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nation of the lrealy, anti nuiVatniiitai that, in ,
overy' respect it, was comformablo to ad otliei
Indian treaties. The whole -difficulty, and the
only difficultv, had grown out ol John Russ,
v/ho produced it for his own persona! benefit;
for he had shown himself, by Ins own admis
sions in his letters to the bee ret ary of \> ar, to
bo purchasable at a price. -dr. !• admitted
that the treaty was made by less than a major
ity, but Ross represented a much less number
than those who made it, lor he and his friends
'.-/ere invested with power, by only about elc
ven hundred, out cf a number alleged to con
cist of seventeen thousand. So far from Ross
' being actuated by a regard for the interests oi
bis people, or a love of his-couiit-ry, be was im
pelled solely by a love of Inert; and if enough
vas given to him, if ho was bribed high e
nough, he would consent to any treaty, or any
modification of the present one. After dwel
ling upon the subject generally for some time,
he concluded, and
Mr. Marvin took the floor, and went on to
' review and condemn- the recent policy of the
Government towards the aborigines. He
then commented upon the treaty with the Se
necas, and said that the community which he
represented would have their feelings outraged
by any course of fraud or injustice; and he
felt bound to protest against the course ot the
Government, m the payment of the annuity tc
1 he Senecas.
Mr. Hay nes objected as a point of order,
that the payment of annuities to the Senecas
bad nothing to do with the suppression ol In
dian hostilities.
Mr. Marvin claimed the right, in committee,
to go into the policy of ihu government to
wards the Indians generally.
Mr. Haynes said if the gentleman wished to
go into questions of general pohey, he would
withdraw his question of order.
Mr. Marvin then went on to state that the
annuity of six thousand dollars had not been
paid, and that the Indians had been compelled
to subsist upon charity. He had called upon
the depai tment, in relation to the subject, und
bad been answered that the money waa sent in
June last, but had not been paid, in conse
qucnce of the pendency of negociations for it
new treaty: and, he referred, with objections,
to the attempt to pay nnnuilies with goods,
purchased in New York, which were not wan
ted, instead of paying in.specie, according to
the treaty. He said that it had been alleged,
that the withholding the annuity would be us
od among the Indians as an argument that it
was intended to force them into a treaty; and
he believed that many of the difficulties with
the Indian nations arose from the fact, that in
terested men, without humanity and good
principles, had been employed in the making
of treaties, lie spoke of Mr. Schcrmerhorn,
as one who hud gained the confidence of Gen.
Jackson, but had conducted falsely towards the
Indians, to this country, and to bis God; and
he would render his thanks to President \an
Burcn for the good sense by which ho had re- j
fused to employ Mr. Schcrmerhorn in making!
;t treaty with the Senecas; and he went into,
the* details of the attempts of Schcrmerhorn to ’
get the confidence of the New York Indians.!
He repeated, that if there was any thing fray- j
dulent in the treaty, the people of Western
New York would be in favor of setting it a
side; but if it was in accordance with the views,
of the peoplc'ofthc nation, and if they wore
willing to sell their lands and go West, upon ’
terms that were equitable and just, they w ould
cheerfully assent to the ticafv.
Mr. Cushing briefly stated the history' ol the
-stipulations heretofore made by the State ol
Massachusetts with the State of New York in,
the cession of the lands occupied by the Sene-;
ca Indians to New Y'ork, and said that Massa* j
chusetts had stipulated that the occupancy of
the territory, the Indians should be treated
with justice; und that Massachusetts had no pe
cuniary interest in the treaty recently made,
and was represented only to .secure just and e*
quitable terms for the Indians, according to 1
previous stipulations with New Y ork.
Mr. Wise offered an amendment, which la: J
said he should move in the House, as follows : j
Provided, Thai no part of the appropria
tion herein made shall be applied, to removal
of the Cherokee Indians west of the Missis
sippi, or to preparations for hostilities with
them, until the Secretary ol War shall have
prosecuted to a conclusion of success, or fail-,
lire, the negotiations to modify the late treaty t
with that tribe, according to the recommen
dations contained in the President’s message
sent to Congress on the 22d inst.
Mr. W. then w ent on to comment with se
verity upon the treaty made by Mr. Sober
merhoru with the Chcrokees, and contended
that the treaty was made with a small pur- ’
tion of the Chcrokees not properly authori
zed, and read from documents to suppoit Ins
views, contending that the treuty ot New ,
Kchota was made with less than seventy of
the nation, consisting of over eighteen thou
sand souls, and that the people did not fivei
bound to attend the council, because it was J
summoned by Mr. Schermerhorn, who was
not it chief of the natron; and that nine
teen twentieths of the nation would op.
pose the treaty which was obtained, as the
documents would show, by fa Iso represents- ’
tiona and pretences. The fact that the treaty
was made by less thnu a hundred, was ad
mitted.
Mr. Dawscs and Mr. Haynes both protes
ted that they made uo admissions to be used
fore k-ct out of the House, either against
Georgia or the Government.
Mr. Wise still urged that the pretended
treuty was no treaty, und if the gentlemen
from Georgia did not know anv thing about
it, they ought to know, and might, if they
would look at the documents.
Mr. Legare asked if the treaty did not offer
d.o laiUuqsbetter lands, an 1, however it might
have been made, if it did not iti fact better!
tiie c.ondi’ion of the Indians.
Mr. Wise said lie had permitted the ques
tion to he asked, though it did not touch the
point under examination, which was, whether
. a treaty existed at all; but he would state that,
if the land was good, the water was not, and
they found- it unwholesome, and were not so
well oft’ as they had been. He, however,
recurred to the evidence in the case, and ap
proved of the message cf the President, which
would cost the Government a hundred thou
sand dollars, though il ought not to cost them
one dollar. He then went on and renu from
various papers, to show the opinions of officers
of the U. States, that it would be unjust to en
force a treaty, made by a few unauthorised
individuals, and opposed by the larger por
tion of the Cherokee nation. He read from
; a report of General Wool, a statement that
the great portion of the nation refused to ac
cept rations from the United States, for fear
they might comprornit themselves in relation
to tiie treaty, and that they preferred to live
! upon tfie sap of trees and upon roots, rather
j than accept rations. The report of Mr. Mu
! son, who had been sent to the nation, for the
: purpose of ascertaining facts, was also read
in part, to support the ground that the voice
iof the nation was unanimous against the
j tieaty, and that it would never be assented to
| as an authorised treaty, nor submitted to as
; such, until they saw the bayonets of the’Uni
l ted States levelled at their breasts. It was
extraordinary, he remarked, that the author
ity of John Roes, according to the report of
Mr. Mason, should be unquestioned by the
I nation, and that he should pursue the same
| direct course, notwithstanding many attempts
; to bribe him to acknowledge the treaty ; and
j notwithstanding* the abuse heaped upon John
| Ross, it war; uniformly asserted by the agents*
! ot the Government that John Ross could not
change his course, or change the feelings of
the nation, if he would, but that he stood un
questionably between the white men and
bloodshed.
Several gentlemen interposed; arid
Mr. Towns made an explanation in justi
fication of the course of the Senate of Geor
gia, and admitting that a band of robbers had
existed, not more disgraceful to the red than
the white men ; and upon this point lie re
quested the reading of certain documents by
the clerk, which were read. These docu
ments consisted of the applications of Ross
and his brother, Gunter, and others, to be
come reservees and permanent residents un
der the treaty of 1819.
Mr. Wise proceeded for a short time long
er, when he yielded the floor to
Mr MeKennan, on wdiose motion the com
mittee ruse and reported.
Thursday, May 24, 1838.
On motion of Mr. Cambreleng, the House
again went into Committee of the Whole on'
the state of the Union, and resumed the con
sidcration of the “bill making appropriations
! for preventing and suppressing Indian hose
I tiiities for the year 1838, and for arrearages
i for 1837/’
The question was on the amendment of
Mr. Beil, anil the amendment thereto hr Mr.
Wise, as given in yesterday’s proceedings.
.Mr. Wise resumed his remarks and went
inlo a detailed history of the Golphin claim,
and the connection of Mr. Secretary Forsyth'
therewith, and his interest in it ; and conten
ded that Mr. Forsyth had endeavored to get
this treaty negotiated, and that, under threats
from the Government of the United States,
that, if the Cherokee nation did not assent to
tho treaty, they would he given up to the au
theorities of Georgia; and the treaty, he be
lieved, was ratified by some Senators, with a
view to prevent such a catastrophe. He then
remarked that, as it had been intimated that
there was a rod in pickle for him or his ar
gument, or both, he should close with a few
comments, though more n ight be said, and
further reading from the documents might he
brought to su->tain all that he had said or read.
Ho then went on to reply to some observe,
tions of Mr. Towns’ made on Wednesday,
and tn relation to the position the State of
Georgia had occupied, and to confirm his as
sertion that the whole scheme was one of
plunder and robbery; that such was the fact
admitted; and though the act was not justifi
ed, it was partially excused on the ground
that it was not worse than other acts of plun
der and robbery. lie objected against the
urgency of gentlemen from Georgia to have
this treaty enforced when it had been thus
contracted by fraud and force, as t! ey them
selves admitted; and he contended, that tho’
it was net directly stated in the President’s!
Message, it was plainly admitted in that docu
men! that the treaty ought not to be enforced,
and, in effect, that another treaty ought to be j
made. He would go as tar as the PresiJint
had gone in his Message, and, as n friend to
the Chcrokees, he would advise them to accept
the terms offered, believing it would be at! ,
they would ever get; and, as a friend to his
country, he would advise the gentlemen from
Georgia to acquiesce in that recommendation,
and not to press the immediate enforcement of
the treaty.
Mr. Glascock then took the floor in defence
of the action of the people and State of Geor
gia, and in reply to the general charges which
had been, as he contended, unjustly made
against them. He denied that frauds to the
extent charged had en committed; and
whatever frauds had been perpetrated were to
be charged, not upon the State of Georgia,
but upon the Government of the t niicd States,
and upon many of the political friends with
whom the gentleman from Virginia bad usu
all v acted. He then went folly into details in
support of th * treaty, and to show that i* ought *
to be executed.
Mr- Dow rung nvvF; state T'ttuon :o the,
Florida war, in illustration of the Indian char
acter, and to show tho necessity of being pre
pared to overawe the Indian nations, and to
compel them to submit to treaties deliberately
I made. Tho treaty with the Chcrokees. he
| contended, was not shown to be fraudulent,
except in a proposed section, which had been
| rejected. If any other fraud existed, lie was
: not aware of it. He bad known the Indians
I long, and knew their character, and they also
i knew the character of the whites; and he
; alluded to the reception of news that a murder
I had been committed in Georgia, and to the
j succeeding message of the President, propo
j sing the postponement cf a removal for two
j years, with the inference that the Indians in
tended to operate upon the sympathies of our
nation, to obtain more money. Should such
a course tie adopted now, he concluded that
all other tribes would conduct in the same
manner, entailing perpetual trouble and con
trovorsy. He said that the gentlemen who
professed’so much sympathy for the Indians
must have gotten their knowledge of Indian
character from Cooper’s novels; but let them
go and five among them, as he had done, and
they would change their feelings. He had
known a man as honest as any in existence,
in earth or heaven, go among them with ev
ery sympathy for the Indians, become, in
one year, as thorough an Indian hater as he
was.
He thought the treaty with tho Chcrokees
ought to be enforced; and if tho House had
not paused—if they had positively’ refused to
receive any appeal from the treaty, and had
referred the Indians to the officers of the Gov
eminent, the removal, lie thought, would long
before have been effected. He also consid
ered the treaty favorable,’and was willing to
| pledge himself for the people of Florida, that
they would, to a man, consent to remove up
on the same terms. They would give up
their affection tor their homes, if the Govern
ment would pay for their improvements, give
them provisions for two years und give them,
at their ultimate place of location, a better
country than that they' should leave. He be
lieved the white inhabitants of Georgia would
agree to the same terms, fie referred to
the action of tho Government in suspending
the removal according to the treaty in terms
of censure, and said he wdtild appeal from
Mr. Poinsett sick and weak, to Mr. Poinsett
in the full vigor of health, with an intimation
that the respect he had always had for the
Secretary of War should not be diminished
by his course upon this subject, though be
thought it impolitic, and injudicious to both
parties to the treaty.
Mr. Graham, after stating that he had no
hostile feelings to the Chcrokees, a part of
which nation lived in his distrh t in North
Caroline, and with whom the people dwelt in
amicable relations, went into an examination
of documents and evidence to show the treaty
had been fairly made, and in conformity with
the views of Jolm Ross at tijo time it was
made, and that the Senate had not merely!
given a liberal, but a heaping high sum fbi
their lands, which a chief of the nation Imd
told him [Mr. G.j was more than the lands j
wero worth, lie read tesiimony to prove
that John Ross hail said he would assent to
the treaty, and would recommend it to the na
tion, and inferred that John Ross was like an'
eagle shot by a feather from his own wing.
Mr. Wise intarpos* cl, and said that the docu
ments proved that John Ross did go and re
commend the treaty, and that il was expressly
rejected at the Council of Red Bank, in every
form in w hich it could bo proposed-
Mr. Graham again red tho testimony, and
for proof of the fact. He doubted that John
Ross had ever recommended the treaty in good
faith ; but he would put the mutter fairly, and
was willing to hoar evidence. He sa ; d it was
positively proved that John Ross had agreed
to the treaty before it was made ; and, though
it was made with Ridge’s party, and was not
signed bv Ross, yet his assent bound him as
effectually as if ho had signed it. He also
repudiated tho idea that lie would consent to
bind himself or bis constituents to compro.
miss with people who came up repeatedly with;
the cry of money! He then went into a de- -
tail of the action of Congress in relation to
the treaty for a short time when he gave way !
for a motion from
Mr. Stanlv, that the Committee rise, which
motion was carried, and the committee rose
accordingly and reported progress.
From the Baltimore American cfJune 2.
n ashington, June 1.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES .
P E RSON A L RENCOU NTR E.
Mr. Turney being entitled to the floor, resu
mod his remarks from last night, in which he
made some rather pointed allusions to the poli.
tical course of Mr. Bell, which, to say the
least were irrevelant to the subject under de
bate.
Mr. Bell, whose seat is contiguous, follow,
ed in reply, and complained that his colleague,
Mr. T. had throughout his whole speech
made a continued attack on him. He (Mr.
B.) alluded to the ill-feeling and animosity of
certain gentlemen against him, and maintain
ed that his colleague had been selected bv
them as a political scavenger and too! to pour
out the abuse which they themselves did not
fhir.k proper to do. fie wished it understood
that he had no ill-feelings against Mr. T. t he
cause he looked ujion him ns merely the tool of
others, or words to that effect.
Mr. Turney immediately rose in his place
and declared it was a falsehood, whereon Mr.
Bell rose and struck him with his fist.
Mr. Turney struck several times in return,
and o smart scuffle ensued.
M r Howard, who was in the chair, called to
order—b it wi bout effect.
Some member called out—“ Why did not
the Chairman keep order?”—(alluding to the
wide range the debate had taken.)
The Speaker immediately took the Chair,!
and after calling in vain for the restoiation of
order exclaimed at the - utmost pitch oF his
voice, “'i lie Sergeant-at-Arms will do his du
ty!” “The Sergeant.at-Arms is called upon
to preserve order!”
A simultaneous rush was made from all
parts of the floor, and the belligerents were
quickly separated, and resumed their seats.
Ihe Speaker then read a precedent from
the records of the House, justifying his con
duct. in taking the chair when the house was
in Committee of the Whole.
Mr. Howard made a statement in justifica
tion of his conduct while in the chair, and said
it was evident that the suddenness of the tran
saction bad rendered it impossible to exert the
power which belonged to the Chairman of a
Committee of the Whole.
Mr. Wise hoped the House would now re
sume business in Committee of the Whole, as
no good could arise from further discussion of
the matter.
Mr. Y~el! said it might appear strange for a
member from Arkansas to desire to make
peace, but he thought if the gentlemen were
left to themselves they would come to an ami
cable settlement, as it was evident that each
had acted from the impulse of the moment,
which would be to them a source ol regret.
Mr. Mercer offered a resolution requiring
the members to rise in their places and decline
that they would prosecute the matter no fur
ther.
This resolution was laid on the table, Yeas
80, Noes 52.
Mr. Fenny backer-saw no utility in the rules
of the House if they were not enforced. He
therefore offered a resolution, calling upon the
members in question to apologize for their
breach of decorum.
A motion to lay the resolution on the table
was decided in the negative, Ayes 2!, Noes
155.
'i~;e resolution was then adopted; after which
Messrs. Bell and Turney rose in their places
and apologised to the house for tho breach of
order, but owing to the confusion in the* Hall,
it could not dis.inctl v be understood that they
made any concession to each other.
The House then resumed business in Com
mittee of the Whole, and
Mr. Bell continuod his! remarks on the a.
mendment pending rcJulive to tho Chcrokees.
The debate is still going on.
’ivESTEUX UHOIIGJLAJN. -
Roirc. .lime it?, Sfcfft?.
The following named gentlemi a will net s.s
Agents for the Western Georgian:
Howell Cobb, Esq., of Athens, Georgia.
E. M. Johnson, Esq., «f Gainesville, do.
ti. Ripley, Esq., of Jefferson, do.
A. Erwin, Esq., of Camming, do.
John S. Bell, Esq., of Spring Place, do.
R. M. Aycock, Esq., of La Fayette, do.
Turman Walthail, Esq., of Cedar Town,
Paulding County, do.
Leroy Patti 110, P. M. Monroe, do.
Charles Murphey, of Decatur, do.
Dr. Hugh Quin, Chattooga, Floyd coun
ty, Georgia.
John Woods, Esq. Woods Station, Walker
County, Georgia.
Union Congressional Ticket.
ROBERT W. POOLER, of Chatham.
Gen. B. GRAVES, of Newton.
Col. J. S. PATTERSON, of Early.
D. C. CAMPBELL, Esq. of Bibb.
JUNIUS HILLYER, Esq. of Clark.
Hon. HIRAM WARNER, of Meriw-ther.
Hon. ALFRED IVERSON, of Muscogee.
Dr. J. G. McWHORTER, of Richmond.
Gen. CHARLES 11. NELSON, of Cherokee.
The “Mountain Bot” has been received,
and shall appear in our next, provided he will
como forward and give us his real name, and
will promise that for the future he will not at
tempt to palm upon us selected for original po
etry.
On the 26th day of May last, Gen. Scott is
sued his orders to commence tho operation of
gathering the Indians within the State ofGeor*
gia. In compliance with this order, the coni,
panies stationed in the different sections of the
country, forthwith commenced operations, urrd
within a very few days all the Cherokees
within the limits of our State, was safely hous
ed in forts, or under tho control of the trooDs.
On Monday of last week, there was upwards
of six thousand at Ross’ Landing, waiting for
a conveyance to Arkansas. On Tuesday or
Wednesday following, some four thousand left
on board of Flat-bottom Boa s and otherwise,
for some point below Gunter’s Landing on the
Tennessee River, where it was expected they
would be met by, and embarked on board of
Steam Boa's, for their r.ew homes in the West.
As! far as we have been able to ascertain, not
a Cherokee now remains witluli the limits of
our State. What has been dune in North Ca
rolina, we are unable to say, having received
nothing from that quarter for some time past,
In relation to the removal of the Cherokees.
If orders have been given the troops to com
mcncc operations, we are not apprised of the
fact. The Athens, Tennessee, Courier, of
June Sth, says: “We understand that but little
difficulty is experienced in collecting tho Che
rokees. They are disposed to come in quiet
ly and as fast as they can be transported to the
west. So far as wo arc informed, every thing
| is going on, even more harmoniously and ex
peditiously than had been expected.”
In Georgia, Mie Indians have been treated
with great humanity and kindness by tho
troops, and appear happy and content in t!n>
| enjoyment of the benefits and advantages! se-.
cured to them and their people, under tjici.pro
visions of the treaty, since they have conic; to
comprehend, or view ii in its proper light.
The following is the amount of additional
i
1 allowance, proposed to be made to tiie Chcr
| okoes, by the Secretary of War, as follows,
i The payment of tho expenses of
removing the remaining Chero
j kees, estimated at 15,840, at
j S3O a head $475,200 DO
; Arn’t applicable to that purpose 39,300 UO
Balance to he provided for $335,900 00
If it should be doomed proper to
make any further provision for
the payment of the subsiatoncu
of the emigrants fir one yea/
alter their arrival in tho west,
it will require, estimating tho
whole number at 13,335, there,
by hududingthose who havoc.!-
ready emigrated, an ] allowing
the amount stipulated to be
paid by treaty, viz; s3*l 33 a
head _ _ 011,105 53
Add for contingencies, ti i lev es.
; tinnitus both of number to bo
removed, and of expenses to
he incurred 109,000 Off
The amount of the annuities,
payment of which is risked for
by the deputation, will J o 33,330 <K)
$1,089,353 55
We learn by one ot <\>r exchange papers,
that President Houston had declined executing
the land patents, in a communication to Con
gress, explaining his vio’.fs at length. It itr
further-stated that he had been severely ceil
jsured t>y some, but it is thought hi* explain-,
i tion would be deemed satisfactory. Tim joint
i resolution to withdraw the proposition for nu
nexadon was taken up, tiie house h iving u
greed to reconsider the vote of the day before
! upon that subjec’. After some ameudme lt»*
! the votes were again taken on-the resolution,
; which was lout. It will therefore be perceiy-
| -ed that tho proposition to withdraw from iho
j-Congress ol the United Stales the petition: for
annexation, has been negatived !>y a majority
of o/ie vote.
C/IARI.KSrOX, Juite i\
FROM FLORIDA.
We are indebted to Cap*, Trathen, of the
F. S. steamer Poinsett, arrived yesterday,
i from Black Creek, for the Jacksonville (E.
: F.) Courier, of the 31st ult., from which w»e
copy the following paragraph, being the only
item of news we find in it :
*7. P- AJ. We stop the press to record'
tho report of another Indian murder. It is
said and believed, that two of Capt. MicklorV
men were killed, a day or two since, at Moc
casin Branch, near Fort Hanson, and about
13 miles S. W. from St. Augustine. Two
rifles were heard, and one man, James Horn,
found killed and scalpe'i, another missing.”—
Courier.
Resumption oi Specie Payment.—Tiie
State directors of the State Bunk of lodiana
have met to provide for the resumption of
specie payments. Tho President is instruc
ted to propose to the banks of Cincinnati and
Louisville the Ist of August as the day.
All the Montreal banks resumed specie pay
ments on the 23d ult. acd those of Quebec:
were expected to do so on tiie following day.
The National intelligencer of the 28th uL.
Gays: “The nomination of Mr. Woodborv
'now Secretary of the Treasury) to be a
Judge of the Supreme Court of the Slate of
New Hampshire, has been confirmed; and
no doubt seems to be entertained of hisaccep.
ting the appointment. Who is to succeed
him in tho Treasury is a matter about which
a good deal of curiosity exists.”
Miraculous escape.—The. Philadelphia
Gazette of the 28tii ult. says, the schr. Caro,
of Kingston, Massachusetts, Capt. Bacon,
"a.led from Charleston on the 2d of Februa
ry, for Norfolk, and soon after was capsized;
’he lanyard* being cut away, the masts vent
by the beard, when she righted, end on tho