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THE VI I.\vr\ WEEKLY EXAMINER.
T .-v* CIRCUL ATIOIV OF T T3C El El 3C A. 3VE ITV ES 1 SOOO COI=»IE:«!
JOHN H. STEELE, 1 Editors
CHAS. L. BARBOUR. J
VOLUME II-
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TH U itSDAY, J ANU A RY, 24, 1856. _
e The Democratic Convention.
The Democratic Anti-Know Nothing Oonven
tion held at Milledgeville, on the 15th inst., wag
largely attended, and went off harmoniously.—
Our office engagements unfortunately prevented
our remaining longer than 8 o’clock P. M., at
which time the busines of the convention had
not been finished. At 12 o’clock A. M., the
Convention assembled, and Mr. Campbell, ot
Baldwin, was called to the Chair. The commit'
tee'appointed to select officers for the convention,
reported Dr. Tomlinson Fort, of Baldwin, as
President, and Wiliiam Hunt, Esqr., and
as Secretaries. The compliment to Dr-
Fort, was one well deserved, and met the uni
versal approbation of the convention, which will
be echoed by every member of the party in the
State. The President made a few chaste and
appropriate remarks upon taking his seat, which
were received with most flattering manifesta
tiansof satisfaction by the entire body.
At three o'clock the convention re-assembled
and proceeded to ballot for four delegates from
the State at large, to represent the paity in the
National Democratic Convention to be held in
Cincinnati in June next. Upon the first bal
lot, Hon. Thos, W. Thomas, Hon. John E-
Ward, Judge Welborn, and Hon. J. W. H.
Underwood, were chosen. The several Con
gressional Districts having selected their dele
gatee reported to the convention the following
names, which were ratified by the convention
From the
Ist Dist.—Messrs. Moore and Atkinson.
2nd. Dist—Messrs. Colquitt and Lyon.
3rd. Dist.—Messrs. D'Graffknreid and Smith
4th Dist.—Messrs. Murphy and Buchanan.
sth Dist.—Messrs. Wright and Lewis.
6th Dist.—Messrs. Hull and Strickland.
7th Dist—Messrs. Stephens and Cochran.
Bth Dist.—Messrs. Gardner aud Irvin.
The Convention then adjourned until after
tea, when they again assembled. At 8 1-2
o’clock we were admonished by the car whistle
to leave a very pleasant company, en route for
our less agreeable sanctum. At that time the
committee had not returned with their report
of matter for the action of the convention. To
torrow we will lay before our readers the of
ial action of the convention, and also resume
our regular report of Legislative proceedings.
Marriage or ‘Farny Fern.’—On Saturday
last, Mrs. Payson Eldridge was'married to Mr-
James Parton, of New York. Mrs. Eldridge
k s better known to the public at large as -Fan
ny Fern.' 1 The bridegroom is the biographer
of Horace Greely, and a contributor to the pe-
MrMwWlbedsy.
THE CHEAPEST POLITICAL AND NEWS PAPER IN THE SOUTH—A WEEKLY FIRESIDE COMPANION FOR ONLY ONE DOLLAR A YEAR, IN ADVANCE.
The Brown Hotel.
The tired traveler will find at Brown's Ho
tel, in Macon Ga., elegant and comfortable ac
commodations. All the modern appliances o f
a first class house are to be found there, and as
for the catering to the inner man, it is enough
to say that Solomons himself presides over that
department, and having a wide spread reputa
tion to sustain, he does the “foddering” in a
style commensurate with the heavy responsi.
bility ho has assumed. The palate that criti
cises his table need not hope for satisfaction
this side the ethereal table d’hote where Epi
curus himself does the honors.
The Legislature.
The recent bad weather having prevented
many of the members of the Legislature from
taking their seats, nothing was done on Mon
day as neither branch had a quorum present-
On Tuesday morning both Houses met, and
proceeded to business.
In the Senate, Judge Cone introduced reso
utions highly commendatory of the Message
of President Pierce.
In the House, Mr. Crook introduced a bill
providing for the settlement of the Territories
of the U. S. and authorizing the Governor to
draw his warrant upon the Treasury for sums
in the aggregate not to exceed 850,000, to be
turned over to any persons who shall organize
a body of 100 emigrants, each, to Kansas, and
who shall give bond for the proper application
of said sums. A tax equal to the said sum is
proposed to be levied upon the negro property,
of the State. At 12 o’clock both branches ad
journed.
The Letter List.
It seems that the Intelligencer is the unfor
tunate recipient of the Letter List, and, inflated
with its supposed triumph, it again shows the
cloven foot of malice it has before, unluckily for
itself, exhibited. Its charge that it had been
deprived by “unjust means” of the publication
of the list, is on a par with some other declara
tions of that paper, heretofore made, and for
which the responsible editor (then and now ab
sent) declared himself not respensible; and be
ing such is beyond the pale of consideration
from us. Aside from this, however, the article
in yesterday’s Intelligencer commenting upon
the acquisition (?) of the list, is calculated—and
doubtless was intended—to leave the impression
that we declined the editor's challenge to a com
parison of lists. This is simply false, since we
did not have the honor to know who did chal
lenge us, the letter from the Post Master not
having specified the anxious contestant.
The truth of the matter is simply this : When
our paper was being established we thought it
of soma importance we should have the Letter
List, in order to establish satisfactorily the ' ex.
tent of our city circulation. We then made a
showing of our subscription list, and secured
the P. O. printing. We soon found, however
that we were like the man who won the ele
phant, and were not a little gratified to find
some oue anxious to take so unprofitable a job
from off our hands. Hence we declined any
competition for what had been a nuisance to us
from the beginning. We neither knew or
eared which of our city papers received the in
fliction. As for our neighbor’s gas about “ the
largest circulation,” we care to say little, since
he has himself privately proposed to our pub
lisher to discontinue both Daily issues ; excusing .
such a singular proposition upon the ground
that his experience satisfied him that a Daily
paper in Atlanta did not pay expenses. The
proposition was respectfully declined upon the
ground that the Daily Examiner did pay ex
penses , and was an enterprise rather too profita
ble to be abandoned merely because the Intel
ligencer didn’t pay. Wo hope, however, our
neighbor will be able to keep up his Daily, now
that he has the Letter List.
When occasion requires, or we are called
upon by parties having the remotest possible
interest in the extent of our circulation, we
shall be happy to make an exhibit of our list;
but when the call is made in a puerile effort to
annoy us, wc beg to decline a contest so profit
less as the establishment of the superiority of
our list over our neighbor’s, more particularly
since the fact is so apparent to every one at al
familiar with the subject.
Is Sebastopol Taken ?—This question has
been elaborately discussed in London; many
heavy bets depended on the decisions, and what
ever information could be obtained from books
and the reports of army officers, was brought
to bear. After a patient investigation, the
head authority in betting matters—Bell's Life
in London—decided that Sebastopol was not
t ken, and that all bets on its capture be held
in abeyance for the present.
About the same time, singularly enough, the
question seems to have been debated at St. Pe
tersburg. It was settled there by an official
document from the Russian Admiralty, from
which we give extracts elsewhere. The docu
ment states that it is erroneous to use the ex
pression the Southern city of Sebastopol as
contra distinguished from the Northern; that
there is but one city of Sebastopol, which is sit
uated on the Southern sidejof the bay. and is in
possession of the Allies.—a. Y. Herald.
Appointments by the Governor
for 1856.
Wm. Turk, Principal Keeper. Penitentiary.
Win. W. Williams, Bk. " ••
T. Fort, M. D. Physician “
Rev. G. McCauley, Chaplain. ■■
WESTERN 4 ATLANTIC RAILROAD.
James F. Cooper, Superintendent
Win. B. Wofford. Treasurer.
James M. Spullock, Auditor.
DEAF 4 DUMB ASYLUM.
Dr. George D. Phillips, Commissioner.
Hon. James Jackson, “
Maj. James Lake, "
Maj. Josiah H. Gill, “
Rev. John W. Glenn, “
S. J. Johnson, Esq. •'
O. P. Fannin. ••
[Fed. Union.
The Mississippi and Missouri Railroad was
opened to lowa city on the 3d ir.st
Parkersvilla (Kansas) Gazette
learns that Gov. Shannon is about to resign
the Governorship of that territory.
ATLANTA. GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY 24, 1856.
[From the Southern Recorder.)
Railroads—State Aid, &c.
Messrs. Editors : —I have lately understood
that there would be considerable opposition in
the House, to the bill of the Senate granting
State aid, to the Bruniswick and Florida and
Savonnah and Gulf Railroads. From whence
this opposition comes, I am unable to determine
unless it is from the old fogies, who always
pursue the negative policy of opposing all meas
ures requiring appropriations, or state aid, no
matter how laudable the measure may be.—
Such men wanting discrimination of mind, to
conceive the merits of a good object, and tai
lent to defend their course before their consti
tuency, prefer the narrow minded policy of
t toting for Buncomb, though the best interest
of the State should suffer. And yet, these same
men would stay in Milledgeville and prolong
the Sessions as long as there is a dollar in the
Treasury. Save us from such "watch dogs of
the Treasury." But I wish to call the atten
tion of the liberal and intelligent minds of the
Legislature, to the vast importance of the two
Rai] Roads mentioned, to the future greatness
and wealth of the body politic of Georgia, and
especially to thp section which will be tributary
to them. If you draw a line south of the 32d
degree of latitude from the Savannah River
to the Chattahoochee, the country between that
line and Florida, contains upwards of thirty
one thousand square miles, or twenty millions
of acres of land, well adapted to the growth of
both long and short staple cottons, sugar, Span
ish tobacco, and provisions, Besides the great
resources it has in its immense forests of pine
timber, and turpentine, tar and rosin, it is ad
mitted that the Coast of Georgia has the best
ship building timber in the United States. As.
suming that one-half, or ten millions of these
lands, are well adapted to the culture of any
or all of the products mentioned, that they will
be increased in value tenfold, by the completion
of these two enterprises, no practical mind for
a moment doubts. Besides the immense amount
of capital and slave labor, which w mid be
superinduced from other States into this terri
tory, would add at least, five fold to its present
capital, labour and population, in less than five
years, in which time these enterprises will be
completed. Let narrow minded legislators, and
cynical doubters figure out the great advanta
ges that would accrue to the wealth of the body
politic, and consequent increase of Taxes into
the Treasury.
The statesman and political economist, will
see it at a glace. But this is not all. By the
successful and early completion of these Roads,
necessarily ensures us the carrying trade and
travel of Florida, and a portion of Alabama,
tind establishes the cities of Savannah and
Brunswick, as'the shipping ports and entreports
of Georgia, Florida, and a portion of Alabama,
and will give these ports the advantage of the
increased trade, consequent on the success of
these connecting links, to the great chain of
Georgia's Commercial and Agricultural inter
ests. But let us for a moment examine what
will be the consequence of delay or a failure to
complete these enterprises. Florida increasing
daily in population and wealth, will seek an
outlet to the Atlantic through some other chan
nel, and her trade and travel will be lost to
Georgia forever. “For once the current has cut
its channel, it is hard to divert ths stream.”—
Combining this view of the subject with the
very probable event of the United States, es
tablishing a navy and ship building yard at
Brunswick, (I assert without fear of contradic
tion) makes this the great question of this Ses
sion of the Legislature, aud one on which hun
dreds of millions of Georgia’s future greatness
and prosperity depends, and yet these enterpri
ses ask of the State, not one dollar to accom
plish this stupendous good, but simply to lend
her credit, by endorsing about twenty-four per
cent, of the company’s bonds, for the purpose
of enabling them to negotiate contracts abroad
for Iron Rails, to complete the works, when
seventy-five per cent, of Georgia's bona-fide cap
ital is invested in the enterprise, and pledged
to the State to secure her beyond all doubt,
from a farthing of eventual loss, and the pay
ment of those State endorsed boeds, at such
distant time, as will enable these roads to can
cel every dollar by a sinking fund, arising from
the income and profits of the road, and yet,
there are men presuming to be legislators, ta
king an oath before they take their seats, to
legislate for the best interest of the State, that
through their blind fatuity, would thus throw
stumbling blocks in the way of Georgia's future
greatness. Just such "mortal dim” visioned
statesmen, long retarded the Clintonian policy,
that finally developed the resources of Western
New York and made that State Agriculturally,
and Commercially, great, half a century in ad
vance of the age, and in 1842 and 43, had well
nigh proved fatal to Georgia's great enterprise,
the Western and Atlantic Rail Road. How
ever, in looking over the material, composing
the present Legislature, I have better hopes
than that such marplots will be able to defeat
the bill of the Senate, for be assured seven
teuths of the practical and intelligent men of
the State, fully endorses the patriotic action of
the Senate in relation to the passage of this
bill by that body, and I am persuaded from the
large majority of practical sense, and liberal
intelligence of the House, that they will not
only endorse the action of the Senate by passing
this bill, lending the credit of the State for the
good of the State, both individually and col
lectively, bit will go farther and make a libe
ral aud efficient appropriation to establish a
Geological, Mineralogical and Topographical
Survey of our great State, all combined in a
Bureau, with a" labratory attached for agricul
tural analysis of soils. Ten thousand dollars a
year for three years, would accomplish much,
and assuming that there are one hundred thou
sand planters and farmers in the State, such
appropriation would amount to ten cents each,
and the responsibility assumed by their Repre
sentatives, simply this; voting ten cents of the
farmers' money for the farmers' interest. Bold
ly sustain those wise and liberal measures, and
the Session of 1855 and 56 will become memo
rable in Georgia Legislation. You will be
blessed by future generations, and be hailed on
your return to your constituency with. “Well
done thou good and faithful servants, thou art
worthy of the confidence aud trust reposed in
ycu.” OGLETHORPE.
Judge Wells, tbe newly elected Gover
nor of Maine, in his Message to’ the Legislature,
admits that slavery is an evil, but thinks “it is
not the part of wisdom, to remove one evil, to
bring upon ourselves an avalanche of evils.''—
He believes that when the owners of slaves de
sire to relieve themselves of the institution, they
will adopt gradual emancipation, and points to
Liberia as the scene of the future greatness of
the negro rac?. He acquiesces in the abroga
tion of the Missouri Compromise, endorses tbe
doctrine of -squatter sovereignty," and sums up
the subject of slavery as follows’:
-The Southern people are subjected to the
burden of slavery; they know how to treat it
better than we do and' it is alike alien to Patri
otism, and a true sense of religious duty to in
flame the minds of Southern citizens and aggra
vate their condition by a constant course of
censure and an unnecessary interference with
their affairs.
Unfortunate.— A youth in Chicopee, Mas
sachu -etts, while attempting to kiss a young
lady, slipped and fall just before reaching her
that btbf hhNMaad two front tooth.
From the Washington Union.
Congressional Proceedings.
THIRTY-FOURTH congress.—first session.
Washington, Jan. 9.—Senate.—The Senate
did sit to-day.
House.—The proceedings of yesterday in die
House were characterized by a determination,
on the part of a large majority, to persevere in
the session to a late hour. A number of bal
lots were taken, and, as usual, some most sig
nificant debates. Mr. Smith, of Tennessee, de
livered an able speech in defence of the adm;n
istration and the Democratic party. Mr. Whit
ney followed in defence of the Bth article of the
Philadelphia platform. Mr. Campbell, of Ohio,
called out Mr. Giddings, of Ohio, in comment
ing upon a letter written by the latter, in which
Mr. Campb 11 was spoken of. Mr. Talbott
and Mr. Campbell, of Kentucky; both made
personal explanations. In the course of the
ballotting, Mr. Robinson, of Pa., who had vo
ted steadily for Mr. Banks, rose and stated that,
inasmuch as Mr. Banks had not yet declared
himseif a member of the American Order, and
as there were doubts about it, he wanted to
know if he was attached to the Order; and if
he was not, he (Mr. Robinson) would no longer
vote for him. This called out Mr. Damrell, of
Massachusetts, who again certified to Mr. Bank’s
Americanism. To this, Mr. Carlile, of Vir
ginia, an American member, wanted to know if
Banks was a Rockwell American or a Gardner
(national) Know Nothing. To this no satis
factory answer was returned, nor to the demand
of Mr. Robinson, and the latter changed his
vote from Banks to Pennington. It was ap
parent that if Mr. Batiks was proved to be a
Know Nothing he would lose some votes.
The next most important scene was the
brilliant and remarkable speech of Mr. Caru
thers, of Missouri, who went on to show why
he could not vote for Mr. Fuller, who was put
fortk as a national man, and yet voted for Mr.
Pennington, for Speaker, with the fact, in the
memory of the members of the last House, that
Mr. Pennington had voted for Mr. Elliot's pre
paratory proposition to repeal the fugitive slave
law, asd in the present Congress was himself
voting for Mr. Banks, (ultra republican and
know nothing.) while Mr. Fuller was being vo
ted for by Southern men ! This called out Mr.
Cox, of Kentucky, also an American, who
wanted to know if the gentleman (Mr. Caru
thers) was not a Whig; and if so, why he act
ed with the Democrats and opposed the Whigs?
It is impossible to describe justly the reply of
Mr. Caruthers, his retorts upon Mr. Cox, his
admirable defence of his vote for Col. Richard
son, and the extinction of the 'Whig party in
the embrace of Know Nothingism. The House
was intensely absorbed, except when the wit
and repartee of Mr. Caruthers excited irrepres
sible laughter. The Democrats throughout the
long session, and up to the hour when this ab
stract is prepared, voted in unbroken column,
and made few explanations, contenting them
selves with allowing their principles to speak
for them. The House was still in session at 1
the hour of going to press.
Washington, Jan. 10.—Senate.—Mr. Clay
ton submitted a resolution calling on the Presi
dent of the United States for a copy of a letter
from Lord John Russell to Mr. Crampton, da
ted January 19, 1853, in which it was declare!
that the British Government “intend to adhere
strictly to the treaty of Washington, of the
19th of April, 1850, and not to assume any
sovereignty, direct or indirect, in Central Amer
ica.” The resolution was adopted.
A resolution was also adopted authorizing
the President of the Senate to assign room in
the nerth wing of the Capitol Extension for
the use of the Court of Claims, during the pres
ent session of the Supreme Court.
Several memorials were presented of officers
of the navy complaining of the action of the
naval board. An extended discussion on the
subject arose, in which Messrs. Brodhead, Ala
son, Hale, Benjamin, Jones, of Tennessee, Mal
lory, Toucey, and others, participated. With
out disposing of the subject, it was passed over
informally; and, after an executive session, the
Senate adjourned until Monday next.
House.—The resolution of tbe Democratic
members in their last caucus, to vote against
adjournment, and to remain iu session until a
Speaker was elected, intended as a new demon
stration of their disposition, if not of their abil
ity, to bring about an organization of tbe
House, so far from having contributed to such
a result, served only to increase the animosity
of the opposition, and the scenes which occurred
on Wednesday night stand in striking evidence
of this declaration. The experiment intended
to be tried by the Democratic party was tried,
and it has proved to be a failure. From five
o’clock on Tuesday until eight o’clock on
Wednesday morning no ballots for Speaker
were taken, until the most obstinate struggle
on various propositions to adjourn, calls of the
House, &c., Ac., had been made by a portion
of the American party, and defeated. After
remaining more than twenty hours in continu
ous session, the Democrats at last voted in a
body for the adjournment, leaving the country
to judge whether they, as a minority of the
House of Representatives, could do anything
more than they had done to effect the organiza
tion, and at the same time to adhere to their
obligations to the Constitution. Excepting
an occasional burst of hilarity during the pro
tracted sitting, caused by the good humored
speech of some one of the members, the tempe.
of the House was exceedingly good, when we
consider the exciting issues involved and the na
ture of the divisions of parties.
Nothing decisive or important was accom
plished during the night, and when tnc House
adjourned. at half-past eight o'clock Thursday
morning, it seemed to be as far from the election
as when it assembled on Tuesday at 12 o’clock.
Consumption of Perfumery.
We learn from a for. ign journal that full 150,-
000 gallons of perfumed spirits are yearly con
sumed by British India and Europe in titillating
the nose’ One French house alone annually
uses 80,000 pounds of orange flowers, 60.000
pounds of cassia flowers, 53.000 pound of rose
leaves, 45,000 pounds of jassamine blossoms.
32,000 pounds of violets, 20,000 pounds of tu
berose, 16,000 pounds of lilac, besides other
odorous plants in still larger portions. Flower
plants exist in the south of France, Turkey in
Europe, Turkey in Asia and India. Nor is
b ngland without the cultivation. In Mitcham
lavender is extensively grown, and produces a
plant unrivalled in tbe world—four times the
price even of French lavender; and the same
spot is noted for its cultivation of roses. Nor
is this extensive use surprising, when we consid
er the quantity of flowers necessary to produce
an essence; a drachm of otto of roses requires
2000 rose blooms. This, however, is nothing
to jassamine; the price of its essential oil i# £9
the fluid ounce. Os course there is a good deal
of “manufacture” going on with the more ex
pensive perfumes. The rose leaf geranium does
duty for the rose; the “perfume of the magnolia
is superb," says our_author, but practi ally, it is
of no use to the manufacturer." from the scarci
ty of the plant and other causes; the purchaser,
however, gets a combination of half a dozen
articles instead, and if he is satisfied with' his
“essence of magnolia." who has any right" to
complain ? The perfume of the lily and the
eglantine evaporate to such an extent uuder
[any known treatment, that they are never used.
o®* Several children have recently received
the bsptionml frat tin mko of Hiawatha.
[From the Washington Star.]
Interesting and Important from
Nicaragua.
We have private advices from Nicaragua, by
the last steamer, which tell of the re-organiza
tion of the government, deposed not long since
by Walker, at a point in the north section of
the Republic, and the Honduras has sent troops
to its aid, &c. Tbe letter to which we refer,
says: >
“President Estrada, who left Granada just
before Walker took that city, has re-organized
the National Government in the Department
of Segovia. He has with him the minister of
finance, General Martinez, the superior military
chief of the department of the east—Granada —
and nearly all the officers of the army of the
late Gen. Corral and many other citizens,
proprietors and notables of Nicaragua, and is
at the head of the national forces.
“The governments of Salvador and Hondu
ras, far from sympathising with Walker, have
recognized the national government of Presi
dent Estrada, and Honduras has sent to him a
considerable body of troops. The two expe
ditions sent by Walker against the department
of Segovia and Matazalpa have been defeated
by the national troops and one of the killed is
Gen. Valle or Chelon, the person who denoun
ced Gen. Corral. The cities that have fallen
under the oppression and tyranny of Walker
have been abandoned by their mail inhabitants.
Walker, to oblige them to return, published a
decree, carrying with it the penalty of a fine of
from SSO to SIOO against those who would not
return. Walker has seized the effects of many
of those who have refused obedience to his de
cree, and has offered them at public sale ; but
all persons (natives and bona fida resident for
eigners) have refused to buy on any terms
property thus pretended to have been escheat
ed.
“All the silver taken in the raids of Walker
has been distributed among the chiefs of the
pirates. French carri< d away with him some
$9,000 in silver aud $20,000 in drafts upon
the Transit Company, which had been accep
ted and since paid. The soldiers (of Walker)
have not yet received even above, from Nicar
aguans. All the citizens of the country rest
in terror under the violence exercised by Walk
er, and many of those (strangers) who were un
der him, have abandoned him on realizing the
desolation and real condition of the country.—
The few naturalized citizens, who called on
Walker first to enter the country, in order to
gratify their own ambition and desire for ven
geance, now weep over the scenes of blood and
misery which they have thus brought on Ni
caragua, and there has returned to them the
spirit and instinct of self-preservation, in force
equal to that with which it actuates all other
citizens of Nicaragua. Walker is surrounded
with enemies in disguise, who remain about
him only in the hope of meeting an opportuni
ty to fall on and kill him.
“The commotion and reaction throughout
,j.he country is so general and so spontaneous,
that M. Roman Rivers, the son of the President
created by Walker, and held in fact as his pris
oner and puppet, has organized a flotilla in San
Juan del Norte, composed of six boats and
eighty men. He has gone up the river with
this force to take possession of Castillo Viega
and San Carlos, and hold them against the filli
busters.
“President Estrada has not only his own
forces and those sent to his aid by Honduras,
but Costa Rica has already on the way to join
him three thousand men, while other troops
are moving to his aid from Gunanacaste and
Guatemala.
••The want of arms, ths great distance to be
travelled, and the little security of their routes
of march, have alone prevented the complete
defeat of Walker up to this time. The news
papers of the United States in the interest of
Walker are striving to present a false picture
of Nicaragua. The situation of things here oy
by no means accords with their representations
of them. They are falsifying every thing and
deceiving, with misrepresentations of the truth
the moral sentiment, aud conscience of the peo
ple of the U S.
This letter reached us in French, and we
translate it for the information of the Star’s
readers. The writer we know well by reputa
tion—is a naturalized citizen of Nicaragua of
high character and standing.
Peace prospects.
The present position of peace prospects is
this: It may be remembered that Austria made
a suggection of certain tnrms not known to the
public, which the Austrian Cabinet considered
might constitute a basis for pacific negotiations.
These sugestions Austria sent to Paris, through
the French Minister at Vienna. The French
government sent a copy of said suggesuions to
London. Much correspondence ensued between
London and Parr s, resulting in the original
suggestioss being sent back, altered by France
and England, to Viena.
The Austria Cabinet expressed mortification
that the suggestions were not adopted simplic
iter. More correspondence ensued, resulting
in Austrai agreeing to append her name jointly
with France and England to the modified pro
position thus amended was, on Sunday, Dec.
16th. as notified by the Arago, sent from Vien
na in charge of Count Esterhazy to St. Peters
burg.
The contents of this ultimatum are kept pro
foundly secret. If the Czar refuses, France and
England threaten to continue the war, and Aus
tria to cease diplomatic relations, and after
wards to be governed by the course of events.
Simultaneously with the transmission of peace
proposals, to Russia, the Paris Moniteur pub
lishes the treaty entered into between the allies
and Sweden, guaranteeing the existing limits of
Sweden against Russian aggression. As Rus
sia does not at present threaten Sweden, this
treaty may be viewed by Russia as an inten
tional insult, and a cause for the rejection of
the peace proposals. The terms of the treaty
are very stringent. It is declared that the
treaty is concluded to prevent every complica
tion of a nature to trouble the balance of
power in Europe. By article Ist, the King of
Sweden engages himself not to cede to Russia,
nor to exchan, c with her. nor allow her to oc
cupy any portion of the territory belonging to'
the crown of Sweden and Norway.
He engages, moreover, not to cede to Russia i
any right to pasturage or fishJng ground, or I
any other nature whatsoever, in any part of the I
said territories, or of the coast of Sweden and
Norway, and to reject any pretension. Russia
might raise to establish the existence of any of
the above named rights.
Article 2—ln case Russia should make any
proposition to the King of Sweden, or any de
mand with a view to obtain either the cession
or exchange of any portion whatever of the
territory belonging to the crowns of Sweden j
and Norway, be it permission to occupy certain
points of said territory, or the cession of fish ng'
or pasturage rights, or of any other on th.se!
same Territories, or on the coot of Sweden and
Norway—the King of Sweden engages to com-,
mnnicate immediately such proposition to the,
Emperor of France and Queen of England, and
they engage to provide Sweden with sufficient
naval and military forces, with those of Sweden
to resist the claims or aggressions of Russia.—
The nature, the importance, and the destination
of the forces in question shall, the case occur
ring, be decided by a common agreement be
tween the three powers.
[From the Illustrated London News, Dec. 22. J
Russia£Planning for a Seaport on
the Atlantic.
We stated in a portion of our last week’s
impression that Austria had proposed for the
consideration of the allied powers the basis of
a pacification, and that the allies had expressed
themselves so far willing to meet the views of
Austria as, without ceasing hostilities, to nego
tiate on the terms proposed.
We set forth succinctly the “pointe” which
Austria had drawn up, and which England and
France had severally considered to be not un
reasonable. These were—that the Euxine
should be declared a commercial sea, from
which all ships of war should be excluded; that
Russia should neither rebuild Sebastopol nor
construct any other fortress in the Crimea, or
in any part of the littoral of the Black sea; that
the Danube should be opened up to the com
merce of the world; and that a slip of Russia
territory on its banks sufficient to guarantee
that object should be restored to Turkey; that
Russia should renounce all claim to a protec
torate over the Christian subjects of the Sul
tan; and that she should not construct or recon
struct on the Aland Island any fortress whatso
ever.
It has been stated in some journals that
Austria proposed, in addition to these terms,
that Moldavia and Wallachia should be erect
ed into independent States, under the protection
of Europe, in the same manner as Switzerland
and the Hanes Towns; but we believe the state
ment to be incorrect Obviously the powers
who undertake to perserve the integrity of the
Turkish Empire would stultify themselves, as
well as do injury to their unlucky protege, if,
without givtng Turkey an equivalent, they con
sented to deprive her of one inch of territory,
or one iota of her rights and privileges.
It is believed that diplomatists high in the
confidence of the Czar, to whom these terms
werenon-offlcially submitted, declared their own
private opinion to be strong aginst them, and
that they expressed themselves convinced that
Rus. ia would not accede to them. But officially
the progress of events has not gone so far as
to elicit from the Russiangovernment any reply
to the proposition which Austria has made;
and no positive answer to the despatches of
which Count Esterhazy, the Austrian Ambas
sador to St. Petersburg!!, is the bearer, have
been, or tan be, received for at least ten or
fifteen days.
The general belief, from all that has already
transpired in the diplomatic and official circle
of London, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, is, that
the Czar will not accept the terms which Aus
tria has offered for his consideration, and that
the adverse opinion expressed by the Russians,
in Vienna and elsewhere, is but an anticipation
of that which will in due course arrive from St.
Petersburg!!. However that may be, thecourse
of the Allies is clear and straightforward: To
abate no jot of what justice demands, to listen
to reason, but not to revenge, and the strain
every nerve to take by force from the foe of
Europe what his own friends cannot persuade
him to yield to justice or to necessity.
The Czar maybe encouraged to prolong the
contest by the success of General Mouravieffat
Kars—but that event will by no means dis
courage the Allies. On the contrary, it will'
but nerve them, anil Great Baitain more espe
cially to renewed and more vigorous exertions.
To balance, in some degree, though by no
means to attone for, the mistake that has been
committed in leaving General Williams unsup
ported in Asia, favorable intelligene has been
received from the far north of Europe to prove
that our diplomacy has not lost sight of the ex
tent of Russian intrigue in that* quarter, not
becn incompetent to defeat it.
A glance at the map of Europe will show
that Russia has pushed her north-western fron
tier far into Norway, and has actually approach
ed within fifty miles of the Atlantic and of
the deep fiords and secure anchorages of the
Norwegan coast. Russia has been in treaty
with Norway for the Bay of Varanger, which
never freezes in the coldest winter, which is
forty miles long, and which could safely harbor
the largest fleets in the world.
A treaty—the first result apparently of the
auspicious visit of General Canrobert to the
Court of Stockholm—has just been concluded
between Great Britain and France on the one
side, and the United Kingdoms of Norway and
Sweden on the other, by which the latter bind
themselves not to cede or grant to Russia, un
der any pretext whatsoever, any portion of ter
ritory ; and by which the former undertajjp to
guarantee the present boundaries and posses
sions of Norway and Sweden, including not
only the mainland of those kingdoms, but all
their outlying islands and dependencies, what
and where soever.
Burned Alive.—A letter in the N. O. Pica
yune, dated Dec. 25th written from Lexington,
Miss., says:
A daughter of a very worthy gentleman,
while riding on horseback to visit a neighbor,
was assaulted by a negro man, who made the
hellish attempt to violate her person. She
struggled in his demoniac grasp and until her
strength was exhausted, until she was bruised
and lacerated, when a gentleman carried the
almost inanimate girl to her father's house. Af
ter depositing her there, he raised the alarm
and the people hurried out to hunt the negro.
They were not long in finding him. He be
longed to the Wade estate. They brought him
into the town of Lexington, and then, in th<
most public steeet chained him to a stake and
burnt him alive 1 It is thought the young lady
will not survive her injuries.
The Texas-Debt Bill.
It will be seen from the following, which we
copy from the Austin State Gazette of the 22d
ultimo, that the fate of the Texas-debt bill is
still a matter of a great uncertainty. At pres
ent there is an apparent majority of six against
the bill in the lower house of the State legisla
te :
_ “The debate upon the Texas debt bill was
brought to a close on Wednesday last in the
house of representative, when the vote upon the
engrossment of the bill was taken, and resulted
—says 40, noes 46. Mr. West, of Travis, a
friend of the bill, voted no, for the purpose of
moving a reconsideration. Mr. Tarver imine*
diately moved a reconsideration, declaring, at
the same time his intention to vote against the
reconsideration. The friends of the bill, by
a call of the house, &c., prevented the vote be
ing taken upon the motion on Wednesday.
‘■On Thursday, upon motion of Mr. Taver
the motion to reconsider the vote was postpon
ed until the 15th of February next. The fate
of the measure is still uncertain.”
*
An Irishman going to market met a farmer
with an owl. Bay, misther, what'll yer take
for yer big eyed turkey ? Tis an owl, replied
the astonished farmer. Never a drop do I care
whether its <nW or ytraag; price tin birdF
The Slave Code.
A man named Hunter Las been fined 81000
and forfeited six slaves, at New Orleans, for
selling them in such a manner as to separate
mother and child, contrary to the laws of Lou
isiana.—Exchange.
Will our clever contemporary of the New
Orleans Creole informs us what the “law” is in
relation to the master? We find the above
in one of our exchanges and will be pleased
to know that it is correct.— Niagara Ga
zette.
The laws of Louisiana in relation to slaves and
their protection by law, arc ample and full of
the most beneficent provisions. A contempor
ary has so completely met the above inquiry
that we take the liberty of using his article as
our reply to the Gazette:
“In capital cases, it is provided that the tri
bunal for the trial of a slave shall be composed
of two Justices of the Peace and ten slave-own
ers of the vicinity, and in cases not capital the
Peace anil two slave owners. The jurors are
put under oath, the District-Attorney con
ducts the prosecution, and a unanimous ver
dict is requisite to convict or to acquit tbe pri
soner.
“For killing a slave whether by the owner or
by another person the penalty is death, and for
maiming or other cruelty the penalty is a fine
of from two to five hundred dollars. The Kat
ing or ill-treating of a slave when no one is pres
ent, by the owner or person having the manage
ment of the slave, is sufficient to render him
responsible for he offence, and to subject him
to prosecution. In the parish of Orleans the
trial of slaves accused of capita! crimes is before
the Judge of the Criminal Court and a jury of
six freeholders, upon which occasion Judge and
jurors alike are put under oath, truly and im
partially to try the prisoners and honestly and
faithfully to execute the laws of the State con
cerning slaves.
“Except carriage drivers, hospital waiters,
market carriers, servants, slaves,are guaranteed
the enjoyment of Sunday, or if employed on
that day they receive a compensation of fifty
cents per day. Masters are forbidden, under
penalty, to give their slaves money instead of
the ample monthly rations which the law pre
scribes. Old, sick or disabled slaves receive tbe
same rations and clothing from their masters ns
others, under a still greater penalty for neglect
ing to provide them. The passage of the code
relating to sick slaves provides that “it shall be
the duty of every owner to procure to his sick,
slaves, all kinds of temporal or spiritual assis
tance which their situation may require.” In
summer slaves are to be allowed two hours and
a half for meals, and in winter two hours, ex
cept where the owner has their meals prepared,
when the allotted time may be abridged by one
half hour.
“Whenever a master or overseer neglects or
refuses to provide such food and clothing as the
law requires, it is lawful for any one to make
complaint to the nearest magistrate, who may
compel the owcr to comply with tbe provisions
of the law under penalty of fine for refusal. It
is moreover made the duty of Justices of the
Peace to inform themselves as to the manner in
which slaves are treated in their districts and to
enforce the law.
“Section 93 of the Black Code provides that
at a public sale, a negro, disabled through age
or otherwise, and having children, shall be s Id
with such one of his children as he may choose
to go with.
“Not only is it forbidden to separate the moth
er from her child under ten years of age, but
the importation of a slave child under that age
without its mother, if living, is punishable by a
fine from one to two thousand dollars.
“The importance of slaves accused of capital
offences, or of having attempted to excite an
insurrection, is also strictly prohibited. Per
sons convicted of kidnapping free negroes, or
of bringing such into the State ns slaves or for
sale may be punished by a fine of one thous
and dollars, and in the former case by fourteen
years imprisonment.
“The above are a few of the provisions in
corporated into our comprehensive and elabor
ate slave code. These laws are as scrupulously
carried into execution as the rest of the laws of
the State. The result of these humane and
wise laws, together with the character of our
slave owners, has been to render the condition
of the slaves of Louisiana an enviable one in
comparison with that of the mining and manu
facturing population of Europe, anil fully equal
to that of the landless peasantry of their rural
districts—being as well fed, as well clothed and
as well sheltered for less labor, with security of
support in sickness, disability or old age, and
of protection under all circumstances. When
wc consider their marked intellectual inferiori
ty, the utter barbarism from which slavery has
raised them, and to which, without slavery,
they always again descend—when we recollect
how many millions have been redeemed from
a condition little above that of wild beasts, and
endowed by slavery with as much of Christain
civilization as they are capable of, their low
passions subdued and restrained, their labor
directed and organized by vastly superior in
telligence, so as to produce for them means
of employment which, without such guidance,
that labor never could procure—we have rea
son to congratulate the citizens of this und oth
er slave-holding States.”
Meanness does not Pay.
There is no greater mistake that a business
man can make than to be mean in his business.
Always taking the half cent for the dollars he
has made and is making. Buch a policy is
very much like the farmer who sows three
pecks of seed where he ought to have sown five,
and as recompense for the meanness of his soul,
only gets ten when he ought to have got fifteen
bushels of grain.
Every body has heard of the proverb of pen
ny wise* and pound foolish. A liberal expen
diture in the way of business is always sure to
be a capital investiment. There are people in
the world who are short sighted onough to be
lieve their interests can be best promoted by
grasping and clinging to all they can get, and
never letting a cent slip through their fin
gers.
As a general thing it will be found, other
things being equal, that he who is most liberal,
is the most successful in business. Os course
we do not mean it to be inferred, that a man
should be prcdigal in his expenditures; but
that he should show to his customers, if he is
a trader, cr those whom he may be doing any
kind of business with, that iu all his transac
tions, as well as sociall relations, he acknow
ledges the everlasting fact that there can be no
permanent prosperity in a community where
benefits are not reciprocal.— Hunt's Merchants’
Magazine.
The Presidency.—The Savannah Journa
publishes a portion of a letter from a Southern
Senator, from which we make the following
striking passage;
“I am anxious to see your comments on the
Message. I am decidedly of opinion that
Pierce is the proper candidate for the next tri
al. Tire South will be untrue to herself to
forego the opportunity of a distinct trial of the
Northern people upon the issue he boldly pres
ents —and presents in the best possible way. not
by party resolutions of a convention, but as
the matured judgment of a President, who, al
though a citizen of a Northern State, upon
the responsibility of his oath to support and
defend the Constitution, exposes the danger to
the Union from Northern aggression, and jus
tifies the Southern Stales in their Ist and
nodwats eran»”
WM. KA Z PROPRIETOR
NUMBER 24.
.Later from Ilm ope.
The steamer Atlantic has arrived at New
York, bringing four days’ lutcr news from Eu
rope.
Liverpool, Dec. 26.—Cotton—The market
is drooping. Saks of the three days 24 dOO
bales; of which exports took 1.000 and spec
ulators 4 <>oo bales. Stock 382 (100 bales of
which 190.000 are American. Buyers demand
a reduction. Fair Orleans 6 14, Middling
j | d ‘ 16 ’’ Fa ‘ r U P laud3 5 7-Bd., Middling 5
Flour has declined Is. Canal 41 to 425. Corn
has deelined 2s. White 48s. Provisions arc
dull aud unchanged.
Consols 88. The bullion in the Bank of
England has decreased 324,000, (dollars we
presume.)
General News.
Ihe peace negotiations are in statu emo
Esterhazy had reached St. Petersburg with
the ultimatum of the Allies, but no reply bad
been received.
Austria had notified Prussia of the contents,
and Prussia hud consented to urge their accep
tance by the Czar.
It is rumored that Denmark is about to ioin
the Allies.
The London Times has despatches from Vien
na, stating that Count Buol hud sent the terms
i f peace to Gortschakoff.
The Allies demand a str'p of territory in
Ressarabia, lying on the Danube, to secure" the
free navigation of that river.
The Paris Chamber of Brokera hnvc decided
not to quote ’he Ru sian loan on the Bourse.
Sixty merchant vessels have been wrecked
ofi b ulina during the month, and four hundred
lives lost.
A French frigate has been wrecked on the
coast of Spain, and all on board lost.
Nothing has been received from the seat of
war. except the capture of Kurs.
The overland nniil from India has arrived.
The markets were d- pressed, and money was
scarce.
New York Soff Shell Convention.
'1 he New York Soil Shell Convention has
unanimously denounced slavery agitation, and
universally endorsed the Administration.
Pennsylvania Senator.
The Democratic leeislutive caucus has nomi
nated Ex-Governor Bigler for Senator.
Governor of New Jersey.
The Governor of New Jersey in his message
to the legislature, favors allowing the people of
the Territories to decide Ihe slavery question ;
and endorses the Presidents position on the Cen
tral American Question.
Wisconsin Governor.
Chicago, Jan. 10.—Bashford, Frcesoiler,
took the oath of office for Governor by a de
cision of the Supreme Court. His opponent
Barstow, Democrat, had been previously elect
ed by the Legislature.
Congressional.
Saturday, Jan. 12.—Richardson Banks
and Fuller have defined their positions—each
party appeared satisfied with the reply of their
candidate.—One ballot-Banks lucked nine
votes of an election.
Monday, Jan. 14.—The Senate adjourned
to Thursday. The House had three unsuccess
ful ballots for Speaker.
Central American Question.
Washington, Jan. 14.—1 tis reported
that England wiil recede from the protectorate
of Musquito and the Buv Island rather than
go to wur with the United States.
Steamer Ashore.
New York. Jan. 14.—The Steamer Gran
ada from Huvauna, is ashore ou the West
Bank.
New York Market.
Saturday, Jan. 12.—Cotton is dull, with
sales of 600 bales. Flour is higher. O' io
$8,56. Southern unehiingcd. Wheat firm.
Mixed Corn 93 1-2. Freights uiichunged.
Charleston Market.
Monday, Jan. 14.—Cotton.—The weather
is fair to-day and the demand for Cot toy good,
at full prices. Sales 1800 bait sat 8 l-2c.
Times and places of the Sessions
of the Supreme Court.
On the 2d Monday iu January and June, at
Savannah.
On the 4>th Monday in January aud June, at
Macon.
On the 4tb Monday in March and 2d Mon
day in August, at Atlanta.
On the 4th Monday in May and November,
at Athens.
On the 3d Monday in May and November,
at Milledgeville.
Extensive Robbery.—Among the passeng
ers who arrived yester 'ay from Havana, in the
Isabel,, were Signor Francisco Aranda, Minis
ter Plenipotentiary from Venezuela, and Flor
encio Ribas, his Secretary. They took looms
at the Mills House, und while at breakfust, tbe
room of the former was entered, nnd three thou
sand dollars in doubloons stolen from his trunk.
The Secretary, on returning from breakfust,
met. a man coming out of the room, and not
suspecting anything wrong, allowed the man
to pass him. Ou entering the room lie found
that the trunk had been broken open, and the
money taken. lie immediately followed in
pursuit, but the man succeeded in < fleeting his
escape through the store room into the street.
—Char Mercury, Jan. 14.
Honorable Mentiou. —The Secretary of the
Navy, in liis report, Bpraking of the conflict of
our officers and men of the East India Squadron
with the pirate's in the waters of China,
says:
“In the several encounters the officers and
men have conducted themselves gallantly,” and
honorable mention is made of Lieutenants Peg
ram, Preble, Rolando, E. Y. McCauley, and
Sproston; Assistant Engineers Stamm and Kel
logg; Acting Masters’ Mutes J. P. Williams
and S. R. Craig, aud private Benjamin Adam,
son, of the marine corps, who was dangerously
wounded. ,
A dispatch from Washington, dated the
11th inst., says :
“Tbe Supreme Court this morning sustained
the claim of Pearsou B. Reading to an exten
sivc ranche at Buena Ventura, in California,
thus affirming the principle established in the
Fremont case. Therefore, the fuct that Read
ing acted with the United States forces against
Mexico, does not invalidate the grant of the
Mexican government”
ASP 1 Dougherty county, by a vote of three
hundred and twenty-eight in favor, and sixty
two against, has authorized the Interior Court
to subscribe for stock in the Georgia and Fiori
a Bai Iroad.