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stock-hog * i
through the winter months V by the sheep
shift pretty much for themselves, the cows run in ,
the •Range’ until the feed gives out, and then we
give them a little cotton seed.” ‘Cotton seed ! j
you might about ns well feed them on woolen rags; j
they are perfectly indigestible to the stomach, I
and the only nourishment from them is the oil that
they contain, and then you rob your land ot one
of its best manures in thus misapplying your cot
ton seed, whereas, had you planted one, two or
three acres iu the Rutabaga and lied top lui
nip, your table would he supplied with one ol the
healthiest of vegetables, your cattle would he fat,
* your milk and butter would suffer no diminution,
either in nuantitv or quality, from grass feeding, j
■healthy, and well
Jjaga is the best of ■
it is the sweetest, j
‘or its nutitive qual- ;
it England makes j
and her fine wool,
loth on your back
rriim>! Are you a
l> crop to England?
cotton crop of the
that can’t be possi
e, as proven by the
*. The line milk
, and the fine Mut
ad produces (rough
greater annual rev
up, yield tothe Uni
d in the northern
ill,Ml- till 11 i | >-,
1 Urosts. rI ■*l i‘
bul ‘-an
Hiug
iii’i niiiil April.
” i A of tin- s, oit ii, I'wii
“*W “"I, and if
prtlio method of Kng
“L * Ap, and li-e.liug with cut
Hter. iu> (lcuilit yum mut.
(lecces as heavy, and
protit able hraneli of Agri
’ be opened to our people,
of labor and Capital that
rover production of Cotton !
ers, to your own and your Coun-
Weekly Memoranda.
Wkoi. i aiii.i: (. mum v—Siill transplant
tribe plant. Rutabaga and English
English l’i'as, Snaps, Carrots, Parsnips,
and Salsify. Plant Irish Potatoes from
seed of the present year, they will make
r „g°o<) potatoes for fall use, do not be particular
about taring your grass and weed seeds ! you
will have enough for next season’s crop without
any extra effort in this respect.
‘* . Silk Ciiltnre.
• W ashington, Oa. Gazette gives a descrip-
new Trowsting Mill, invented by Mr.
T. H. Chivers, of Wilkes C. which roots the
silk from the cocoons, spins it into thread, dou
bles and twists it, at tho same lime, by the
•aino machinery, making a superior Twist, and
Sewing Silk. This is a great acquisition to tho
•ilk Culturist and should more of our
people to embark in the The United
agricultural school and model farm in the envi
rons of Constantinople. There are fifty pu
piis. The master is a Frenchman, educated at
Grignou.
Water Effects on Vegetation.
The importance of water tothe purposes of
vegetable growth, is well understood, hut the
manner and means by which it is caused to act
may to some seem a mystery.
The atmosphere is forty miles high, and ex
erts a pressure on the earth of fifteen pounds to
each inch of surface. As the atmosphere is
very elastic, it is the most heavy or compressed
near the surface of the earth, and lighter and j
less dense at higher altitudes. This atmos
phere permits the sun’s rays tqppass freely |
through it; and by their influence the water |
on the earth’s surface is enlarged by the effect
of heat and becomes vapor. This vapor rises
through the heavier parts of the atmosphere,
until it arrives at a point where the medium ot j
it is its own weight, and such a strata floats,
forming what we cail clouds.
These clouds or masses of vapor are made
I up of minute particles, which, on touching each
! other, coalesce (like drops of oil floating on the
surface of a fluid,) and thus the vapor is formed
into drops, which from their weight increase in
density, fall again in the form o( rain, snow,
hail, iVc. The atmosphere among other gass
es, holds large quantities of ammoniacal and
carbonic acid gasses, and the drops of rain or
flakes of snow while falling, havo the power to
absorb these gasses, which they do to many
times their own bulk. Tho rains thus charged
fall upon the surfaces of plants, and pass into
tho earth, thus being brought into contact with
the roots, as well as with the leaves of
tho gasses are absorhed by them. e lltro
cre.n xiiitninril in tho n asi^^liiar
ting'agent, while the cftrbonic acid (gas, (compo
sed of carbon dissolved in oxygen,) leaves its
carbon within the plant to increase ifs size, and
the oxygen it contains is again set forth on the
face of nature to dissolve new quantities of car
bon. Plants have other constituents besides
carbon, and many of these are dissolved in the
earth by the rain, and carried to the roots of
plants, oven silex, (flint or its base,) when corn
bined with some of the alterative earth is slight
ly soluble in wate, nnd forms an important part
of plants. It is this substance which gives
strength to straw, steins, &c., and the rattan,
bamboo, and some other vegetables secrete si
lex in quantities so great that we can sharpen a
knife upon their surfaces.
Water plays another part in the protection of
plants feom the effects of excessive heat during
the summer. When water is evaporated from
any surface, that surface is cooled by the eva
poration ; thus wetting our head, and then
assisting the evaporation by fanning it, cools it.
When the water is evaporating from the surface
of the earth or from plants, by its increaso of
bulk in becoming vapor, its capacities for heat
is increased, audit robs the necessary quantity
of heat from the plant nnd tho earth, thus pro- i
venting the decay of the plant from the exces- ‘
sive and disorganizing hent. The moisture is a-1
gain leiurned to the plant at night, having chan- :
god to dew charged with gasses for the nurture !
of plants.
From the Providence Courier.
A Farmer’s Life and Duties.
It wo were ever envious, it was ofthe farm
or—the intelligent, independent farmer, who
owned his land, his house and barns ; who was
free from debt, whose family woro growing up
prosperously around him, upon whom God smil-
such a farmer,
v _ A. h i,
’ ’ J , . Ilk.
PPWJtmn, it is diflicu Vo give such
on paper us would enable the far
■rto perform it successfully; -would
me in regard to describing the amputation of a
limb, or the dissection part of the body.
I enn only-suy ibat sysayVrtg *• Wu piu'lUl lllf'lr
without any risk.
It is important that the farmer should know
what his cow is best fitted for. If she is in
clined to get fat wilh good feeding, I would
not spay her for the purpose of milking, but
would do it for the purpose of fattening her.—
Rut, on the other hand, if the object is milk, and
the cow is a good milker, spay her and keep
her in inilk. 1 have milked them from one to ]
six years ; and in the counties of Ontario, Liv.
iugston, and Genesee, I have .operated on hun
dreds from six weeks to eighteen years old.
Reference can be given to those who have
milked spayed cows for several years, have
worked spayed heifers, and have raised and fat
tened them from calves, and all speak in high
terms ofthe benefit of the operation, when
j performed. WM. CARTER.
I East Bloomfield, Ontario co., N. Y.
Note. —lt may be well to add to the above,
the conclusion of M. Morin, veterinary surgeon
at one of the French Royal Depots. He fur
nishes a long article for a French journal,
which is summed up as follows:
1. Spaying induces permanency of milk, in
, crease of quantity, and improvement of quality ;
| richer, more butter, superior color, liner taste
| and flavor.
| 2. The most suitable age is six years, and
j after the third or fourth call.
3. The spayed cow fattens more easily, and
I furnishes beef of a better quality.
4- Cows that are bad breeders may be kept
as good milkers, and the quality of good cattle
j kept up.— [Eds. Cultivator.
symtiol. It floats about us like tfiat granTHlbr
ject which the apostle saw in his vision—‘a sea
of'glass like unto crystal.’ So massive is it. that
when it begins to stir, it tosses about great ships
like playthings, and sweeps cities and forests,
like snowflakes, to destruction before it. And
yet it is so mobile, that we have lived years in
it before we can be persuaded that it existed at
all, and the bulk of mankind never realized the
truth that they are bathed in an ocean of air.
Its weight is so enormous than iron shivers he.
fore it like glass; vet a soap bubble sails through
it with impunity, and the tiniest insect waves it
aside with its wing. It ministers lavishly to all
the senscsf We touch it not, but it touches
us. Its warm south winds bring back color to
the pale face of tho invalid ; its cool west
winds refresh the fevered brow, and make the
■l blood mantle in our cheeks; even its north
blasts brace into new vigor the hardened chil
dren of our rugged climate. Tho eye i indebt
ed to it for all the magnificence of sunrise, the
full brightness of midday, the chastened radi
anee of the evening, and the clouds that era.
die near the setting sun. But for it tho rain
bow would want its ‘triumphal arch,’ and the
winds would not send their fleecy messengers
on errands round the heavens. Tho cold would
not either shed snow feathers on the earth, nor
would drops of dew gather on the flowers.
The kindly rain would never fall, nor hail storm
nor fog diversify tho face ofthe sky. Onr na
ked globe would turn its tanned and unshadow,
ed forehead to the sun, and one dreary, monoto.
nous blaze of light and heat dazzle and burn up
all things. Were there no atmosphere, the sun
would in a moment set, and, without warning,
plunge tho eaiih in darkness. But the air
keeps in her hand n sheaf of her rays, and lets
them slip but slowly though her fingers ; so that
tho shadows of evening are gathered by de.
grens, and tho flowers havo time to bow their
heads, and each creature space to find a place
of rest, and to nestle to repose. In the mor
ning. the garish sun would at one bound burst
horn the bosom of night, and blaze above the
air watches for his coming,
afler satisfactory prac
tice, to raise the Potato, to any other whatev- i
er. „
COLLIN WOOD.
Baldwin Cos., June, 164!).
.OGuntT Nt HyKaY.— Perlmp* the larges
norfry” H 1 111 iwjfc 11*1111 b 1 n m Huistrein,'*
uno of the Danish provinces. It consists of
one hundrer. mid eighty acres, and requires on
an average one hundred and thirty men and
twenty wonen to cultivate it. Eighty packers
are cinployid during the packing season. The
average pnlil, for tho last thirty years, has
been $l5,Q>O annually, though at one time, for
twelve yean, the sale of dahlias alone netted
! $50,000 pci annum, and to which eleven acres
are still deoiled. Some rare Orchidcous plants
sell for s3l? each. Os this family of plants,
they have (two thousand varieties, and two
thousand oiiie dahlia. The collection of 01 na
mental triv’Ms enormous.— Maine Cultivator.
Fi.o\ve.'Jß Flowers, of all created things,
are the and simple, ami most
superbly <*®h'X—playthings for childhood,
ornaments “'Be grave ! Flowers ! beloved by
the idiot, a* lMdid by the deep-thinking man
of
are most pl ilC ßig, yet of all earthly things are
most that*unceasingly ex
pand to hei' t eflbeir graceful, and to man their
cheerful l°<” of human joy, soothers
of human s’ I,fit ‘emblems of the victor’s tri
umphs—of tl img liridu’s
to and graceltiHKn solitary
graves! •
What a dress desolate place would be a
world without a be a face
an e
:,uu
ino'm tuts a '" , “^^F' ar * o|i Pp§.of t|l
his How-creak . .
his lnd
..‘jlnh ivukj\ftLV'Jn^
thoughts of Cach
ed from and supqir to *effjiiiness.
Tiib Farmer’s hc4htkr.— There’s a world
of buxom beauty finishing in the shades of the
country. Farm-hsset, are dangerous places.
As you are thinkii’ ‘lily of sheep or of curds,
you may be shot thfogllby a pair of bright eyes,
and melted awav i aibcwitching smile that
you never dreamed *1 lillthe mischiet was done,
fn town's and theatFs, :fd thronged assemblies
of the rich and tiller, fail you are on your guard;
you are exposed, aijd on your breastplate,
and pas3~TfrrSbvfi the rmst deadly onslaught ol
beauty safe ami sound But in those sylvan
retreats, dreaming of nightingales, and hearing
only the lowing of oxen you are taken by sur
prise.
Out steps a fair creaure—crosses a glade
leaps a stile. You start— you stand back in
wonder and astonished admiration ! You take
out your tablet to write a .sonnet on the return
of the Nymphs and Drvat* to the earth, when
up comes John Toriipkiiis and says, ‘lts only
the farmer’s daughter.’ What, have farmers
such daughters now.a.days ? Yes, I toll you
they have such daughters. ‘Those farm-houses
ate dangerous places. Lei no man with a po
etioal imagination, which is only another name
for a very tender heart, Halter himself with fan
cies of the calm delights of the country ; with
the serene idea of sitting with the farmer in his
old-fashioned chimney corner, and hearing him
talk of corn and mutton ; of joining him in the
pensive pleasure ol'a pipe and a jug of brown
October; of listening to the gossips of the com
fortable farmer’s wife,| or the parson and his
family, of his sermons, And his pig ; over a fra
grant enp of young hysVin, or wrapped in the
delicious luxuries ofcusljards or whipped cream.
In walks a fairy vision (Wwonderous witchery,
xv it
mystcrioifl , , 4
at mV*
ient. boiled, stewed, or in soup. tht^^H
niofe useful vegetables, and it has the aaH”
of taking but little room ; it may be pluo^Hßß|
where; it cat) be used iu an alternate i>HBB
almost anything, ami not ri tjniie n'Hß|
six inch extra allowance be.wren the
if they tin* planted in rows two met aptfl . ~j
ciop you please may be planted tirtwrcHH
especially any kind of winter greenJß
4 he seed ill a patch in February.
comes up, keep it very clear of weVdl. As
soon as large enough, plant out six inches apart
in a piece of well dressed ground and when it
has required good strength, plant nine inches
apart in the row, and the rows two feet asunder
for a crop between, or one foot asunder if no
other crop is to be introduced; but le'tuces may
be planted in the alternate rows and the alter
nation of crops looks well if nicely managed.
It is as well to earth up leeks as you would
celery, that is, sufficient to blanch about three
inches or so of the plant. Boiled in salt and
water till they are tender, and eaten with melt
ed butter like asparagus, and sea-kale, the wa
ter being changed when half done, the leek is
excellent, when used in soup, they should be
boiled, cut into two inch lengths, and used in
plenty by stexving them afterwards with the soup
itself. The leek is not sufficiently cultivated
among coltagers ; and seme object to them on
account of their very strong flavor, xvhile boil
ing them and throwing theJirsl water just be
fore they are quite done renders them as mild
as a Spanish onion; xvhereas, there are many
advantages in their culture that should induce
them to be adopted to a great extent, if not pre
ferred for the purpose to which pinions are gen
erally devoted. *
From Bowen's Farmer.
Preparation of W heat Seed.
By sifting, xvith suitable seives, the large
„ plump berries may he separated Trom the small
and shiivellcd, which \jill. make a great
! improvement. Then wash throughly in water,
violently, and skim off all floating sub
lYrßmces. Violent washing will rub ofl’the seeds
(xof.fungUSjW.hich might cause smut or their dis
eases, atm destroy the eggs of insects ; and by
ski n ijp mg. the JigiiLse *(I tid other refuse sub
elude and.
Sc., for which
ded violent washing. The following is cheap,
convenient, safe, and probably as effectual as
any ; and it has the important advantage of
floating oats, and grains of comparative lightness
that sink in pure water.
Make a solution of salt ns strong as it can be
made, which is probably about one quart of salt
to two gallons of water. In this steep the wheat
and remove worthless matters that rise ; also
the grains of wheat of comparative lightness.—
It is best to soak the wheat twenty-four hours ;
but when thus prepared, it the weather is favora
ble, it will keep iu good condition for several
days or weeks, if the brine is strong, as it will
not vegetate in it.
We have kept wheat a week or two in this
way ; and a farmer informed us that he had pre
pared his wheat in brine, when his interval,
where be intended to sow, was overflowed, and
he kept it in the brine three weeks, and, as it xvas
late, he then spread and dried it, aud sowed it the
| next spring xvith success.
| After soaking wheat in brine, drain oft’ the
i brine, which is a good manure, and add suffi
| ciont slacked lime to make it dry enough to sow.
Soxv soon after the lime is added. If any acci
! dent or storm prevents sowing soon, return
the grain to the brine, as the best preserva
| tive.
Roots for Stock.
Not only the farmer who unites xvith his other
) vocations that of stock raising, but the mechanic
l xvho keeps but a single cow*, should endeavor to
i supply himself with a sufficiency of roots for xvin
j ter use. There are several x-arieties of roots cul
tivated for this purpose —all of which arc, no
doubt, possessed of considerable value; yet some
are superior to others for their greater hardiness
greater yield, or superior richness in the ele
ments of animal food. The carrot, the beet, the
parsnip, and several species of the turnip are cul
tivated for this purpose, and generally with good
mat
’■ in my pract l^
the Port Mr. Charles A. Peabody, from
a Native Grape, I most sheerfully bear testimony to
its purity and excellence.
1 am well acquainted with Mr. Pealiody, and his
character for intelligence and honor, as well as the
actual trials which 1 have made of the Wine, warrant
me in assuring the profession and public that it is a
perfectly pure article, and may therefore be relied
upon in all cases of sickness where wine is indi
cated. P. 11. WILDMAN, M. D.
Columbus, Ga., April 22,1843.
jtfr. Charles .4. Peabttl y:
Dear Sir— The bottle of Wine I have received,
and find it more agreeable to my taste than any I
ever used ; would say that in all cass where Port
Wine was admissible, or an astringent required, yonr
wine would be a fine remedy.
Respectfully, S. A. BILLING.
Fresh Imported Turnip Seed.
ENGLISH Norfolk, Swedish Ruta Baga, White
Dutch, Large Red Top, Long Hanover. For
sale by CHARLES A. PEABODY,
At the Drug Store f J. F. Winter &. Cos.
and from the Store of Peabody &. C ® J 7
Columbus. Juljr 5 1849.
PROSPECTUS
or THE
Mfl.soagßi ontaeft&t.
L. F. W. ANDREWS,
General Editor.
■"“* Department.
The second halfyear of the sth vol
ume of tlris Journal was commenced
on the first week in July, on the fol
lowing plan:
I. As the name imports, the PO-’
LITICAL principles of the paper will
be thoroughly DEMOCRATIC. —
The doctrines anti measures advoca-
ison, and other distinguished States
men of the Republican School. Be
sides the support of general principles
of the Democratic creed, this paper
will ever be found the strenuous advo
cate of Southern rights, and South
ern interests, in opposition to the mad
schemes of Northern Fanatics and
Foreign Emissaries.
11. A department of tho paper will
be devoted to the cause of EDUCA
TION and POLITE LITERA
TURE, where may be found the gem
of poetical composition, the instruc
tive Tale, the chaste Essay and agree
able Miscellany, with occasional notice
of the progress of Science and the
Arts.
111. The Department of AGRI
CULTURE will receive special at
tention. Notices of all improvements
in the culture of the earth —rearing of
stock—domestic economy, and every
thing in which the husbandman takes
cither pride or pleasure, shall have
its allotted place in our columns.
! This Department is under tho
charge of
MR. CIIAS. A. PEABODY ,
the well known and successful Planter,
Horticulturist and Florist, of this vi
cinity. He will, in addition to the ap
propriation of the valuable labors of
others, give our readers the result of
| his own~~Bractienl experience in farm-