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Argument or the Hob. K. 0. (abuiDs In
tlie lane of ihanall) vs. liallcj cl al.
SPECIALLY REPORTED FOR TIIE CjiRONICt.E
k SENTINEL.
The suit in this case was brought on a
note made by the defendant to the plaintiff
for his serving as a substitute, in the place
of Bailey, in the army of the late Confede
rate States, in the war between said Con
federate States and the United States. At
the trial, defendant's counsel moved for a
non suit on the ground that the considera
tion of the note was illegal, and the con
tract tharefore void.
The Court sustained the motion and
awarded a non-suit, “because,” in the
words of the Court, “The consideration of
the note, as appeared on its face, was given
by the defendant to the plaintiff for his ser
vices in the army of the Confederate Gov
ernment, as a soldier, to fig >t or bear arms
against the Government of the United
States.”
To this decision of the Court, the plain
tiff excepted and now excepts, and says,
the Court committed error in granting the
non suit, on the ground of the illegality of ;
the consideration of the note.
Is the consideration of the note illegal i :
The defendants promised to pay the
plaintiff twenty-five hundred dollars. Ihe
consideration of the promise was that the
plaintiff substituted himself in the army of
the Confederate States in the place of
Bailey, one of the makers of the note, and
agreed' to render the service which was re
quired of Bailey. Iu other words, a burden
wan imposed upon Bailey by tbe authority
of the Confederate Government and a cer
tain duty required of him. The plaintiff
agreed to assume that burden and perform
that duty, and for so doing the defendant,
Bailey, agreed to pay him twenty five hun
dred dollars. Was it. illegal in tlie plaintiff
to agree to serve in the Confederate army
in tfie place of the defendant t It was cer
tainly not illegal according to the laws of
the Confederate Government then in force,
fur they expressly authorised the reception
of substitutes in the Confederate army.
Was it illegal to bear arms in the army
of the Confederate Suites against the op
posing armies of the United States ! If it
was illegal in the plaintiff, it was equally so
in the defendant. They were both in the
service t.y authority of law, and the law in
one ease was as valid as it was in the other.
The validity of the law—the one re
quiring military service of the defendant,
arid tin; other authorizing substitution in
his place—depend upon the authority of
tho Confederate Government to enact laws.
And this depends upon another question.
Did the States composing the late South
ern Confederacy rightfully separate them
selves from the Federal Union, and was
the Government formed by them a govern
ment <l<: jure ! Or was it merely a re
bellion against lawful authority?
These questions will be considered, not
with a view to the future for the purpose
of reviving a doctrine which is supposed
to be ox 'hided, but solely as legal ques
tions involving the rights and powers of the
States under tbe Union from which they
withdrew: and whatever references uray be
made will lie to legal writers of standard
authority, and not to the opinions of poli
ticians.
One preliminary remark, if the Court
please.
It is frequently said that the result of
the late war between the Southern Con
federacy and th ' United States has decided,
finally and forever, that a State has not the
right to withdraw from the Federal Union
and to absolve its citizens from the obliga
tion of obedienocto the Constitution of the
United States.
The defeat of tho Southern Confederacy
no more decided the withdrawal of the
Southern and slavcholdiog States from the
Federal Union to bo wrong, than did the
wat/er of battle,, in ancient times, decide
the merits of a cause submitted t> that
mode of trial.
When a cause was submitted to the
wager of battle, and the champions of the
parties were chosen and placed in the ring,
I he decision was usually in favor of the one
vlio had superior physical strength in
wielding the b&ion and target, or it some
times happened that the champion of one
party or the other pro red recreant to his
cause, and cried craven ; and insuchaca.se
liis cause was lost, and the recreant cham
pion was held forever infamous and dis
honored.
Tho cause of the Confederate States was
lost in tho same way. Tho numerical
strength of the opposing power achieved
the final victory, and it may be that the
recreancy of some of the champions of the
lost cause contributed not a little to defeat.
If the .States which formed tho late
Southern Confederacy did, in the exercise
of a power rightfully belonging to them,
withdraw from the other States, and form
a government for themselves, then the
laws enacted by tho Confederate Congress
were valid and binding until their validity
ceased upon submission to the superior
power of the United States.
The right of a State to withdraw from
Union into which she entered with the
other States, is not derived from the com
pact, or Constitution, by which th > Union
was formed, but is an iuhorent, inalienable
right belonging to every body politic or
political community to protect itself against
a dangerous infraction of the compact by
other parties to it.
It is one of tho inalienable rights asserted
by tho States in their Declaration of Inde
pendence on the 4th dav of duly, 1770,
and afterward successfully maintained and
established by force of arms. It is a
natural right existing independent of all
compacts, covenants or constitutions. If
it were possible for a State to divest itself
of this right, in doing so it would commit
political suicide.
The Constitution was the compact by
which the Union was formed. Who were
the parties to that compact ? Who ar
ranged and agreed upon tho terms of
Uuion? Not tho Federal Government,
for then that Government had no existence
—it was the result oi. tho compact which
was made, and was not a party to it. The
compact of government was made by the
States as distinct, separate, independent,
sovereign communities, or bodies politic.
In what capacity did the delegates go
into the t Imvention of 1787 which formed
the Constitution of tho United States ?
They represented sovereign, free and inde
pendent States, and met as delegates from
such States..
Previous to the adoption of the f on- i
stitution of the United States, the States
were united under “Articles of Confedera
tion and perpetual Union,” and the style
ofthe confederacy was the United States j
of America. And it was expressly de- ;
dared that “each State retained its j
sovereignty, freedom and independence, j
and every power, jurisdiction and right,
which was not, by the confederation, ex
pressly delegated to the United States in
Congress assembled.' —Art. 2nd.
It ts then a fact, which cannot be suc
cessfully denied, that, under the articles of
confederation, each State retained its
sovereignty, freedom and independence—
these were not surrendered either express
ly or by implication—but were retained,
and, in addition thereto, every power,
juris'’iotion and right not expressly dele
gated to the United States in Congress
assembled.
While the States were tnus sovereign,
free and independent, they met by their
accredited delegates in Convention, and
the result of their deliberations was, they
prepared a constitution, or compact of
government, not to dissolve the States, as
separate, distinct bodies politic, and merge
the people thereof into one body politic,
as an aggregate mass, but to make their
union, as States, mor - perfect, and to be
united, as States, they must necessarily
exist separately as such. *
They met as sovereign, independent
States, and could not have met otherwise,
because they did not exist in any other
capacity. In deciding questions by vote ia
the Convention, they voted, as States, one
State having as much power as uuother
without regard to population.
It is au iucident of sovereignty that one
sovereign State is the equal ot ano her,
and ot all others iu respect to political
powers and rights, however unequal they
may be in pot ulation.
It is ucqu -gionably true,that iu the g in
vention which prepared the Constitution
of the United States, the States met as
equals ami sovereigns—- they voted as
equals an! sovereigns—the delegates from
each Sta'e voted, as a State, and not per
capita, each State being entitled to cue
vote, and e-ist otto vote, without regard to
thenuutl j’' • » r,t r p •pulutdO,
and it was «h ' vutue ol t.'.etr sovereign
ty that the If, ati s tous exercised equal
power iu the Convention.
These are stubborn,.moontestable facts,
which cannot be successfully controverted,
however much the doctrine ol thesoveign
ty of the States may bo sneered at in these
degenerate days.
The Constitution was thus prepared by
a conven ion composed of delegates repre
senting sovereign States, and was submit
ted to the people of the several States, as
States, tor rat:li.-ation or rejection. It was
ratified by conventions in each State, com
posed of delegates chosen by the people
thereof, each State acting for itself, and
iu its sovereign capacity.
In these separate State Conventions
the States wore as sovereign, free and in
dependent, as they were iu the Convention
which formed the Constitution. \\ e have
seen that under the articles of Confedera
tion. each Stale retained its sovereignty,
freedom and independence—and, while
thus retaining their sovereignty, freedom
and independence, they entered the Con
veutiou as equals and sovereigns, aud
formed a Constitution to make the union
between themselves more perfect. Iu the
Conventions which they respectively held
to consider the question of the ratification
pit he Constitution, they were stijl eover
<’ign, free and independent, because no
process bad been resorted to, and no
cnangc bad been made by which the peo
ple of the several States h’d been amal
gamated into one aggregate mass. In
their separate State Convention they were
stiii under the Articles of Confederation.for
these were not superseded until the Con
stitution was ratified and adopted by tie
requisite number of States, and the gov
ernment put in operation—and under the
ArtJllcs of Confederation each State was
“sovereign, free and independent.
From these premises results the inevita
ble conclusion that the Constitution was a
compact made by sovereign States with
each other for their commoD government.
The parties to the compact were sover
eign States. He is a careless observer of
facts, and unmindful of the truth of histo
ry. who will assert the contrary.
How was the compact kept by the par
ties which made it t Has it been broken .
by whom and how ? and what,according to
law. was the remedy in the case ofltsin
'.-'"have seen how, and by what par
ties. tbe compact was made. In order to
determine whether it has been broken,
and in what particular, let us consider
what the contracting parties agreed should
be done.
In preparing a Constitution there were
many subjects—some of a local, and some
of a general character, which embarrassed
the deliberations of the Convention, but
none interrupted its harmony more than
the subject of slavery, which then existed
but partially, or scarcely at all in some of
the States, and to a considerable extent in !
others.
In the draft of a Constitution reported
by the Committee of detail, there were two
sections which gave the Convention much
trouble. These were that, “No tax or
duty should be laid by the Legislature on
articles exported from any State, nor on
the migration or importation of such per
sons as the several States should think
proper to admit, nor should such migration
or importation be prohibited.”
And the other was that, “No naviga
tion act nhould be passed without the as
sent of two thirds of the members present
in each house.”
These sections met a determined oppo
sition by the Northern and Eastern, which
were the free States. The first, because it
allowed the importation of slaves, and the
other because it might impede their navi
gating interests. These States then owned
almost the entire commercial marine, and
were very desirous to have navigation acts
passed discriminating in favor of their
bottoms, especially in the West India and
coasting trade, but could not hope to ob
tain them if the as-erit of two-thirds of
each House should be required. The
Southern States owned but few, if any
ships; they were tho agricultural Stares,
and produced the staples, and articles,
which constituted the freight for the car
rying trade. They were, consequently, in
favor of free navigation, and were appre
hensive that their interests would be disre
garded ih the enactment of navigation
laws, if no check to a bare majority should
be adopted.
The discussion upon the first of those
sections alluded to, showed a wide and
radical difference of views in the members
of the convention. It was asserted in de
bate, that two States, South Carolina and
Georzia, would never ratify the Constitu
tion if tho importation of slaves should
be prohibited. Delegates from other
States insisted as strongly that that power
should be vested in the common govern
ment to make tho prohibition.
It was, at length, agreed to refer these
two sections to a commirtee of one from
each State. Governeur Morris,from I’enn
sylvania,an able and influential member of
the Convention, saying at the time of the
reference, that “these things might form a
bargain between tho Northern and South
ern States.”
The report of the committee showed
that there was a bargain or compromise
between the Northern and Southern
States, and the bargain was agreed to by
the Convention and afterward ratified by
the States.
The committee considered the su’jects
referred and reported as follows :
“Strike out so much of the 4th Section
of the 7th Article as was referred to the
committee and insert
“The migration or importation of such
persons as the several States now existing
shall think proper to admit, shall not be
prohibited by the Legislature prior to the
year 1800, but a tax or duty may be im
posed on such migration or importation at
a rate not (Jxeeedtng the average of the
duties laid on imports.”
And that the oth Section, “requiring a
majority of two-thirds of each House pres
ent to pass a navigation act to be stricken
out. ”
This report was agreed to and immedi
ately thereupon, before any business inter
vened, it was moved and seconded to agree
to the following proposition to be inserted
after the 15th article:
“If any person bound to service or labor
in any of the United States, shall escape
into another State, he or she shall not be
discharged from such service or labor in
consequence of any regulations subsisting
in the State to which they escape, hut shall
b« delivered up to the person justly claim
ing their service or labor;” which passed
unanimously in the affirmative. So says
the Journal of Convention, page 273, and
Mr. Madison, in his notes, says it was
agreed to nem con. The Madison papers,
page 492.
The report of the committee was, be
yond doubt, a compromise between the
Northern and Southern States. The
former agreed that the importation of
slaves should not be prohibited before a
certain period, and the latter, that navi
gation acts might be passed by a bare ma
jority, and the additional clause in rela
tion to tbe rendition of fugitive slaves in
immediate juxtaposition with the report,
and unanimously adopted, was unques
tionably a part of the compromise. Upon
no other ground can the unanimity of the
convention be accounted for. In the con
vention the opposition to slavery was
strong and decided, and was entertained
by some of the ablest and most influential
members, and prominent among them, in
addition to Governeur Morris already men
tioned, was Rufus King from Massachu
setts, who, in after times, acted a con
spieuous part in opposition to the admis
sion of Missouri as a slave State, and
whose influence then brought the Union to
the vergo of dissolution.
They were lawyers and knew what the
common law was in relation to a slave es
caping from a slave into a free State; they
knew the doctrine which was announced as
law in Somersatte’s case, that as soon as
the foot of a ilave treads upon free ter
ritory his fetters fall from him, and he
cannot be reelaimod by his master.
Knowitig this, how can the adoption of
the clause for the rendition of fugitive
slaves without a dissenting voice be ac
counted for, but upon the fact that it was
part of the bargain entered into between
the Northern and Southern States?
They-knew that that clause overruled
the common law and declared that a per
son held to labor or service in one State
and escaping into another should not be re
leased from his labor and service upon
reaching a free State, but should be de
livered up to the person to whom his labor
and service might be due. They made
this concession for a purpose, and that
purpose was to secure some advantage for
the States they represented, and iu con
sideration thereof, to quiet the apprehen
sions ofthe slave States, by incorporating
in the fundament and law an assurance that
their property in slaves should be inviolate.
And Mr. Justice Story, in his Commen
taries on the Constitution, says that this
clause was inserted expressly to secure to
the. people of the 'slaveholding States
their right of property in their slaves.
The Constitution was a compact made
bv aud between sovereign States ; the
Federal Government was not a party to it,
for that Government was not then in ex
istence. The States were the parties and
agreed upon the terms of the camp ict,
and pledged themselves, as solemnly as it
was possible to bo done, that
“No person held to service or labor in
one State under the laws thereof, escaping
into another, shall, in consequence of any
aw or regulation therein, lie discharged
from such service or labor, but shall be de
livered up ou claim of the party to whom
such service or labor may be due.”
The meaning of this clause cannot be
misunderstood. It has but one meaning,
and. to illustrate it, it is this : A person
held in slavery in Georgia, under the laws
of that State, escaping into Massachusetts,
where siavery does Dot exist by law, shall
not. in consequence of the old common
law doctrine, that free territory makes
s'aves free ns soon as they tread free soil,
or, ia consequence of any ether regulation
which Massachusetts may adopt, be dis
caarg a troin slavery, and be permitted to
go free, but shall he delivered up to the
party claiming such slave.
This is what the States agreed should be
done, and, to give' it ail the solemnity and
binding force in their power ro give it,
they put it in the bond—in the compact
of union—in ths Constitution—and re
quired the Senators and Representatives in
Congress—the members of the several
State Legislatures, and all executive and
judicial oiseer*. noth or m® United States
and of the several States, to take aa oath
or atfinnatton to support the Constitution.
Every State which adopted the Consti
tution, whether at the time it was submit
ted to the States for ratification, or upon
coming into the Union afterward, agreed
to this compact. Did the free States
keep it ? Need l say they did not ?
I shaii not refer to mobs and unlawful
assemblages of men, raised iu Northern
States to rescue fugitive slaves and set
them free, but for proof of the violation of
the compact, I refer to the historical fact,
undenied and undeniable, that fourteen of
the free States enacted laws to prevent
the rendition of fugitive slaves, and mak
ing it penal for any one within their re
spective limits to assist in delivering them
np. This wa--done in their capacity as
sovereign States by virtue of the sovereign
I power they p issessed to enact laws by their
Lcgidilutes. These laws thwatted the
execution of the power granted by them
io tho Constitution, and made the clause,
which was inserted to authorize slaves es
caping into a free State to be reclaimed,
a dead letter, for if not executed and en
forced ,n the free States, its insertion in
the Constitution was to no purpose. Nor
did this refusal of the free States to exe
cute the power of the clause of the Consti
tution requiring the delivery of fugitive
slaves to their owners, or to permit it to
| he executed within their limits, arise from
a difference of opinion in regard to the
true intent and meaning of the Constitu
tion. It was an open, direct, unqualified
denial of the obligatory force of the clause
under consideration—it was an intended re
pudiation of it, and it was repudiated on
the ground that there was a “higher law”
which overruled it, and that “higher law”
was the unwritten and uncertain law which
they professed to Gel in their consciences.
Under this pretence they completely and
effectual y nullified an important clause of
the Constitution.
Was not, then, the compact broken by
States which were parties to it —aud were
not the rights of other States, also parties’
to the compact, openly disregarded aid
set at naught?
Such being the facts, what is the law?
State) which were parties to the com
pact agreed th.vta certain thing, in which
other States likewise parties had a deep
and vital interest, should be done. The
same States have, in the strongest form
they could put it, said that the thing
they agreed should be doDe, shall not be
done. Here was a clear and undoubted
breach of contract by the stipulating par
ties on one side.
Now what is the law in such a case ?
I shall not quote the opinions of Madi
son, Hamilton, Jefferson, Calhoun, Clay
or Webster; for their opinions may be
warped by the school of polities to which
they respectively belonged. I choose rath
er to go to eminent legal writers, not of
our soil and country, and entirely dLciUf
nected from polities. I desire to treit the
question as a legal, and not as a -olitical
question, and to refer to legal, and not to
political writers, in support of my posi-
tions.
First, I refer ti Rutherford’s Institutes
of Natural Law : Book 2, chap 10, Bee.
11.
The principle enunciated by him is in the
case of a constitutional compact between
a sovereign and bis people ; but the princi
ple applies to all compacts of government,
whatever the form may be.
Says Rutherford, “That part of the
sovereign power which the monarch has
granted to him, was granted to him at
first by the compact which settled the
Constitution, and isholden by him after
ward, under tho same compact. As long,
therefore, as the obligation of the Consti
tutional compact continues, lie has a right
to this part of the sovereign power ; aud
the people have no right to take it from
him, either by war, or by any other means
without his consent. But by willfully and
intentionally invading the other part, he
breaks the constitutional compact. And
this compact is so tar like other compacts,
that a violation of it, on ills side," will
leave the people at liberty to choose
whether they will abide} by it or not. A
compact, when it is violated by one of the
partits, is usually said to be void ; but if
we speak accurately, we should rather say
that it may be made void at the discretion
of the other party.”
“It is sufficient for our present purpose,
that when the compact by which the peo
ple haye given their civil governor a part
of the sovereign power, is broken on his
side, the obligation of it is voidable, or
may be set aside at the discretion of the
people. For it will follow from hence, that,
as they are at liberty to continue the same
constitution, and to leave him in posses
sion ot his former power, if they can stop
his usurpations either by force or other
wise, so they are at liberty, if they think
proper, to release themselves from the ob
ligation of their former compact, and to
make such alterations, either in the con
stitution, or in the persons, who are to ad
minister it, as they shall judge to be con
venient. They may restore the old form
of government, and may call a different
succession of persons, either of the same
family, or of another, to the throne : or
they may change the constitution in part,
by setting new limitations to the power of
their future King, whether they continue
the old succession,or introduce anew one;
or,lastly,they may change the constitution
entirely by establishing a form of civil
government.”
The latter alternative of establishing a
new form of civil government “applied
with peculiar force to tbe condition of the
slaveholding States, when their rights were
invaded and denied them by the other
States in repudiating the obligation of the
compact into which they had entered. No
alternative was left them but to submit to
this infraction of the compact or to with
draw, and “establish anew form of civil
government” for themselves. To submit
to tbe infraction of the compact would
have been to submit to deprivation of their
property, not only without authority of
law, but iu violation of an express pro
vision of the Constitution, which was in
tended to secure it to them.
The infraction of the compact complained
of was effected by the free States in their
sovereign capacity, by the enactment of
laws by their Legislatures to prevent the
reclamation of fugitive slaves within their
respective limits. Over such a violation
of the compact as this the othor States had
no control. It was beyond their reach.
They had no power over the elections in
the free States, to change their Legisla
tures and effect a repeal ot the obnoxious
laws. A decision ofthe Federal Judiciary
sustaining the constitutionality of the
Fugitive Slave Law was ineffectual. It
was as openly and as defiantly disregarded
as was the clause of the Con.itituiion which
it was intended to enforce. If the free
States would not regard their obligation to
obey the Constitution, how could it be
expected that they would obey a decision
of tbe Supreme Federal Judiciary,made to
enforce obedience to the clause of the
Constitution which they repudiated, and
held to be superseded by a higher law ? It
would have been supremo folly to expect it.
No alternative was left but submission to
a plain, open, undisguised, palpable re
pudiation of obedience to a clause of the
Constitution, in the enforcement of which
tbe slaveholding States had a deep and
vital interest, or separation Irom the dis
obedient States.
It was in the power of the States whose
rights were violated, to elect either branch
of the alternative.
Upon this point I again quote Ruther
ford, book 2, chapter 8, section 15.
To condense what he has said upon this
i point in a few words, it is this :
When the people are aggrieved and
j their rights violated, the mode and measure
of redress, and when to be exercised must
necessarily be left to their discretion. This
is a natural and not a civil right, and in
such case there can be no authorized civil
j judge. This right of tho people to judge
of the mode and measure of redress may
bo abused; that does not, however, nega-
tive the existence of the right. If we were
to conclude, on the one hand,that the peo
ple have no right of resistance because
this right is capable of being abused, we j
might for the same reason conclude on the 1
other hand that rulers have no authority,
because it is possible that they may abuse |
their power to promote their own separate
benefit. The possibility that a right may
be abused does not prove that no such
right exists.
“In short,” says Rutherford, “when
the question is whether the unrerne Gov
ernors of a civil society have abused their
trust by counteracting the ends of social
union.| the case is of such a sort that no
civil judge is or can be provided for it.
But it does not follow from hence that
there is no judge at all; each of the par
ties are left to judge for themselves, as if
they wore still in a state of nature. Both
parties are accountable to God, if they
judge wroDgly and act upon this judgment,
but neither of them is bound to submit to
the judgment of the other.”
This is the true doctrine in regard to the
right of judging and determining who
shall interpose to arrest grievances inflict
ed by pretence of authority, and under the
form of government. The party aggrieved
must be the judge ofthe mode and meas
ure of redress, otherwise there would be no
redress at all. The party inflicting the
wroDg has prejudiced the case and deter
mined that he has the right to exercise the
power complained of, and it would be pre
posterous to allow him to judge and deter
mine whether redress should be attempted
or in what way it should be sought. The
party aggrieved must necessarily be the
judge, if there beany judge at all. in such
a ease.
When the free States assumed the right
to judge and declare the clause of the
Constitution requiring the rendition of
fugitive slaves not obligatory upon them,
because they owe obidience to what they
term a higher law. they not only broke the
compact, but inflicted a grievons wrong
upon othqr parties to the compact, in ut
ter disregard of their tight, of property.
The right to property to the extent of
several hundred millions of dollars was as
saiied. Could it bo expected that the
owners woulj remain passive without
making any effort to protect their rights?
Or did the right of judging in such a case
belong to the free States ? It will hardly
be so pretended. The Southern and slave
bolding States hafts much right to judge
whai mode and measure of redress should
! be adopted Lv them to protect their rights
that the other Sta'es had to determine
that they were released by a higher law
; from all obligation to recognise those
rights.
This right of judging when and how hi
interpose when our rights are assailed is
but another name for the right of self-pro
tection, and cannot be yielded by any peo
ple or body politic without self-destruction.
The principle enunciated and established
1 by Rutherford is, that in the case ofthein
fr union of a constitutional compact by one
ot the parties, the other has the right to
declare it void, and the right of judging be
| longs as much to one party as the other..
But the doctrine advanced by Ruther
ford is intended by him to he applied to
’ one people, or body politic under one gov
: eminent.
* lu Blaekstoae’s Commentaries, voL 1,
[ pages 97 and 98, may be found authority
more directly to the point, that in a Con
federacy, or league formed by S'ates, hav
ing and retaining a separate existence, an
infringement ofthe terms of the union by
any of the parties, rescinds the compact.
He is treating of the union of England
and Scotland in o one Kingdom, by the
name ofGreat Britain.
Some of the aiticles of the union were
that “The United Kingdom should be
represented bv one Parliament, and that
the Church of Scotland and the four Uni
versities of that Kingdom should be estab
lished forever,” and that “all acts then in
force for the preservation of the Church of
England were declared perpetual, and
these were to be observed forever as
fundamental and essential conditions of
the union.”
Upon these articles and act of union,
Blackstone observes : “1. That two king
doms are now so imperatively unit ’d that
nothing can ever disunite them again ex
cept the mutual consent ot both, or the
successful resistance of cither upon appre
hending an infringement of those points
which, when they were separate and inde
pendent nations, it was mutually stipulated
should be ‘lundamentai and essential con
ditions of the union.’ ”
“2. That whatever else may be deemed
‘fundamental and essential conditions,’
the preservation of the two Churches of
England and Scotland in the same state
that they were in at the time of the union,
and the maintenance of the acts of uni
formity, which establish our common
prayer, are expressly declared so to be.
“3. That,therefore, any alteration in the
constitution of either of those churches, or
in the liturgy of the Church of England
(unless with the consent of the respective
churches, collectively or representatively
given) would bean infringement of these
' fundamental and essential conditions,’
and greatly endanger the union.”
Blackstone adds, in a note: “It may
justly be doubted whether even such an
infringement (though a manifest breach of
good faith, unless done upon the most
pressing necessity) would of itself dissolve
the union, for the bare idea of a State
without a power somewhere vested to alter
every part of its laws, is tho height of po
litical absurdity.”
“The truth seems to be”—and this is
the point made by blackstone, to which
particular attention is called—“that in
such an incorporate union (which is well
distinguished by a learned prelate from a
federate alliance, where such an infringe
ment would certainly rescind the compact)
the two contracting parties are totally an
nihilated without any power of a revival ;
and a third arises from their conjunction
in which all the rights of sovereignty, and
particularly that of legislation, must
reside.”
The doctrine of Blackstone is, that when
two States, or bodies politic, unite and
form one government for tho whole it is an
incorporate union—a fusion and arnalga
mation of two States into one —the con
tracting parties are totally annihilated, and
a third power or government arises from
their conjunction, possessing all the rights
of sovereignty and legislation—and if the
terms and conditions upon which the union
was made should be violated that would
not ipso facto dissolve, but might en
danger the unioD, as it would give the
aggrieved party the right of resistance.
But in the case of a federate alliance—to
use his language—or in other words, a
league, or confederacy, or a government
founded on Federal relations, where two
or more States unite to form a common
government, but retain their distinctive
existence as States or bodies politic v. itb
all the rights incident to them, as such, in
such a case, an infringement-of the terms
of the compact by one of the parties
would certainlyjescind it, or, to speak more
accurately, in the words of Rutherford, it
may be declared void by the other party.
This is the doctrine of right, of .justice,
of reason, of common sense, supported by
high and eminent authority—otherwise,
one party might break a cornpa t, and re
pudiate its obligation, and the other be
held to its observance, however grievous
tho burden. Such is not law, or reason, or
common sense, or common justice.
When the States formed anew govern
ment by the adoption and ratification of
the Constitution—did they form an in
corporate union, in the language of Black
stone, and were the contracting parties
totally annihilated, and did a third arise
from their conjunction? Never. The
States retained their distinctive existence
as States—their State lines, their territory,
their State Governments, their Executive,
Legislative and Judicial departments.
Proof' of this need not be adduced. If
any were needed, it is furnished in the
fact that all the free States, or very nearly
all, in their separate and distinctive ca
pacities as States, by their own legislation,
annulled, within their respective limits,
that clause of the Constitution which re
quires the rendition of fugitive slaves.
They doubtless claimed to be sovereign
States then, whatever may be their theory
now.
The Union, which was founded by the
ratification of the Constitution, was not
an incorporate union—it was a compact
between sovereign States, acting as States
—and when I speak of a State, I mean
the people—the body politic, residing with
in certain territorial limits, as constituting
tho State. There is not, and never lias
been, any such body politic, as the people
of the United States, constituting one
aggregate mass.
Such being the facts, as I have attempt
ed to show thenr, and such tho law, appli
cable to them, may I not ask tbe question,
confidently believing that it cannot with
truth receive an affermative answer—was
the separation of the Southern and slave
holding States from the free States a
causeless and unjustifiable rebellion?
IFds it a rebellion ? If there is any truth
in the facts which I have stated, and any
correctness in the law which I have quoted,
it was not.
A rebellion is unauthorized resistance of
lawful authority.
The separation of the slave holding from
the free States was the exercise of tbe
sovereign powers ofthe former in Conven
tion duly authorized by law and called to
consider the mode and measure of redress
against infractions of the constituted com
pact by the latter. In such action there
wat not a single ingredient of what con
stitutes rebellion. The separation deter
mined on was the voice of the sovereign
people of the separate States, speaking by
and through their legally organized bodies.
The right to separate from States which
had infringed the compact of union by a
denial of an important light intended to be
secured by it belonged to the people of the
aggrieved States by virtue of their sover
eignty, of which they had never divested
themselves; and, when this sovereign
power was exercised by a State, it Was au
thoritative and binding upon the citizens
thereof, and obedience to that authority
was not rebellion.
The exercise of this power was not re
sistance to the authority of the Federal
Government, but it was a withdrawal from
a union of States which had forfeited the
right to hold the withdrawing States in the
Union, and the authority of tho Federal
Government over the separating States
fell as a necessary consequence. The ces
sation of the authority ot the Federal Gov
ernment in the States which withdrew was
the result ofthe exercise by those States of
their fight to withdraw, and not of any
force or violence used to put it down.
If it was a rebellion, then the considera
tion of the note sued on was illegal, for in
that case it was hiring the plaintiff to fight
and resist lawful authority. If the separa
tion was the exercise of a right belonging
to the States, then it was not a rebellion,
and the consideration ofthe note is legal,
unless it be vitiated by the character of
the war in which the plaintiff engaged to
fight.
in the argument made by counsel for the
defendant in the court below, it was said
that the late war was waged and carried
on to destroy the Government of the
United States, and the note being given to
aid in the prosecution of that object, its
consideration is illegal and the note void.
The fact is far otherwise than as stated
by counsel.
There was no intention or effort by the
late Confederate States to destroy the Gov
ernment of the United States, Dordid they
prosecute the war with such view or pur
pose. Their only object was to protect
themselves in the exercise of a right which
they believed fairly to belong to them and
to establish their own independence as a
government.
When they withdrew from the Union,
they lelt the other States in the full exer
cise of all the powers of government, both
State and Federal, and would not have
disturbed them had they net been them
selves assailed. That the govern
ment of the United States retained its fail
vigor, notwithstanding the withdrawal of
the So a thorn States, was exemplified by tn«
fact that it was still puz.<qns! ia tucu and
means, as the withdrawing States learned
! by sad experience.
The Southern Stites separated them
selves from the others, because they had
just grounds for the separation, and they
1 proceeded, as they had a right to do, to
j form a Confederacy with alt the powers of
: government for their material protection
and safety. Nor was the war, which fol
i lowed, waged by them, but it was IToin
meneed by the Government of the United
States, and was met by the Confederate
| States in self-defence and for self-protec
tion. Separation did not necessarily beget
war, but wrongful opposition to it did.
The Christian religion, when first pro
1 mitigated, met violent opposition—and the
bloody wars, which were urged to subvert
! it, were not the direet consequence of its
promulgation.but were available to the am
bition and evil passious o! those who op
posed it—and the war which followed the
separation of the Southern States from
the others, is ao more attributable to that
separation as the producing cause, than
can the Christian religion be held eharga
I ble with the wars waged against it by wick
ed men for their own selfish purposes,
j Did the Southern States commence the
1 late war, or was it forced upon them by
the States which opposed their withdraw
al from the Union? A recurrence and
wdi known historical fact will enable us Vo
decide this question.
When South Carolina withdrew from the
Union she annulled all the powers of Gov
ernment belonging to United States
within her limits, both civil and military.
It would have been a senseless proceed
ing on her part merely to have withdrawn
from the Union and still permitted any
part of her territory to be oeeupied by the
military authorities of the United States.
If South Carolina had the right to with
draw, and a sufficient cause existed for
such a step, she withdrew her territory as
well as her people from the Government
of the United States, Land every inch of
territory within her limits was subject to
her jurisdiction. The retention, theD, of
the forts within her territorial limits by
the Government of the United. States was
an act of hostility, and it was the com
mencement ofthe hostilities which ensued,
and the at'empt to reinforce Fort Sumter
in the harbor of Charleston under the cir
cumstances then existing was a further act
of war, and the obligation upon the Con
federate Government to protect the States
forming the Confederacy, necessarily
called for resistance. The Confederacy
wouid have been derelict in its duty if it
had not expelled the hostile force which
sought to hold possession of the harbor of
Charleston.
The war was commenced by the Gov
ernment of the United States, though the
first gun was fired by tbe Confederacy.
The invasion of the Confederate States by
the armies of the United States followed,
and whatever armies were levied upon by
the Confederate States, were levied to
protect themselves against a cruel, unjust,
remorseless, atrocious war.
The Government of the Confederate
States, in providing for raising armies to
repel invasions, authorized substitutes
to be received iu the service in lieu ot those
subject to enrollment, who might be able
to employ them. Without producing it,
I take it as an acknowledged fact, that
such a law was enacted, aud under and by
virtue of its authority, the plaintiff’ was
received iri the army of the Confederacy
in lieu of Bailey, one of the defendants..
The plaintiff' agreed to assume the
burden which was upon him, and
to perform the duty which was
required of him for the sain stipulated to
be paid him in the face of the note. For
relieving him from the burden which was
upon him, and from the duty he was called
upou to perform. The defendant agreed
to pay the plaintiff the amount specified
in the note. The burden was borne, and
the duty performed by the "plaintiff, and
thereby the defendant was -relieved and
rnmained at. home in peace and security.
Ought he not to pay the plaintiff for re
lieving him from the privations, hardships
and hazards of life incident, to war? And’
when the contract was expressly authorized
bv law, how eau it be said to be illegal ?
It was not illegal, unless the law itself was
illegal, if such an expression is allowable.
If the law which authorized the recep
tion of subititu'es was void for want of
authority in the Government which en
acted it, so was every law enacted by tho
Confederate Congress—so was every Con
federate Treasury note issued by that
government a Dullity—so was every pay
ment made in those notes likewise a nulli
ty—so were all concerned in organizing
and sustaining the void government rebels
and traitors. Blistered be my tongue
when it shall utter such an opinion.
BY TELEGRAPH.
TO THE ASSOCIATED PRESS.
From Cuba.
Havana, June 20, p. in.—Marines are
now guarding forts Moro and Cubanas, the
volunteers disavowing any intention to
resist, berodas having retired.
Fight hundred Spaniards were defeated
aud lost their convoy near Los Tunas.
Spaniards at Cinco Villas and bos Tunas
are calling for reinforcements. General
Duello says five thousand men are required
in Ciueo Villas district.
From Hayti.
Havana, June 26, noon.—Heavy fight
ing again at Aux Cayes an I Salnave was
defeated with heavy loss. It is reported
Superon has landed at Puerto Plata, San
Domingo, and demands its surrender.
The port of Maracaibo, in Venezuela, is
elosed. /
From San Francisco.
San Francisco, June 26, noon.—Sen
ators Wade and Coukling, with the Com
mittee of Ways and Means of the House,
met a number of leading business men
and representatives of six Chinese Com
panies. A Chinese representative made a
speech, expressing the hope that the Gov
ernment wouid double the subsidy ofthe
China line, enabling it to run fortnightly,
and suggested Congressional assurance of
just protection of chances. Chinese capital
and isles will invest money here. They
complained of the mysteriousness of Cali
fornia taws, preventing Chiue3e testimony
in thecourts ami especially taxing Chinese
immigrants and miners.
From Washington.
Washington, Juno 26, p. m.—Reve
nue to-day 8767,000.
Supervisor Noah, of Tennessee, was
allowed to i*>sign ; his successor is un
known. The ehango is attributed to the
influence of Stokes’ party.
The President has appointed Win. M.
Wood chief of the Navy Bureau ot Medi
cine and Surgery.
Creawell was present at the interview
between Grant and Demos. The interview
was unofficial.
It is stated, on tolerable good authority,
that Grant never asked xioar’s opinion
regarding the political status of Georgia.
Hoar certainly has taken no steps toward
preparing such opinion.
From Richmond.
Richmond, Juno 26, p. m.—Joseph
Kelly, who was shot Thursday evening at
the Registration office by the police Captain
Callahan, died this morning. His death
creates much feeling in the city, he having
been held by three policemen, whild»Calla
han, who had a personal feud with him,
shot him. Kelly was Vice President of
of the Seymour and Blair club during
the campaign ; and Callahan was an ex-
Confederate officer, who had charge of a
Confederate prison during the war and
has since joined the Republican party.
Callahan, who was bailed, was to-day re
arrested.
Edmund Fontaine, projector of the
Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, died to-day,
aged sixty-nine.
General Can by orders that Callahan, who
killed Kelley, betried by military com
mission.
The Weatlier.
Wilmington, June 26, p. m. —Weather
clear aud hot. Wind S. W. Thermometer
87.
Marine News.
Charleston, June 26, p. m.—Arrived,
United States Steamer Moccasin,(vom Wil
mington. Off ihe port, Schooner M. E.
Taber, from New York; Sailed, Steamer
Champion, for New York.
Savannah, June 26, p. m.—Cleared,
steamers San Salvador for New York ;
America for Baltimore ; Tonawanda for
Philadelphia. Arrived, steamer Leo from
New York.
Money Markets.
London, June 26, noon. —Consols 92J;
Bonds 80i.
New York, June 26, noon.—Stocks
strong, Now York Centra! reached 197 ;
Money active at 7; Golu Sterling 91 ; Gold
137i;*’62’s 22; North rarotinas 1 better;
Virginias ex-coupon 58, new 62; Tennes
sees ex-coupon 621, new Bouisiauas
old 72, Devees 68.
New York, June 26, p. m.—Money
abundant at 7 in currency, large balances
utleredat 5@6 at the close; Sterling 91@
()i;Gold weak at 1371@137! ; Govern
ments a shade firmer and in good demand;
’62s 22@22J ; Southerns closed steady ;
Stocks strong.
> New Orleans, Juno 26. p. m.—Gold
11371; Sterling 511; New York Sight i
premium.
Cotton Markets.
Liverpool, June 26, noon.—Cotton
shade firmer—Uplands 12ld, Orleans 12id;
sales 12,000 bales.
Liverpool, June 26, afternoon.—Cotton
active—Uplands 12jjd, Orleans 125; sales
18,000 bales,
Havre, June 26, noon. —Cotton quiet
and steady.
New York, June 26, noon.*—Cotton
firmer at 33ic.
New York, June 26. p. m.—Cotton more
active aud firmer—sales 4,800 bales at 33Jc.
Baltimore, June 26, p. m.—Cotton
firm at 301 c.
Charleston, June 26, p. m.—Cotton
steady; sales 125 bales; receipts 111 bales’.
Savannah, June 26, p. m. —Cotton
market firm ; Middling 31c ; sales nom
ftial; receipts 236 bales; exports 1,199
I bales.
Mobile, June 26, p. m.—Cotton in good
i.emand among few and closed firm—sales
700 bales; Low Middlings 30(g,301c; re
j eeipts 180 bales.
New Orleans, June 26. p. m.—Cotton
active and unchanged—Middlings 31ic;
sales 1,250 bales; repaipU 143 • bates; ex-
ports 2.UBS bale:.
Produce Markets.
Liverpool, June 25, afternoon.—Lard
quiet at 725; Bacon 635.
New York, June 26, noon—flour
dull and declining; Wheat l@2c lower;
Corn shade firmer ; Pork dull at $32 75Q
-32 So; Lard quiet; T -;;i Q ntu>: dull at 41J
(3.42 c; Kosin steady; Freights turn.
New York, June 26, p. ra.—Flour
5(3,10c lower; Wheat heavy, Corn a shade
bettei but not active; Whiskey lower at
9se@sl; Mess Pork dull and heavy; Lard
a shade easier— kettle 19J @ 20e; Naval
stores quiet; Groceries dull ; 1- reights
tirm.
■Baltimore, June 20, p. m. —Flour
duil and weak; Wheat lower—valley red
81(5,1 75, new white $2: Corn dull—while
95(5,97c; Provisions quiet and unchanged;
Whiskey scarce at ?I 04.
Cincinnati, June 26, p. m.—Whiskey
93c; Pork $32 75@33; Bacon unchanged.
Louisville, June 26, p. in.—Provisions
dull; Mess Pork f33 .50; Bacon—shoulders
llie, clear sides ISie.
St. Louis, June 2G, p. sa.—Whiskey
94c: Mess P»;k sso 25t033 75; Bacon
shoulders life, clear sides 18fc; Lard heavy
at 19ic.
Wilmington, June_2B, p. m.—Spirits
Turpentine steady at 374; Kosin steady at
SI So(g,s, Crude 'turpentine $2 t»(<s3; Tar
$2 25.
New Orleans, June 26, in.—Flour
mpeifinet's 85, doubleso 25,treble $0 374;
Corn —white 95c; Oats 71 (372 c; Bran $lO5
@1 07; Hay—prime $26@27 ; Pork he’d at
$35; Bacon 15, 18@18|c; Lard 20@21c, keg
21i@22c; Sugar—eornmou 95(5|10ie, prime
13@ 14c; Molasses uo sales—fermenting
nominally at 40(®42c£ Whiskey 925@950 ;
Coffee dull and unchanged.
Weekly Review of Augusta Markets.
OFFICE BOARD OF TRADE, |
Augusta. Ga.. June 15.1869—P.M. 1
COTTON.—We have had a very quiet market
throughout the past week with very little variation in
prices; the •fferinga have been very light, as holders
are not anxious to place their stock on the market.
In the latter part of the week favorable advices from
New York buoyed up our market, it closing quiet but
firm, Middling 31 cents. The sales and receipts for
th£ past week, with the exception of Wednesday, were
sales 38G bales ; receipts 244 bales.
RECEIPTS OP COTTON.
The following are the receipts of Cotton by the dif
ferent Rail Roads and the River for the week ending
Thursday evening, June JJ4. 1869 :
Receipts by the Georgia liail Road bales 236
“ Augusta A Savannah R R 00
Total receipts by R. R •. 236
COTTON SHIPMENTS.
The following are the shipments of Cotton by the
different liail Roads and the River for the week ending
Thursday evening, June 24, 1869.
By Railroad.
South Carolina R. R., local shipment bales 597
“ “ through shipments 128
Augusta A Savannah R. R., local shipments 00
“ “ “ through shipments 000
Total shipments by Railroads 725
RECIKPTS OF PRODUCE, ETC.
Trade for the past week very light, there being but
little demand and that for home use and not specula
tive. There being no country merchants in town,
consequently there is no country trade doing. We
refer to our price current for quotations of the week.
The following are the receipts of produce by the
different Rail Roads during the week ending on Thurs
day evening, June 24,1869 :
Bacon 1b5..124,666
Corn bushels 8,887
Wheat “ 925
Flour barrels 135
Hay 000
Meal 000
FINANCIAL—There has been a moderate demand
for Securities. Sales of Georgia Railroad Stock 108
ex-dividend. Atlantic & Gulf consolidated Bonds at
82 ' a . Augusta Bonds 90. Augusta & Savannah Rail
road stock 92. Money easy at i per cent, a month. *
GEORGIA HANKS.
Bank of Athe 7 s 65 a—
Bank of Columbus 10 a—
Bank of Commerce 7 a—
Bank of Fulton 45 a—
Bank of the Empire State 18 h 20
Bank of Middle Georgia 95 a—
Bank of Savannah 65 a—
Bank of the State of Georgia 24 a—
Central Rail Road and Banking Cos 99 a—
City Bank of Augusta 60 a—
Farmers’and Mechanics’Bauk 11 a
Georgia Rail Road and Banking Cos 99 a—
Union Bank 8 a—
SOUTH CAROLINA BANKS.
Bank of Camden 75 a—
Bank of Charleston 70 a—
Bai lof Chester 10 a—
Ban lof Georgetown 10 a—
Bank of Hamburg 8 a—
Bank of Newberry 70 a—
Bank of South Carolina 10 a—
Bank of the State of S. 0., old issue... 45 a—.
Bank of the State of S. C., new issue.. 15 a—
Commercial Bank, Columbia 1 a—
Exchange Bank, Columbia 10 a—
Merchants’, Cheraw 10 a—
Peoples’ Bank 70 a
Planters’ Bank 5 a
Planters’ and Mechanics’ Bank 75 a—
Southwestern Rail Road, old 60 a
State Bank 5 a 1_
Marine Bank 98 a
Mechanics’ Bank 1 a—
Merchants’ and Planters’ Bank S a
Timber Cutters’ Bauk 2 a
Union Bauk 95 a
OLD BONDS, ETC.
Georgia Rail Road Bonds 102 >4 a—
“ “* Stock 106 a—
Central Rail Road Bonds 102 a
“ “ Stock 123 a—
Southwestern Rail Road Bonds 100 a—
“ • “ Stock a 104
Atlanta and West Point Bonds 100 a 102
“ “ Stock a 100
Macon and Augusta endorsed Bonds.. 95 a—
Macon and Augusta Morgaged Bonds.. 85 a—
Macon and Augusta Stock 35 a—
Muscogee Rail ltoa 1 JBouds 90 a 95
Georgia Sixes, old 80 a
“ Sevens, new 94 a
Columbia & Augusta Rail Road Stock 13 a 13>4
Atlantic & Gulf Rail Road Stock 42 a
Augusta Bonds ... 88 a 90
COMMERCIAL.
GENERAL TRADE—The general trade for the past
week has been without much activity, and the m% -
chants cannot look for much trade until the planters
have their crops in such a condition that they can
leave them with security. The demand for Provisions
is very good, and prices of Bacon and Corn are firm,
the demand being confined to consumption entirely
no one seems inclined to operate in Bacon, particu
larly at the present high prices, although all seem to
concur in the opinion that prices will rule still higher.
DOMESTICS—AII in limited demand notwithstand
ing the present price of cotton, and at prices jjrevail
ing offer a splendid field for speculation.
BACON continues firm with light Block, but no
change in quotation.
CORN—Demand continues good and prices have
advanced, some asking more.
WHEAT—SI 50@1 75 for Red, White $1 75@1 90;
very little offering as planters are busy with their
crops.
HAY—sl 75(gj2 for North River and Eastern. Good
supply and limited demand.
DRUGS—We have a decided improvement on last
week’s business with no material change in prices.
BAGGING and ROPE—Very little demand as yet.
Prices firm.
• TOBACCO—The demand continues good, especially
for medium grades, but uo change to note in
SUGAR—Good demand and prices a little easier.
DRY GOODS—Good demand.
APPLES-
Green perbbl.. 4 00 a 8 00
Dry lb.. 8 a lo
BACON-
Clear Sides lb.. a 20
Clear Ribbed Sides lb.. 19>£a 20
Dry Salt Shoulders lb.. 15 a 15
Ribbed B. B. Si ies lb.. 18\.a 19
Shoulders lb.. 16 a 16 >4
Hams .lb.. 18 a 23
Dry Salt C. R.• lb.. 18 >4a 19
BEEF-
Dried ..lb.. 20 a
BAGGING ANI) ROPE-
Bagging —Gunny yd.. 23 a 25
Bengal yd.. a 26
Dundee yd.. a
Burlaps....’ yd.. 13 a
Rope —Machine, Hemp lb..
Half Coils lb.. 9 a 9
Hand Spun lb.. 7 a- s'
Green Leaf lb.. 10 a 11
Manilla lb.. 25 u
Flax lb.. 7 a 9
Cottoh lb.. 30 a
BAGS-
Osnaburg, two bushel 25 a
Shirting, “ 19 a
Burlaps 16 a
BUTTER—
Goshen lb.. 60 a 60
Country lb.. 20 a
BEES WAX-
Yellow lb.. a 35
BUCKWHEAT—
New Buckwheat Flour bbl 10 00 a
“ half bbl a5 5n
“ “ qrt bbl a3 to
CANDLES—
Sperm Ib.. 45 a 60
Patent Sperm 11).. 00 a VO
Adamantine lb.. 18 a 2."
Tallow lb.. 18 a 20
CANDIES—
American lb.. 26 a 2S
French lb.. 75 a 1 82
CHEESE-
Goshen lb.. 28 a 25
Factory lb.. 25>„a
State lb.. 18 a 19
CEMENT-
Hydraulic bbl.. 5 00 a 5 50
COEFEE-
Rio, common lb.. 20 a 22
Fair lb.. 24 a 25
• Prime lb.. 25 a 2t
Choice lb.. 26 a 27
Laguayra lb.. 28 a 80
Java lb.. 40 a 42
Malibar lb.. 50 a
African lb.. 50 a
CORN MEAL-
City Bolted bus.. a 1 20
• Country bus.. 1 10 a
DOMESTIC COTTON GOODB
- Factory, 8-4 yd.. a l\%
* “ “ 7-8 yd.. 14 a
“ 4-4 yd.. 15 a
“ “ 7-8 Drill..yd.. 16 a
Hopewell, 7-8 yd.. 12j^a
7 oz. Osnaburgs yd.. a 20
Montour, 7-8 a 18
8 oz. Osnaburgs yd.. a 21
Osuaburg Stripes yd.. a 18>£
Hickory Stripes yd.. 12>£a 20
Fonteno’ Shirtings yd.. a 21
Granitevillo Factory, 8-4 yd.. a 11>*
M “ 7-8.... yd.. a 14
44 44 4-4.... yd.. a 15^
44 . 44 7-8 Drill .. u 16
Athens Checks ....yd.. a 19
Athens Wool Jeans yd.. 40 a 50
Athens Stripes yd.. 17
Apalachee Stripes yd.. 17 a
Jewell Factory, 7-8 yd. 13>$ a
44 4-4 yd.. 15
Richmond Fact’y Osnaburgs.yd.. 18
44 “ {Stripes.... yd.. a 19
PRINTS—
Standard yd.. 12 a 13
Mourning.j yd.. 10 a
Wamsuta yd.. 9&a
Arnold’s yd.. 11 a 13
Freeman’s yd.. 12 a
Oriental yd..
Amoskeag yd.. 12>$a 18
Hamilton yd.. 12 a 18
American yd.. 12Ka 13
Dunnell’s yd..
Home yd.. 8 V£a Ll
Lancaster yd.. 12>^a
Merrimac yd.. 14 a
Best Styles yd.. 12Xa 13^
Common yd.. 8 a 10 )' z
Sheetings and Shiktings—
New York Mills yd.. 28 a
Lonsdale yd.. * a 20
Hope yd.. a 18
Spool Cotton—
Coats’ yd.. 95 a
Clarke’s yd.. 95 a
Ticking—
Amoskeag, \ C A yd.. 40 a
“ A yd.. 85 a
“ B yd.. 30 a
“ C yd.. 27 >2 a
“ D yd.. 25 a
Conestoga, 4-4 .. 35 a
“ 7-8 yd.. 27
Yarns—
Nos. Cto 12.. yd.. ' 2 00 a
Fontenoy 6to 12 yd.. 200 a
COTTON CARDS , 0 _
No. 10 perdoz.. 8 00 a 9 00
CAMBRICS- .
Paper yd.. 15 a
Common yd.. 12>£a
CORN SHELLERS
DRUGS, DYES, OILS PAINTS. SPICEBL TC.
PACKAGE PRICES.
Acid—Muriatic lb 9 a 1C
“ Nitric lb.. 18 a 20
“ Sulphuric lb.. 7 a 9
Alum lb.. 6 is
Allspice .lb.. 38 a 40
Blue Mas3 .....lb.. 90 a 1 5C
Blue Stone lb.. 14 a 16
Borax—rchued lb.. 4< a 45
Brimstone lb.. 7 a 9
Cassia (Cinnamon) lb.. 1 10 a1 25
Calomel lb.. 1 30 a 160
Camphor lb.. 125 a 1 50
Chloride Lime lb.. 9 a 3-
Chrome Green lb.. 95 a 4C
Chrome Yellow lb.. 28 a 5
Cloves... lb.. 60 a 7‘
Copperas lb.. 3 a 5
Cream Tartar .lb.. 50 a 6V
.Epsom’s Salt lb.. 6 a 7,-
Flax Seed lb.. 10 a L
Ginger Root lb.. 28 a 30
Glass—Bxlo box 50f.. 4 25 a 5
“ 10x12 “ 450 a5 2)
44 .2x14 44 500 a7 00
‘ 12x18.. ! - 3 00 a 8 00
Clue lb.. 25 a 57
Gum Arabic—Select lb.. 100 a125
“ “ Sorts lb.. CO a
Honey—stramed gall.. 1 50 a 200
Indigo—Span slot Ib.. 140 a 2 00
Lamp Black —Ordinary... .IV>, 10 a 12
“ “ - Refined... lb.. 85 a 40
Liquorice P&ftc—Calab lb.. 45 a 55
Liihargc lb.. a ‘4>
Logwood—Chipped lb.. Z a 6
“■ Extract To.. 15 a 16
Mace lb.. 1 70 a 2 00
Madder lb.. 26 a 28
Mercury Ib.. 1 00 a1 25
Morphine—Sulph oz.. 11 50 a 12 5*3
Nutmegs lb.. 17:. k 1 80
Oil—Castor (East India) gall.. 3 50 a 4Ov
“ “ (American) gall.. 300 a
“ Coal (Eer) burning best,galL „ 65 a 75
** “ “ “ com.gall. 55 u
“ 44 Lubricatin" ...gall.. 75 a 1 1C
“ Lard gall.. 200 a2 25
l - Lamp gall.. 250 a 3
~ Linseed gall.. 185 a1 51
“ pure gall.. 8 00 a 8 To
44 Tanners gall.. 25 a 60
“ Train gall.. 1 O') a
Opium lb.. 18 OO a2O 00
p.jtash—bulk lb.. ?3 i 18
44 in Cans L*.. 23 a 25
Prussian Bine.. lb.. 75 al
Putty n>.. a 9
Quinine —Sulphate oz.. 280 a3 00
Red Lead ...lb.. 20 a 22
Itooto—Ginsing \. .lb.. 80 a 1 23
“ Pink :Ib.. ** a 60
44 Queen’s .... &.. 10 a 20
44 S-cega Lb.. 60 a 75
4 ‘ Snake, Virginia Ib.. 90 a 1
Soda—Sal lb.. Safe
Soda—Bi-Carb lb.. 8 a 11
Spanish Brtrtm Ib.. 5 a 0
Spirit Turpentine gall.. 65 a 75
Sulphur Flo were lie, n i
Umber—Raw lb.. Id a X 2
44 Burnt Ib . 12 a 10
Varnish--€n*ch gall.. 4 00 a 6 00
“ Furniture gall.. 3 00 a 460
“ Damar gall.. 400 a. 5
“ Japan gall.. 2 5o u 300
Veuetian Red lb.. 8 a 9
Vermillion—Chinese lb.. 1 75 a2 25
“ American lb.. 5o a 6o
Verdigris lb.. 75 a I oo
White Lead gr. in Oil—Amer.lb.. lo a 17
“ “ “ Engl.lb.. 16 a 2o
Whiting lb.. 4 a 6
Zinc—White, inOil—French.lb.. 18 a 2o
“ “ “ Aiuer...lb.. 12 a 18
FLANNELS—
All Wool yd.. 25 a 75
FLOUR-
Country —Super bbl.. 7fO a 750
Extra bbl.. 800 a 8 50
Family bbl.. lo 00 al2 00
Excelsior Mills —Super bbl.. a 9 00
Extra bbl.. alO 50
XX bbl.. all 50
Granite Mills— Superfine.. bbl.. a 7 to
Extra bbl.. a 9 10
XX bbl.. alO 00
Augusta Flour Mills (formerly
Carmxchael)— Canal bbl.. a
Superfine., .bbl.. a9
Extra bbl.. 9 50 alO
Family bbl.. a
XX bbl.. all
GRIND STONES-
lb.. 3
GUANO-
Oakley Mills’ Raw Bone ton.. 75 00 a
Whitelocks Cerealizer ton.. 75 00 a
Woolstou’s A Bone Phosphate of
Lime ton.. 75 00 a
WandoCo’s Amm. Phos ton.. 57 50 a
Sea Fowl ton.. 80 00 a
Andrews & Go’s ton.. 40 00 a
Peruvian, No. 1 ton.. 100 00 a
Wilcox, Gibbs A Co’s Phoenix.... 65 00 a
“ “ Manipulated 70 00 a
Turner’s Excelsior ton.. 85 00 a
Rhode’s Super Phosphate . .ton.. 70 00 a
Sol. Pacific ton.. 75 00 a
Baugh’s Raw Bone ton.. 75 00 a
Laud Plaster ton.. 25 00 a
Zell’s R. B. Phosphate ton.. 72 00 a
* 4 S. Phos. Lime ton.. 72 00 a
Whann’s R. U. S. Phos ton.. 7u 00 a
Patapsco Guano ton.. 70 00 a75 00
GRAIN—
Wheat— White bus.. 1 76 a 190
Red bus. 160 a1 75
Com —White bus.. a 1 22
Mixed bus.. a 0 00
WOOL-
Uuwashed ID 25 a
Washed id
GUN POWDER—
Rifie keg.. 7 50 a
Blasting keg.. 500 a
Fuse 100 feet.. Ino u
HAY-
Northern ewt.. a 1 75
Eastren ewt.. 1 90 a 2 00
Country ewt.. u 1 oo
HIDES—
Prime Green lb.. 8 a 9
Green Salted lb.. h a 17
Dry Salted lb.. 17 a 20
Dry Flint lb.. a 20
IKON—
Bar, refined lb.. 6) .a 6
Sweediah lb.. (Vj.a 7
Sheet lb.. 7>^a
Builer lb.. 8‘ 4 a 8L
Nailltod lb.. 9 a 12
Horse Shoes lb.. 10 a 11
Horse Shoe Nails lb.. 18 a 40
Castings *. lb.. 7 a 8
Steel, cast lb.. 24 a 25
Steel Slabs lb.. n a 12
Iron Ties lb.. 7'.a 9
LARD—
Pressed Ib.. if, a 17
Leaf, in bbls lb.. 21 a 22
Leaf, in half bbls lb.. 22 a 23
Leaf, in kegs lb.. 22 a 22
LEATHER—
Northern Oak Sole lb.. 45 a 62
Country Oak Sole lb.. 35 a 45
Hemlock Sole lb.. 32 a 37
Harness lb.. 60 a 60
Skirting ....lb.. 58 a 60
Kip Skins doz.. 45 00 a9O
Calfskins doz.. 36 00 a7S
Upper doz.. 36 00 a6O 00
Bridles ..doz.. 62 00 a76
Bridles, fair doz.. 52 00 a? 5
Hog Seating doz.. 60 00 aloo
LIME
liocklaud bbl.. 275 a3 00
Howard, Southern bbl.. 2 75 a 3 00
LIQUORS—
Kingston cask.. 450 a5 00
Brandy —Cognac gall.. 800 als 00
Uumestic gall.. 250 a5 00
Cordials esse.. 12 00 a
Albohot gall.. 450 a 500
Cm —Holland gall,. 5 00 a6 60
American gall.. 2 00 a 300
Rum— Jamaica gall., s 00 alO 00
New England gall.. 165 a3 00
Wine— Madeira gall.. 260 a4 60
p °rt gall.. 260 a4 50
•Sherry gall.. 2 60 a4 50
Claret gall.. 5 00 al2 00
Champagne, fine.basket.. 28 00 a4O
Champagne, ihf. .basket ~ 18 00 a25
Whiskey —Bourbon...- gall.. 3 00 a 5
■ Notified gall.. 1 30 a 2
Bye gall.. 175 a 6
Irish gall.. 7 00 a 9
Scotch gall.. 7 00 a 9 5C
MOLASSES—
Muscovado gall.. 60 a
lteboiled gall.. 60 a
Fine Quality, new crop gall.. 55 a 60
Sy™P- gall.. 70 a 1 25
Syrup, Stuart’s choice gall,. a 1 60
Syrup, lower grades gall.. 50 a 60
MACKEREL—uew -.
No. I bbl.. 23 00 a24
No. 2 bbl.. 19 60 a2O
No. 3 large bbl.. 16 50 al7
No. 3 bbl.. al4
No. 1 half bbl.. 12 00 a
No. 2 “ loco all 00
No. 3 •< 8 00 a 8 76
No. 1 kit.. 325 a
No. 2 kit.. 250 aa2 55
N°. 3 kit.. 225 a 7 265
Mess kit.. 00
MACCARONI
American and Italian lb a 25
. NAILS—
keg.. 575 a6 00
ONIONS-
bbl.. 800 a 9 00
UAIo —
bus.. 1 00 a
PEACHES—
Peeled ' lb.. 15 a 18
Unpeelod, uo sales lb.. 6 a 8
PEAS-
Sced :.. .bus.. 115 a
POTATOES-
Irieh bbl.. a 300
Sweet, new bus.. a 1
PICKLES—
, gal.. 75 a 1 00
PLANTATION TOOLS-
Anvils lb.. 15 a 20
Axes doz.. 15 00 alB
Picks doz.. 12 00 alB
Trace Chains doz.. 900 als
Hoes doz.. 600 al4
Shovels —Long handle doz.. 12 00 al6
Short handlo doz.. 14 00 alB
" cast steel.. 16 60 a
Spades doz.. 16 00 al7 00
RYE
Seed bus.. 1 76 a
RICE—
India 1b.... a *
Carolina 1b.... 9 a lo
STARCH—
pearI 1b.... 10 a 1212
SALT-
Liverpool sack a 2 60
SHOT-
bag 3 25 a 340
SEIVES—
Mai doz.. 300 a 4 4
SPOOL COTTON—
Coats’ doz.. 1 00 a
Clarke’s doz.. ■ 1 00 a
STOCK FEED—
Yellow Meal Feed bus.. a 1 20
SHEETINGS AND SHIRTINGS-
New York Mills yd.. 28 a 3i>
• Lonsdale yd..
Hope yd.. 20 a
SOAPS-
Colegate’s No. 1 lb 9 a
Pale lb 11 a 12
Family lb 12 >4 a
Ga. Chemical Works lb 8‘ a
SUGAILS-
Muscovado lb 14 a 15
Porto Rico lb 15 a 16 %
A 1b.... 15J4a 17
B lb a 10,14
' Extra C lb IGa 16
U lb
Yellow lb 15>4a 16
Loaf, double refined lb a 21
Crushed lb 18 ala 14
Granulated lb 18 a 18
Powdered lb 18 a 18
SMOKING TOBACCO -
Marcilla gross 8 20 a
Right Bower gross 25 00 a
Killickanick lb 1 00 a
Danville lb 50 a 0
Fruits and Flowers , 65 a
Commonwealth 45 a 59
Chanticleer gross 9 00 alO 00
Durham, taxes paid 65 a75
Navy “ .. v • *lb 65 a
Maryland Club “ lb a 1 50
Lalla Rook lb 35 a
Pioneer lb 55 a
TOBACCO—
Mouidly and Damaged 1b.... 45 a 50
Common Bound 09 a 65
Medium Sound .... 55 a 65
Fine Bright 70 a 75
Extra Fine to Fancy 90 a 1 00
Fancy Styles • “ 100 a1 50
Half Pounds Dark " a 65
“ Bright “ 70 a 75
TEAaS-
Hyson 1b.... 125 a 2 Ofi
Imperial lb 1 60 a ‘J 25
Oolong lb 1 60 a 200
Gun-powder 1b..., 1 75 a 225
Black lb 1 uu a 1 75
TICKINU-
Amoskeag, AC A yd.. 45 a
“ A yd.. 37>4a
“ B -yd.. 32 >4a
“ C yd.. 30 a
“ D yd.. 25 a
Conestoga, 4-4 y and.. 40 a
“ 7-8 yd.. 35 a
LETTER KtioM ALtiXIXDIgU 11, STE
PHK.NB TO A HU END IN THIS CITY.
IIIS OPINION OF THE HOI.! JOAL SITUATION
—THE WORK TO WHICH THE REMAINDER
OP HIS LIFE IS TO BE DEVOTED.
Liberty Hall, )
Crawpordsville, Ga., June 13. j
My Dear Sir : Your very kind and
highly appreciated favor of the Oth inst.
was received yesterday. Allow me to re
turn my thanks for it. lam improving
slowly, very slowly, however, from my
hurt some four months or more ago. I
can now sit up part of the day, but can
neither stand nor walk yet without aid of
some sort. I have, notwithstanding this
affliction, resumed work on the second
volume of the “Constitutional View of the
Late War between the Statos.” I agree
with you in styling it the worst and moat
Culpable that ever, took place on earth. I
greatly fear, too, that it will, in its ulti
mate consequences, prove to be the most
disastrous one that ever occurred to the
principles of constitutional liberty. Out
Constitution, as made by the fathers, was
ono of the most wonderful political
achievements ever attained by genius aod
patriotism. Had its principles been ad
hered to, this late terrible war never weald
have occurred, and the only hope now for
the present and future of the country is
to briDg back the Federal administration
to the true principles of the Constitution.
This can only be done by a virtuous, in
telligent and patriotic people.
When bid men conspire to impo3o their
usurpations “outside” the Constitution,
good men everywhere .must combine to
keep all such men out of power. This can
oniy he doDe fy the publication of truths
and byawakiDgin the minds of the people
the sense of the dangers which threaten
them, and arousing them to future action
before it is too late. The only proper rem
edy for all existing evils and the greater
ones which appear in the future (s at the
ballot-box.
The great object w’th me in the remnant
of try days is to do all iD my power to
ward the inculcation of such truths and
principles as are essential for the main
tenance of our institutions as handed down
from the fathers. To *h,ia course the future
of my life is devoted. And notwithstand
ing all that is said and has been said
about the rebellion and the disloyalty of
the rebels, etc., I know of but one test of
true loyalty in this country, and that is
loyalty to the principles c 4 the Constitu
tion of the United States. In this, and
in unswerving devotion to them, I yield to
no man that ever breathed the vital air of
Heaven.
I can say no more now, but repeat my
thanks for your letter, and send ycu my
kindest regard and best wishes.
\ oqr truly,
Alexander H. Stephens.
New York World, 22d.
SELLING OFF AT COST!
CLOTHING,
CLOTHING,
CLOTHING.
THE
Greatest Reduction of the Season
FOR 30 DAYS,
IAM now offering for sale my entire Stock of READY-MADE CLOTHING
Gents’ FURNISHING GOODS at New York cost. U ?nd
It is an inducement seldom offered to the citizens of Augusta and vicinity, and I
trust they will not let it pass without availing themselves of its benefits.
The public may rest assured that the Goods will be sold as advertised.
JOHN KENNY.
jnn27—dSwlm
MARRIED.
By the Rev. W. H. Clark, a’, the residence of the bride’s
mother, onlhel6th lastaat, T. BURWELL GREEN, of
WasldoKton, Georgia, and Miss M&RY S. N KLSON, ot
Augusta. No Cards.
The Cold Sulphur Springs, Va.—
We call the special attention of our read
ers to the advertisement in our paper to
day of this Summer resort. It is situated
in the mountains of Virginia, in a region
of country famous for the romantic, beau
l'ul and diversified character of its scenery,
and for the delightful, salubrious and
invigorating nature of ilsSummer climate.
Reing only two miles from the Chesapeake
it Ohio Railroad, it is very convenient of
access. The proprietor presents an assay
fevideuee in the form of letters and cer
tificates of Eminent Physicians and other
persons of the highest character for integ
rity aud intelligence, which is absolutely
irresistibleiu its nature, and must carry
certain conviction to every mind of the
great and even wonderful remedial vir
tues of the mineral water, which lie
brings to the notice of the public.
The GREENBRIER WHITE SUL
PHUR, tile ROCK RIDGE ALUM, the
SWEET and the UOL’ SPRINGS, have
for many years been considered as among
the most valuable of the medical and
health giving fountains of Virginia and
West Virginia; aud undoubtedly merit
their high reputation.
Ye* Iroin the certificates published with
the a Jvertisement of the COLD SUL
PHUR SPRINGS, it appears that some
cases of severe intractable maladies- for
the reliefof which, even those justly re
uowued Mineral Waters had been used
in vain, have been entirely and- perma
nently cured by the Cold Sulphur Water.
mny3o—suwfr&wlm
Beautiful Woman.—ls you would be
beautiful, use Hogan's Magnolia Balm.
Itgivesapure Blooming Complexion,
and restores Youthful Beauty.
Its effects are gradual, natural and per
fect.
It removes Redness, Blotches, and Pim
ples, cures Tan, Sunburn aud Frockles,
and makes a Lady of thirty appear but
twenty.
The Magolia Balm makes the Skin
Smooth-and Pearly; the Eye bright und
clear; the Cheek glow with the Bloom of
Youth and imparts a fresh, plump appear
ance to the Countenance. No lady need
complain of her Complexion, when 75
cents will purchase this delightful article.
The best article to dress the hair is
Lyon’s Kathairon.
juul7—thsatus&w lm
“Where is Drake S. T. 1800 X?” Wo
have heard this question asked many
times, and for all we knew for a year past
he might be dead. Recently, iu New
York, we called at his Laboratory in Lib
erty street, and thero found this gentle
man barricaded behind a tremendous pile
of boxes, distributing f mis to a Sunday
School Committee. Uu business was to
secure an advertisemei.t. He said : "My
dear sir, what is the use of advertising t he
Plantation Bitters. They sell better now
than when! advertised at suoh enormous
expense, aad now I have not made a con
tract for a year. I have all this amount to
give to the poor. To satisfy the Press,
however, who have always been my
friends, I think I will give you a little
something to do again, for I have im
proved tiie Bilters greatly, andit;mavbo
well to have you let the people know It.”
And so e ran on iu a happy, cordial, ap
preciativ a manner, showing us the won
ders of hi i place and the cords of certifi
cates. Everything is on a maguiffca’nt
scale, and is done' with neatness and
promptness. While there we saw at least
forty orders come in for these celebrated
Bitters. Cases were being shipped to the
four corners of the world. Drake is not
dead, nor his Bitters either.— Exchange
Paper.
'Magnolia Water. —Superior to the
best imported German Cologne, and sold
at half the price. je26—d6&wl
Facts for the Ladies.
I learned the use of my Wheeler & Wil
son Machine without persou-,1 instruction.
It has been used nearly twelve years, with
out repairs, by myself and seamtresses,
doing my family sewing, estimated at S3OO
annually, and bids fair to do as good ser
vice for a life-time. My needles are never
broken, but really worn up too short for
use. The actual value of my machine can
not be estimated commercially, nor ex
pressed iu words. Those only can proper
ly appreciate it who have attempted family
sewing by hand.
Mrs. M. F. WOODS.
jun26—wl
THE BANNER OF THE SOUTH,
Tin: only paper in the South devoted to
“The Lost Cause,” edited by
REV. A. J. RYAN,
Author of “ The Conquored Bauner,”
“Sword of Robert Lee,” “ Praver of the
South,” and other Southern poems, is pub
lished at
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA,
BY
L. T. BLOME 8l GO.,
$3 per annum, or $ 150 lor six mouths
in advance.
E-ch number contains, in addition to
Father Kyan’s Editorials, Original Tales,
Poetry, Sketches, Essays, Correspondence,
Catholic Intelligence, a Summary of Lato
Foreign News and a well selected General
Miscellany.
It is also one of the best advertising
mediums in the South, having a very large
and increasing circulation.
Specimen copies sent free. Address
L. T. BLOME & CO.,
je4—difcwtf Augusta, Ga.
THOMAS COUNTY, GA,
Plantation for Sale.
r OFFER FOR SALE, A PLANTATION
JL in Thomas county, four miles from
Thomasvllle, consisting of Twelve Hun
dred Two, and a Half Acres tirst quality
LAND, with good dwetliug, cabins, kitch
en, barns, stables, gin house, gin packing
screw, blacksmith shop, &v , all under
good fence; five hundred acres cleared,
balance heavily timbered. There are
three hundred acres of Virgin Hammock
—bounded cm the North side by the At
lantic and Gulf Railroad, on the South by
the Monticelio road, and the new railroad
from Albany will come within half a mile
of this Plantation.
There is a never-failing creek of fine
water running through the Plantation.
Also five wells and two well stocked fish
ponds on the premises.
This place is known as the “Seward
Home being formerly the property
of Hem, Jas. L. Seward.
The mules, horses and other stock, with
all the wagons and agricultural imple
ments, will be sold with the place on
reasonable terms.
For particulars, apply to
A. STEVENS, Augusta, Ga.
or to A. P. Wright, Thomasville, Ga.
or L. J. Guilmartin<* Co.,Savannah, Ga.
P. S. — There are two churches and two
schools in Thomasville, Ga , tine climate
and good neighbors.
nov29 —ddtwtf
Washington Female Seminal),
FALL TERM,
1869.
THE EXERCISES BEGIN TUES
DAY. THESHrh OF JULY.
Every advantage is had at" this Institu
tion, and every effort made by the Board
of Instruction for the proper training of
Young Ladies.
For further information address
Rev. MORGAN CALLAWAY,
Principal.
references :
Gen. R. Toombs, Washington, Ga.
Judge Wm. M. Reese, “ “
Mr. Milton Robert, “ “
Oen. D. M. Dußose, •* “
Rev. H. A. Topper, “ “
Mr. Sam’l Barnett, “
Bishop G. F. Pierce, Sparta, “
jun22—ddiwlm
EORGIA, - OGLETHORPE COUN-
T TY —Holly D. Fleenian. AdmtaMtra’rix of .Umis
Y. Fle-ruan and lead of t tain ly of minor children, tia, ap
plied for exemption of p*rd malty au d aettime apart
aod valuation of homestead, and I »ill pa-, blra he
seme at 10 o’.lock A. M., on the TENIH DAY Os
JULY. 18SS. “ m J offlce - j j ROBINSON,
i junzi—wf Ordinary, o. C.
<. ,-:t the best
Webster's Unabridged Dictiinary.
1 0.000 Words and Meanings not in other Dictionaries.
IltlOO Engravings; 1840 Pnges Quarto.
Price, sl2.
UIKWEDas a whole, wo are confident
t that no other living language has a
dictionary which so fully aud faithfully
sets forth its present condition as this last
edition of Webster does that of our written
and spoken English, tongue.—Harper’*
Magazine.
These three books are the sum total of
f real libraries ; the Bible, ,Shakspeare anti
, Vebster’s Royal Quarto. —Chicago Evening
journal.
This work, well nsed in a family, will
be of more advantage to the members
theroot than hundreds of dollars laid up in
money.— Alliance Monitor.
The most useful and remarkable com
pendium of human knowledge iu our lan
guage.—lF. Clark, President Mass
Agricultural College.
WKIiSTEIt’S NATIONAL I>H TOKIAI, DIP
TIONAKY.
11140 Pages Octavo. «il»0 Engravings.
l*rlce» $6.
The-work is really a gem of a Dictionaru
just the thing for the million American
Educational Monthly.
“In many respects, this Dictionary is
the most convenient ever published/’—
Rochester Democrat.
“Asa manual of reference, it iseminent ■
ly fitted for use iu families and schools ’’
—-V. Y. Tribune.
“It is altogether the best treasury of
words of its size which the English lan
guage has ever possessed.”— Hartford
Press.
Published by G. & C. MERRIAM,
jelO—thsattuiwlm Springfield, Mass. ’
Fresh Peaches, Berries, Corn
Tomatoes, &c,,
A.ll tlie Year .Hound.
THE
MILLVILLE ATMOSPHERIC
. FRUIT JAR
6gp HAS been used exten
siyely for several years
l<lgpS3pai| With increasing popu
larity. It possesses ma
nyadvantages, among
A*._ : : which are that you can
mf' determine wheiher the
Iff ,f ( , 3 fruit is safe or not wit/t
--liji ' l i out waUiwjfur it to/er
■ ■ ..c , mewt. Nothing but glass
il W. comes in ‘contact with
aJM * ' the fruit. The Gu m
. ATNIOSPHERIC ■ Rings are heavier than
If p||:iill'| rs in most other jars, and
i HtUltJ/tf’ kirs?- will lastlor many years,
I | instead of having to be
|i|.' ! :|-i jt u . 1 0 renewed yearly. The
IHliiir —'ill ar can lie opened with
i'SIBI Liease.
'1 hose jars are the best and most eco
nomical for family use, for fresh Fruits,
Preserves, Jellies, Jams or Pickles.
Sold wholesale and retail by
PLUMB & LEITNER,
Augusta, Ga.
Agents for the manufacturers,
jol I—frtu*w2m
WOOL CARDING
AND
EXCHAN Q- I N G.
THE ATHENS MANUFACTURING
COMPANY will EXCHANGE
CLOTH FOR WOOL on same terms as
heretofore; also, CARD WOOD in the
best manner. All packages sent should
have the senders name marked plainly on
the package. Also, if sent by freight lines
wo will guarantee the safe delivery. «
R. L. BLOOMFIELD, Agent,
Athens, Georgia.
may26—d*w3m
The Best Georgia Cotton Gins,
W’ E are now offering these celebrated
GINS at the following prices:
For 9 inch Saws, $4 per saw ; For 10 inch
Saws, $1 25 per saw. Warranted to per
form well.
Orders, with satisfactory reference, wifi
be promptly tilled.
J. D. & H. T.HAMMACK,
jol —d&w2m Crawlordsville, Ga.
JEWELL’S MILLS,
f'ORMERLY ROCK FACTORY, GA.,
Post Office, Culverton, Georgia. We
will manufacture Wool for customers this
season, on the following terms: Wool
manufactured into Jeaus (colored warp)
30 cents per yard ; in Kerseys at 20 cents
per yard, or.carded in rolls at 125 oents
per pound. Sheetings, Shirtings, Osua
burgs and Yarns constantly on band.
Wool wanted in exchange for goods at
market value or for cash. Consignments
by railroad should be directed to Culver
toll. Z. McCORD, Agent in Augusta.
D. A. JEWELL, Owner,
m y 14—dlm<ftw3m
COPPER STILLS.
I AM now propared to lnunufUcturc OOP
PER STILLS, BOILERS, KETTLES
and Copper work goneraiiy. Sheet Copper
aud Copper Stills constantly on hand at
low prices at C. A. ROBBE’S,
Cdnoert Hall Place, rear 272 Broad St,
Repairing done at short notice.
juu22—dctwlm
IMPORTANT
TO
PLAITTEBS!
THE RICHMOND FACTORY
(NEAR AUGUSTA, GA.,) CONTINUES TO
manufacture woolen cloth
FOR PLANTERS,
At 29 cents per yard Tor Plains, and
!L> cents for Twills.
IF lhe owners of the Wool wish the same
dyed, they are prepared to do ao, mak
ing a gray—the oniy color they propose
making. The charge for Dyeing the Fill
ing will he 3 cents a yard extra. Wool
will be carded at 12$ cents per ib.
All Wool sent must have the OWNER’S
NAME PLAINLY MARKED O.N TIIK
PACKAGE. Goo da to tie paid for on de
livery.
All instructions to CJIAS. A.
ROWLAND, Agent, Augusta, Ga.
A. JOHNSTON,
President Richmond Factory
June 1 at, iB6O.
in ay 28—dlm&w2m
DENNIS’ REMEDY
FOR
INDIGESTION OFF CHILLS.
\ PHYSICIAN can easily ascertain
-f V what the general effects of ibis remedy
will ha by a trial upon himself. If ho takes
a dose of it as soon as he feels an uneasy
sensation in the stomach, and notices how
quickly it produces a better feeling in the
stomach, or takes it aa soon as he has been
exposed to cold, and notices its effects in
preventing him from taking cold, he will
then prove how it is this Remedy subverts
chills, and so often prevents diseases of
females that so often proves fatal, espe
cially when they have been exposed to
cold at a critical period.
jun27—d<twl
IVTOTICE FOR LEAVE TO SELL
Li LAND.—A in.]; Cation win I* rj.wie to »Le Court of
Ordinary ot Lincoln count/. Georgia, n* the fir*t rcguiar
Ui ai after the exp raiioa off .ur wee*B from til.'" untie -, for
leave to tell the laatfa belonging to tbe raiate 01 Tcom ts J.
Murray. l*te ofaatd coutry deceased, for ihe be: eflt oi Le.r*
aod trPdltor* •> said n
Jane 231,1869. HENRY H. REMSOM
HENRY L MURRAY.
jun 26 wl Admlniatratora.
Leiters of DISMISSION.
GEORGIA, OOL«THORP r. COUNTY —Raciie)
D tfU f> t and l>a/ <t A. Admimst-aio s upon tae e*
late of Anel M. Bxrne t, was- d. D«e of gxi.l o.mtv, ap by
to ine tor Letter jof fionj s*id A inutrjtrat ,>ii.
Th9ee are, therefwe, to sunuuo i and upnbh’. p
iotere-led vo be and app-ar ai M.y . rfiie t>u tfi.
MONDAY IN OCTOBER, 18*9, ad th>n aa.l ifierf- :o
Bbow cause, U auy Lbry bave, wfi> uud Wtura- us I>ieai z
eion afioulil cot be granted.
Lexington, 24tb, 1869.
If. J. ROBINSON,
janSd —w&a vrdin*xy O. G,