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'rill bo charged t‘<i*;h tan*' a's now advertisement.
For a- fcna'o uiaertmu onto D'dlurper tq rare.
•Copy of a Lsf'O’ fmen the .Sccrcmry of IV'nr to the
Obvemcrs ot Georgia* Tsnttesfece, Alabama and
Flunk Carolina,
L>r.r.i!lT>ir:;T nr War, }
May 23, 1838. \
ftarc—l have the honor to transmit herewith
no votir Excel!- tn-y, ft eopv ofn proposed nr.
Tttngement, with Jolm IlnS3 ;md other Chiefs,
•nnd hmd ii-.en of tlie Cherokee notion, now in
ifcis city. Your.lixcdlloney v. i I perceive in
thee'' proposals, that tho government, while it
rmeks to pro* nre Urn co-operation of the dele
j/utionin the |*eace(yhle removal of the Chtro.
lews, has carefully abstained from comproroit
itiT the rights nnd interests of the States con
conttsd in the execution of the treaty. It is
’ not supposed t! . t it will it quire so lou.tr as two
yonrs, to remove lilts remaining Cherokees to
their new liomes west of the Mississippi; but,
whatever term of timiJ i-iy be necessary to
tlntir comfortableemigration, the Department
roli-is upon the generosity of tlie Slates inter.
« ste«l, not to press their claims so long ns they
are sat .shed that due diligence is used by the*
agtmts of the nation to effect this desirable ob
ject, us speedily us practicable.
Very n ipectfully,
5 our most ub t servant,
J. R. POINSETT.
To the Governors of Georgia, Tennessee,
Alabama nnd North Carolina.
Copy of a Letter from tho Secretary ot War to
Map*r Ccneml Scott, dated
J Department of Wail
May 23, 1838. S
Sir —You will receive, herewith, a copy of
proposals made by the Department to the
Cherokee Delegation now in this city, which,
it is believed, will bu accepted by them. You
are, therefore, hereby authorised to enter into
an agreement with the agents of tho nation
for the removal of their people. The expen.
ts«?s attending the emigration of the Cherokees
arc now fully ascertained bv past experience,
and it is presumed you w ill find no difficulty
in making such an arrangement ns, while it
will secure their comfortable removal in a
manner most agreeable to their chiefs and
head men, will effectually protect the inter
e4s ol the United States, and prevent all
unnecessary delay or useless expenditures.
Whether tho removal of this people is to
be continued by tlie military force under your
command, or to be conducted by their own
agents, care nuiat*be token that it be carried
on continuously, nnd as speedily as may be
consistent with their health and comfort. It
must commence in that part of the territory
which has been granted or sold by the States
te whose jurisdiction it belongs, in order that
the several proprietors of the land may be
I'd in possession of their estates with as little
delay as possible. These proposals have been
laid before Congress for the purpose of ob
taining such legislative provisions as they re
«m»re; but it » not intended thereby to retard
tea yjtvcuuoe of the treaty, and you wifi
therefore pursue tho measures you have al.
fgndy adopted, utril the agents of the nation
tiro ready to take charge of the future emi
gration of their people, nor will you then per
mit unv unnecessary delay in tliuir opera
tions.
Very respectfully,
Your most obedient servant,
J. R. POINSETT.
Major General Windfild Scott,
Athens, Tennessee.
[COPY.]
Executive Department, )
Miliedgeville, May 28, 1838. $
To the Hon. Joel R. Poinsett:
Sir:—! have had the honor of receiving
from you the proposals of the Government
to John Ross, and instructions to General
Scott.
Thu surprise and regret excited in myself j
at these proceedings of the Government, I j
am sure will be felt by every citizen of the j
State. I can give to them no sanction what
ever, The proposals of Ross could not be '■
carried into execution but in violation of tlie I
rights of tlie State. The very making of \
them must prove exceedingly injurious to the ,
interests of its people.
The lands which arc in the occupancy of
the Indians, are the private property of its j
citizens, and the owners are now entitled by |
the law to possession. For the purpose of]
preventing all unnecessary suffering and hard
ships on the part of the Cherokees, the pro
prieiors Lave been earnestly entreated not
to enforce their rights at once, but to wait j
until the Indians should be removed by the ]
itrinv. They have been assured that this
would be-done by the President as soon as possi- -
hie, and in perfect good faith. Sincere regret
is fell that the success of these efforts in the
cause of humanity has been defeated by tlie
Government. As soon as the proposals to
Ross and tho instructions to General Scoot
are known o the proprietors, they will no
longer be restrained from taking possession
of their j ropes tv It Lecontes necessary,
therefore, that 1 should know whether the
President intends, in the instructions to Gen.
Scott, to require that tho Indians shall be
maintained in their occupancy- I>y an armed
I'orce, in opposition to the rights of the own
ers of the soil. If such is tlie intention of
die President, a direct collision between the
authorities of the State nnd the General ]
Government must ensue. Mv duty will re
riro that 1 shall prevent any interference
whatever by the troops with the rights of the
Suite and its citizens. I shall not fail to per.
form it. To avoid misunderstanding, permit
me to request that, you will communicate to
me, and as early us you can conveniently, the
President’s views upon this subject.
I have no doubt but the Indians can he re.
moved from the Stale, in tho execution of
the treaty and by the troops now organized
and stationed in the country with that avowed
purpose, with more ease and expedition, and
a readier acquiescence on the port of the In
dians, than by any means in the power of
this Statin If however, the Government
consents that Ross nnd his friends shall re
main two years longer, the State will be obli
ged to get rid of tlie evils which must necess
arily arise from such policy, by exercising its
own tight of jurisdiction, and remove them
by the most efficient means which it can com
mand.
Very respectfully, vours, <\-c.,
GEORGE R. GILMER.
(COPY.]
FSKccTive Department, (
Mdledgevile, 30ih ,M»y, IH3B. (
Sir: —l onefewt* t > you my answer to the letter of
jhe Secretary of War, upon the aubject ot hi» pro
posals to John Rob?, and Into instruction? to Gene
ral Scott.
All here concur in the opinion that these proceed
ings of the Government nre a violation of tlie rights
ot the Staic, nnd calculated to produce the most ex i
tensive evils to Cherokee country.
Permit me to request, that the delegation in Con
gress from this will unite in ascertaining from
the President whether it is his intention to conunue
the present delay in removing the Cherokees l>v the j
troops under Gen. Scott, for ihe purpose of effecting
that object bv contracts to bo made with the agents
of RoisS and his triends, or for any other purpose?
and whether tt ts his intention to maintain the Indians
bv fore* upon the soil of Georgia, in opposition to
the will of the State and the rights of us citizens to
whom the lands have been granted? And that you
corooDAnicate to me kis determination.
Very respectfully, yours, die.
GEORGE R. GILMER.
To the Georgia I'es-i-cation.
[COPY]
I'xEctnrva Dkf ybtmext, j
sMdlcdgcv! Jt?. 30th May, 183-. V
To the Hon. Wh, C. Dawson:
Sir:—l send you a letter addressed to the
■ owners of the land occupied by the Indians in
I the Cherokee country, immediately before
they had acquired, by tlie law, the right to
j take possession. 1 confidently believe that
the most of them would have pursued the
course recommended. Tlie very best feel
ing prevailed every where.—The alarms and
distrust winch had existed some time ago, had
subsided- This has proceeded, in a great do-
W i s d o m , Jsi s S l cc, abi il ffl o derail o bi.
RO3IE, FLOYD COUNTY, QEOISGIA, JUNE 19, 1838.
gree, from the incessant exertion which has
been used, to prevent any violation of the
rights of the Indians, and the assurances
given to the people, that the Government
would remove the Indians as soon as possible,
and afffrd every one protection against vio
lence. In Gilmer and Union counlies, w lie re
the Indians are twice ns numerous as the
whites, tlie people were, two weeks ago, per
fectly quiet, and travelling fs safe as any
where. But for a lingering expectation that
Ross would be able to retain their country
for them, it is confidently believed that a great
proportion of the Cherokees would have
been now preparing to remove. »So confi
dent were the people, that no dilfiulty or vio
h nee would occur in the removal, that they
were indicating a disposition to complain
against the Government for sending so many
troops among them. No one has ever felt
more satisfaction than 1 have done at the re
sult of my labois for the last six months. No
violence of tiny kind had occurred between
tho Whites and Indians when Gen. Scott took
command. I had suffered great anxiety
whilst the troops were in preparation. Diffi- ]
cutties seemed to be over. No one who has'
not labored as 1 have done lo save the lives,
and prevent the suffering of a whole cominu- ;
nity, can understand the deep mortification 1
have felt, in knowing that tlie happy results
of all my exertions must certainly be destroy- ,
ed by the late proceedings of tlie President. ;
Our people have been so harrassed for a long ]
time by Indian disturbances, alarms, and wars,
that they will not hear it longer than tlie trea.
ty required them. To ask them to suffer
Ro>s and his friends to remain among them
for two years longer, with the knowledge
that every citizen of the Cherokee country
has, that the Indians would have been con
tented at their home in the West long before
tin’s, but for the exertion of Ross and his
friends, is utterly idle. When 1 proposed to
the Secretary of War and John Ross, two
months ago, that Ross should remove his peo
ple voluntarily before tlie time arrived for
their removal by the army, upon a large com
pensation to he allowed him by the Govern
merit, I received a direct refusal from Ross,
and my letter to tlie Secretary of War, was
not honored with an answer. That tho Scc
retal'y now, when the Government has no
power over the treaty, except to enforce it,
should propose to reward Ross for denouncing
the Government as dishonest and faithless, by
possession of (he lands of the people granted
to them by the State, is indeed an act of dis
honesty and faithlessness. Tho President
will not be permitted to sell the lights of tlie
people of Georgia, to buy votes elsewhere.
The people will sec to that, if the public au
thorities dei not.
If my health permits and tho President do
terminra that lie will maintain tho Indians in
thtdr occupancy of the .Stale, I shall proceed
to the Cherokee Country, nnd try whether the
'rightsof the State are to he trampled upon,
or violated by military force. We have two
thousand men in the field, under Gen. Floyd—
not one of whom will obey any order to sot
at dt fiance the sovereignty of tho Slate. If
the United States troops shall attempt to re
sist cur laws, they will bn required to leave
the S'ate, and our troops be withdrawn from
the United States service. The requisition
under which they went into service was to
remove the Cherokees, not to maintain them
upon our soil. The Government may vet
stop in its work of unmixed mischief. Tho
Indians can be removed by the United States
Government nnd the troops now assembled,
with more case, and less suffering, than by
the State, and I shall continue to insist upon
its proceeding to remove them at once. If
the President refits* s, tlie consequences must
be upon his head,
For t!m purpose of giving you as much in
formation ns I readily can, as to the course
taken by the State and General Government,
in removing the Cherokees, 1 forward you the
enclosed copies of papers.
The requisition of Gen Scott for troops
from this State. Mv order for raising them,
and the special commissions given to the offi
cers, show that these troops nre only authoii
zed to remove the Indians and protect the peo
ple.
The letters to the owners of the land occu
pied by the Indians, to the Generals Scott
and Floyd, show the rights of the people,
and at the same time the exertions which have
been made to prevent any collision b* tween
them and the Indians, and the gencm! state
o; peace, nnd the confidence that the Indians
would, with prudence, bo removed without dif
ficulty.
'I he proclamation of the 13th March, w ill
show the anxiety with which I have protec.
ted the rights of the Indians.
Tho address of Gen. Scott to the ('bero
kees, shows what his original instructions
were. He 3iys he has no right to grant
them further delay, and that wi hin one month,
every man, woman and child, must be moving
from the country.
My letters to the Secretary cf War and
Ross, show that more than two mon’hs before
the arrival cf the time for the removal of the
Indians, by force, I proposed that Ross should
before that time, remove them volunfarily.
Ross’ answer shows for itself. None was re
ceived from Mr. Poinsett.
1 send you the late instructions to Gen.
Scott, which shew that the President is pro.
ceeding without the consent of the States or
Congress, to Stop tlie removal of the Indians
by the troops, and to rely upon contracts with
Ross’s friends ; and the intention of the Pres
ident to make the owners of the lands in this
State, depend upon General Scott for possess
ion.
In my letter of the 30th November, I re
quested Mr. Poinsett to put an end to his cor
respondence with Ross. In his reply of the
9th December, he says it was continued with
the hope of inducing Ross to aid in tlie peace
able removal of the Indians; but when he
was .satisfied that this could not be done, he
would inform rne of it. In bis letter of the
16th December lie writes, that in conformity
with that promise, his correspondence with
Ross was at an end.
Several communications have been received
this morning from the Cherokee country. A
slate of quiet prevails every where. 1 send
you an extract of Dr. Hamilton’s letter. I
cannot but hope that the friends of humanity
will induce the Government to retrace its
steps.
Yerv respectfully, vours, (fee.
' GEORGE R. GILMER.
[COPY.]
Milledoetille, June 2d, 1838.
To his Excellency, G. R. Gilmer:
Sir : —Having just arrived from the scene
of operations in the Cherokee Country, I
avail myself of the honor of communicating
to your Excellency, the movements of my
Chief, General Scott, within the limits of
Georgia. Upon the 24th ult., lie placed the
Georgia Volunteers under the command of
Gen. F'loyd, in position ; and on the 25th com
menced operations. Gcneial Floyd, in person,
commanded the first detachment that opera
ted. The promptness and ability of bis move
ment, gave to tlie commanding General .the
highest satisfaction, while it presented to the
balance of the command, the most salutary
example.
The number of prisoners on Tuesday last,
was about 3000 ; and by this time, 1 do not
think there is a wandering Indian in the Cher
okee country, within the limits of Georgia.
Plie captures were made with the utmost
kindness and humanity, and free from every
stain of violence.
‘I he deportment of our Georgia citizens,
resident in the Cherokee counties, has been
marked by n forbearance and kindness to
wards the Indians, that must win for them the
admiration of every philanthropist. Permit
me to conclude with the congratulation of
our rights being so promptly and perfectly
secured.
With the highest regard,
A. H. KENAN.
Volunteer Aul-dc-camp for Gen. Scott.
From the Washington Chronicle.
THE CHEROKEES.
'l'lio message of the President in relation
to this tribe of Indians has produced no little
excitement in Congress. Whatever may be
thought of the expediency of affording time
for the execution of the Treaty, it is certain
that Georgia will proceed to take possession
of the Territory ceded. Tho State autlioi.
ties, no doubt authorized entries on yesterday
—the day specified by tho existing Treaties;
and it seems to us useless to discuss the mat
ter now. It can hut lead to violent excite
ments of feeling, if not to something worse.
Already the tomahawk is lifted in Georgia,—
blood has been shed —and popular excess may
be anticipated, which this inflammatory dis
cussion is only calculated to increase. —We
see no good that possibly can come of it.
As to threats employed against the State
by speakers in Congress, they are out of '.’me,
and can have no possible influence, l'eder
alism has tried meuaces before, but always
without effect. Mr. Wise, we were sorry to
hear, declared lie would not give a fig for the
Government if it had not the right to compel
the States to bow to its decisions. “ The ma.
jority has the right," he is reported to have
said, “/a castigate the minority into submission,
ly the trliole paicer of the Judiciary, the army
and the nary of the ( ni/ed States /” la sooth,
this is going a bow shot beyond Messrs. Ad
ams, sen., Webster, Otis, and Clay. This
»s worse than Federalism—it is central ties j
potism. But the mantle of Whig covers the j
offence, or sanctifies il—Georgia, however,!
xritl go on, we suppose; and talk extravagan. i
cl* 9 of Nationalism hereafter.
Suicide. —Mr. F.. Sigourney*Norton, for-.
mrrly Alderman of this city, yesterday mor- j
ning comm ttc-d suicide, by cutting bis throat ■
from ear to ear w»th a razor. —We are not j
apprized of the circumstances which led to i
this unfortunate tragedy. His friends, who j
were in the house seemed to have no intima- j
lion of his bloody purpose, until they were
aroused to his condition by hearing his death
struggle in tho adjoining room, when it was
too late to save his life. The fatal instru
ment had been used too successfully. He
lived but a few minutes after the wound was
inflicted. — Columbus Enquirer.
TWEMTY-FIFTH COS G 2ICSS,
SECOND SESSION.
HOUSE OF REPRESENT A TIVES. i»L4 Y 23.
INDIAN HOSTILITIES.
On motion of Mr. Carabreleng, tlie House
again resolved itself into a Committee of the
Whole on the State of the Union, Mr. Howard
in the Chair, and resumed the consideration of
the “bill making appropriations]!!)!- preventing
and-suppressing Indian hostilities for the year
1837.” „
The question was on the following amend,
rnent submitted on Monday last by Mr. Bell
by adding to the end oftho bill the following:
“ Provided, That, if tho President shall
certain that all discontent and further opposi
tion on the part of any portion of the Cherokee
Indians to the treaty of eighteen hundred and
thirty-five can be allayed or avoided, by al
lowing an additional compensation for the land’s
ceded to the United States by said treaty, and
that the Government may thereby be saved
tlie expense of keeping on foot tlte large mili
tary force in the Cherokee country now con
templated, he is hereby authorized to apply
two millions of the sum appropriated by this
act to that object.”
Mr. Wise, who was enttlled to tlie floor,
went on at length to review and condemn tho
Cherokee treaty, as a fraud perpetrated by
Parson Schcrmerhorn nnd Agmit Curry.—
The compact between the Federal Govern
incut and the State of Georgia, he insisted, was
not binding upon tlie third party, tile Chero
kees. He was for compelling Georgia to a-
I bide the action of the Federal Government,
' and to castigate her if she refused to obey the
! lows of the General Government, for he would
take sides with justice. He said this too us a
State Rights man. A State was bound to o
betlience, and could be coerced to it on refusal.
In the course of his remarks, having made
some reference to the treaty with the New
York Indians,
Mr. Filmore followed for a short time in its
defence.
Mr. Wise reiterated his allegation, that this
treaty had been brought about by improper
means, by the use of Whiskey, and the with
holding of the Seneca annuity. It was a min
ority treaty.
Mr. F'ilmore replied that he had made spe
cial inquiry in reference to whiskey, but found
the charge unfounded; that the treaty was
made by a majority of the chiefs, and the an
i nuity was withheld only for the want of specie,
I as he understood; and it was denied by those
that knew, that the annuity was kept back to
coerce the Indians into a treaty.
Mr. Wise rejoined to the latter, and read,
in support of tlie charge, a letter to Maj. Gar
land, from Mr. Striker, •ad vising the holding
back of the payment, and anchor to the same
] effect from Schcrmerhorn, who took upon him
| self to attend ns the evil genius of the Indians
I every where.
Mr. Towns then proceeded to reply to Mr.
I Wise; in the course of which he expressed hi.s
I regret that such a document as the message of
{ the President should have been sent in; nnd
though he gave President credit for good in
] tentions, Mr. T. could not thank him for it. If
| the knowledge of it should reuch tho Indians,
{ bloodshed must inevitably ensue. Had such
I a papev been issued twelve months ago, it
! might perhaps, have effected its object; but it
was too late now. The gentleman from Vir
j ginia’talked of castigating Georgia. Castigu-
I ting her for what? Not for disobeying tho laws
!of the land, lor Mr. T. insisted that Georgia
] was on tlie side of the laws, and in adhering to
| the compact and the treaty made in pursuance
| thereof, was maintaining the laws. So far
| from having nullified, the course of Georgia
1 had avoided any such issue. Ho deprecated,
j with much severity, the use of such a term as
that of “castigation” ofn State.
Mr. Wise explained that he made use of tho
remark, in reply to what was regarded as a
threat, from more than one member from Geor
gia, who declared that, unless this treaty was
carried into effect, Georgia would take her own
■ rights in her own hands, and it was in reply to
that threat, that he had used the term he had.
i Mr. Towns continued, and reasserted lrs
i former point, adding that the Ilou se of Repre
| sentatives, not being the treaty-making pow
er, could not go into an examination of this
treaty, with a view to its revocation. Mr. T.
however, maintained that it was a valid treaty,
and went on to defend the course of Georgia in
i extending her criminal jurisdiction over the
Indian territory within her limits, a solemn
duty imperatively imposed upon her from the
i pretensions of independent Government, and
conflicting laws, set up by and enacted by the
] Cherokees. Hence this policy of her’e was
not of her own seeking, bu! grew' out of a coin
bination of circumstances over which she had
no control. Mr. T. then went into an examt-
A'O 22*