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010 SERIES—VOL. XCI
BEE SERIES—VOL. XL.
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Address WALSH A WRIGHT,
Chronicle A SawTOrgn. Augusts. Ga.
Cftronttlg anft Sentinel.
WEDNESDAY AUGUST 30, 187*.
Tax Turks continue their atrocities in
•pite of the solemn warning of Great
Britain. Lord Dkrby will have to em
phasize that last remark with a man of
war.
If General Butler ia not elected in
the Seventh District he means to move
into the Eighth. He started in the
Sixth and means to take all the Districts
in rotation. i
The New York Herald thinks Mob
ton’s declaration that the morals of pub
lic officials under Gbant are no worse
than they were under Jackson is a bad
showing for Jackson’s officials.
Sinob the success of Columbus in the
American business there has been noth
ing like Grant's discovery of the fact
that Brutow was a conspirator with un
hallowed designs on the Presidency.
Thb New York Herald propounds
this conundrum : “ Why should the
President insist upon nominating men
lor office who have spotted reputations?”
It must be because a fellow-feeling
makes Ane wondrous kind.
If the Republicans have done their
beat, as they say they have, and busi
ness is flat, money tight, and laboring
men fighting the wolf of starvation in
midsummer, how could that party better
things by electing Hayes ?
Crook and Terry have at length ef
fected a junction of their forces. Now
if they can pnrsuade the Sionx warriors
to stand and fight, the Indian war will
not last long. We are convinced/though,
that Bitting Bull is not that kind of a
general. The choioe of time and place
rests with him.
Mb. Finkrlnbubo, the Republican
nominee for Governor of Missouri, has
declined. He was afraid that his name
could not be properly handled in the
oanvass. There isn’t muoh Republican
party in Missouri, and it won’t make
muoh difference whether the vacancy is
filled or not, .
Thb Repnblican orators are earliest
on the stump. They are anxious and
frightened. Morton and Sherman
abandoned their posts of duty to get in
the first word. Shbllabaroeb and Har
rison make haste to say somothing. The
Democratic Ciceros may be late, but
they will be able to trump the trick, as
it were.
General Sittinoßull has been heard
from. He has dropped a line to the
offloer in oommand at Fort Peck, inti
mating that he would like to call and do
a little trading. He says that he is
growing old, and is not anxious for war,
but the white folks keep orowding him,
and he is compelled to fight. We infer
that Mr. Bull is in good health.
Lbt the people judge between the Ad
ministration and a Democratic House
of Representatives in respect to the
River and Harbor appropriations. Last
year the appropriations were $6,643,-
617 60. The estimates of the Adminis
tration for the cnrrent year were $14,-
301,100. The House recommended an
appropriation of $5,872,850, and finally
oonourred with the Senate in an appro
priation of $5,000,000. Was it the
House or the Administration that want
ed a fund to bribe Southern voters ?
Hon. Allen D. Candler, of Hall
Oonnty, is a candidate for re-electioD to
the Lower House of the General Assem
bly. Mr. Candles has been a member
of the Legislature for several years. He
is an intelligent, sensible and useful
legislator. He was recognized as one
of the leading members of the last
House, and no member surpassed him
in zeal and devotion to the interests of
Georgia. The people of Hall oonnty
will reflect credit upon themselves and
benefit their county and the State by
re-electing Mr. Candler. His experi
ence in legislative matters will enable
him to render more intelligent and ef
ficient service to the State.
Mb. Kasson, the Republican member
lrom lowa, made a delioious blackguard
of himself in the House upon the eve of
adjournment. His assault upon the Dem
ocratic party wonld have discredited a
pot-house brawler. Just before adjourn
ment Mr. Page, of California, announc
ed to the House that the Speaker had
agreed to appoint Mr. Kasson a member
of the oommittee which was to go junk
eting to California to inquire into the
Mongolian business, and that because
of his speech the Speaker had changed
his mind, and had appointed another
man. We know nothing of Mr. Say
lbr's pledge to Kasson, but be certainly
did right in refusing to place him npon
the Mongolian Inquiry Committee. A
man who could make such an offensive,
intemperate, partisan attack upon peo
ple who happened to disagree with him
had no fitness for a position on that im
portant committee. He is not capable
of inqniring into a great problem, and
Mr. Saylsb had the good sense to un
derstand it
Son eonfasion has arisen on account
of the miannderstanding concerning the
amended Congressional election law.
Under section 25, Revised Statutes, it
was provided that elections for Con
gressmen shonld be held in all of the
States on the Tuesday next following the
first Monday in November of each alter
nate year. It was found, however, that
this would work hardship in some
States, where it would be necessary to
ohange the Constitution of the State,
which had already fixed the date of elec
tion for State officers and Congressmen.
In 1875, accordingly, Congress enacted
that this section should “ not apply to
any State that has not yet changed its
day of election, and whoee Constitution
must be amended in order to effect a
ohange in the day of the election of
State offioen in said State.” As the law
now stands, therefore, Congressional
•lections must be held on the same day
with the State eleotion, or on the Tues
day following the first Monday in No
vember. But it is believed by some that
the last clause should read, “to effect a
ohange in the day of the election of said
officers in aaid State,” which would refer
pnly to Congressional elections.
THE ONLY HOPK OF SOUTH CARO
LINA.
The action of the Democratic party of
South Carolina in nominating General
Wade Hampton for Governor meets with
the approval of good men everywhere.
The issues are well defined and the lines
are sharply drawn. Principle no less
than policy demanded that the issne
should be made, and every friend of the
prostrate State most rejoice at the turn
which events have taken in the presenta
tion of honest and capable men for
office. The Radical party in South
Carolina is corrupt and infamous be
yond the hope of redemption. There is
no leaven in it. The whole mass is
shaking with political putrefaction. As
the body of the party is rotten, its mem
bers are paralyzed. Even the few in
the party who make any pretension
to respectability are not withont
the taint of corruption. Under this
condition of affairs, the duty of the hon
est peoDle of South Carolina is so plain
that it needs no argument to convince
them. What has been done in Missis
sippi, Arkansas and Alabama can he
done in South Carolina. With a solid,
compact, intelligent organization ©f-ll
the people who are in favor of honest
government, we can see no good reason
why the State ticket, headed by Gen.
Wade Hampton, cannot be elected.—
There is this consolation, that if rooted
in the fight, the condition of affairs can
not be more intolerable than it has been
for the last seven years. Policy and
conciliation have been tried in vain.—
A square fight for principles—for hon
esty and reform in the government—will
result either in the election of the en
tire ticket, or in the election of such a
strong delegation to the General As
sembly as will prevent the Radicals
from continuing to plunder the people.
We have great faith in the success of
the reform movement.
THB JUDICIARY.
Jndge Dillon, one of the most emi
nent jurists of this country, has re
cently given expression to some very
sonnd and Urholeaome reflections npon
oonstitntiqnal reform, in which he thus
speaks of the necessity of preserving
the judiciary of onr oountry pure and
nnsnllied: “In one matter of Bupreme
importance,” says he, “the people of
most of the States have departed from
the system which was approved and
adopted by the founders of onr Gov
ernment—l mean in substituting an
elective judiciary, with short terms, in
place of an appointed judiciary with a
permanent tenure—that is, during good
behavior.”
“Reflecting men know that this is a
very disastrous mistake, and candid men
will admit it. In all onr constitutions,
executive, legislative and judicial pow
ers are carefully discriminated and sep
arated. We have the high authority of
Mr. Webster that ‘Liberty is only to
be preserved by maintaining the great
divisions of political power.’ Legisla
tive and judicial powers are entirely dis
similar. As respects the exercise of the
one, majorities—the popular voice—may
well govern. As respects the exercise of
judicial power, popular opinion has no
place, and it is an invasion of the rights
of justice if it ever enters the jury box
or is regarded by the judge. A stable
and independent judiciary is the strong
est hope of the country— judges who are
independent of the people, of the legis
lative, of the executive, or of party fa
vor."
We of Georgia are blessed in one re
spect—we have an appointed judiciary
but of short tenure, and therefore fre
quently opens the door for Judges to
look forward to some favor from the
people or the representatives of the peo
ple. It is to be hoped that if ever a
Constitutional Convention should be
oalled the people of onr State will look
well to this matter, and place onr ju
diciary beyond the reach of popular fa
vor, and elevate that great safeguard to
snoh a height that its ermine will never
be soiled by the contaminating touch of
politics. Let the saintary words of
Jndge Dillon forever ring in the ears
of the trne lovers of liberty, that “a sta
ble and independent judiciary is the
strongest hope of the country.”
TROOPS IN THE SOUTH.
The Boston Olobe says: While Gener
als Crook and Terry are left to con
tend against the hostile Sioux with an
insufficient foroe, about half of the regu
lar army of the United States is kept in
the Southern States, where there is no
proper military service for it to perform,
and the General of the Army is directed
to hold in readines all the available force
under his oommand to be used in pro
tecting citizens in the right to vote.
Nothing is said in the order of Secreta
ry Cameron as to the localities in which
this foroe will be required, but the
General is directed to have it “so dis
tributed and stationed as to be able to
render prompt assistance in the enforce
ment of law."” When Congress was ask
ed for authority for the enlistment of
volunteers to serve against the Indians,
it was pretended that there were no
troops of the regular army available for
the reinforcement of Crook and Terry.
There are now 188 companies of in
fantry, cavalry and artillery stationed
at the South, and as, according to a re
cent statement of General Sherman be
fore a Congressional Committee, the
companies average only about fifty men
each, the number of men cannot be far
from 7,000. Nearly all the artillery,
consisting of twenty companies, is sta
tioned along the coasts in forts, and
forms no part of what is sometimes call
ed the “army of occupation,” but is for
the most part an army without occupa
tion. All of the twenty-six companies
of cavalry and forty-five of infantry are
stationed in Texas, mostly along the
Rio Grande, and are supposed to pro
tect the border from the incursions of
the Mexican guerrillas. Of the remain
ing forty-seven companies of infantry,
twelve are in Louisiana, two being at
New Orleans, two at Baton Rouge, one
at Shreveport, one at Conshatta, one at
Bayou Sara, one at Clinton, one at St.
Martinsville, and two at Pineville; ten
are in Missississippi, of whieh two are
at Vicksburg, two at Jackson, four at
Holly Springs, one at Fort Gibson and
one at McComb City; eight are in
South Carolina, of which four are at
Columbia, two at Aiken, one at York
ville, and one at Greenville; seven are
in Georgia, all stotioned at Atlanta; five
in Alabama, one being at Mobile, one at
Huntsville, one at Livingston, and two
at Mount 7ernon Barracks; three are in
Tennessee, two of them at Naahvitle and
one at Chattanooga; and two are at Lit*
tie Rock, Arkansas.
The use which it is proposed to make
of these military companies of the regu
lar army is to protect “all citizens, with
out distinction of race, color or political
opinion, in the exercise of the right to
vote, as guaranteed by the fifteenth
amendment, and to assist in the enforce
ment of certain, oondign and effectual
punishment’ upon all persons who shall
attempt, by force, fraud, terror, intimi
dation or otherwise, to prevent the free
exercise of the right of suffrage, as pro
vided by the law of the United States.”
The preamble and resolution adopted by
the House of Representatives on the
10th instant are quoted as a justification
of this use of the military, although no
body supposes that they contemplated
anything of the sort. The only authori
ty for the use of troops for such a pur
pose as is here designated is contained
in the “Enforcement Act,” which the
Supreme Court has pronounced null and
void, and is there allowed only in cer
tain cases where the civil officers are re
sisted and cannot execute the law. The
resort to military power for the enforce
ment of civil laws is an extreme meas
ure, only justifiable when other means
have failed. There is no constitutional
authority for it except in case of domes
tic violence, and on application from the
proper State authority. A military or
der issued in advance of any violation of
law, or any show of violence, can have
no other purpose than that of a threat,
and it is a question whether the effect is
not likely to interfere with the free ex
ercise of snffrage as much as the
possible violations of law which it as
sumes are going to occnr.
HOMK SIGNS OF TELDFN’S ELECTION.
The St. Lonis Republican says : \
week or two ago the Republican called
attention to the fact that fate had seem
ingly preordained the snccess of the
Democratic party in the approaching
Presidential election by making the
fourth of March, 1877, as the date of a
new epoch, when a national house clean
ing should be commenced, the corrup
tion and tyranny which have ruled in the
White House for eight years be swept
away, and an area of prosperity and
peace begin under the role of President
Tilden. That the Presidential term be
ginning on March 4, 1877, would inau
gurate anew epoch, was shown by the
fact that it comes on Sunday, which is
the beginning of anew week, and the
national honse cleaning will, therefore,
commence with Tildkn’s inauguration
the following Monday, the very day set
apart by immemorial usage for such
operations. Lest it should be imagined
that Presidential terms have so frequent
ly begun on Sunday, that there is no
significance in that fact, it was stated
that this has happened only twice before
in the history of the republic, first,
when James Monroe was inaugurated
the second time in March, 1821, and
next when Zachary Ta ylor was inaugu
rated in March, 1849. It might have
been added that after March, 1877, it
will not occnr again until March, 1917,
forty years hence.
To those who believe in omens this
will be readily taken as a sign of the fu
ture, and when it is disci >vered that its
indications are confirmed by many other
still more favorable auipvries of Til
den’s success, the hand of fate is appa
rent even to those who are proof against
superstition. Let the curious go over
the list of Presidents, for instance, and
make a note of the numbi ir with names
ending in N, as Tilden’s t loes, they will
find Washington, Jefferson, Madison,
Jaokson, Van Buben, Harrison, Buch
anan, Lincoln and Joßnboh, just one
half of the whole illustrious line, which
seems to show that Nis a very lucky
letter for the Presidential -candidate to
have at the end of his nam.e. But our
Uncle Sammy’s name begins as well as it
ends. The first letter of his name is S,
which is the nineteenth letter of the al
phabet, and in consonance writh the oth
er striking coincidences which mark the
Democratic candidate as the next occu
pant of the White House, there have
been just eighteen Presidents, so that
Tilden will be just what his initial let
ter indicates, the nineteenth President
of the United States.
But the coincidences do not stop with
this, and there is yet a more remarka
ble one than any instanced so far. The
tickets put in the field by the Demo
oratio and Republican parties, which
everybody admits will eairry all the
States of the Union, are : S. Tilden and
T. Hendricks, and R. Hay es and W.
Wheeler. Taking the order in which
the various letters composing those
names stand in the alphabet, just as S
was found to be the nineteentti, and
adding them together, it will be found
that the aggregate is 369, exactly the
number of votes in the next Electoral
College, of which the names of S.
Tilden and T. Hendricks make up 194,
a clear majority of the electoral vote.
The following tabular exhibit will make
the point plain :
a. TILDEN.
19— 20-9-12—4—6—14 83
T. HENDRICKS.
20— B—s—l4—4—lß—9—3—ll—l9 11l
R. HAYES.
18 8-1—25—6—19 76
W. WHEELER.
23 23—8—5—5—12—5—18 99
_ ’' 175
Total electoral vote 369
It- is quite an easy thing to count 194
votes that Unc e Sammy is sure to get,
but as there are several States ordi
narily put in the donbtfnl column and
several more under the menace of the
military, there are so many ways of
footing up the required 194 votes, that
the Republican leaves that for the
curious to do according to their own
judgment. So far as signs are con
cerned, it has shown enongh of them in
Uncle Sammy’s favor to convince any
one believing in them that he is the
lncky man of this campaign.— St. Louis
Republican.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
After more than a decade of misrnle
the Palmetto State seems likely to onoe
more assume the proud position sheonoe
held among her sister States. People
who live at a distance can have no con
ception of the wrongs, the indignities
to which the good citizens of South Car
olina have been subjected. Radical
politicians treat the assertion with de
rision since they have no better argu
ment to meet an unpalatable truth. Is
it nothing that the talent and the in
tegrity of the State have been kept in
the background ? Is it nothing that
the people have been plundered by un
scrupulous legislators and office holders,
nothing that the torch has been applied
to barns and dwellings, that the worst
characters have been encouraged in law
lessness by those who had sworn to sup
port the laws ? Such a government as
that which has held the reins in South
Carolina for the past ten years
is a disgrace not only to Amer
ica but to civilization itself. Even
members of the dominant party have
had the candor to admit this. Thanks
be to Heaven a ray of light has at last
pieroed the cloud. Outraged and indig
nant the Democracy of the State, which
has so long looked in vain for reform in
the ranks of its opponents, has taken a
determined stand and placed in the field
a ticket composed of true and tried men.
Gen. Hampton will not only receive the
united vote of the white men of the
State but will be supported also by
'thousands of oolored men who have be
come weary of the band of plunderers
who have been pocketing the public
funds. The eye of every well wisher to
good government is now turned towards
the Democratic movement in South Car
olina.
The Brooklyn Eagle says:
The Democrats of South Carolina have
nominated General Wads Hampton for Gov
ernor on a platform which recites in clear
language the deplorable conditions of civil and
domestic distress which misrule has brought
on their State. General Hampton has accept
ed the nomination, and upon his election may
be said to depend every hope which that Com
monwealth has to escape from complete ruin
and barbarism. Hie demeanor of the Ooo
servativas of the State has beeoeae in all re
AUGUSTA, GA.. WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 30, 1576.
■pacts most excellent. While any forms of
redress they might attempt would be as justi
fiable as a man’s defense of his property and
life against midnight robbers, they realize
that upon their forebearance, patience and
judgment rest not only their hopes for effec
tive deliverance, but also to a degree the
hopes of their countrymen to establish, at
Washington, an administration that will work
throughout the nation the reforms of which
South Carolina and the nation stand in so
great need. We predict that the temper of
the Sonth and its tact will be snch as not to
allow Graxtism to devise even a pretext for
armed interference on behalf of Haves. The
mind of the North, npon the last project of
threatened interference, is unmistakable. Re
publicans and Democrats alike oppose it, and
Republicans in whom honesty and hamanity
are regnant can be relied upon to resent at the
ballot box this attempt to prevent the people
of this country from deciding fairly and peace
fully whether they will have a change of
parties or not.
MICHAEL C. KERR.
Amid the sounds of the coming politi
cal battle Michael C. Kerb, of Indians*
Speaker of the Honse of Representatives,
has passed away. Conscious of a well
spent life his end was tranquil. While
Mr. Kerb was not one of the intellectual
giants of the day, he was a man of
strong sense, and what was more in these
days of corruption, of sterling honesty.
He came forth from a Congressional in
vestigation pure and unspotted. Even
the most bitter of his political opponents
have confessed that his character was
unblemished. Mr. Kerb was the first
Democratic Speaker of the House since
the war, and as snch won the commen
dation of both parties. The following
extracts show in what esteem he was
held by the oountry:
Mr. Kerb bore his long and severe affliction
with heroic patience, and retained his intel
lectual faculties till the last. He dies poor,
not the worst of proof that he has been hones
in his pnblic life. In him the pariy to whioh
he belonged loses one of its brightest leaders
and mod prudent counselors.— Chicago Inter-
Ocean, Rep.
******
Mr. Kerb’s course as Speaker, in the ordi
nary du ies of the office, was in every way
honorable to him, and went a good ways in
wiping out the impression whioh the extreme
and sometimes bitter quality of his early par
tisanship had left. His purity of motive and
his tineerity will be gladly remembered by
both parties.— N. Y. Times, Rep.
* * * * * .
The late Speaker Kerb leaves behind him
the memory of a painstaking and conscientious
legislator, who maintained his character un
sullied, and kept his sense unblunted at a time
when loose notions of official obligation pre
vailed about him. It is a good reputation to
leave. — New York Sun, Rein.
******
The announcement of the death Ot Speaker
Kerb, althongh it has been anticipated for
weeks, and even for months, will be read with
profound regret by all of his countrymen. In
many ways he had endeared himself to the
people of the United States. It was known
that under a oold exterior he carried a warm
heart and an almost impulsive nature. No
man was truer in his friendships, none more
ardent in any cause which he espoused, and
nane more earnest in seeking to know his duty
and in doing it. He was not a man to conceal
his opinions to gain votes or to fail in his duty
lest he should lose friends. Asa Democratic
leader he had comparatively little influence
upon the fortunes of- his party, but had he en
tered upon his Speakership in health and lived
to enjoy that good age which his earlier years
seemed to promise he might have made an im
portant figure in our history. As it is he leaves
a bright memory behind him. His public ca
reer is without a blemish. His honesty was
proverbial, his public acts were pure and
straightforward and his ambition was unselfish.
Nothing that was mean or truokling or cow
ardly was ever .imputed to him, and when the
tongue of slander impugned the rectitude of a
single act in his public life his vindication was
immediate and complete. Disease interposed
to snatch from him the enjoyment of his well
earned honors, and death came through much
suffering. As he lay in agony through all the
bright days of Summer he saw the bright
world, which he knew had still much in store
for him could he have lived, slowly fadiug
from his sight, but he awaited the end with a
fortitude and resignation which must be re
garded as his crowning glory. His example
is all the brighter because in its personal and
demonstrative aspects his life was noble as his
public career was pure and unsullied.— New
York Herald, Ind.
THE BOOMERANG ORDER.
The Washington correspondent of the
Boston fost writes: “Secretary Came
ron's order to Gen. Sherman is receiv
ing universal condemnation here from
Democrats and Republicans alike. The
Western Republicans are very mneb
troubled and vexed abont it. They say
the ‘bloody shirt’ business is played out
in the West, and this order will lose the
Republicans more votes in Indiana and
Ohio than it can possibly gain in the
Sonth. A prominent Western Republi
can Senator declared to-day that the or
der would prove a boomerang and react
npon their party.”
This view is corroborated by the cor
respondent of the Springfield Republi
can, as follows: “Secretary Cameron’s
order to Gen. Sherman is receiving
much comment here, mostly adverse.
Some prominent Western Republicans
have declared, to-day, that it will lose
the party more votes at the North than
it will gain in the Sonth, and will have a
bad influence on the October States.”
Gen. Sherman is quoted as saying
that no troeps will be transferred to the
Sonth until a proper requisition is made
by the Executive of a State.
Prence Louis Napoleon, the Wool
wich cadet, is a pet of Victoria’s.
Robert Browning writes, “ Things
rarely go on smoothly at rehearsal,”
meaning life’s preparation for Heaven. If
this were shown to the Mash Tubs it
would be a consolation.
Immediately after the war closed and
the South was subjugated and submis
sive, General Grant said, “ Let us have
peace.” And now when we have peace
he belies the record then made, and de
clares for war. And Hayes endorses
the Administration.
Grant and Hayes proclaim through a
military order that the people shall not
change their rulers. That sacred right
is denied to the freemen of this coun
try. Bat it is the proclamation of des
pair and guilt and desperation. The
people have decided upon a change, and
Samuel J. Tilden will be the next Pre
sident.
While the Servians are steadily get
ting the worst of it in their encounters
with the Turks, the Montenegrins inva
riably come off victorious in their bat
tles with the followers of the crescent.
According to Montenegrin accounts—
which we have before spoken of as gene
rally trustworthy in their reports of Tur
kish losses, though reticent as to their
own—the Turks made a movement
against the Kutchi, a tribe allied with
the Montenegrins, who live on the east
ern side of Montenegro. The Entchi
and Montenegrins united, defeated the
Turks, and drove them back to Podo
gritza, where they were protected by
their artillery. The Turkish invad
ing force was estimated at 20,000, and
according to Montenegrin accounts the
Turkish lobs was 8,000. Whilst the
Montenegrins were thus successful, the
Servians were being outflanked and
driven back in the northwestern part of
their province. As it now looks, should
interposition of the great powers take
place the utmost Servia could expect
would be the restoration to its position
before the war, whilst Montenegro would
have an excellent prospect of absorbing
Herzegovina, whiah is the real object of
its demonstration.
WALK ALL A.
General Hampton In the Vlll**e—The People
Areneed.
[Special Correspondence Chronicle and Sentinel .]
Walhalla, S. C., August 20. —This
nsnahy quiet little town was all life yes
terday. General Hampton arrived here
from Columbia and was met at the de
pot by the brass band and an enthusias
tic crowd that escorted him to the hotel.
After tea he was serenaded and loudly
called on for a speech. He said that ail
along the railroad from Colombia the
people had cheered him, and his heart
was deeply tonohed by the demonstra
tion. He had neither sought nor de
sired the position; his object bad been
to avoid office, but since his fellow
countrymen had chosen him to bear the
precious standard of his beloved State,
he wonld make every saorifioe to lead
her to victory, and if his efforts were
blessed with snccess no dishonor should
stain its folds. Should he live to see
the State freed from the miserable horde
that had despoiled her, and witness once
more her prosperity, the dearest wish of
his life wonld be .realized. He said the
day of compromise and concession was
over, and the time had come when the
sons of Carolina most rale the noble
old Commonweiihh again at any and at
every risk. He assured the colored citi
zens that they would be equally pro
tected, for he would know no race, but
fearlessly and faithfully execute the
laws. He begged them to help him to
drive from the State those who for po
litical capital and personal greed had
stirred np bad feling between the races,
and who were responsible for the Ham
burg massacre. He wonld go himself
from the mountains to the seaboard, but
every man must do his duty, and victory
would surely orow their efforts in No
vember.
Gen. Hampton concluded amid the
cheers of the crowd and the few Geor
gians, who stood nsir the speaker joined
heartily, while the band played Dixie.
It was impossible not to feel a glow of
enthusiasm for the cause, and ainoere
faith in the invincibility of great princi
ples so nobly vindicated. Happy Caro
lina to have so brave a son, who is will
ing to serve her! Courage, men of a
long-suffering and sorely striokeu State,
and be sure if yon are true to yourselves
a great future awaits yon !
The people seem to be aroused and
determined, and ii Oconee county is
any reflex of the State, there will be a
large Democratic majority. God grant
it.
Resting under the the cool shadows of
the beautiful blue mountains, it is diffi
cult to realize that jour Thero’ is high
in the nineties. Here we need no ice, for
we have delightfnllj oold water in abun
dance, always a fresh land breeze and
delioious nights, wiih the chirp of the
Katy-dids to lull usto sleep instead of
mosqnitoes.
* This pretty Jittle German town has
many attractions—! beer garden with
Summer houses and fountains, a magni
ficent mountain view, including Ball,
Chimney Top, Whitesides, Caesar’s
Head, etc. Newberrt College is here,
a large female tohool, and four
churches. We haw also beantiful
Virives and fine horses. The hotel is
large, clean and well kept. The fare is
excellent and abnndant, the servants at
tentive and polite. Far a quiet, cool re
sort, not so seclnded but we may oatch
the echoes of the busy world, Walhalla
takes the palm.
The Chronicle and Sentinel is a
great favorite here and has many friends;
but how could it be otherwise ? Where
could there be a braver, truer vindicator
of the motto of our grand old State ?
Justice, Wisdom and Moderation are
your counsellors. Long may yon pros
per. Georgia.
THE RADICAL POW WOW IN ORANGE
BURG.
[Special Correspondence Chronicle and Sentinel.]
Early on the morning of the 19th inst.,
the crowd of dusky ratifloaters of Hayes
and Wheeler commenced pouring into
town, representing every kue known to
man, from the deepest black, taking in
the pink eyed, grey headed Albino as
you go along, to the light ginger bread,
dandified, beaver covered mulatto, and
every grade of physiogiomy from the
Gorrilla and Chimpanzee to the Afrieo-
American negro—features any one of
which would have gracid well the great
American museum of Barnum. A sprink
ling of white brethren airived the night
before. Chamberlain tame on the 12
o’olock train and was taken in charge by
the Websters of .Agricultural College
notoriety, and proceeded at once to the
stand, whioh was aboat one quarter of a
mile from the village proper. He was
invited here'by the “Irooly loil," and
was the first speaker. Ere he had said
many words he was interrupted by a
mean., contemptible, self-convicted thief
who was joined by t few other jackalls,
hyenas and fice dogi of the party, with
a sprinkling of paraites, who, fattening
upon the corruptim of Moses’ reign,
like maggots in a dad horse, are now
out of pocket and wating for something
to tarn up to their adrantage. They suc
ceeded in driving Gbmberlain from the
stand with a whole kst of vituperative
epithets, which woud have graced well
the lowest brothels n the lowest sinks
of London. It was a hame and acknowl
edge so by the resjeotable portion of
the party, among ihom were several
darkies, who, apprecating the injustice,
said that if they did tot respect the man
they should respectehe office whioh he
holds.
Elliott followed Chamberlain, and
would have no doub broke oat in a ti
rade of red-hot abue had he not been
kept in check by tie well directed in
terrogatories of Capain James F. Izlar.
He afterwards ackowledged that his
speech would have been anything bat
conservative had it :ot been for Captain
Izlar. Upon the wble, be was well re
ceived by all parties
Mackey (E. W.M.)ollowednext.buthis
reasoning was so shllow that even the
most ignorant negnes saw through it,
and wanted to kmw “ how about the
Freedman’s Savins Bank swindle,”
which he did not udertake to elucidate.
He paid deserved ompliments to Wade
Hampton as he wee along. So also did
Elliott. The lesseciights now came in,
bat brought out n&hing new. Crimi
nation and recrimination now being the
order of the day, fed Anderson gained
the floor, and, aittongh a row seemed
imminent, he male himself master of
the situation. The redoubtable Ben
Byas tried to be hiard, but Ned held his
position and closel or rather broke up
the meeting in due Radical form. The
blacks seemed to bi very indifferent as
to the speaking. Maty of them did not
leave the streets, and even at the stand
they were talking of omething entirely
different. There wa no cheering, and
I heard a great manywell to do looking
darkeys say that ther had been caught
once too often by jus such chaff to al
low any one to stick heir fingers in their
eyes again. There s not the zeal of
other days among then. They are ripe
for the Democratic larvest; reapers are
what we need, and f the trne men of
the State will but pit their shoulders
to the wheel the Stke can be carried
with an overwhelms; majority for Gen.
Wade Hampton this ?all. Lux.
LINCOLN IOPNTY.
Interesting Aerlenlsral Statistics,
We are indebted toMr. J. B. Bentley,
Receiver of Tax Bdums for Lincoln
oounty, for the followng in reference to
agricultural statistics in that county :
Crops produced inß7s—Com, 173,238
bushels; wheat, 5,842, oats, 21,427; cow
peas, 2,259; fodder, 1,061,400 pounds;
cotton, 3,996 bales; ttbacco, 75 pounds;
sweet potatoes, 11,52 bushels; Irish
potatoes, 115 bushels : dried fruit,
126 bushels; honey, 2337 pounds; cotton
cloth, 165 yards; woofen cloth, 167 yards.
Crops planted in 1176—Acres in com,
10,648; wheat, 1,839 oats, 5,586; cow
peas, 3,521; cotton, 11,682; sugar cane,
2; sorghum, 8; gronne peas, 1; sweet po
tatoes, 441; melons, l; orchards, 688;
horses and males, 1,2)7; jacks and jen
nies, 2; work oxen, 161; milk cows, 1,341;
dry cattle, 2,111: whde number of bogs,
4,176; number to be killed next Winter,
2,334, sheep, 2,128; goats, 400; dogs,
1,205; sheep killed by dogs, 72; stands
of bees, 682; grown pmltry, 9,536; farm
laborers for wages, 109; farm .laborer'
on rented land, 559; cropping on shares,
440; white laborers, 115; black laborers,
1,203; 1,652 acres enclosed for pastor
age; whole number of acres nnder fence,
69,726.
About six hundred Icelanders reached
Dnlutb on Wednesday, bound for Lake
Winnipeg. An effort was made, says
the St. Paul Pioneer-Ere**, to induce
them to settle in Minnesota, bat they
don’t like tropical countries, and prefer
to go on to the far North. The Iceland
ers came by steamers through the lakes,
and will go by rail to Moonhead, and
1 thence down the Bed river.
STATE HORTICULTURISTS.
ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT BERCK
MANB.
Objects *f the Seclety—Fruit*—Production of
Healthy Tree*—Selection* of Varieties and
Requisites of Good Fruit.
At the recent meeting of the State
Horticultural Society, at Macon, Presi
dent BerckmaDs took the Chair, and ad
dressed the Convention npon a topic
which he had evidently studied careful
ly. The following is
Mr. Berckinaas* Address.
The necessity for the establishment of
an association of fruit growers and other
persons enlisted in the pursuit of horti
culture and its various branches has be
come mere and more apparent amidst
the rapid advance of the arts and
scienoes of the period.
Previous to 1860 Georgia possessed
suoh an organization, but pomology be
ing then numbered among the almost
unknown pursuits throughout the South,
the then existing society was composed
of but a few members, who assembled
onee a year and brought together sam
ples of the various fruits then in culti
vation, Beyond a social reunion of a
few kindred spirits and some informal
conversation relating to the fruits ex
hibited, no practical results were de
rived from this assembling. The last
meeting of the organization took place
in Athens on July 31st, 1860, when 311
lots of fruits, consisting of 200 distinct
varieties, were exhibited. Owing to
causes whioh prostrated every agricultu
ral and horticultural progress in onr
State, the then existing “Pomologioal
Society of Georgia” had to discontinue
its annual reunion.
With the return of more prosperons
times an effort was made to reorganize
the association, but after one meeting,
which promised snccess in the future,
no further efforts were made to keep the
society alive.
Aware of the continually increasing
value of the fruit crop of Georgia and
the necessity of fostering the important
sources of onr husbandry, by combined
action of those interested at its pursuit,
a few zealous cultivators resolved to
make another attempt to arrive at the
desired result.
How far these persevering efforts have
been successful may be seen from the
extent of this assembly and the spirit
which animates its members. We are
assembled for the purpose of advancing
one of the important producing inter
ests of our State, we feel mutually
pledged that in thus coming together we
forget all motives benefiting our per
sonal interest beyond that share, which
the progress of fruitgrowing will eventu
ally bring to us in common, with all
those who judiciously follow the pur
suit.
Object* ot the Soaiety.
As set forth in the charter, under
whorie provisions this Association is now
organized, its first object is stated to be,
“The promotion and encouragement of
the science of horticulture in all is
blanches, by the most feasible means.”
The most practical method to arrive
at this result may be stated in brief as
follows :
First—To compare the fruits from the
various localities and zones of our State,
with a view of determining their merits—
whether profitable as market fruits or
for home consumption.
Second To determine the most de
sirable methods of cultivation, pruning,
and variety of soil best adapted to par
ticular varieties.
Third—To elicit and diffuse horticul
tural information from the members of
this association.
Fourth—To simplify fruit oulture by
publishing or otherwise disseminating
the best methods of cultivation of the
different classes of fruit, by adopting a
catalogue of the best varieties suited to
the main geographical and geological di
visions of Georgia.
Fifth—To adopt a correct nomenolat
lire of fruits by dotorminiug tbb uyuo
nims by whioh the same fruit is known
in different sections of the oountry, and
to admit for general culture only such
varieties as are known to possess supe
rior merits, or come within a standard
of classification to be hereafter determin
ed and adopted by this society.
Sixth—To improve our native varie
ties of fruits.
Seventh—To give aid to all legitimate
and useful inventions or systems calcu
lated to advance the progress of horti
culture, and denounce all and every
method, specific, formula or theory
which emenate from ignorant or inter
ested persons, whose baneful influences,
or barren results, only retard fruit cul
ture, and whose object is only to de
prive the unsuspecting of some hard
earned money.
Eighth—To cultivate and maintain a
cordial spirit of intercc urae among hor
ticulturists.
These are mere outlines of what shonld
be effected by this organization. As
time rolls by, new and nsefnl knowledge
will be brought before the world and
add to the already vast field in whioh we
may benefit onr pursuit.
Progress pf Pomology In Georgia.
Among the Southern States, Georgia
has unquestionably taken the lead in
fruit culture of ■ late years. Still the
ratio of its progress has not been snch
as its great productive resources shonld
warrant. The cause lays at the same
source whioh has for several generations
impeded the progressive culture of many
valuable but neglected products. The
all cotton producing policy was death to
all innovations in agriculture and pom
ology, and was naturally not considered
then worthy the attention of the pro
ducer of the great staple. With a total
disruption of our labor system, it was
natural that a revolution must take
place in our agricnltnral routine, and,
farming upon a smaller scale followed
as a natural consequence of this change
in our labor, So began the necessity of
diversifying onr crops. Fruit growing,
which to the ootton planter was a secon
dary matter, became one of great solici
tude to the farmer, and we may say that
fruit growing has really begun in earn
est in onr State within the past ten years.
A quarter of a century ago a few
zealous amateur pomologists began to
collect the then improved new seedling
fruits and to disseminate them among
their friends, bat the facilities for pro
pagating, then within reach, were limit
ed, and numbers of afterwards well
known and popular sorts Remained un
known, except in a few localities. Then
the methods of reprodneing fruits were
restricted to growing from seed. Few
persons knew the art of budding or
grafting, aid this caused an increase in
the number of onr native varities of
frnits.
These native fruits being to the manor
born and suited to the climate, yielded,
as a rale, large crops of fruit, and the
trees then planted, being grown from
seed, were vigorous and long lived.
With increased facilities of commer
cial intercourse, fruit trees were intro
duced from the Northern States and
from Europe, but as the majority of the
varieties were unsuited to our climate,
failures began to be more frequent. Un
suitable varieties and defective or dis
eased trees soon flooded the country,
the glowing descriptions of the fruits
given by the speculators to the purchas
ers turned into deception, Winter ap
ples, or varieties that were represented
as such, did not perfect their fruit, and
dropped from the tree in mid-Summer:
the luscious pears which were promised
turned ont to be little better than green
persimmons, currants, gooseberries,
from which the most abundant crops
were expected, passed out of existence
with the Summer that saw the growth of
their first leaves. It was natural that
discouragement should ensue, and then
fruit culture received a severe check and
the country sustained a severe loss in
its products. A reaotion has happily
taken place of late years, as the oauses
of .these failures have become apparent.
Still we are only beginning to learn, and
much remains to be accomplished. The
climate of Georgia is wonderfully di
versified; no other State of the South
possesses equal advantages in producing
the olasses of fruits we have within our
selves.
In our mountain region we may suc
cessfully cultivate many of the Winter
apples of the North, as well as several
classes of fruit unsuited to the middle
region. The coast belt, and the lower
sections of the State bordering Florids,
give us opportunities to cultivate several
sub-tropical varieties of fruits. We can
produce mature peaches and pearß in
the lower section of the State almost
as early as they can be forced to maturi
ty under glass in New York; and our
upper region can produce apples which
will keep sound until <he following
year’s crop is ready for nse. With
peaches in May and apples all the year
round, we have shown our producing ca
pacity so far as an uninterrupted supply
of fruit. Ten years ago our markets
were almost bare of fruit except during
the peach season; a few baskets of small
strawberries or a few bunches of grapes
oonld scarcely find a purchaser. Now,
there are hundreds of small farmers in
the neighborhood of our small towns
who derive a profitable income from the
growing of their frnits. Not only has
the cultivation of fruits brought an in
creased, source of inoome to our farmers,
but added greatly to the health of onr
people, not mentioning the refining in
fluence whioh horticulture brings in its
pursuit. As said before, we are only at
the beginning of this progressive era ;
the path of the beginner shonld be re
lieved of obstacles ; the learned in this
pursuit should have increased facilities
to improve their method of cultivation,
and thereby increase their producing
capaoity. To the fulfilling of these ob
jects we are here assembled. Onr re
ward may not, and doubtless will not to
most of ns, consist of an increase of dol
lars and cents in our yearly incomes,
but it will surely be ample in the satis
faction of having aided in the develop
ment of onr hitherto negleoted branches
of husbandry.
Improvement of Fruits.
In the improvement of onr native
fruits lays one of the main elements of
success of the future of fruit-growing in
Georgia, and onr organization shonld
give this matter its greatest solioitnde.
We have several types of peaohes and
grapes which, from time immemorial,
have been recognized as superior in their
excellence. These types are susceptible
of still farther improvement, as we have
the means within our hands. Two dis
tinct methods can be resorted to: The
first or natural theory is progressive im
provement, \ftiioh is attained by sowing
the seeds of the most perfect fruits of
the most vigorous trees or vines. This
theory formed the basis of Van Mon’s
wonderful success. We are quite sure
that by selecting judioiously the seed of
onr best peaohes, apples, pears or grapes,
that their offsprings will, in most in
stances, improve upon their parents.
But to arrive at this result one should
study the peouliar habits of the variety
experimented upon, and to seleot from
the successive sowings only suoh trees
as possess the requisite traits whioh we
aim to improve or perfect. This method
of progressive improvement is connected
with natural laws whioh govern the vege
table world, the most strking being the
law of Reversion, which causes the pro
duct of an improved frnit to suddenly
vert to the original wild and uneatable
type.
This law is one of those provisions of
Providence from whose wisdom man
shonld reap knowledge and retain the
lesson it conveys. A fruit is suscepti
ble of attaining a certain degree of per
fection, when to go further must end in
a diseased tree or imperfeot seed, and
consequent extinction of the race. When
this point of perfection has been reach
ed, nature steps in and by its saving in
fluence brings the offspring back to vig
or and longevity by assimilating its frnit
to the original small and scarcely edible
fruit from which its parents started their
progressive ascent. They may be term
ed self-preservation.
The second method is the artificial, or
that of oross impregnation or hybridiz
ing. This latter term, although perhaps
not fully appropriate in this instance, is
still admitted by oommon consent as de
fining the theory. By the method we
may expect more certain results and in
a given space of time in certain fruits
than by the previous method which is
slow in giving its results in some fruits,
but with early bearing classes as peaoh
es, grapes, eto., well worthy the atten
tion of our amateurs. When resorting
to hybridizing or oross fertilizing, we
aim to prodace fruits combining several
oeculiarities possessed only by several
i ndividuals and which we desire to give
to their offspring. For instance, to pro
duce a pear having the size of the Duch
esse d’Angouleme with the exquisite
quality of the Seokle, a grape combining
the excellence of Delaware with the size
of the Hamburg ana tUe vigorous
growth of onr muscadines. While this
method is often very successful in a few
classes of fruits as in grapes, still there
are many hidden causes whioh prevent
a snecessful result in the producing at
will of certain varieties of pears, apples
or peaches. These preventives to a suc
cessful result are among the following:
Operating at an unfavorable phase of
the infloresenee, either before the exaot
development of the flower or after the
organs have passed the proper stage to
receive the pollen; accidental impregna
tion produced after or before the artifi
cial operation, either by insects or
through the air; disproportions of the
pollen grannies with the channel of the
style. This is often the main oause of
failqre ; the granules being too large to
pass' through the style end thus reach
the ovary. The last may be oalled in
compatibility between the varieties.
We have stated that among onr peaohes
and grapes there exist certain well defin
ed types whioh have become very popu
lar, and been extensively disseminated.
These types have retained peculiar traits
which distinguish them from others,
and although cultivated promiscuously
with other frnits of the same family, re
tain and transmit their peculiarities to
their offsprings wit 4 bqt alight modifi
cations. Among these types we have in
peaches the lemon and heatholing, the
Indian and the Melacotoon; the three
first named, however, are the most tran
scendent in their characteristics. In
grapes we have the Labrusca, or fox
grape, CEstivalis, or Summer grape,
Oordifolium or frost grape, Rotqndifo
lia, or the muscadine. Eaoh type is es
sentially distinct in its growth, foliage,
size, shape and taste of fruit, as found in
its primitive habit remains unchanged
or very slightly modified in its offsprings.
As demonstrated by Dr. A. P. Wylie, of
Sonth Carolina, who has achieved won
derful results in cross-fertilizing grapes,
the pollen granules of the Labrusca and
GBitivalis are too large to pass through
the style of the Rotuncifolia. Hence
the difficulty be bad to contend with in
producing hybrid varieties of the Sjoup
psrnong.
Again, we find that the Fiost grape,
or Oordifolium, blooms muck aarder
than either the Labrusca or (Estivalis,
which prevents accidental cross-impreg
nations. The pollen of Labrusca seem
to be anti-pathetic to the CEstiralis.
Hence the rare hybrids whioh have been
found or produced among these types of
one natural family.
Among the types of peaches referred
to, a series of observations has shown
me that the pollen granules of nearly all
our other peaches, especially the white
and yellow fleshed freestones, were too
large to reseh the ovary of the W
ana Heatholing and the Indian varie
ties. In this we find the secret of their
retaining their family traits, and the
regularity with whioh they reproduce
identically from seed.
The field for experimenting in cress
fertilizing is so large, so instructive and
valuable in its results, as to leave no ex
cuse to the progressive horticulturist to
neglect it. As we progress, we become
more and more fascinated in watohing
the results of well planned experiments.
From the judicious cross fertilizing of
our good fruits depends the future pro
gress of our pomological products and
the increased pecuniary results to the
fruit grower.
The pomologist, whether as a matter
of pleasure or a source of profit, when
planting a tree, expects to reap from it
numerous and annually increasing crops
of fruit, His first objeot should, then,
be to see that the tree possesses the
necessary elements whioh will insure
these desired results. These conditions
may be summed np thus:
Health and freedom from eonstita
tional disease.
Hardiness, as power to resist the cli
matic changes, such as heat, cold, drouth.
Fertility, or power of producing frnit.
Vigor of growth—which combine, also,
good habit of growth and persistency of
retaining its foliage.
Trees combining these requisites are
alone susceptible of bringing successful
results. If a tree is defective in its con
stitution, whether from deficiency of
roots, inherited weakness inherent in
some varieties, or from other oanses, it
will comparatively sooner be destroyed
by a change of locality or soil, or other
uncongenial oanses, than a tree which is
free from these detects. If a tree is not
able to withstand either the extreme
heat of Bummer or the cold of our Win
ters without showing abnormal phases
in its growth, it is not hardy and is nn
snited.
Many otherwise vigorous trees show a
defect in casting their foliage before the
frnit is fully perfected. This is always
a sign of some constitntional defect, and
varieties affecting this habit should be
rejected. Defective habit of growth is
also to be discarded. Many of onr good
fruits, otherwise desirable, cannot be
profitably cultivated from some peculiar
defect which renders them nnflt for the
professional frnit grower. Constitution
al defects affecting some varieties are
without remedy, bat mnch depends
upon the manner in which the tree has
$2 A YEAR—POSTAGE PAID.
been produced. A tree grown from
seed will perhaps have some advantages
upon one grown from a cutting, layer or
piece of root; the former may not have
the precooions bearing of the latter or
the exoellenoe of its frnit, but it will
surpass it in vigor, fertility and longev
ity. Hence, when selecting trees for
planting permanent orchards, one must
see that the stocks npon whioh his apple
and peach trees are grafted were healthy
and hardy seedlings and not mutilated
roots, suokers or rooted layers. These
rules hold good for all standard trees.
When planting dwarf trees, especially
pears, we must see that the trees evince
a vigorous growth, whioh is the best evi
dence that the variety has the necessary
affinity required with the stock upon
which it is grafted, and that the latter
has been properly grown. Above all,
let trees intended for planting be vonng
m years. A serious cause for failure
and premature decay is the transplant
ing of three or four years old trees,
which, having become well established,
must necessarily have their roots severe
ly mutilated. The oheck which they
thus receive often lays the foundation
for constitutional disease and conse
qnent failure and loss. The most suc
cessful frnit growers seldom transplant
a tree above one year after being graft
ed; its roots may in a manner be taken
up without loss, and when thus trans
planted, at an early period of growth,
its economy is not disturbed and its lon
gevity as well as fertility are secured.
Selections of Yarietics and Reoyisitee of
Good Fruit*.
In this one must be guided by the ul
timate results expected, having always
in view the peculiar conditions of soil,
locality and climate. Many fruitful
sources of failure arise from iDiudioious
selections of varieties, and while the
tree may combine many of the requisites
named previously, still the fruit may be
oome unprofitable or worthless from pe
culiarities arising from uncongenial cli
mate, soil or locality. Many varieties of
frnits, whioh in oertain sections of the
continent attain to the highest point of
perfection lose those qualities when
brought in zones where the climate con
ditions are uncongenial to their devel
opment. Henoe it is quite easy to grow
healthy trees here of manv of tfie popu
lar Winter apples of the North, but it is
impossible to perfect their fruit. Our
trees of the Vicar of Winkfield and
Louise Bonne de Jersey pear grow
thriftily and are very productive, still
the fruit produoed is seldom eatable.
Again, a certain variety of pear, apple,
peach or grape may possess merits which
make it desirable to cultivate for home
use, but it may lack one peouliar merit
whioh is a requisite to make it a popular
and profitable market fruit. This ac
counts for the rather restricted number
of truly valuable market fruits in the
several classes we possess. Among
pears, although the list of known sorts
surpasses the number of J.OfiO, we have
as far tried bflt a dogen kinds which will
remunerate the commercial fruitgrower.
In strawberries there is nothing that wili
surpass the Wilson’s Albany, although
we see every year numerous new varie
ties announced with sufficient flourish of
trumpets to make them at once super
sede t very heretofore known sort. In
drapes the Oonoord, Delaware and Hart
ford, although now ranking as veterans
in our nomenclature are still relied upon
for good res nits.
Iu selecting varieties of fruits, pre
ference should always be given to such
as have yielded the best results under
general cultivation, and they become es
pecially valuable when they have alrea
dy been tried and found good in|aoils,
situation and climate, similar to that in
whiofi tfiey are to be planted. Our im
proved native Southern fruits are there
fore the source from which we must
look for the best results, excepting in
the case of pears and sbme grapes of
whioh this section has, heretofore, not
prodnqed varieties equal to imported
kinds, whioh have become acclimated
by protracted cultivation. Th.
suea or a good fruit are quality, size,
color, form and durability.
The quality must be judged from its
flavor, juice, texture and aroma, these
points, more or less marked, determine
its standard of quality. Size, aolor and
form are important to a greater or lesser
degree as to the particular fruit and its
use. While a bright color, fine size and
regular form are absolutely necessary in
a popular market fruit, these are not
so muoh needed in a fruit intended for
home consumption if quality predomi
nates. Durability refers to the keeping
qualities as well as resistance against
distant carriage. Durability is especial
ly needed in late Fall and Winter fruits,
and apply also to Summer fruit so far
as their capacity to remain sound a long
time after being gathered. The carry
ing capaoity is a main requisite in fruits
raised at distant points from market.—
If too easily bruised by handling they
are worthless for shipping, although of
highest merit for home consumption.
Snch, for instance, as early Harvest ap
ples and Amelia peach, both ranking as
first as regards quality, size, color and
form, they lacking durability and be
come unfit to be grown for market if the
latter is af uny distant point.
In reviewing the most important ob
jects which oqr association has under
taken to promote, there are many minor
topics which are left unmentioned. And
as we progress in our work many other
subjects will arise which will require
your attention, again others will be sug
gested throngh your wisdom, to ulti
mately perfect a plan of work whioh will
result iu accomplishing the aim of the
Georgia Horticultural Society.
THE senatorial CONTENTION.
Hon. John T. Shewmake, of Richmond,
Nominated—Harmonious Action.
[Special Telegram to the Chronicle and Sentinel]
Bartow, Jefferson County, Ga , Au
gust 23.—The Convention met at eleven
o’clock, a. m. Hon. M. J. Carswell, of
Richmond, wa* elected President. —
Fofty-seven hallots were cost. Glascock
nominated Mr. Kitchens, Jefferson mak
ing no nomination. Richmond nomi
uated Hon, Jno, T. Shewmake. Up to
the forty-seventh ballot the vote stood :
Richmond six for Shewmake, Jefferson
‘?“ r for Kitehens, Glascock two for
tap enß ‘ Ou tho forty-seventh ballot
oame forward, and through J.
H. Follhiu, Esq., one oi tne aeiegauuu,
after an*eloqnent speech, cast the vote
of Jefferson for Shewmake, thereby
nominating him. The utmost harmony
prevailed. R. J. Wilson,
Chairman Richmond Cos. Delegation.
imtKQAD ACCIDENTS.
Trains Wrecked in Maryland—A Bridge
Give* Way an the New Orleans and Jack
son Railroad-
Baltimore, August 23.—i freight
train from Philadelphia on the Phila
delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore
Railroad, bound sonth, broke an axle
□ear fclemmer’s Run, nine miles from
Baltimore, at 3 o’clock "this afternoon,
eansing a wreck. A coal oil lamp was
upset, and the wreck took fire. Several
cars were burned, among which were
two new passenger cars, built at Wil
mington for the Royal Land Company
oi Virginia. These were in charge of
James A. Shoen, of Wilmington, on
their way to Fredericksburg, Va., for
delivery to the company. No one was
hurt, but Shoen states that he was
jammed closely in a oar, and would have
been burned but for his rescue by ne
groes, who released him. Trains from
the North, inelnding the night express
passenger from New York, were de
tained by the wreck, as ws the 2, a. m.,
freight train from Baltimore for Phila
delphia. While this latter was on the
track the 6:55 passenger train from Bal
timore for Philadelphia, came on, and
in the absence of warning or signal,
dashed into the rear of the freight train.
It is said no passengers were injured by
the collision. Thos. Street, the Adams
Express messenger; Willie Abercrombie,
the Baltimore News Company’s messen
ger, and the fireman were slightly in
jured, receiving flesh wounds. Some
eight or ten trains were detained.
Jackson, Misa, August 23.—An acci
dent to the sonth bound passenger train
on the New Orleans and Jackson Rail
road occurred near Tugaloo, eight miles
sonth of here, at 8 o’clock this morning.
The bridge gave way, making a complete
wreck of the train. Four persons were
killed and sixteen wounded, five or six
seriously. Very heavy rains yesterday
afternoon and last night raised the oreek
unusually high and suddenly, and no
doubt weakened the foundation of the
bridge. Some of the passengers lost
their baggage.
Tke California Grangers.
San Francisco, Augnst 23. The
Grangers’ Convention, to devise means
to break' up the so-oalled grain ring,
last evening passed resolutions to sell
no wheat in this market for less than
$1 65 per cental, and made arrange
ments for shipping grain on their own
acoount.
I NORTH CAROLINA.
I
The Crops—Politic*.
! Editors Chronicle and Sentinel :
Charlotte, N. C., August 18, 1876.
Charlotte is a city of eight thousand
inhabitants and does a large wholesale
trade. While here your traveling cor
respondent visited quite a number of
business men. Among these I called on
Messrs. Burwell & Springs, grocery and
commission merchants. From ail ap
pearances they do a large business.
They deserve to be liberally patronized.
They are making preparations for their
hall trade, as are many others. Char
lotte has two first olass hotels, whioh
would be a credit to any city. The Cen
tal Hotel is a fine, large brick house,
with large rooms. The proprietor is a
gentleman that all visitors will feel muoh
at home with. All visitors who may
stop with H. O. Ecoles will be much
pleased. The Charlotte Hotel is kept
by Mr. J. Hollis & Son, M. O. W. Bad
ger, olerk. Mr. Hollis is from the old
Palmetto State. His house is first class
and his oharges reasonable. His house
at all times has from twenty to twenty
five guests, which speaks well for it. All
persons who stop with the jovial pro
pnator of the Charlotte will feel that
they are in good hands. There are also
here four papers, Daily Observer.:
Weekly Democrat and Daily Bulletin
edited by an old patriot from South
Carolina. The Bulletin is ably gotten
up. The editor, Mr. E. H. Britton, is
too well known among newspaper men
for him not to get a fine paper out.
rhere is also the Southern Home, editor
-D. H. Hill; assistant
editor, R. A. Shot well, a young gentle
man with rare ability and a fine writer.
General D. H. Hill many of our South
ern boys will be glad to hear, is looking
well and is devoting his time to his paper.
General Hill is an able, fearless writer
vindicating the truth of Southern his
tory. The Southern Home, is a large
paper, published weekly, filled with
ohoioe reading matter. The Guberna
torial race in North Carolina is warming
up - Governor Vance, the popular man
S ‘? te > > s Stamping the State with
Settles, the Radical candidate. Everv
one seems sure of the result, for the
people a-e working like one man, forming
Vanoe Clubs all over the State. At the
polls, m November next, it will tell bv
a large majority for Vanoe. The news
of the nomination of Gen. Hampton, of
South Carolina, gives great sat sfaction.
the South Carolina people now have it
m their power to elect Hampton if they
do their duty, and hurl from office the
thievts and rasoals that, now hold them
rbd people of Charlotte during the
Hamburg excitement looked with great
eagerness for the Chronicle and Senti
nel when it would arrive. Every
one wanted to get it first, as ail consider
up in this country and along the great
Air Line through South Carolina what
it contained as the oorrect report of all
that happened in that unhappy occur
reace. The crops, as far as I can learn
in North Carolina, are good. Through
North Carolina and South Carolina,
along the Air Line, they look well. N,.*
Tb© Catholic Church and the Public School
8y stein.
[From the Cincinnati Catholic Telegraph ]
Declaration to the People of' the United
State*.
Enemies of the Catholic Churoh as
serfc that the bishops and clergy of the
Catholic Church are hostile to the pub
lie schools of the country, and are
leagued together to destroy them.
Amenoans I read our declaration and
learn our true sentiments:
1. The Catholic bishops and clergy
have no intention whatever to interfere
with your publio sohool system. Build
as many schools as you wish, we wiil
never say a word against it, and we will
leave to yourselves the oare of your own
children.
2. You wish your schools to be free
f*om all religious influence; in other
words, you wish them not to be section
al or sectarian in any case. The Epis
copate of the Catholic Church says in
this regard : Do with your children as
you please.
3. We Oatholios, on the other hand,
are under the conviction that children
are sent to school, not only to be form
ed into oitizens, but also and especially
to be educated into good men and good
Christians, and our churoh believes, in
all earnest, with Guizot, the celebrated
Protestant statesman of Franoe, that
education can by no means be separat
ed from religious influence. Therefore,
whilst leaving your schools and their
management peacefully in your own
hands, we claim the right of having
schools of our own, from which religion
shall not be exoluded, but be allowed to
exeroiso its salutary influeuoe on our
youth.
4. We claim the right on the plea that
we are a religious body in this free
country, whose Constitution most sol
emnly guarantees the free exercise of re
ligious belief to all its citizens, and the
fullest personal freedom in regard to.
the dictates of conscience. Now, there
is not a more essential or a more preci
ous liberty than that of parents to edu
cate their children in the manner which
they think will make them happy for
time and for eternity. Therefore, the
Catholic people, with logical sequence,
claim the protection of the Government’
so as not to be molested in their schools.
5. We say protection. No doubt
justice and equality would entitle the
Catholic people of this country to ex
emption from taxation for the support
of other schools, or to a share of tire
publio school fund in proportion to the
number of pupils in their schools. But
even this claim we are disposed to waive
in your favor.
6. You can have no reason to fear the
effect of our system on the Common
wealth, because experience has proved
that the students of onr colleges, acade
mies and schools are as good and as
useful citizens as those whom come out
of yonr institutions. And if m every
other branch of human action you ad
mit the principle of competition and be
lieve in its beneficial influence why
should you exclude it from education
a "i denriyeyourselves of the benefit
which emulation wouia piuo.w , nc
7. We fear that notwithstanding this
sincere, precise and solemn declaration,
thera mill ypf. Va fimnrl fanoHaol m pn
and political speakers who will endeavor
to excite their hearers by asserting the
imaginary oppos tion of the Catholic
Clergy to the publio schools of the
country. It is one of the misfortunes
of this world that cannot get rid of men
who. like Don Quixotte, are perpetually
fighting wind-mills, under the plea of
imminent dangers to their fellow-men.
Such men do not wi-h to know the truth,
and though we repeat it a thousand
times that we do not oppose their
schools any more than we adore images
or trust more in the Blessed Virgin than
in the merits of Christ, they will a thou
sand times renew the charge and swear
that we do. We do not expect to silence
such men; but we appeal to all fair
minded citizens not to be led astray by
the bigoted or ignorant ranting of men
who would blind them for their own po
litical ends.
We ask no favor or privilege. All we
ask is to be let alone m following the
dictates of our own conscience, and you
cannot refuse this without undermining
the Constitution, and preparing the way
for the loss of the same freedom for
yourselves.
Americans 1 we are willing to rally
with you under the flag and Constitu
tion, and maintain them with our blood
as we have done heretofore. But we
oannot help fearing that both are in
peril whilst a large number of our fel
low-citizens, in and out of office, allow
themselves to be influenced by fanatical
or self-interested politicians, or by -nfi
del and revolutionary foreigners, who
come to us with the proud pretension
of teaching us what Republican govern
ment is, abont whioh they know nothing
themselves. All we ask is that you will
not go to snob to learn what we aim at,
what are our sentiments. Give us a fair
hearing, and receive this declaration as
the sincere expression f our true prin
ciples, whioh we make before God and
men, actuated by no other motive than
one desire for the welfare and progress
and perpetuity of our country, such as
the fathers of ’76 made it and intended
that it should remain.
Yonr sincere friend and lover of the
American Republio,
tJoHN B. Purcell,
r Archbishop of Cincinnati.
A queer contest was seen near Amherst
station, New Hampshire, a few days ago.
In the grass was a large black snake,
upon the back of which was a little
weasel, who would bite him through,
and then as the snake turned to defend
himself, would jump into the air and
very soon spring upon him and bite him
again. This was continued until the
snake was bitten from head to tail, his
blood extracted, and life extinct. Ik
measured four feet and four inches in
length.