. These were the organize
tious that you were expected to form, and you
seem to hasc entirely overlooked or forgotten
the duty that you undertook to fulfil*.
It hr not pretended by you that you carried
into efi’.ct rhi.} plan for the organization of the
.State. aud that vonr promised co
re-. Dion was unproductive of the results an
iici/;Ueti nom 1t Y'ou followed the sugges
tions of ybmF&vn mind, and did not act, and,
so tar as thus Department knows, did not at
tempt to. apt. -contoi tnajly to the views pre
sented tpyou/
I ma'd-i no complaint of your failure to do
this, nor whs The tailure made the subject of
any observation, uatii you assumed the ground
of being the iojnved party, from which you
nuied an and the Department,
as waiutiqg fa faith to you ; while the fact was.
if there fires any want of faith or breach ot
duty: you alone were the guilty party. I re
| CtV t-kSI/" now simply the
| misrp|>i'«#ritsitja« of the . conduct of the De~
ireiiian. ut garbled extracts from its
e rr: pmvTreß-’te -extracts which do not exhib
it iairiyThd' , subjfecv under consideration. I
abstain nc<*r<K»m imputing your conduct to
bad faithjip. ji#* Department, in repelling the
waptou aiffijeckiass assault upon the integri
ty of tho aiTiiiinl. - • -.lion ot this Department.
- Your fenaxHti ufir-h the patriotism ' and ser
vffiert ui»-people of- Georgia WiH" -
jr i'iliii"u':|jßP n i iaily .^appreciate
both." I hav .ot breieved that .tbejr c could e be
seduced from -uei/fftielily to (h'e Confederate
-jnTt*** or tin A# fhefr cdnaflttftlon..
Jj &ave not .qipruiEed that they! - ceukl be Mr
ga.yc-4, into, may teaertiou... <4 the common
"ckuiv/ ..The unanimous
■tnfetiif tii. '-“tie w.Ts uot requited to as'suie rue
»r thei(EX?mh and loyalty, it has but eon
tiriaed ui"} opinion tuat the seeds of baleful
j-aiou tit-', suspicions and irritation that have
to industriously been scattered among them,
have been wholly unproductive of the fruit
autjcipatpd.
It is to be hoped in the future that all
energy that har been thus employed, will be
diverted to the legitimate object of achieving
the independence of the .Confederate States,
securing the peace and tranquility of the Con
federacy, and promoting thereby the true
greatness of Geovgi 1.
Very respectful,y, your o’-’d! serv’t,
James A. Seddox,
Secretary ot War.
Executive Department,
Macon, Ga . January 6, 1865. j
Bon. James A. Seddon, Secretary of Bar :
Sir—lt becomes my duty to notice your
communication of 13th December, which
reached me a few days since.
After citing the acts of Congress of 28th Feb
ruary and ihe 6th March, 1861, conferring
power upon the President to assume control of
military operations iu the States, and to call
forth the militia, etc., you declare that Con
gress in passing these acts did not exceed its
competency under the Constitution, and you
then insist on a construction of these acts,
which denies the right reserved by tfie States
to keep troops in time of war, and which con
fers upon the President the power *0 call upon
one State for a class ot her population which
are not subject, under any law of Congress, to
do military duty, and for which he makes no
similar requisition upoli any other State.
The acts which you quote are not properly
susceptible of any such construction as you
are obliged to place upon them to make them
serve your purpose. If they were, there could
be no doubt upon the mind of any lawyer who
understands tfie . rudiments of constitutional
law, tfiat Congress had uo power, or authority
to piss them. No candid lawyer will insist,
for a moment, that an act of Congress can take
from the States ihe right which they have
plainly.reserved in the Constitution to keep
troops in time of war, or that the President has
any power or control over any troops which
a State may so keep, or that he can justly and
legally make requisition lor them, or tnat he
has any legal or just grounds of complaint if a
State refuses to turn them over to him, if he
should transcend his legal authority by mak
ing the requisition. Nor will any lawyer in
sist that the President has any power to make
requisition for militia which Congress has uot
made provision for “organizing,” or for men
or boys not subject to militia duty under the
laws of Congress. As these acts of Congress
could confer upon the President no powers
which are denied to him by the Constitution,
and as his late requisition upon the Executive
of this State was in clear violation of her re -
served rights under the Constitution, I am sur
prised that you should attempt to justify this
usurpation of undelegated powers by a resort
to Congressional action as directory to the
President to violate the rights of the States.
In your former letter, you declared that my
refusal to fill this requisition of the President,
was analogous in “ all particulars” to the con
duct of the Governors of Massachusetts and
Connecticut in the last war with Great Brit
ain, in refusing to fill the requisition made
upon them by the President of the United
States. In my answer, I showed too conclu
sively. for reply, that the cases were not analo
gous in auy particular. Without attempting
to make good your assertion, or to controvert
a single position in my argument, or to trace
the analogy in a single particular, yon again
allude to the subject in your last letter by
saying:* “In staling the parallel case of the
relractory Governors of Massachusetts and Con
necticut,” etc.
Ngw no one know better than yourself that
the cases were in no degree parallel; and that
you could neither trace the parallel lines nor
point out the analogy.
To avoid a misstatement contained in your
former letter that “ the judicial tribunals de
termined adversely to the pretensions of these’
Governors,” you say you were aware that the
former (tbe Governor of Massachusetts) had
the support of the opinion of the Judges of
that state, and#of the Legislatures of those
States, etc.; aud that the authority of these
support me in my position. Here, again, you
are as incorrect as I have shown you to be in
almost every important statement which hue
been made by you. There is nothing ia the
opinion of the Judges of the Supreme Court ot
Massachusetts sustaining the Governor of that
State, which gives the slightest support to my
position, or that has the least bearing upon
the controversy between us. What were the
points decided by that opinion of the court ?
They were substantially the following :
Ist. That when the President made a requi
sition upon the Governor of q State for, the
militia to repel threatened invasion, it was the
right of the Governor to judge whether the
emergency existed. He decided that it did
not
• 2d. That when tho militia were called out
under a requisition from die President no Fed
eral officor but the President in person had the
right to command them. These were the po
sitions of tne Governor of Massachusetts, and
the opinion of the Judges sustained lfim.
Neither of these questions has arisen in this
discussion. 1 have not denied the exigency,
but foresaw it aud had tho reserve militia in
the field iu battle with the enemy months be
fore the President seems to have seen it, at
least months before he realized it to an extent
to cause him to make the requisition.
I have uot raised the question as to the right
of a Confederate officer, other than the Presi
dent in person, to command this militia so
caHed out by me while in service. On the
contrary, I had placed them under the com
mand ot a Confederate General long before
the requisition was made. With these facts be
fore you, a little reflection cannot fail to show
you how much mistaken you are when you
make the assertion that the decision of the
Judges of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts,
or of the Legislatures of those two States sus
tain my course or any position I have taken.
As tlieie is neither analogy nor parallel between
ihe cases cited by you and my own ease, no de
cision sustaining the governors iu those cases
can either sustain or condemn my course upon
an entirely different state of facts and circum
stances.
But yffu say the judicial opinions *of the
Supreme Court pf New York and of the Su
preme Court of the United States as rendered
in the liue of their duty, aflqrd no such sup
port. As you have not shown how the action
of the Governors of Massachusetts and Connec
ticut, or the correctness of their position could
have come judicially before the Supremo
Court of Ne w York, or the Supreme Court ol
the United States; and as you have not been
able to cite any case in which the question of
the conduct ot those Governors was ever be
fore either of said Couvta, I am left to sup
pose that you are, as I have shown you to be
in so many instances, again unfortunate iu
your stateni'jk'- 01 facts, and that in attempt
ing to sustain an erroneous statement in your
otber letter, you have added another to former
mistakes.
As an excuse for dismissing the subject
without iurciier attempt to sustain your posi
tion yon remark tnat Major General Cobh in
forms the Department that he lias made a sat
isfactory adjustment of. this. difficulty. While
there has been perfect harmony between Gen
eral Cobb and myself in military matters from
the commencement of Sherman’s advance up
on Atlanta to-the present time, as there has
been between Generals Johnston, Hood, Beau
regard aud myself; there jiaa been no adjust
ment whatever between rne and General Cobb,
of what you L<*temi “this difficul
ty’.” I have neitiaam by-, word nor act -done
anything to the right of the Presi
dent to make this requisition, or to admit tise
obligation of the Governor to fill- it. I have
stqod in reference to General Cobb as I have
towards you and the President upon the re
served rights of the Stare, and have refused
to relinquish the control of the State over her
reserved militia, while she determines to keep
them, or to fill a requisition which ihe Presi
dent right to make. I am happy to
find that upon reflection you seem (a, see your
tffi&ffdad are prepared to accept this as a sat
-tisfactm’ya&djt»tnment of a controversy
youMave ufijqgtiyprovfikfcd, and tin? wtHfth you
yo-ursfeif upqa auy kaywn prin
ciple of law, v . t r ..
'To , ievote a greater part p f your letter to
Xnofii c "attempt to justify your bad Tulih to the
Georgia troops called ous under th£President’s
requisition of 6th June, load, and to prove
contrary to the piain language of,, tne requisi
tion, that they were called for duripg the war.
You complain of what you call my “garbled
extracts,” and you quote extensively from the
requisition, but you are particniariy careful td
so “garbla” your own extracts as not to quote
that essential part of it twice stated in the
letter, as I hare already gh'orm, tW they were
required only for six months. It was upon
this requisition, with the two acts of Congress,
which vou sent with it aa the guide for my
con luct, that I promised co-operation With yon
in the organization. The piomise was redeem
ed both in letter and spirit, aud your call f r
eight thousand men (not five thousand as you
now erroneously state in your last letter) was
met with more than double the number re
quired, organiz and ia 6tnct accordance with the
plain language of the requisition and the acts
of Congress o« that subject.
As candor and'truth at least are expected ot
one occupying your position, it is painful to
witness the shifts to which you resort to do in
justice to my State and to misrepresent the con
duct ot her Executive in a matter where he
more than doubly filledjour requisition.
lam now favored by you with a copy of a
General Order issued by Adjutant General
Cooper, weeks after the requisition was made,
which I do not recollect that I ever saw, till 1
received your letter, and you complain that I
did not cany out your views as expressed in
that order. I obey uo orders from ycur De
partment: nor was this order furnished to me
when you made the requisition, or during the
organization of the troops with even a request
that I conform to it. 1 was asked by you to
organize the troops iu accordance with your
letter containing the requisition and the two
acts of C ingress, of which you enclosed copiess,
for six months service” with the pledges con
tained in your letter, to which I referred in my
List, letter, that they should only be called out
for sudden emergencies, etc. This 1 did on my
part, aud you refused to redeem the pledges
made on your part, This is the whose case,
and I here dismiss this part of the subjets with
my .regrets that justice to inyselt and the large
number of ihe citizens of my State who suffer
ed uiinecf ssarily by ycur action, has made it a
duty for me to expose your bad faith aud the
misstatements to which you have resorted to
sustain an interpretation of your requisition
which its plain language unquestionable pre
cludes.
By the expression ia your letter that: “It,
■(the unanimous voice of the Legislature of this
State) has but confirmed the opinion that the
seeds of baleful jealousies, suspicions and irri
tation that have so industriously been scattered
among them (the people) have been wholly un
productive of the fruits anticipated,” 1 am left
to conclude that in your disiugeuous effort by
intinuatiou to call in question my motives in
protesting against the President's usurpations
and abuses ol power, you, as is your habit, base
your assertion upon an assumption of facts
which do not exist. The' Legislature of this
State at the late session passed uo resolutions,
aud expressed no unanimous voioe, upon an>
question connected with the conduct oi' the
Administration of which you are a member,
nor did they utter in its behalf any voice of
approbation.
While the people of this State are true and
loyal to our cause, they are not unmindful ot
the great principles of Constitutional Liberty
and State Sovereignty upon which we entered
into this straggle, and they will not hold guilt
less those in power who, while charged with
tho guaidiansixip of tfie liberties of the people,
have subverted hnd trampled personal liberty
under foot, and disregarded the rights of pria
vate property, and the judicial sanctions by
which, in ail free governments they are pro
tected.
The course pursued by the Administsation
towards Georgia, in her late hour of extrema
peril, has shown so conclusively, as to require
no further argument of illustration, the wis
doimoi the reservation made by the States, in
the Constitution, of the right to keep troops in
time of war. Georgia has furnished over one
hundred thousand ofher gallant sons to the ar
mies of the Confederacy. The great body oi
these men was organized into regiments and
battalions of infantry aud artillery, which have
been sustained by recruits from home, from
mouth to mouth, to the extent of our ability.
Those who survive of these rbgiments and nat
talions have become veterans in the service,
who, if permitted,^would have returned to their
State, and rendered Sherman’s march across her
territory aud the escape of his army alike im
possible. I asked that this be allowed, if as
sistauce could not be otherwise afforded. It,
was denied us, and the State has been passed
over by a large army of the enemy. Hundreds
of miles other railroads have been for the pre
sent rendered useless. A broad belt of tier ter
ritory, nearly four hundred miles iu length,
has been devastated. Within this belt mostot
the pubiic property, including several court
houses with the public records, and a vast
amount of private property, including many
dwellings, gin houses, much cotton, etc., have
been destroyed. The city of Atlanta, with
several vilages of the State, havo been burnt;
the Capitol nas been occupied and desecrated
.by the enemy, and Savannah, the seaport city
ot the State, is now in his possession. During
the period of Sherman’s march from Atlanta
to Milledgeville, there was not one thousand
men of all the veteran infantry regiments aud
battalions of Georgians n6w in Confederate
service, upon the soil of this State. Nor did
troops from other States fill their places.
Thus “abandoned to her fate” by the Res
ident, Georgia’s best reliance was her reserve
militia and state line, whom she had organized
and still keeps, as by the Constitution gfie has
a right to do. Without them much morepto
periy must have been destroyed, and the city oi
M icon, so important to the State and tho Con
- ledevacy, must have shared the fate of Atlanta
and Savannah, while Augusra, with the small
Confederate force by which she wa3 saved, di
vided with Macon, must also have fallen.
These troops whom Georgia keeps have not
only acted with distinguished gallantry upon
unay bloody battle-fields upon the soil of their
own State, but they have when, an important
service could be rendered by them, marched
into the interior of other States. The noble
conduct of the Troup County Militia in their
march to Bollard, Alabama, to aid in the pro
tection ot the prople aud property of that
State against the devastations of the enemy,
aud the heroic valor displayed by Maj. Gen.
G. W. Smith and part 01 his command then
wUh him at Honey Hill, in South Carolina,
where he won—with the Georgia Militia, her
State line and a small number of gallant Con
iederate troops most of whom were Georgians
—one of the most signal victories of the war
in proportion to the number engaged, fully at
test the correctness ol uiy assertion in their be
half.
la view oi these facts, with late bitter ex~
peaienee of the people oi this State fresh in
his recollection, tne Georgia statesman must
indeed De a blind worshipper of the President,
who would advocate the policy of turning over
to his control, to be carried out of the Seate at
his bidding, old men and boys not subject un
der the lawa of Congress to military service,
and of a class not required by him ot any other
State. '
I cannot close this communication without
noticing certain expressions in your letter,
which are not unfrequentiy used by persons in
authority ut liichmond, such as “refractary
Governors,” “loyal States,” etc. Our people
have become ac-ustomed to these accustomed
to these imperial utterances from those who
wield the cetral despotism at Washington, but
such expressions are so utterly at variance
with the principles upon which we entered
into this contest in 1861, that it sounds harsh'-
iy to our ears to have the officers of a Gov
ernment, which is the agent or creature of the
States, discussing the loyalty or disloyalty of
the sovereign States to their central agent—
the loyalty of the creator to tho creature —
whicn lives and moves and has its being only
rt the will of the States; and to hear their
praise of the Governors of sovereign States
for their subserviency, or their denunciation o f
those not subservient as “refractory.” If our
iibert re are lost, the fatal result will »ot be
propei.y chargeable te disloyal States, or “re
lractory Governors,’' but it will grow out of
the betrayal, by those high in Contederate au
thority, of the sacred principles of the Consti
tution, which they have sworn to defend.
Had some officials labored as successfully for
the pubiic good as they have assiduously to
concentrate all power iu the Confederate Gov
ernment, and to place the liberty and property
of every citizen of the Confederacy subject to
the caprice and control of the President, the
country would not have been doomed to wit
ness so many sad reverses. Nor would we now
be burdened to support the vast hoard of su
pernumerary officers and political favorites,
who are quartered upon us to eat our substance,
while they avoid duty and danger in the field,
having other little duty, to perform, but to en
dorse, indiscriminately and and P u *“ c 1
newspaper communications
§yery act of the Presideflt, whetket right or j
wrong; and to reconcile the people, by ev» , r
meat)? in their power, to the constant encronph
mont-i which are made upon their ancient mire
j ge-. customs and ’liberties.
B 1 > ’ ’lavrrßs 01 poTcr who are rb>
ffir aenve dnty. a-.-d whose support in the sty’s
in which they live white ail around them is i.-,i
s;ry aud want, costs tbe people millions of <i< -
sirs, w.--e sen-- to tbe field and compelled to .! j
their part in battle, the President would lur*
no reason to make illegal requisitions upon u. ?
State lor her o'd men and, boys, who are w 1
subject to his control under any law State , -
Confederate; but he would soon be able, t >•
heavy reinforcements, to fill the depleted
ranks of the armies of the Confederacy. A
the President is clothed with all the power ne
cessary to compel these p littcal favorites a
shoulder arms and aid in driving back the in
vader, the subject is repectfully commended t i
your consideinfxon as well worthy of ener
getic action.
I am, very respectfully,
Your obedieui servant, ,
Joseph E, Brown .
i'-' CATIONS
s-.i tratii ■
citate of a. •> ten a, Richmond county.
ire Sv.veny applies to me for Letter.- :
aaroiniiimti. ontao K-t.ite ot auh C. lUglies, late 0: . ..re
cou-ity, deceased.
These arc. 1 horefore. to site and admonish all, and sinsr.reu.
the kli.ilivd iisut creditors of saui deceased, to be and Spin.! .*
my office ot. or ’oeiore- the first Monday in April next, to .-i.rev
cause, if any they have, why said Letters should not
granted.
Utvon under my h;;;,,land ofcial signature, at office ;i. a j
gusta, this Ist day 01 :„.uc,.. IS>«3.
mill IwlO OaVID L. ROATH, O.iiina >
£( TAT“EOF“gEOKUX A, fiIUHMONO COUNTY,
ire ••• hereas, tr • Lat.e applies to me for Letters ot/..
minktra :«••• on ! re, of i> unis Lane, late of said rw „
ty (i> ee.-.s and.
T ANARUS: ..v,;..-r re, lo die and admonish all, and sing’te
- ased, to b« and appe.
my i.-: ~u ~r i- re t first. Monday in April uexi, ..
show C..HS-, : an .my have, why said Letters should ut . ,
granted.
Cl Ire 11 under my hai.d and official signature, at office iu .
gusta, .this Ist day ot March, 1565.
min-twill DAVID L. ROATH. Ordina
reireTl ti." ti hi')Koi a, nu)TLuom> counts.
ire Whereas, Jcrunia L. Z. 1 ■ ett and Sarah K. McOwK
apply to me for Letters ot administmtion on tse estuie 1
Eli. - , tbe t-ii Skinner, late of said county, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and singula: tire
kindred and cie :ii 1 of said deco ;sed, to lie and appeal - a". - :.
office on or first Monday in April next, to sko.r
cause, if any they have, why said tetters should uot be gran .
ed.
(liven under my hand and ofilclal signature at office iu A i
gusta, this Ist day of March, ISCS.
mill IwiO DAVID L. KOATH, Ord’y.
re TAX'K OF GEORGIA, RICHMOND COUNTY,
ire Wheieas, Michael May applies to me ior Letters ol ;...
ministration on the Estate ot - Thomas May, late of Bald ct.u
ty, deceased,
i hese arc theicfbre to cite and admonish, all and singular! in
kindivd and creditors ol find deceased, to be and appear ut,
office, on or h. fore the first .Monday Iu April next, to sin. .
cause, ii any they leave, why suul letters should not be gruH
Given under my hand and official signature at office In .
gusta,th s Ist day of March, ISsiO.
inhl 4w 0 DAVID L. ROATH, Ordinary.
State STUB mond county.
'Wa-nas, Uans"o:d a. Dunum applies to me for Lettem of
Adnnuistraiion on the istate of deluxe W. L. Twiggs, la:,
ol said comity, deceased.
These are, therefore, to cite anil admonish all, and singula:
the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be and appear ai
my office,on or before the first Monday in April next, i„
show cause, if any they have, why said Letters should not l,
granted.
Given under :r.y hand and official signature, at office lb Au
gusta this -st day of March, 15(,5.
ilihl 4wio DAVID L. ROATH, Ordinary
QTATE OF G EORGIA, RICHMOND COUNTY.
W hereas, John G dviu applies to me for Letters ot s,t
ministrati non the Es-ute of W illiam Moleny. lute ol said
cjun.y, decease. :
These are therefore, to cite,and admonish, ail and singul.i*
the kindred and cred" rs of said and tea ed, to be and appear at
my olilce ou or belore the first Monday in April next, tu
show cause,-if any they have, why said letters should uot bn
granted.
Given tinder my hand and official signature, at office in Au
gusta, this Ist day 01 Alaich, Into.
mhi 4wA) DA "PL. ROATH Ordinary,
STATE Os UEOe.Gi/t, R JiiMONDO .Civi l.
Whereas, Jeremiah L Z. Cliett and fcayah K McCorkla
appl to me lor Letters anministraiiou bn the estate of
iviiliam fcki .ner late nfsnid county, deceased.
These are therefore to cit.noud admonish ali, and singularths
kindred and etc iitors of .-aid deceased, 10 be and appear at my
office, on or before the first Monday in April next, to
Show cause, if arty they have, why said Letters should uot be
grauted.
Given render my hand and official signature, at office in Au
gusta, this Ist day of March, 1805.
OaVID L. KOATH, Ordinary.
mill ' 4wlo
ti t■- t eofoeokgT -time 1 1 mo n duoun ty .
Ire W hine s, William H. B rre t applies to n e ior I&ttera
ofadminis! ration on the Estate of Edmond B.Olasacock, late
of srid eou ty, deceased:
The?e arc tlieief . re, lo cite and admonish, all aud singular
the kindred and creditors < f s:,id deceased, to be and appear at
my office, on or b.d re the fi,.st Monday in April seat, to
show 1: iiise, if any they have, why said letters iliould uot be
granted
" v - 1 under mv hand an,' official signature, at my office ia
Augrsta, this 2a day of March, 186D,
DAVID L. RO ATH.
mhS 4 win • Ordiunrv
STATE OF OEOKGIA. WII,KK unUßiy.
1 i.kbs » O FfioK J.’f i'smou Court, Fe ru iry 2. r ,IF, 186*
AU per.-o-.a mtcres . and au; liereliy col lied that Joliu W. Heard
of the l«4lh Diet. O and . toIX be ore O. A. booVr aud Isaac
A* i> eken, Fr. e holders c f said District, as an estrajr one vert
c aide bay mar-, about live or iis years old, with a gore on the
left knee, vaiued li; -aid O. it Hooker and Isau ■ A.Dickeit
at one lh;,u ami dollars. The owEe-ot said Estray is requir
ed t ■ come forw rd, pay charges and take taid mare away, or
she wil be dtalt with as the iuw diiects.
A,i rue extract from the Eslray 80, k
feb’26 6w9 O. G NORM AN, O. I. C.
ST -TE - F GEORGIA, WiLKES < uU.VI’V. ~
lilkrk’s t'ririOK i.NTFKii* 1 oubt, F'elirua y 21 and, 186S
All pe-runi mteies'.cd are hereoy notilled that A. J. Paschal
of the 177th District toils h fore T. it. Strother and David
Campbell, Free holders of said Di.-trict, as an estray, a Brown
llor.-e Mule, suppos- and ’o t lB >e.r.- old, 14 hands high, bl ck
mane and'till, v.iu.d by said X. H. Strother and D. Campbell
at six hu* dred dollars The owner of said astray is required
to c me forwa, and, pay char cs and lake said mule away, or he
wi l be dealt with as the law directs.
a true extract from the Eotray Book.
iebiStiwk G. G. NORMAN, C. I. C.
fiT - TK OF GEORGIA, COLUMBIA COUNTY,
in Whereas, Mrs Nancy Culpepper, Administratrix on the
estate ot W. W. Culpepper, deceased, applies tome for let
ters of dismission:
These are,t herefore, to cite- and admonish all, and singular the
kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be aud appear at lny
ofticc, within the timepresciihed by law, and show cause, if any
they have, why said letters Would not be granted to the said
applicant..
Given under my hand and official signature, at offloe, in Ap
pling. this 21 sit day of February, ;86S.
fei>24 2 . 9 W. W. SHI ELDS.Ordinary.
CSTATX OF GEORGIA, COLUMBIA COUNTY.
11 Wliereas,Lucinda j. Holmes applies lo me for lettersof
admlnis tj: ion on the estate of <ias. S. Holmes, late of said
County, ucc used : .
These -r *, the-afore, to cite and admonish all, and singular
the kindred and creditors of said Uuceased, to be and appear
at my oiilcc within Ihe. time prescribed bv law, to !#iow cause,
if any l cy have, why said letters should n t begr.uited.
Given under my hand and official signature, at office in Ap
pling, this 2 hit day of Fcoruary, IbOi.
W ,W. SHIELDS,
feb2 4w9 Ordinary.
ST AT E OFG •nOivGlA.. rt'ILKES COUNTY.
Whereas, John H. Walton applies to me lor letters of ad
minist ration on tho estate of A. J. Aehmorp, late oi said coun
ty, ceee eed.
.These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and singular the
Mndred and creditors of said deceased, to be and appear atrny
offi.e wilhin Ihe -ime pre-crincd bylaw l» show eausa. If
au v they have, why said i.etder* rhouid not ha granted.
Given under my hand and official signature, at office in
Washington, this February 9th, irO-i.
V. U. NOitMAN. Ofdinarv.
teb 14 __ 4wT
STATE OF GEORGIA, GOLli AIDiA tun NT Y.
Whereas, i e» to me tor letters of gn>wf
tauslip of the persoi - r and proper.y of Maty Anna Adecaptola
and .i best liurt n Wiik sob.
I ),g are tiu.rejore to c;l ; aud admornrhnil and Rlngnlar the
kindred and.creditors ot said min irs, to he and appear at my
office within ihe time pn a ribed by law, lo show cause, if any
they have, why said let’em sbou! i not be granted.
Given under my baud and ofik-inl signature, at office in
Ann.inv in l - ud t.r ot i-eo.uary, 1 ut■>
PP- *' W W fcHIKLDB,
feb 16 6wf ordinary, „
QTATEOF4 C 3 COUNTY I
n * her as, J . . or; - applies to me for letters of
.dniinistriil-ou on tn« Estate of Ei.J-.it Norman, late of said
C& T:i>s? arYlri. •eforat > cite and admonish, all and singular
the khnl ; ■ and a.ul cieditors of ->.:u deceased, to be and appear
at my oil F-e within the ti ;.e preserhed by law, to show cause,
If «nv they have, why saio let ere s ouid not be granted.
a.; u ._yto ti and ■ t"--r.l sign* urn at office in
era hlngion. this 28d day of January, lSiit.
Jan 27 4wi G.G. NORMAN, Ordinary.
t|TATE OF GLORHI \ WILtC KiI COUNTY.
VVherea-, £l ria 1, Tripistt ap l:?s to me for letter* of
acministraU :i with ihe vuii annexed on tne estate of Ann
Triplett, late of s id county, d-.cca..ed
'J lir.-x-are therefore to cite and admonish, all and singultr
the kindred and cr ditors f said deceased, to be and appear
afmyolfl wit-dn the tirn urea .-rtred by aw, to thow cause,
fan they ii.v.-;, why aud lette-n .-iiomd not be granted.
Given under my hand and official signature at office in
■Washington, this 23d day ot January. 1865.
I ,n27 4w5 G. O. NoKnvl AN. Ordinary.
LJ i ATE OF GEORGIA, OGLETHORPE COUNTY:
£9 Wh- was, G orge w. (.nnniagham aud Eliza be th O.
Flcsman appiii to me for letters oi administration on the e>*
tate of John s. Fieemth. late of eaid county, deceased.
These are tberef -re to cite and admonish all and singular the
kindred and triends of said deceased to be and apptar at my
officr-, within the time prescribed by law, to show cause, if any
they have, why said letters should not l«e granted.
Wi'nesi my hand and official signature, this 81st day. f
January, 1865. E. G. ciiAuKELFOKD,
feb2 4w<; Ordinary
C* TATE Os GEORGIA, OGLETHORPE GOUNTYT "
I*? Wnerea-, Holley D. Fieeman apphesto me tor lcttersol
adminiatralion e bonis n nup n the state of Thorns* r lee
man. late of sud county, dteeased.
These are therefore to cite and admonish all and singular
the kindred a. creditors oi' aid deceased to be and appear
at my office w. iiin the time p: - ribed by law to show aoH;
if any tliey have, why eaid letters should not be granted said
aP &-ltae* my hand and official -ignatiTre at offise in Lexing
to“eb26^6*°ay otJul s?yf Odinasy.
C TATE OF GKOR JIA, O JLEI of
H Whereas, Doiley ;VF. Fleeman, lata
administration upon tne oi
of bald county, ccceaacu. , admonisli, all and Bltigular
These are thennor j r-* ;i . : ~to be and appear at
the iiliidred ar i oread a---- law show
my office caul letters eiiould not be
cauee, if any if.ey haye, aay i- .
my hand and official «SnaUre this *lst day of
Jar.uaob l-'Jv. f. C. ORD. Ordinary.
hi)LXiiitn a gounty
S 1 et r o; T. .“W"***
fed. . rote to A1 'ru aU and singular t he
lhe=e a.eti. • - r _ j cle- -g .-J, to be apdappear at my
kindred aau ‘ *, r .scribed oy l-.vr.to show cause, if any
Oiflce V7l blit Ir l *'Via 4-1 AUininitfiiati n should not be
granUffi a to e Gcurgl- W. Gray. Clerk ot, 'superior Court, of said
county. hand and official signature at office,in
. thii 24:h day 01 January, 1865.
A bP“iii’w6 w. W. SHIELDS, Ordinary.
NT i ,nsindebted to the Estate of James L. Grlffla,
if -ot Columbia County, deceased, arc requested to make
immediate payment to the uuder*lxned, and tnoae having
eiaims wains: caid estate, will present them within Ul* time
presc iued by law, properly tttwtet}, *° .’gjgfegf
P W§W? * ’