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The Farm and Garden,
Restocking * ranis Luudn^
Dear Sir: I am a full believer in
grass as the product for tho farms of
New England, and, in fact, fur most of
the northern section of our country,
and the great question is, how to keep
our lands continually in grass. I have
rroticed your suggestions as to top
drejsing, and have practiced upon them
with a good degree of success, but the
trouble with me is to get sufficient top
dressing, and I want to know how it
would work to turn over some of my
land and restock it without goiug
through with the expensive process of
raising hoed crops. Any information
you can give us on this point will much
oblige an
Inquiring .Farmer.
Certainly you can turn over vour land
and restock it without a hoed or grain
crop. Tho thing is often done, and we
never know it to fail of success The
Tho common practice in New England
is to plow in July or August, harrow
thoroughly as soon as the land will mel
low nicely, and put on some fertilizer
and a liberal allowance of a variety of
grass-seed. This restocking should be
(lone just beforo a shower, or, better
still, just before a long rain in the lat
ter part of August or the fore part of
September, and tho seed is suro to
catch and get a good start before win
ter. With such management we have
never known a case where a large crop
of grass was not secured the following
summer, and wo have often wondered
why this practice is not more generally
adopted, and we are much obliged to an
inquiring farmer for calling our atten
tion to thiß subject. It is a mere prej*
udice to suppose that grass-seed must
bo sown with grain, and that land must
be plowed and hoed for two or three
years in succession beforo it is in fit
condition to be rostockcd. We have
heard some old farmers affirm that the
grain shadowed the young blades of
grass and kept them from drying up,
but the protection that grain affords to
grass is much like that a wolf furnish
es the lamb. It is too close an embrace.
The grain draws on tho soil for the
lion’s share of nutriment. The shad
owing process cannot be denied, but wo
lave yet to seo the case where shadow
ng was advantageous to grass. Who
ever has tried growing grass with and
without tho shadow of grain must be
satisfied that the shadow is a positive
damage.
Wc must opt, however, be understood
as advocating the restocking of grass
land as a necessary process in all cases.
If the land is natural to grass we much
prefer to keep the old roots than to re
new them. The forage on old land is
firm and of a more varied character
than w hen it is freshly stocked. As we
stock land we put in two, three, or half
u dozen kinds of seed. The next year
we find new kinds of grass coming in,
and in the course of a few years a doz
en, often a scoro of grassos, can be
found, and a natural rotation goes on
from year to year. With a good top
dressing annually or frequently the bet
ter grasses will continuo to predotni.
riatc. Wo must not, however, expect
good grass unless tho land is well fed.
A thorough-fed field will produce a
largo variety and quantity of the best
grasses, just as certainly as a thorough
bred oow will produce a good calf, and
this whether tho season is cold or hot,
wet or dry. The tendencies of nature,
as of morals, aro to both evil and good,
and whether tho one or tho other prci
dominates depends upon tho oulture.—
Tho old divines used to maintain that
tho land was cursed for Adam’s sin, and
in consequenco brought forth briars and
-thorns. However this may bo, the
command was given to man to till and
subdue the earth, and we are certain
that it can bo made to produce pretty
much what we -please. This .year, for
instance, wo notice on some fields a su
perabundance of white daisies. A car
companion—of course not much versed
iD .agriculture—recently said to us,
f ‘What largo fields of buckwheat you
aro raising in New England this year!”
■and we could hardly convince him that
the fields were white with daisies. On
well cultivated lands, however, the dai
sies aro no more abundant than usual—
in fact are not to bo seen, being choked
out by the thick-set and nutritious
grasses. We know no weed that cannot
be eradicated from grass land by high
culture. Even the Canada thistle and
the stubborn “live forever” muFt suc
oumb to better forage if tho latter is
well fed.
We do not pretend to be able to ac
count for this improvement of grass
If b‘ds ; under good culture. Whence the
seeds of good grasses come and whith
er they go, we are as ignorant as
whence come and whither go the wiuds;
bwt as euro as the ravens aro gathered
where tho carcass is, so suro will the
grasses grow whore they find the prop*
or pabulum in rich abundance. We
have a dozen varieties of grf.ss growing
in our fields of which wo never sowed a
seed, and wo notice a change fremyear
to year, but no deterioration, so long as
the land is well fed. To bring in tre
foil (red clover,) we have only to apply
a good dressing of gypsum. Sprinkle
wood ashes liberally, and white olover
if sure to show itself. Top dross with
compost, of which muck is tho base,
and meadow-fescue, herds grass, and
red-top put in an appearance. On the
foundation of a coal pit there i3 a suffi
ciency of inorganic matter to make
white clover grow for half a century,
provided a growth of trees does not in
torfero. There is many a mowing lot
in Massachusetts which has not been
plowed since the land was first redeem
ed from the forest, and which is still
producing good crops of the best of
bay. Of course, these lots have good
culture, or are so situated as to receive
the wash lrom neighboring lands, or a
deposit from the overflow of a contigu
ous stream. Fortunate is tho owner of
a river meadow which is kept in good
heart for the production of grass by
the annual overflow. We know of no
land that makes bigger returns for lit.
tie labor. With a liver meadow in
front and good grazing in the rear a
fanner uoo.ds but little wit to. make a
living. A fortune is sure to follow
good' management.
We aro aware, however, that there
is as much difference in tho natural ca
pacity of land as in that of men, and
every firmer should study the consti
tution of his soil just as a wise father
studies tho nature of his child, and put
it to the uses for which it is best adapt
ed. While grass is the indigenous and
leading product of the North, not evs
cry field can be most profitably employ
ed in its constant production. A ro
tation of roots and grain is in somo
cases a dictate of economy, if not of
necessity. Whenever it is deemed ad
visable to plow, it should be understood
that the mere act of plowing does not
add to the fertility of the soil. The
plow may turn under much inorganic
matter, and does produce an ameliora
ting physical influence on the soil, but
the root and grain crops arc more ex
haustive than grass, and unless some
fertilizer is applied, the land when re
stocked with grass is not iu so good
heart as beforo. P’owing without fer
tilizing is ruinous to most of our farms.
It is as bad as the bleeding which some
nervous women used to think necessary
for their health every spring. We once
asked a farmer why he plowed up a
pasture once in every fivo or six years
His answer was, “to subdue the weeds
and bring in some nutiitious grass.”—
He put on no manure, and raised a crop
of rye, restocking with grass. But tho
field fin illy refused to yield rye, or any
thing else but a crop of white birches.
An “Inquiring Farmer” must not
think he can plow and restock with
grass immediately without some fertil
izer. If his land is in good heart, a
to'p-dressing of wood ashes and plaster
may be all sufficient; but if his land
is run down, he must not think that
plowing will save his compost. In all
cases where wo have known this mode
of restocking, without grain, to suc
ceed, some fertilizer has been invaria
bly used, generally well-rotted barn**
yard manure or compoßt. This gives
tho seed a vigorous start, and enables
it to resist the rigors of winter. Ifour
friend’s compost heap has given out
wo should recommend him to try Prof.
Staekbridge’s specialty for grass. Wc
cannot speak from experience of his for
mula, but are confident that it must be
good so far as it goes, and it certainly
is a cheap receipt for renovating grass
lands. To produco one ton of hay per
acre in addition to the natural capacity
of land Prof. Stackbridge recommends
180 pounds sulphate of ammonia, 70
pounds muriate of potash, and 95
pounds of superphosphate of lime. We
hope “Inquiring Farmer” will try his
formula and report results. —Alexander
Hyde, in New York Times.
Harvesting Grain.
Men differ as to the best and proper
time to cut wheat. Many say it should
stand until the grain is quite hard, and
then cut and pit it into tho barn al
most immediately. Others cut earlier
and often put it into the barn or stack
before it has had time to cure. I have
no doubt, if the wheat is intended for
seed, though the sample will be quite
rough and will not look so nice, it is
better to let it get quite hard previous
to cutting ; but for grinding, and to
make 6ure of a fine sample for sale, this
is a mistake. When secure in this
hard state, and through being so long
exposed to the sun before cutting, it is
impossible for tho miller to separate the
bran from the flour so thoroughly ; con
sequently the flour is coarse and brown.
Also, when cut so late, if there is much
to handle, considerable will be lost be*
fore the whole is secured.
For several reasons it is desirable to
cut while in a soft state. If the berry
is past the milky state, and when like
soft dough, it is as good time as can be.
I have known large wheat raisers to cut
it very green. The color is brighter,
the berry more plump, the quality
nicer, the straw softer and tougher—
not so liable to break up when thrash
ed —all of which is very desirable. It
is a settled question that more and bet
tei flour can bj roado from this wheat.
Of course, to cut in this green or soft
state more time is required to cure be
fore hauling. Many object to this on
account of rains, and are anxious to
barn the grain immediately after cut
ting. We know it is not pleasant to
have rain d.iy after day on wheat if not
properly set up in shock.
My custom is to cut when in the.
dougiiy state, make good sized bundles,
set them up well—six bands upright
and two to cap with, making eight al
together ; let them stand till the wheat
is hard enough to grind. The wheat
will not be injured by moderate rains,
and the heads not being much exposed
to the sun will not bo injured by dry
ing too quickly. lamin no hurry to
haul the wheat if other work is press
ing. I have found all through thirty
five years’ experience that it is best to
cut early and give sufficient field room.
Most of the musty wheat is caused by
being put together too soon after cut
ting, even if the wheat and straw seem
quite dry. As so many of our farmers
raise green weeds with their crops, and
these, getting mixed up with the wheat
cause it to heat and mold in the mow or
stock.— Ohio Farmer.
To destroy lice in chicken houses
fumigate them with brimstone and char
coal. Set firo to them on an iron pan,
and use freely, burning three or four
pounds at a time. They will make
a big smoke, but there need be no
danger. Tho fumigation will kill all
the lice.
We believe that our farmers should
clean up thoir farms and get out the
way useless stuff and rubbish, but we
want to take our stand against tho use*
less waste of timber. It is all right to
cultivate the lands that have been cut
over, to cultivate large prairies, to cub
tivate woll and faithfully all that is not
covered with stalwart timber.
Job Work neatly aud cheaply execu
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