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Vol. I.
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING
BY
SAHEL S- JACK.
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INTERNAL 1M PROV EM ENT.
Cjentbaij Ratl Road.—lt is always a
source of exultation to dwell on the improve
ments, which progressing under our own eye
nttd on our own soil, cannot full to exalt us in
our own estimation and in that of others.
With the pride of Georgians we hailed the
efforts of the Gworgia Rail Road Company to
benefit by Internal Improvement a large por- i
tion of the people of Georgia. That pride I
was increased w hen the survey of the country
between Savannah and Macon annbumced the I
practicability of a compartivt ly cheap road,
promising, when completed, to the citizens of
middle Georgia all the advantages which a
choice of markets affords, and at the same ,
time appealing to all their pride of state to |
prefer a commercial intercourse with n peo
ple, more akin in feeling, if not in interest. 1
We need not do more than extend our vis
ion across the river which alternately leaves
the shores of S. Carolina and Georgia, and
wo behold a State smaller in territory, ahead
of us in the great work of Internal Improve
ment, simply because to the talent invoked
there was united one spirit—no mind on the
part of her citizens, urging on the ball which
first received an impetus from the exertions of
a few. Tlrat spirit has been so diffused
throughout the state as to connect, in antici
pation, the seaport of S. Carolina with the
capital of distant Ohio.
Their unanimity of spirit, and of action wo
admire—but we must not be lost in admira
tion. As Georgians, we should pause and
ask ourselves —are we united—aro we one in
spirit and in action? Have we that pride
which refuses to witness other states outstrip
us in enterprise, anil a commercial city in
another state, enriched at the expense ol ma
ny of our citizens.
Wo are satisfied such pride exists, and as
soon as it is evident to our citizens in the in
terior that the seaports of Georgia are strain
ing every nerve to recover lost ground,—-lost
for a time only,—a proper spirit on their part
will be developed, which, by linking the cast
and the West, the northern and southern per
tions of Georgia, will constitute her the em
pire state of the Atlantic south, and her own
“Savannah” if not the Queen, the commercial
Empress of the south.
With a phalanx of Georgia hearts, panting
in the race for state supremacy, with their
enthusiasm properly directed, their industry
and zeal will unlock the rich wealth ol their
stale, and diffusing it throughout her borders,
build up and enrich her own cities, while the
valleys of the interior will bloom in fertility.
But by the* space allowed us we are re
minded that our remarks must bo less discur
sive.
We merely intended to say that eighty
tniles of the Central Rail Road, although un
der contract, are not yet finished. Twenty.
V»ree miles only are, as yet, travelled by 10.
nomouve and sixty.five graded. 1000 tons
iron purchased by the company, is on the
|ead and will construct thirty.three mites.
tons more have been ordered to arrive
before the first of June, which will be iron
sufficient to build all the road, as yet, under
contract. The contracts for the timber and
laying the superstructure keep pace with the
contracts for grading. The contracts both
for grading and superstructure are engaged
with great zeal, and every thing progresses
profitably. The number of laborers under
the various contractors exceeds 500- These
facts exhibit a flattering progress in 17
months, the first spade having been planted
in the soil the latter part of October, 1836.
The road in its route, will pass through the
county of Burke, crossing the Ogechee river
in the county of Jefferson, and will thence
proceed about Williamson’s swamp as far as
“the double bridges.” Beyond these the lo
cation of the road is not determined, although
several surveys between these bridges and
Macon have been made.
A party of surveyors under Mr. Coyle, as
sistant engineer has recently started for Ma
con, with the intention of surveying the
country between the Oconee and Ocmulgce
fivers.
One word as to the speed on the road.
If our Milledgeville friends will visit us, our
word for it, that the “Georgia,” and “Ten
nesse” will carry them, if they wish, more
than 21 miles an hour.”
But indulging a hope of soon giving them
a ride, we without further parley, introduce
them (through their editorials) to our readers.
Savannah Georgian.
From the Federal Union.
It is truly gratifying to us to learn that
this road is rapidly progressing. We are in
formed that eighty miles or more are already
finished, and are now travelled daily by steam
cars going at the rate of not less than 21
miles an hour.
If the information wc get be true, in rela
tion to the hands employed and tho energy of
the superintendants us this road, it cannot be
very long before the whole road will be com
pleted from Savannah to Macon.
Who can now doubt the practicability of
the noble enterprise, and who will not have
his State pride augmented, at the thought
that there arc now hopes which arc well foun
ded, as to Georgia’s presenting to her own
citizens and to the people us the west advan
tages as to Rail Road conveyance, and a com
mercial seaport fur their products—surpassed
by none on the Southern coast, from Norfolk
to New Orleans. Tho natural advantages of
Savannah combined with the facilities this
Rail Road will add tojier commercial impor
tahce, cannot fail to resuscitate her prosper
ity, and we may safely conjecture that new
energy and vigor will be imparted to the com
mercial character of this city, so long ncglec
ied. To this city Georgia, at present may look
for the important benefits to be derived from
the internal improvements now making in the
State.
Whilst the people of the South by Con
ventions and the like are devising measures to
retain at home that portion of the commerce
of the country to the benefit of which the
South is entitled, may wc not look with some
confidence to Georgia’s works of internal im
provements, and her superior advantages over
the States adjoining, as an inducement for her
being made a beneficiary us the commercial
transactions of the South.
This Rail Road when finished, must cause
Savannah’s slumber as to trade to be shaken
off, her energies revived, and her diverted
commerce to be turned to its proper channel.
Georgia will be no longer so dependent on
the ports of other States for an outlet for her
products, and a place for the reception of her
numerous commodities for consumption. Her
merchants will no longer be compelled to sub
mit to the discounts and difference in exchange
now paid by them, upon the funds of their
State, equally good as those of the States in
which they are necessitated to make their
purchases and their payments.
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAIL
ROAD.
We learn from a highly intelligent and re
spectable gentleman who lately passed along
the line of this road about lo be constructed
by the Slate, the fol lowing summary of facts:
In conformity with the advertisements pre
viously published by the Commissioners, they,
on the 7th of this instant, put under contract,
fitly-two miles of this road, commencing in
the county of DeKalb, eight miles south of
the Chattahoochee river, and extending thro
Cobb into Cass c '.mty, two or three miles be
yond Etowah river.
These contracts are for excavation and em
bankment, but not for masonry or bridges.
The contractors are about twenty in number,
and the contracts a shade higher than the en
gineer laid before the last Legislature. The
whole of the embankments and excavations
on this portion of the road are now under
contract to he completed by the 4th of July,
1839. We are assured that for persevering
industry, responsibility and character, no
road was ever placed in the hands of superior
men. It is confidently slated that this is the
heaviest and most extensive set of contracts
W isdonij Justice, an d Moderation.
ROME, FLOYD COUNTY, GEORGIA, MAY 5, 1838.
ever entered into at one time, on any public
work in the United States, and yet not a doubt
is expressed of every contract being comple
ted by the time agreed on.
To the commissioners is due and should be
awarded that credit which promptitude and
ability in the discharge of their duties so justly
entitled them; but this takes nothing from
the praise which justice must award to the
Engineer’s Department. The traveller who
has passed the Chattahoochee river at Mont
gomery’s ferry, and proceeded to Cassville,
by the main road, has seen the field through
which this great work is projected. The
deep ravines, huge hills, mountain ridges,
and large rivers which have to be passed,
from obstacles, which, at an early day, would
have been pronounced wholly insurmountable.
The plans by which the overcoming of these
obstacles have been projected, have been ma
tured with great labor, and (if we might give
an opinion) consummate skill. The deepest
cut through the earth in the construction of
this road, will be at the Allatoona mountain,
the lessened but yet formidable barrier, known
further north, as the Alleghany. This ridge
is eighty.six feet above the highest point of
the road, and may require, for a short distance,
to be perforated with a tunnel*
The highest bridge will cross a small stream
near the Chattahoochee, at an elevation of
one hundred and twenty feet. No fear is
entertained, that the masonry or bridges on
this road, will progress slower than the other
part of the work. The masonry is unusually
light, and the bridges, though somewhat ex
tensive, are all practicable and safe. The
materials for both abundant and of good qual
ity.
We shall not, we trust, be thought to do
injustice to any of his co-laborcrs, by refer
ring to the beautiful display of drawing and
penmanship performed by Mr. Stockton,
one of the assistant engineers, for the infor
mation of contractors. The road was laid
off into sections of about one mile, on eveiy
hundred feet of which, an exact calculation
had to be made of the cubic yards of excava
tion or embankment it would require, and of
the grade of ascent or descent on which the
road was to run. Stakes stuck into tho
ground along the road, exhibited in plain pain
ted figures the result of the calculations. But
Mr. Stockton had with great labor and art
thrown together on a map some ten feet in
length, the whole of this information in one
view. On the same plan was exhibited the
extent and position of the bridges, depth of
excavations and height of embankments —and
we have no doubt other and essential infor
mation overlooked or forgotten; for wo Ought
not to conceal the fact that no examination of
these beautiful plans was made with an inten
tion of commentary in regard to them. If
therefore we have committed any error we
trust it will be excused. But we were so
struck with the beauty of the drawings and
the exactness of the information they display
ed that we could not do justice to our feelings
without bestowing on them this notice.
Federal. Union.
MAMMOTH DONES.
In the excavation of the Brunswick and
Altamaha Canal, there has been discovered, |
about five miles from this place, a large de
posit of bones of extraordinary size, and in
a remarkable state of preservation. Several
vertebrre, of eight inches in transverse diame
ter, have been discovered. Teeth, of which
the top is nine inches in the longer diameter
and five inches in breadth, and about as large
as a man’s hat, have also been excavated.
These were evidently of a smalcr character.
There have been found also, smaller teeth of
more solid structure, with pointed crowns, and
apparently belonging to some carnivorous an
imal. Portions of large tusks have also been
excavated, of the perfect structure of ivory.
I These last were much crumbled, but to judge
, by the size of the circles marked in the ivory,
■ the original diameter of the tusks could not
' have been less than ten or twelve inches. It
I is probable that the principal deposit of bones
■ has scarcely been reached as yer, though sev
eral cart loads have been excavated, all that
I have yet been discovered were within six feel
l of tlu» surface. They fie mostly embedded in
a blue clay. Thus far they have not been
, uncovered with care, and no notes haye been
taken of the relative position in which the
different species of bones have been found.
, In future the excavation will proceed with
' the attention due to the discovery of such
curiosities. We behove they are the first of
' the kind that have been found in Georgia,
j Specimens will be forwarded to scientific so
! cieties, and we wait the result of their exam
| i nation with great interest.
In the salt marshes upon the shores of our
I bay are found, at the depth o» from six to fii
* teen feet, frequent roots and stumps of the
i cypress—a tree which grows only in fresh
marshes. May it not bo, that the Altamaha
once discharged its waters at this port, and
that in the convulsion of nature which chan
ged its bed—removing it twelve miles to the
northward, these giant animals were destroyed
and embedded together, having sought for
security what was then the highest point of
land?— Brunswick advocate.
The Steam Frigate, tec.—From a let
ter in the Baltimore Patriot, with the New
York date of 26th March, we make this ex
tract:—lb.
The courtesy of Capt- Perry, U. S. N.
brother to the immortal hero of same name,
enabled me by a short cruise in the frigate
Fulton, on Thursday to appreciate the value
of u steam battery.
One thousand tons burthen, propelled by
engines capable of exerting nine hundred
horse power, moving at the rate of 14 knots
an hour, presenting a small surface above
water to hostile cannon, armed with six 68
pounders, and enabled by the distance at which
she can hull an enemy, without exposure to a
return fire, she is invaluable in harbor defence,
and if the system is carried out, will render
useless further expenditures on fortifications.
Her engines are perfect—no vibratory jar
from the tremendous propelling force, and a
child with his feeble arm turned a crank,
which ill an instant arrested the progress of
this moving leviathan, and brought her to re
pose in perfect stillness.
Tho Macedonian Frigate get under way
with us, and we towed her round the shoals
with the case of a canoe, and described a cir
cle within our own length.
The science displayed by her young engi
neers was most gratifying. Midshipmen, just
entering the service of their country, are en
abled by discipline and experience, imparted
by her accomplished commander, to regulate
and control this mighty mass, and in no posi
tion can our gallant naval officers of all grades
be better employed than in this service.
A few months imparts knowledge and ex
perience, and when twenty additional steam
batteries of.increased size, say 1500 tons each,
arc constructed, our sea coast will be invul
nerable.
One painful incident marred the pleasure
of our excursion. Just ns we were sitting
down to dinner, Capt. Perry sent to invite the
surgeon—the orderly answered, a man had
cut his arm —request him to bear a hand, as
wc are waiting for him—the man’s arm is
not quite off yet, but will be in a few minutes.
The humane feelings of the Captain promp
ted him to repair to the cock-pit and cheer
the poor fellow under the operation, assuring
him that a full pension would provide for the
comforts of his future life—and he, thanking
God that his right arm was still left, cheer
fully submitted to the operation. His left had
been caught in the towing rope, and was shat
tered to fragments.
The beautiful ship Levant lays in the
stream. She is one of the largest class of
sloops of war—constructed under the super
vision of our gallant townsmen, Commodore
Ridgley, with all tho modern improvements,
and is a perfect model of Naval Architecture,
of which the nation may be proud.
“Conundrum extra. —Why don’t the
Bank of the United States of Pennsylvania
resume specie payment? D’ye give it up?
’ Because a large portion of her specie has been
! turned into silver plates and dishes for Mr.
Biddle and his friends to -dine off.—Do you
doubt it, worthy friend! if so call at Fletcher’s,
in Chesnut street, Philadelphia, and you may
there sec such a sight as you never before
beheld—a tabic several yards in length, com
pletely covered with, a service of solid silver
—immense salvers, some of which a weak arm
would find it difficult to lift; upwards of a
hundred and fifty pieces, costing above twenty
thousand dollars— a sum equal to a perpetual
annuity, better even than a ground rent ofi
twelve hundred dollars a year.—What think
ye, ye vulgar shapes of clay—ye who dine
off common earthen ware! Has t it Nicholas I
reason to be proud of his bank? Reflect for
a moment upon the facts as they are. The
worthy President sits down to dinner; a smile
lights up his pleasant face; inexpressible sat
isfaction sparkles in his eye. What causes
it? Ah! bis vision rests upon the inscription
deeply graven in the silver dishes. “Presen
ted. by the Stockholders of the Bank of the
I ailed States to Nicholas Biddle, in commem
oration of his faithful services and devotion to
their interests, and of his having established
the best currency in the world.” Reader this
is no dream; there is no ideal glory in this:
1 the real, substantial, solid stuff is at the bot
. tom of it. Upon that dinner table, in the
shape of silver utensils, is as much in value,
producing no value but gratification to the
eye, or nourishment to the vanity of its own
er, as w<wild give a dinner, at a dollar a head,
to twenty thousand men: as at the same price,
would feast twelve hundred persons annually
forever. In other words, the table of Nicho
las BiddD, President of the Bank of the Uni
ted States, independent of the price of the
food placed upon it, pays a yearly rent of
twelve hundred dollars, and this, too, at a time
when the friends of the man to whom this
! gift is made are crying out “hard times”—
I “ruined merchants”-impovcrished mechanics”
“starving laborers;” and at a time, too, when
the bank which thus heaps tho dinner table of
its President with massive silver vessels to
eat and drink from, positively, in violation
of all obligation and all law, refuses to furnish
any thing but paper to redeem its promises
and liabilities* We are fond of viewing
things by contrast, they are thus seen in the
most striking light; and with such a view be
fore us, we ask, can any thing be more stri
k*ng> than to take a peep at Nicholas Biddle
sitting down to dinner, at a table groaning
und r the burthen of twenty thousand dollars
worth of silver, presented to him by the stok
nolders of the bank, at a moment when the
same Bank refuses to pay out a single silver
hfeilar to redeem its notes, which it has prom
ised to pay in coin.”—A 7 . I r . Sun.
11 Facilities to the amount of fifteen or twen
ty millions!” “Facilities!” What means
the word? If 20 per cent., charged on the
depreciated price of cotton be 'facilities
then, indeed, has Mr. Biddle “given” them.
He has made the Southwestern banks discredit
their own paper to sustain his, and as an ad
ditional premium, got possession of their for
eign bills drawn on the shipments, and sold
them at a premium in New York and Phila
delphia—while the planter has borne the whole
burden. His “ confidential agent in England”
looked rather to the interests of the bank, as
a great cotton bill holder, than to the “com
mercial and pecuniary interests of the coun
try.” Wc should like to see a full and fair
statement of the nett profits he realized last
year on these shipments of cotton. It might
serve to open the eyes of the Southwestern
banks and People to the miserable folly of
placing themselves at the mercy of a huge
moneyed monopoly in Philadelphia.
But why enlarge bn the subject? The very
fact here announced, showing tho control of
twenty millions in the hands of one man,
coupled with the fatal fluctuations of the cur
rency incident to this perverted system, ought
to be sufficient of themselves to show the
staple States, the disastrous consequences of
their dependence. If such things do not a
rouse the public mind in the South, nothing
will. And yet there are men—Representa
tives from the South and Southwest, so intent
on tho acquisition of political power—so obe
dient to the dictation of ambitious aspirants—
that they will, reckless of consequences, vote
to revive the connection between the Govern
ment and the banks, —though they must see,
if not from reason, certainly from experience
—that the benefits of such connection must
enure to the Northern banks exclusively;
thus doubly increasing their means of oppress
ing the South? Tremendous as is their power
already, they W'ouldadd to it the whole weight
and influence of the Government credit! Are
their constituents so blind as not to see—or so
imbecile as not to resent such conduct.
Washington Chronicle.
opinion is daily gaining ground
that Biddle’s opposition to a resumption in
May, is owing to a total inability on the part
of the United States Bank to resume. In
other words Nicholas Biddle is bankrupt and
cannot pay, find his opposition to the resuming
banks is owing to this fact. Ilis letter declar
ing the resumption inexpedient, has produced
considerable excitement, and has opened the
eyes of many, heretofore friendly to the Penn
sylvania institution, to its true condition. The
sooner the fire brand of faction blows up the
better for the country and for the people.
Nicholas Biddle once asked “when the peni
tentiary would reclaim its fugitives?” referring
to those pure statesmen connected with the
administration of General Jackson. We tell
him the “penitentiary” will reclaim its own,
when the man who issued millions upon mill
ions of dead notes of a defunct bank, knowing
at the time they never would be redeemed, is
snugly secured. Then the penitentiary will
have reclaimed its fugitive!
_ THE BANK CONVENTION.
The New York Courier & Enquirer, ol
the 13th instant says: —A Committee of one
from each State was yesterday appointed, to
whom the whole subject *of resumption w^ 8
referred. The Committee consisted of A.
Ware, D. H. Treadwell, Wm. Richmond,
Albert Gallatin, J. Carruthers, J. B. Morns,
J. Brockenbrough, J. F. D. Lamer, Martin
Thomas, George T. Hodges, Philip Marrett,
Asa Bacon, Silas Condit, Jos. Baily, J- I.
i Van Ness, Duncan Cameron, John Delafield,
J. J. Hughes.
The Committee will report this morning.
We understand that it has decided, by a vote
! of 13 to 5, to report in favor of the appoint
ment of a dav for the general resumption.
The number of delegates who have taken
seats in the Convention are 143.
Maine 1, Pennsylvania 2, Vermont 0,
Maryland 6, New Hampshire 1, District ol
Columbia 2, Massachusetts 24, Virginia 4,
Rhode Island 9, North Carolina 1, Connecti
cut 24, Indiana 1, N. York 40, Mississippi 2,
New Jersey 11, Illinois 2, Delaware 3, Missou
ri 1.
AO 16.