Newspaper Page Text
•f hrfnud! & Sentinel
AUGUSTA, GA. **
'VKItKBWAI MOHM.X. O: TOBKII !►
,v:'b Steamship Company.— This is |
jauy foimed for the purpose of
auisbips between Charleston and
U and also to establish lines between,
nd other cilice.
any has two steamers on the linri
rluston and New Vork, at present—
}. Houder and the Moneka, Tlje
ring Charleston is every Thursday
f the steamers leaves regularly on
■otb there boats are new, they have
e accommodations and capacity for
machinery, also, is new and excel
r.re under the command of officers
distinguished by their courtesy and capacity os
seamen, and at present the lino supplies a Jo
s' leratmn, and if there were nothing more,
would lend greatly to aid us in the work of
progress upon which wo have entered in such
hearty earnest.
Nor should wo fail to montion, among its
merits, its estimable and ctiicient Charleston
agents. This office has been conferred on
-.th Willis & Chisolm —young men of Char
leston, both active—prompt, enterprising and
singularly fitted by their kind and obliging
manners to advance the popularity and insure
the success of an enterprise committed to their
cat*. The line, therefore, is at present, of
consideration and importance. But it is intend
ed still furlhor to extend it ; two more first
class, side wheel steamers are expected to be
added. The lists for subscriptions are now
open at the ottico of the agents above men
tioned, and it is reasonably certain that enough
will bo subscribed to make the extensior.
Teat additional lubs’cription will, of course, bo
taken, Lut at the other end of the line, while
it is desirable a portion of the stock should be
held in the South ; and it is the effort of the
agents to induce subscription and accomplish
that object, which we truly hopo they may
accomplish, as it is much to bo desired that a
portion of the wealth which flows from such
enterpiires so übundantly upon other people,
should liow, in at least a feeble stream,
on our section of the country. Aside
irorn the convenience of this line, it is
still more important at the present time. There
is no doubt of the extraordinary inducements
hold out to emigration by the land of the
Smith. California, in tho days when men went
mad about her, and walked on foot (o the
Rocky Mountains to embrace her, never offered
au average of as much to the hand of hardy
labor, as do the l ice and cotton lands of this
portion ol the Union ; and if men did walk
across the Rocky Mountains and did incur the
severities, contingencies and constant disap
pointment of a miner’s life for the gold thero
offered, it is morally certain they will come in
equal it not greater numbers to the more
abundant treasure* offered hero. Tho climate,
society, and state of improvements invito
them ; and, that they may come, we want our
lines oi ocean iutoreouso. Every new one adds,
not only to our capacity for transportation, but
gives an impetus to the movement thnt must
soon set in , and our friends, therefore, in tho
new enterprise, have even higher claims upon
us than those consisting in the individual con
venience this enterprise presents.
Tub'Tobacoo Chop. —The St' Cj|uis Demo
crat in referring to tho tobacco crop this year,
stales that the transactions in tobacco in that
market the present and past yea»s have never
boon equalled ; and notwithstanding .the heavy
rtfteipts and sales of the season, the supply
and demand co liuue largo and active. States
that heretofore { aid but little attention to the
cultivation of tiiis article ; have introduced it
into the variety of agricultural products, and
at the remunerative rates that rule, they will
tile !y cou'.iune the production, and finally,
perhaps, rank it among their staples. In
Maiuc, Rhode Island, Ohio, Michigan, Missouri
Minnesota, and. West Virginia, the plantiug
this year, avoiages more than a tenth above
that of last ; in Nesv Hampshire, it is the same
in Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Now
York, Maryland, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois,
Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, lowa, Kansas, and
Nebraska, the planting is reportod at from
one-tenth to ouo and a half tenths less The
difference in tho planting between the two
years, taking the whole country throughout,
shows against the presout year a little less than
one tenth of a decrease. The excessive rains
of lliespriug and summer, however, materially
damaged the crop.
It has beou proved that the soil of the coun
try generally, is adapted to its culture, that ne
gro labor is not altogether a requisite for its
production, and that a quick and paying mar
ket awaits it everywhere. In another season
or two Virginia, Tennessee, Maryland, Mis
souri, and Kentucky will yield their former
supplies, and these, with the yield of other
sections, now successfully experimenting with
the product, will give tobacco a prominent po
sition iu the statistics of the country.
Monroe Doctrine.— Tho New York cor
respondent of the London Herald, records a
conversation reported to havo taken place be
tween the President and a gentleman who
called upon him, iu leferonce to the Monroe
doctrine. The remarks of tho President, as
given by this writer, may be true in point of
actual utterance or not; but there is,reason to
beiieve. however, that may be, they really rep
resent the opinions entertained by Mr. Johnson.
Tho following are the observations of the
President, as given :
My mission is the Union 1 feel that if I can,
within my term of office, restore all the States
to their former relations with each other and
with tho Union, and can bring about as well a
harmonious, if not an absolutely fraternal
fooling between North and South, I shall have
merited the applause of couutrymen. and
earned an honorable place ill history. To the
restoration of the Union—in spirit as well as
in fact,—l shall bend all my energies. I shall
permit no foreigu question to interfere with
the full development of my scheme for such
restoration. I have enough to do without de
voting attention to other matters. The Mon
roe doctrine is all right. I believe in it. But
there are greater principles at stave than those
involved iu that'question. When the Union is
rt stored it will be time for talking nbout
foreign aggressions on this continent. I shall
do all 1 can to make the Southern people
happy, and to palliate the bitterness of their
defeat."
Ti are noble and patriotic fsentimeuts
wortbv of an American statesmen trained in
the old school) ttud thoroughly imbned with
the spirit of nationality, lq the face of such
utterances, fanatics and sectioualisls must stand
abashed, and under the guidance of such a
chief magistrate our countrj niay hope to re
enter the path of greatness, prosperity aud
true national unity.
Cotton Crop in Mississippi .—The coming cot
ton t rop iu Mississippi is reported to be a
complete failure.
•' DUTY OF THE HOT It.
The eof the past feur years of trial
and ->t te-en witliout its usee.
I* South o lesson, the
, he computed by the
o u*. 'd we are not the
ueople of the
-co u. *> i mia, will
awi, ’ream,
. * u ris
l
rMSf*
-
WOUIT * ; '
vig° r tejpT
power, j
which tid
ed, and , Ve
have palpf™ 7g
s
like men w* D t>
our lost advantages, and g
in a more peaceful sfrugg’ ,U*
It is madness to expect . v ,io 'asperities
created by four years civil warfare caa be
softened at a word. The winds which lashed
the sea into raging fmy have lulled, 4 but it
will take timo to smooth the waters and re
store the full serenity of the past. Vast changes
have taken pi aco In the social system of tho
South; great losses havo been sustained in
property ; fortunes havo vanished into thin
air. Tho history of no country in tho world
presents a parallel to ours. We dazzled the
•yes of Christendom by our prosperity ; we
astonished the nations of tlio earth by our
growth and the development of our iumimeiable
resources. We excited their wonder at our
peaceful progress; they stood aghast at the
magnitude of our warfare. I! we have learned
a lesson ourselves, we have taught them one
too.
Tbo brilliant rays of the sun beam upon us
again. We are again one people in name—
time will re-unito us in affection. It is idle to
to prate of rivers of blood, undying haired, and
all the other clap-trap of tho political pander.
Tho intercourse of section with section, and
tho powerful agency of commerce, will eroTong
accomplish tho work of re union, rmil restore
the relations which nice happily existed be
tween all potions of tho country. Until then
possessing our souls with patience, let us wait.
The intelligence of the American people will
extricate them from the difficulties and dan
gers of their position. But there is work for
every intelligent man to do. Comprehending
tho condition of affaire, it is his duty to aid in
tho ro-establishment of Older by every means
in bis power ; and to labor with hand and
tongue and pen in the cause of peace, and
truth and Justice. It is not for him to give
way to despondency, for he knows the impor
tance of energy, and that only by unbending
resolution has any really grand result been
achieved. He must take care of the ignorant,
for they are incapable of taking care of them
selves. I T must continually act as a stern
monitor, warning of the obstacles in tho path
ol liberty and pointing to the future laden with
honors Thus will bo wreathe his own brow
with a glory more resplendent than that won
by the conqueror’s sword.
Upon the press lies tho great burden of the
future. It is that which is all powerful for
good or for evil. To its conductors is commit
ted a great charge. They possess the magi
cian’s ward. The pulpit aud the hustings have
their influence, individual members of society
in quiet circles aid iu the formation of opinion,
but the power of the press is felt everywhere.
It is of the highest importance, then, that those
who oontrol it should possess the ■ requisite
knowledge to enablo them to guide their coun
trymen into the paths of peace and security ;
that they should pour oil upon the troubled
waters and cover the evidences of strife and
bitterness with the mantle oi charity.
The result of the war has completely estab
lished one great fact iu the history of the Un
ion. The permanency of our Government has
often been questioned, and whether the bond
of cohesion was sufficiently strong to withstand
the shock of an internal strife There can no
longer remain any doubt iu reflecting minds.
For us and our posterity there will be but one
country and one flag. Uolitcal parties will
arise and flourish as they have risen and flour
ished before, but the decision of .thuc differ
ences will be lett to the ballot instead of tho
bullet.
Lot us then come up to tho work of regen
eration before us with an earnest resolution to
do our whole duty. The past cannot be un
done, but tbe future is ours. That which has
seemed the greatest calamity that could befall
a nation may iu the end turn out the most in
estimable blessing that could have descended
upon a free and united people.
Difficulties in the way of the Russian-
American Telegraphic.— Tho main difficulties
in the way of the Russiau-Ameiican telegraphic
project are not in tho submarine part of the
work, but in laying the wires through tho Rus
sian possessions on tho northwest coast of
America, which as yet are almost unexplored,
and then in continuing the line across the
wilds of northeastern Siberia, where the cli
mate is the most inhospitable in the world,
aud which, besides, are inhabited by tho fierco
and warlike tribe of tho Tehooktchi, who havo
never yet ackaoweldged the sway of Russia.
More than a hundred years ago an expedi
tion was sent against them, which perished in
the snows of the Arctic regions, and since then
they have been left in unmolested t’njoyment
ol their savage independence, the only point
occupied by Russia in their country, being tho
little ostrog of Anadyr. Their language is ex
tremely curious. It consists of unpronouncea
bio conglomerations of cousonants, such as krl,
tchl, khehl, aud is completely unintelligible to
their neighbors on either side of Behring
Straits, Ot late years, however, these strange
people have shewa a disposition to enter into
commercial intercourse with the Russian
traders, and to attend the fairs at Ostroveno,
on the Kolyma, where they exchange whale
bone, sealskins and furs for kettles, woolen
cloths, an 1 especially for tobaoeo, of which
they are passionately fond. It is not impossi
ble, therefore, that if their confidence were
gained by kind treatment and a liberal distri
bution of presents, they might be induced to
allow tbs line to run through their country,
and have stations established at proper inter
vals for its protection. It is to be hoped that
such will be the case.
Cuamp Ferguson Sentenced. — By General
Orders from the Headquarters of the military
district of Middle Tennessee, the sentence cf
death hag been pronounced in tbe case of
Champ Ferguson. Thesenteuce will be cairied
into effect ou tbo 20th day of October, 1865, at
Nashville.
The National Debt.— Judging from tbq
public spirit exhibited by tho capitalists es the
country thus far, the Secretary of the Treasury
thinks be will be able to put all the public
debt at five per cent per annum after 1868,
except the six per cent, which mature in 1881
and 1882. On the Ist of August the debt be
came stationary, and in the month of Septem
ber it was reduce-* twelve million and a half,
and the annual interest was reduced half a
million It is believed by those who bes*
’"retand the subject, that tho liue haw
; 'and is now ebbing rapidly. Th<*
Apartment Printing Bureau is bud
preparing tho various forms
v; conversion ot the interest
.rl .. 'to 5-20 bonds, under the
'sement. The engrav
ut • 'dates for printing,
•l i.
’a ta, jer enormous debt
v* a 'f jple of the United
State. j be able to provide fGv
and takt • f i ebt much smaller than
that of Eng. .and with theree times the re
sources to rely pon.
Opinions of the President.—l a his letter to
Gov. Sharkley,President Johnson says :
'•The people (of tho Southern State.-) must
be trusted with their own government; and if
trusted, my opinion is that they will act in
good laith, and restore their former constitu
tional relations with all the States composing
the Union.
And in his speech to the delegation lrom
the Southern States ho said :
“While I dreaded and feared disintegration
of the States, I am equally opposed to consoli
dation or concentration of power "hero-(at
Washington) under whatever guise or name.
Opinions like these, at this time, are bright
sunbeams upon tho future of the South. They
should induce every resident of this portion
of the Union to give a hearty, undivided sup
port to President Johnson and the policy he
has adopted. Not only his words, but Iris
deeds prove him to boa true friend in time of
need. What more can be desired or asked
for. Upon whatever point ’we may be divided
hereafter, lot us be united in upholding the
present incumbent ot the Presidential chair at
Washington.
President Johnson Sustained by hik Su
preme Court. —Judge Nelson, of the Supremo
Court, in the case of “Tho Circassian,’’ clearly
defined the theory of President Johnson, and
admitted it to bo the law of the land. Chief
Justice Chase concurred in this opinion. This
decision was reported before the surrender of
thß Confederate armies, and uses the following
language :
The capture was but the restoration of tlio
ancient possession," authority and laws of tho
country, the continuance and permanency of
which, so far as tbe right is involved, depend
not on conquest, nor on tbe success or vicis
situdes of armies,but upon tho Constitution of
the United States which extended over every
portion of the Union, and is tbe supremo law
of the land.
The conquest of territory within the Slates
where the laws of the United States havo been
suspended, by reason of armed resistance of
tho citizens, is but tbe restoration of tho an -
cient possession, authority aud laws of the
country ; tho continuance and permanence of
which depends not upon conquest, hut upon
he Constitution of the United States.
A Step in the Right Direction.—A citizen
of South Carolina, largely identified with
agricultural and mechauical pursuits, has
caused to bo inserted iu two or more Maine
papers an advertisement calling for white
laborers to come to that State and place them
selves In his employ! He has had the satis
faction of receiving communications from
several parties in which they express their in
tention to take early passage to that city for
the purpose of seeking labor. The advertiser
has a large tract of land which he offers for
cultivation on most enticing terms, besides
which he has timber to fell and saw mills to
keep in operation. The new comers, we will
venture to say, will not regret settling in the
South. They will also find that their services
will not only be appreciated by their employers
but will yield a handsome remuneration to
themselves.
Liverpool Cotton News. — A letter received
in Charleston throws some light upon the late
cotton movement in England. Mr. Payne, the
agent of Ahe Southern Export and Import Com
pany writes from Liverpool that the English had
been'estimating the old crop on hand at 3,000,-
000 bales , that their estimate bad finally fallen
t 04,000,000, which is still thought, by most
persons in the South, to be much above the
mark. They also calculated tho growing crop
at 1,500,000 bales. The late news which had
reached Liveipool from this Bide, giving some
thing like a truthful idea of the limited amount
of the staple in this countiy, had caused tbo
late rise.
A New Work from an Able Writer.— About
the beginning of the war, Hon. Henry W
Hilliard,M. C., of this city, had ready for the
press a work to be entitled, “lie Yane,’’ which
was captured at Nashville upon the fall of
that city. Mr. Hilliard, after great, trouble,
succeeded in finding the MSS., and during a re
cent visit toNew, York placed them iu the hands
of Messrs. Blelock & Cos., tho well known pub
lisher, 19 Bleekman street, who will issue the
book at an early day. It is said by jucfges,
who have examined the work, to be oue of the
most chaste and fascinating novels presented to
the Amorican public for a long series of years.
Tax on Sales. —The Commissioner of Inter
nal Revenue, says the New York Post, onco
decided that wholesale dealers who made sales
through a broker were not required to pay a
tax on tho same. This decision has now been
revoked by Commissioner Wm. T. Orton, and
the assessors are calling for a return in accord
ance with the new requisition. The following
is tbe official notice now sent from the Asses
sor’s office in this district :
United States Internal Revenue,
1 dirty second District, New York.
Dear Sir : The Commissioner of Internal
Revenue has, after a careful revision, revoked
the former decision exempting wholesale deal
ers from license tax on sales made through
brokers or auctioneers.
Hereafter dealers will conclude in their
statements of sales, all Bales made for them by
auctioneers or brokers
Gov. Holden’s Message.—Gcv. Holden in his
message to the North Carolina Covention, de
clares that the only change made by the war
in the status of the Slate is the abolition of
slavery, and he warmly commends the Presi
dent’s policy of reconstruction. He takes it
for grauted that the Constitution will be
amended so as to ferever pohibit slavery iu the
State, and that the Convention will submit its
action to the people of the State for ratifica
tion or rejection at the ballot box.
Tns GebbrnatioriAL Uo>’ir»t in Alabama.—
The contest in Alabama, which tei mlnates on
the first Monday of November, promises to be
an exciting one, as the number of candidates
will be large.
Toe Yancev and Hill Difficulty. —The
Richmond Times corrects the statements
which have been published in regard to tbe
difficulties which occurred in the Richmond
Senate between Messrs. Yancey’and Hill.S;*A
rencounter did take place between the two.
Yancey had opposed the conscript bill of 1862
as unconstitutional, but defended that of 1863,
saying that he had been mistaken in his op
position. Hill replied, taunting him with in
consistency. Mr. Yancey, throwing into his
manner and tone an expression of the most
concentrated rage, digust and contempt, utter
ed the monsvllable, “Pieht!’’ Afterja brief se
cret session, the Senate adjourned. As Mr.
Yancey passed Mr. Hill’s seat, on tho way to
the door, an angry word or two were ex
changed, c and Mr. Yancey received a severe
blow on the left cheek, which, however, did
not knock him down. Senators interposed
and separated the combatants. The matter
was kept quiet, and few persons in the city,
except tho members and officers of the Senate,
ever heard of the occurrence. Immediately
after the adjournment of the Senate the jour
nal cleik called on the reporters of the city
newspapers, and prevailed upon them to sup
press the debate. Three days afterward Mr
Yancey appeared in his seat with a discolored
eye, but iu otl er respects looking in his usual
health. A month later, Yancey, then in excel
lent physical condition, rose in his seat aud
replied to Hill’s gspeech in a speech two
hours long, full of cold but sharp sarcasm.
This, the Times says, ended the affair,
The Union Pacific Telegraph.— Unt'd re
cently, the officers and omployees of the Un
ion Pacific Telegraph have by patient dealing
and much feeding, mauaged to escape tho en
mity of the Indians, who had iu many cases
burned houses within a few yards of the tele
graph stations or poles, yet passed them un
hurt* Now their warlike fury turns upon all
that bears tbe - mark of civilized white men
and the telegraph is kept open with difficulty.
Over sixty miles of wire, and 3,500 posts havo
.been required within a few weeks to repair
their devastations, and with the withdrawal of
troops at the coming of winter, tho company
contemplate abandoning about one hundred
miles of the most exposed portion just this
side of South Pass.
The War In South America.— Further de
tails have been received respiting the war in
South America. The Paraguayans were active
ly pushing forward, while their opponents,
the allied forces, re mained motionless, but
concentrated, at Concordia, waiving the at
tack. The Brazilian fleet on the Parama liver
had commenced a retrogaile movement, fear
ing that the Paraguayaas would construct bat
teries below, so as to gain command of tho riv
er. The magnitude which this strugglo is as
- may bo estimated from the fact that at
the date of our latest, advices, there wero
113,000 men under arms, of whom 50,000
were Paraguayans and 57,00(7 allies.
For Savannah—The People’s Line. —The
new and favorite steamer Helen has been
fitted, up with superior saloon accommoda
tions. This will add greatly to the conve
nience and comfort of thej.passengers, dining
che winter months. She will commence run
nin g her regular trips at once, and will leave
for Savannah on Wednesday morning at six
o’cl nek precisely.
T’he steamers which run on this lino, connect
regi daily with tbe steamers which run between
Sav inuah and New Yoik. Freights are taken
at low rates ; aud are also insured at low rates
on account of tho steamers burning coal in
steid of wood.
The Death of Hon. W. L. Yancey. —An ar
ticle has been going the rounds of tho sensa
tional press purporting to givo an account of
a collision in the Richmond Senate bofcween
Hon. Wm. L. Yancey, of Ala., and lion. B. 11.
Hill, of Ga., in which it was alleged the form
er r eceived such Injuries as to eventually cause
his death. Mr. Hill, in a letter concerning tho
matter, says the account referred to above, is
“most grossly incorrect; and does injustice to
both Mr. Yancey and himself.” .
Good Citizens. — We learn that abftut two
miles from town ou the Savaunah Road, there
has, for some time, existed an impassable hole
clear across the road, causing parties to drive
around it. But two worthy citizens, F. R.
Shaw, Esq. and son, yesterday determined
that the road should be repaired, and taking
their carts and spades, went to work and fixed
it. They are an honor to any community,
and deservo not only the thanks of tho public,
but should be remunerated for their time and
trouble.
National Bank in Augusta.— We are au
thorized to say that our citizens have now
au opportunity of subscribing to the stock of
a National Bank in Augusta. Tho number of
shares to be taken by any ono person will be
limited- The subscription list will be opened
on Monday next at the Banking houso of the
Georgia Rail Road Company, and remain
open until Wednesday evening from 9 A.M.
to 2 P. M., each day.
The Coming Eclipse. —There will bo an
eclipse of the son on the 19th inst. Tho track
of the central eclipse begins in Washington
Territory, on Puget’s Sound', aud passes south
easterly through Montana, Idaho, Kansas,
Southern Missouri, Western Tennessee, and
diagonally through Georgia to Savannah, and
thence acroes the Atlantic and into Africa.
National Bank in Augusta. —We under
stand that a National Bank will soon ho es
tablished in this city. The designs for the bill
are already in the hands of the engraver, and
will in a little while be finished. m
An institution of this kind has long been
needed in our city, and we are pleased to
learn that we shall have one soon. There
is business enough here for several—but one
will answer until we can get more.
A Nut for Great Britain. —The State De
partment has authorized all claims of Ameri
can citizens, which have been incurred by the
depredations of the Alabama and Shenandoah,
and the Canadian raids, to be presented to a
Commission, which has been authorized to
settle all claims between the United States and
Great Britain. England has certainly a pretty
large bill ahead to settle.
Regular Line for Savannah.— Kein & Co's
regular line of steamers between this place and
avanuah will hereafter be composed ol the
two first class steamers Helen and Scorpio.—
Both these are new and handsomely fitted up
with the best of accommodations.
t;The proprietors of the line, Kein & Cos.
state that all goods consigned to them will be
forwarded to New York at once without delay.
The steamers are announced to Jleave reg
ularly hereafter every Wednesday and Satur
day
A National Batik has been chartered at At
lanta. Why not one at Augusta
A Great National Curiosity —The Sentinel
published at Jacksonville. Oregon, of Septem
ber 12th, says :
Several of our citizens returned last week
from a visit to the great Sunken situa
ted in Cascade Mountains, seventy-five miles
northeast from Jacksonville. This lake rivals
the famous valley of “Sinbad the Sailor.” It
is thought to average two thousand feet down
to the water all round. The walls are almost
perpendicular, running down into the water,
and leaving uo beach. . The depth of the wa
ter is uukuowu, aud its surface is smooth and
unruffled, as it lies so far below the surface of
the mountain that the air currerts do not af
fect it. Its length is estimated at twelve miles,
and its breadth at ten. There is au island in
its centre having trees upon it. No living
man ever has, and probably never will
be able to reach the water’s edge. It lies
still, silent aud mysterious in the bosom of the
“everlasting hills,’’ like a huge well, scooped
out ol the mountains in the unknown ages
gone by, and around it the primeval forests
watch aud ward are keeping. The visiting
party fired a rifie several times into the water,
at au angle of forty-live degrees, and were able
to note several seconds of time from the re
ort of tho gun until the ball struck the water,
he lake is eertaialy a most remarkable cu
esity.
Position of Gen. Slocum.— -Gen. Slocum
upon his arrival home, at Syracuse, New Yoik
was serenaded by tho citizens. In a speech he
clearly defined his position as follows":
Peace with all its gentle influences, has
again dawned upon our land. Already its ef
fect is felt in every city and at every fireside.
We have abundant reason to hopo that civil
law will soon prevail throughout the entire
country, and that the question as to the treat
ment of the States recently in armed opposi
tion to the Government will, under the wise
policy adopted by the President, be settled iu
a manner best calculated to promote true
interests of all classes of citizens in those
States. The time having come when I could
consistently leave the military service, 1 have
returned to civil life, with an earnest desire
to lend my influence in support of that policy.
Oil reaching home I find two parties—-one a
unit in supporting that policy and the other
divided iu regard to it. I leave it to you, my
fellow-citizens, to say, with what party I should,
as a supporter of President Johnson’s efforts,
have identified myself
Taxing Homesteads. —ln reference to inquiry
as to the right to tax homesteads under tbe
congressional statute, the general land office
has made reply to the following effect :
The act requires five years continuous actual
residonce ami cultivation from the date of en
try before the department can give a fee simple
title by patent. Should a party, after entry,
abandon, or otherwise not meet all the acquire
ments of the lav, bis claim be invalid
and void, and the laud would'Tall back into
the mass of the public domain. Then, again,
the 4th section of the statute declares that no
lands acquired under its provisions shall, in
any event, become liable to the satisfaction of
any debt or debts contracted pior to the issu
ing of the patent. Under these legal stipula
tions and conditions, whilst the fee-simple title
remains in the United States, it must be quite
apparent that- the taxing power cannot be
successfully exerted, in so far as taxing the
land is concerned, whatever may be the author
ity (on which no opinion has been expressed)
to tax improvements on the premises.
Gen. Grant’s Longest Speech. — la the
comes of his journey, in the West, General
Grant stopped for a day at his birth-place,
Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio. The peo
ple poured out from their houses to see him,
and he was constrained to make the iollowing
speech, the longest he was ever known to
deliver :
“Ladles and Gentlemen of Brown County. —
You are all aware that I am not iu the habit of
making speeches. lam glad that I never
learned to make speeches when I was young,
aud now, that lam old, I have no desire to
begin. 1 had rather start out iu anything else
than in makfng a speech. And now, ladies
and gentlem'en, I can only say to you that it
affords me very much pleasure to get back to
Brown county, where my boyhood was spent.”
The Alabama Papers on State Repudia
tion—The Mobile Register is severe upon the
late Convention of Alabama for repudiating
the Confederate war debt. It says :
“The effect of this ordinance will probably
bo to break every bank, insurance and other
moneyed and stock company, for it was into
these hauds that the pledges of the State.passed,
the innooent holders never dreaming that any
contingency could arise in which a responsi
ble sovereignty would annul its own obliga
tions.
From the Macon Telegraph.
BLIUiUILITY OF UKLEOVI'ES TO THE
STATE CONVENTION.
DR. C. L. RIDLEY TO GOV. JOHNSON.
October 5, 1865.
To His Excellency, James Johnson, Provisional
Governor of Georgia :
Dear Sir— l have been nominated, and
elected, a delegate to the approaching conven
tion. The disabilities growing out of the 13th
clause of the President’s proclamation, viz:
the twenty thousand dollar clauso, seem to be
the only impediment (if any ) to may taking a
seat in the convention, and if I am not eligible,
you will confer ou me, and the citizens of
Jones county, a favor, by advertising in due
time for anew election.
You have been advised that I have taken
the amnesty oath, have petitioned for pardon,
and that my petition was favorably received
and endorsed by yourself on the 16th ult. I
am unwilling that Jones county should be di
vested of a representative, in the event of my
eligibility, which I hope you will receive as au
apology for my addressing you ou this occa
sion. Direct a letter to me at Forsyth, Mon
roe county, as I live nearer to Forsyth than
Clinton, and very much oblige.
Yours respectfully,
Charles L. Ridley.
gov. Johnson’s response.
Executive Office, i
Provisional Government of Georgia, >
Milledgeville, Oct. 9th, 1865. )
Dr. C. L. Ridley :
Sjr :—On the 7th instant I addressed a let
ter to the Secretary of State of the United
States, advising him that iu the late election
for Delegates to the approaching Convention,
several counties had returned gentlemeu ex
cepted from amnesty, and requested of him
instructions as to their eligibility.
I also further stated that, so iar as known
to me, those selected were good and true men,
and that their services would be valuable to
the State. So soon as information is received,
I shall make it public, and in the meantime
shall use'my best efforts to have them made
or declared eligible.
Yours respectfully,
J. Johnson.
Provisional Governor of Georgia.
Twining Plants.— A greater number of
twiners revolve in a course opposed *to that
of (he sun, or to the bands of a watch, than iu
the reverse course, and, consequently, the ma
jority, as is well known, ascend their supports
from left to right. Occasionally, though rare
ly, plants of the same order twine in opposite
directions. At present no instasce is known
of two species of the same genius twining in
opposite directions, and this is a singular fact,
because different individuals of the bitter
sweet (solanum dulcamara) revolve and twine
in both'direetions ; this plant, however, is a
feeble twiner. *
A .novel reminder. — me New Bedford
& Taunton Railroad have an'arrangement for
preventing 'hrakemen being knocked off the
top3 of the cars by bridges while riding back
ward. About thirty rods distant from every
bridge crossing ia a bar just twenty feet
above the track, from which a number of
laths or similar small strips of wood are sus
pended bv short cords, hanging within three
or four feet of the car roofs. Persons standing
on the ears cannot pass these sticks without
striking some cf them, and their attention is
thus called to the fact that they are rapidly
approaehiDg a bridge.
Summary pk the South Carolina Constitu
tion. —Annexed is a summary of the leading .
provisions of the South Carolina Constitution .
The representation is placed as heretofore,
upon the joint basis of the amount ot all taxes
raised, whether direct or indirect, and on the
number of white people iu each election dis
trict. This change, however, is made, that
whereas, all banks iu the State, except those
in cities, were assessed, under the old system,
according to a fixed, unequal and arbitrary
estimate, now the taxes will be laid accord
ing to the actual value of the property.
Oue Senator is assigned to each judicial dis
trict, except in the judicial district of Char
leston, which consitutes, under the present
arrangement, two electiou districts. Ihe city,
composed of the late Parishes of St. Phillips
and St Michaels, forms one election district
with two Senators, and the former Parishes of
Christ gChurcli, St Johns,- Berkely, St James,
Goose Creek, St Thomas aud St Denis, St James
Saute, and St Johns Cott.ou constitutes another
election district under the name of the Elec
tion District of Berkeley, and are entitled to
one Senator iu the place ot the eight they
were accustomed to when distinct election dis
tricts.
The House of Representatives remams the
same, with the proviso that no one election
district shall be assigned more than twelve
Representatives. The quota of Charleston
heretofore was twenty. In other respects the
provisions on this subject are substantially the
same. The viva voce vote lias been substituted
in.the General Assembly for the suffrage by
ballot. The office of Governor, which has, iu
a measure, been uomiual in its character, is
invested with greater power. The term is ex
tended to four years ; he is to be elected by the
people, and in case of au inequality of votes,
he is then to be chosen by tbe General Assem
bly. The pardoning power is committed to
his exercise, hut with the safeguard that he is
to report to tbe Legislature all' cases of
amnesty which Lave been gi anted by him,
with a full statement of his reasons therefor.
In order to prevent hasty legislation, the ve
to power is vested in him, subject to bo over
ruled by a majority of both branches of the
General Assembly. Tho Lieutenant-Govern
or, also olected bv the people, becomes, by
virtue of his office, the President of the Senate,
and succeeds to the chair of State in case of a
vacancy. Ihe law is to bo administered by
superior and inferior courts, directed and es
tablished by tho Legislature. The Judges of
the superior to he elected by them for the
term of good behavior. Those of iuferior courts
for four years—one of the latter to bo loca
ted in each judicial district, and to be especailly
entrusted with the dial of all civil cases wherein
one or both of the parties are persons of color,
aud of all criminal cases wherein the accused is
a person of color. The freehold qualification
for a seat in the Senate or House of Represen
tatives is dispensed with.
The qualifications for suffrage are tbe same
as before, with an exception made in favor of
emigrants from Europe, who, in lieu of the
provision of two years’ previous citizenship,
must have declared their intention to become
citizens of the United States, acccording to the
Constitution and laws of the same. No estate
is made requisite. The Treasurers of the up
per and lower divisions are united into oue,
whose office will be at Columbia. The clause
relative to voluntary servitude, asserts, first,
that the slaves have beeD emancipated by the
action of the United States authorities ; and,
secondly, except as a punishment for crime up
on conviction, it shall nevei be re-established.
The election will take place on the 18th of
October, being tbe third Wednesday in the
month.
The Tori Packing Prospect. —Tbo Louis
ville Price Current makes the annexed re
marks on the coming pork packing prospeefe
in the West:
Tho hog crop, as the pork packing season
approaches, attracts attention, and the opening
or ruling price of hogs for slaughter is asked.
As far as our observations extend, the packers
iu this section have, as yet, made no offers,
have uo stated price, anil of course have made
uo contracts. Farmers and drivers have high
expectations, assuming that the crop here and
throughout the West will be short. In St.
Louis a few contracts, have been reported for
early delivery, and the first packing at 10c
gross. The views of buyers at all the leading
points are of course below these figures, and
no contracts could be made at that rate.
Iu Missouri tho crop is considered to be
short, but we learu that late feeding and an
abundance of corn will make the product
come nearly up to a fair average in weight of
pork aud lard. Ia lowa and Wisconsin the
yeild is said to promise fair, and in Illinois a
full average in number with an excess in
weight. In our own State, Kentucky, and In
diana and Ohio, the present information cal
culates a short yield iu the number of hogs for
slaughter, but a very material increase iu the
weight, as compared with last season. The
great surplus of corn and much feeding will
result iu a much heavier product of pork and
lard than was anticipated some time ago.
Packers and buyers are quietly awaiting the
approaching season, evincing no disposition to
contract, and we can hear of no reliable offers
at any price. The pork packing here this sea
son is expected to be heavier than usual, as in
creased facilities have been made, with an
accession of dealers. The city packers will be
prepared to slaughter and pack as many hogs
as at any previous period. In Chicago we hear
that a few sales of hogs for fall packing have
been made at 11 a 12c gross.
A Startling Feat. —A few days ago, Harry
Leslie, the funambulist, performed a number of
blood-curdling exploits in connection with a
- ascension of Prof. Lowe, from Central
Park, New York. When the balloon was over
a thousand feet high, two ropes were droped
out, and Leslie threw himself from tbe car,
catching one of the ropes iu his fall. His first
feat was hanging by one hand, when he
changed his position and hung by his feet for
some time. Scrambling up the rope, he next
placed the loop under baric of his neck, and
there, swaying backwards and forwards, he re
mained for some time. His next feat was sus
pending himself by the chin, and this time, he
could not have been less than half a mile high.
In this position lie dangled in the air,
till finally, when in the neighborhood ot
High Bridge, he struck au attitude, plac
ing his head in one loop and his feet in the
other, and in this horizontal position allowed
himself to be toyed with by the winds. At
this point, Lowe insisted upon his returning
to the car, and he did. so.
Cure for a Burn. —The best thing for a
burn is the following, and every family ought
to know it : As soon ag possible after the
burn thrown little green tea in hot water ; let
it steep. Stir an Indian meal poultice. Spread
the tea leaves on the poultice, put it on the
burn, or scald, whatever it may be. If burnt
with powder it will take it out and the skin
will be as clear as ever.
Saleratus by the Acre.— Fitz Hugh Lud
low, in his overland trip to California, found
between Utah and the Humboldt mountains a
large desert composed, as he says of “sand of
snowy alkali,” He describes it as one of the
most dismal and forboding spots that was <
ever traversed by the feet of mm; but, in view
of the extension through it of the Atlantic and
Pacific railroad, he suggests an interesting
possibility as to its future use. He says : “In
its crudest state the alkaline earth of the desert
is sufficiently pure to make violent efferves
ence with acids. No elaborate process is re
quired to turn it into commercial soda and.
potash.
•Marble in Tehcma County, Cal.— About
one mile from Silverthorn’s Bridge, which
crosses McLoud river, towers to the clouds a
mountain, white as if clad in the livery of a
ghost, at the foot of which is located Lee &
De Long’s marble quarry, from which they
take both white, and clouded marble, of as fine
quality as that imported from the Green Moun
tain State.. The whole mountain appears to be
one vast pile of marble, of quantity sufficient
to supply the world. It receives a finish as
fine and smooth as glass, or like a polished
mirror. The great and remarkable cave, one
room of which is 100 feet in length by forty
feet in breadth and seventy feet high, is near
this marble quarry. The quarry and cave are
only some five miles from Copper City —tali'
fornia Farmer.
OCTOBER.
Solemn, yet beautiful to view,
Month of my heart, thou dawnest hero
With sear and faded leav.s to strew
The Summer’s melancholy t ier ;
The moaning of thy winds I hear,
As the red sunset dies afar,
And bars of purple cloud appear,
Obscuring every western star,-
Thou eolemu mouth ! I hear thy voice,
It tells my soul of other days,
When but to live was to rejoice,
When earth was lovely to my gazi.
O, visions bright! O, blessed hours ;
Where are those living raptures now ?
I ask my spirit’s wearied powers,
I ask my pale and fevered brow,
Alas! for Time, and Death, and Care,
What gloom about our way they flinc.
Like clouds in Autumn’s gustv air,
The burial pageant of the Spring.
The dreams that each succeeding year,
Seemed bathed in hues of living pride,
At last, like weathered loaves, appear.
And sleep iu darkness, side by side
STATIC ITEMS.
City courts have been organized in Macon.
We regret to learn that tho rice ciop of (loor
gia this year, will bo almost an entire failure.
On tbe Ogeechee and Altamaha rivers the us
ual crop, before the war was about 600,000
bushels ; this year it will not be over 10,000
or 12,000 bushels. Ou tho Savannah, before
the war, the usual crop was 800,000 bushels ;
this year it will be about 10,000 —not enough
to feed those who made it six months.
JuJgc W. G. Swane, late Attorney General
of Teunesse, has selected Columbus, for his
future home.
The Milledgeville Union says tho State
House is being put in complete repair, and that
the convention will find the Representative
chamber as comfortable as they could desire.
Fulton county court, Judge Bingham presi
ding, is iu session in Atlanta.
The Earthquake at San Francisco.- A dis
patch from San Farncisco gives the annexed
account of the late earthquake in Califonia :
The damage by tho earthquake Oct. 8, amounts
to considerable in tho aggregate. Many houses
needing patching and new plastering and re
paring. The windows of the City Hall and
the front wall are damaged to such an extent
that a portion must be rebuilt, at a cost of
several thousand dollars The old Merchant’s
■ cchange building, opposite the Custom House,
will probably require rebuilding. No really
substantial aud well constructed buildings were
seriously damaged.
Santa Cruz felt the shock more generally
than any other place. Several brick buildings
are so badiy damaged that partial reconstruc
tion is necessary. A dispatch from thero says*
there was a general tumble down of chimneys,
aud those now standing are turned partially
around. The motion war apparently irom
east to west. The ground along tho rivet
opened in tisures aud spouted water like Gey
sers. The people are unable to use some of
tbe wells, which are either dry or tilled up with
sand. Tbo chimney at the Powder Mill was
thrown down, and other injury done to the
works Porlions of the wall of tho now Hotel
was thrown down, but the foundation is all
right. The smash iu drug stores is great, as
also in other stores. Some very narrow cs
capes from falling cliimnies are mentioned.
The tide rose very high at the time of the
shock and tell very low immediately alter
There have been eleven distinct shocks felt
since the Ist.
Up to five o’clock, October 9, there was a
number of smaller visitations. The loss (his
morning is estimased at about SIO,OOO, but
may exceed that amount.
A Remarkable Tree. —The Paris Moniteurt
in giving an account of the Emperor’s vecen,
visit to the Jardin and Acclimation at Algiers
stated ibat he was much struck with the rapid
growth of the Eucaclyplus Resinifere, or Aus
traliau tree, which has attained a height ot
thirty feet aud a diamoter of six inehs iu two
years. This remarkable tree, in its native
soil, Australia, sometimes reaches the height
of 340 feet, and has been found more than
nineteen feet iu diameter at about a yard from
the ground. Itoften yields planks 200 feet
long, without a single defect. The wood, not
withstanding its rapid growth, is very hard
and heavy. It also presents beautiful colors,
and is consequently well adapted for cabinet
work. An astriugent gum, known in com
merce as kino, is obtained by making incisions
into its bark. The Eucaclyptus is au ever
green f its leaves have nearly the same shape
as the laurel. The development of its lateral
branches are no less wonderful than its stems.
They are small until the trunk attains the
height of about one hundred feet, wheu they
shoot out almost horizontally, sometrimoe to the
length of ninety feet, giving the tree the ap
pearance of an enormous umbrella. Tho seed,
strange to say, is very small, end not unlike
that of tho tobacco plant. Tho flowers are
white, of a most agreeable smell, and much
liked by bees, which extract from them a most
delicious honey. It is also remarked in Aus
tralia that the ague is almost unknown in dis
tricts where this tree is abundant.
An Exciting Race—Men Running Against
Horses. —There'was an exciting and novel race
at the Point Breeze Park, Philadelphia, re
cently. Three horses and twj Indians, were
entered for a contest? of speed/* The Indians
were named Lightfoot and Stephens, and the
nags were called Raid, Jenny Lind, and - Clip
per. The struggle was for a purse of $2,000.
A great crowd was attracted to tho'park by the
novelty of the race, and betting was heavy,
both men and horses having their friends aud
backers. Tho arrangements were that the Iu
dians were to run two aud a quarter miles
against a four mile trot on the part of tbe quad
rupeds. The quadrupeds were too fleet for tbe
bipeds, tho time made by each being as (bl
ows :
Indians—ll minutes, 54 seconds.
Horses—lo minutes, 33 seconds.
The race was most exciting, and considera
bio money changed bands on the rrault.
Saw Mills in Michigan. —The number oi
saw mills returned in Michigan last May was
1,073, being an addition of 151 since 1854 ,
Saw-mills operated by water-power have de
creased 95 in number in the last decemiurn
while steam saw-mills have nearly doubled in
number. The number of feet of lumber sawed
the past year, as returned by 194 mills, is 621,
478,904, being 58 2 per cent, more than in
1854. Giving to 98 saw-miils making uo re
turns, tbe average amount sawed by those
which were returned in May 1864. tho pro
duction of Michigan lumber in 1864 world be
684,646,636 feet, or iu round numbers 700,000.-
000 feet. But this is short of the real quanti
ty. Nearly half of the 99 mills not returning
the number of feet sawed are located at the
pineries, having gangs of saws and manufac
turing and shipping annually millions of feet-
Tho annual amount of lumber sawed in Mich
igan ia probably not less than 800,000,000 feet
A number of Fenian prisoners Lave been
brought before the police magistrates at Dub
lln. The Government counsel stated that
large sums of money had been received by
some of the prisoners from America. A letter
was intercepted in that day's mail containing
a large draft for one of them. Some of tbo
correspondence seized shows that designs of
the Fenians were of a most sanguinary char
acter, being extermination and assassination of
nobility, and the breaking out of a rebel
lion.
A Bottomless Lake . —A lake has recently
been discovered near the Eclipse claim, in the
Excelsior district—the latest discovery among
the tall peaks of the Sierra Nevada--which,
though but 400 feet in length by 200 in
breadth, has been sounded to the depth ol
700 feet without finding any bottom. It prob
ably occupies the crater of an extinct volcano.
A large number of quartz leads appear to ra
diate in every direction from this lake as a
centre, and quite a mining camp is growing up.
there.
Ihe cholera is niakiug alarming progress in
trance. The people are pouriDgout of Toulon
with all possible haste, in order to avoid tbe
epidemic. The railway stations are'crowded
with fugitives, an J th e Iroops are to be remw
Vom the town.