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»*■ • V
Vol. I.
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BY
SAMUEK S- JACK.
Tc FKIS.
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(O’ Tho sale of Personal Property, in like manner,
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tr.’j* N->;ico <o Debtors and Creditors of an Estate,
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O’ No‘:cn that Apph -.ition will be made to (he
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C2T Notice that Application will be tri do for Let
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App'ilcuttog ioi I.' tn-ts i f Di aiiif.-:!..n, 4 50 ;
Other A:lvi.Tti.-»-?n.cm ! e v>T ch-.t*'-1 7* rents :
for every ti truieH i m a ot »• nafl t-i.e, (or‘p’; r-qai ;
viknt,) firm iio-ertion, j. <’ 5 J e>.-uts L>r <-;u h weekly I
coittitmance. It p.ibhul ed every other w.ct k, Cdj cis. ‘
lor each coii.i.i'iaui-|i pubit.hvd cnee a ntniah it I
will bu cliaii: Ivm h tuu ns a new adv-erl.semenu ;
For a sii;g ; o taae'riii.ii o<,« L*otter per tqaerv.
y , i'mw s»»**«» . sr^wi'i y»i "■ «■—' '■ ■—«ww—ie muwew
Frmn 't Vo Cc«;
CUu INDIAN AFFAJRS.
When t lie uev.M reached ’rfti't! yesterday by
the Expr« S 3 Mail, that :i i-ropusiiiou bad been .
submitted bv liiv Fres.df.nt and the Secretary
of War tt> Uougrt ss, to < xtend two years the
time stipulated i.i the treaty of 1333, lor the
removal cd the Uherekeu Indiana, we had
doubts of tho correctors of the infoimaijoii
received. 'I ho Express Mail of this morning
lins removed all our doubts. Thu President
did transmit a murage to both [louses of
Congress, covering a communication of the
Secretary of Wiir, in which the views of the
government are set forth, and in whit, h a post
ponement ol lhc ulipuhnion of the treaty is re.
commended tn the consitfcration of Congress.
Thu President and Secretary of Wararo well
aware that tho cotiaent of the States interes
ted in thu execution of the treaty be ob-
Hum d, before n delay cun be granted. The
question will then arise: will the States intmes.
tud give their consent I if they do not give
their consent, will they require a strict fulfil
ment of the stipulations of iho treaty? We
cannot pretend to answer as regards the other
States interested ; but wo can easily answer
for Georgia, that her consent emmot be ob
tained ; that, whatever may be the consequen
ces, she will peremptorily require of the Fed
eral Government, an iinmt-diuto execution of
tho treaty of *1835, and a speedy removal of
the Cherokee Indians from the territory of
Georgia ; end that, if thoso objects cannot bo
effected by tho inlervenlitMn of the Federal
Government, the Government of Georgia,
sustained by all tho means within hrr reach ■
of the State, will attempt, cost what it may,
to carry isito full effect the stipulations of the i
treaty.
This movement on the part of tho Federal
Government will place the Governor of our
Sta’e in u most responsible position. But wo
hopo that he will act with energy and decision, i
An extra session of the Legislature need not !
be called. Tl*o Governor himself can act; :
he hns sufficient power to meet any exigency. >
]Let him require the fulfilment of the stipula. ,
tions of the treaty, nnd we can assure him '■
that he will be sustained by the people of'
Georgia. Let him adopt such measures, and I
employ such as are at his command, to j
execute the removal of tho Indians, and he :
will ba twKiiineJ by tho people of Georgia.
But there should be no compromise; no ue- !
gdtifttimis; no procrastination of tho removal!
of the Indians. 'I he Federal Governncnt;
must bo imowdintoly informed of the (Jetcnni-1
nation of Georgia to require an imm drate ex-1
ccution of t'rn treaty; nnd Gvmwai Scott ■
should be notified that, if orders have been |
given to him to suspend the execution of the i
treaty, the militia of Georgia will receive or
ders to carry tho stipulations of that treaty j
iato effect.
We have more to s,y on the subject; but ,
vro be’ievc it our duty to offer a few
cm pUcmg bofore our readers tho foil owing ■
article from the Globv nnd the documeet from
llie War Department, received by this mor
ning’s Express Mail.
EMIGRATIOxN OF THE CHEROKEES.
The reading in the Senate of the communi
cation from the Secretary of War to the
Cherokee delegation, which will be found an
nexed, elicited a brief but animated debate.
It was strenuously objected to by several of
the Senators representing the States immedi
ately interested. The principal ground of
objection seemed to be that the proposed
arrangement went to alter the treaty, affect
the free action of the states, and contempla
ted delay in the removal. A more careful
examination of the document will, we think,
show that the views taken of it at the moment
arc not sustained by its contents. Nothing is
stipulated for on the part of the stales, Os any
thing proposed, Li.at is not to be* the result, of
their own consent upon a view of their own
interests and duties. No changes or abridg
ment of the articles of the treaty are agreed
to, other than such as consist in additional
facilities and advantages lor the Cherokees,
to proceed from the Federl Government alone,
and to be extended or not, according to tho
pleasure of Congress. No avoidable delay
F 3 contemplated.
it is certainly a most important object to
the country tint* the Cherokees should bo ic
nioved peaceably, and it does not appear to
have been tho intention cf Government, bv
' tho arrangements proposed, t<> delay their re
inOi’id one single day beyond what may be
necessary to thu convenience of the parties.
It is proposed to ask the consent of the Stales
intcr<»;ed to allow them sufficient time for
this puipOcC, and it IS not doubted that, from
I the geuerourf character of tho Slates, this in
[diligence will bo granted, if a necessity for it
I shall be found to exist. It will not require
[l«oyca;- : , our is the ja riod extended so long,
jor io any definite time. General Scott will be
■ instiuctcil to watch over the emigration, and
jto sec Ai.it it ic ccm.h.cied in good faith and
I kept up coDstisiitly. Tho number of emi
grants to bo removed docs not full much short
of 2U,0t)0 souls, and cannot, with the utmost
diligence, be removed in less than one year.
Jho Government seeks peace. It seeks to
remove these people; it does not desire to
incur any risk of their committing acts of
desperation, and bring on a collision -between
them and tho whites. 'I heir determination
to protect the citizens from ail acts of violence,
is to be seen in the ample provision made for
their defence.
No Oideis have been given to suspend, the
execution of the treaty. '1 he emigration will
be carried on as rnidly as, in the opinion of
the discreet officer ent<usted with that opera
lion, it can bu conducted.
It is not contemplated to make a new trea
ty, but io carry out the provisions of tho ex
isting obligations as rapidly as possible ; for
it catmot be denied that if thp removal cun be
entitely accomplished, and effected peaceably,
within one oi even two years, it would be
more politic, humane, and economical, both
of lime and money, so to effect it than to in.
cur the evils of a war.
Tho reference proposed to be made to the
State authorities i> not intended, nor is it cal
culated to procrastinate the execution of the
treaty. Their co-operation has been asked
in perfect good faith, and from a due regard
io their rights.
The nddiiional approbations for the emigra
tion of tho Cheroec nation requite sonic le
gislative provisions. The treaty contemphi.
ted defraying these expenses when Congress
agreed tu give 8600,000 for the payment of
spoliations and the expenses of emigration.
The sum proves to be inadequate for both
purposes, and it is. proposed to increase it.
I These views, in connection with '.he propo
, sod arrangement, were made known to an in
j dividual Senator supposed to be best acquuin.
{ted with the temper of the remnant of the
Cherokee people yet to emigrate, and best
able to judge of the propriety of consenting
to their proposition to remove themselves,
: through their Chiefs and Head men, as most
likely to contribute to the peaceable rcmo
. vui of the nation. All the delegations of
j the States interested would have been con
: suited if it could have been suppose d that the
! proposed arrangement, m the slightest degree.
* affected, without their previous consent, the
I rights or interests of any one of the States.
| The liberal propositions now submitted by
: tho Secretary, in his reply to the Cherokee
delegation, will tc’l their sincerity. If they
I proceed forthwith in sincere and varnerst es-
• forts to accomplish the removal by their own
faction, within such periods as the States shall
< be wiilmg to allow them for that purpose, the
i additional advantages proposed will, doubtless,
•be secured to them by Congress and the Ex
locative. If they do not, no other result will
I follow from the offer than to afford one more
proof of the desire of the Government to
J make the unavoidable change m the coaditition
lof the Cherokees, conformable to the dictates
of benevolence, and their own best interesti.
the mean time, the execution of the treaty
j will proceed as ts this communication had not
teen ms de.
"W is» oim,Jus tic c, aea d lU. odcr,n 1i o sb.
ROME, FLOYD COUNTY, GEORGIA, JUNK 12, fB3B.
• 'To Messrs. John Ross, Edward Gunter, R.
| Taylor, James Brown, -Samuel Gunter,
, Situaher, Elijah Hicks, and White Path,
| Cherokee delegation.
■ I 'l’he undersigned has attentively considered
: . the project of a treaty submitted by you, and, i
■ ’ allhuuj’h equally desirous with yourselves »o
i satisfy that portion of the nation that still re- [
main east of the Mississippi, and to offer them i
every inducement to remove peaceably and
contentedly to their new homes in the West,
and not unwilling to grant most of the terms ;
j proposed by you. still, where the rights and ,
I just expectations of sovereign States are in
[ volvcd, is deemed inexpedient, without their
j consint, to give to any stipulations which as
. feet them the form of a solemn treaty.
i In the first article you desire to stipulate
and agree that “the said Cherokee nation,
party hereto, engages and stipulates to remove i
from all the lands now occupied by them east- ;
wa;d of Mississippi, and hereby renounces i
i and relinquishes to the United States all claim j
of every description to such lands; such re
moval to be commenced at the earliest conve
nient pi-iiod and to. be fully completed within
two yours from this date; to be effected by
the Cherokees themselves and by their agents, .
and the entire expenses of such removal to be '
1 defrayed out of the money to be paid by the !
United Slates, as hereinafter provided.” As i
i has been before obseived, the Government of
the United States could not agree to this net '
without tho consent of the States whose rights ■
are involved, and whose interests may be as- .
feeted by this stipulationbut the Executive i
: pledges itself to use ns best efforts to induce
■ them to abstain from pressing their claims in j
a manner that would produce loss or incon- i
venience to the Cherokee people, and would
be inconsistent with their being removed with '
every reasonable comfort. From the well
known bumaniiy and generous character of i
the States of Georgia, Alabama, and North .
Carolina, there can be no doubt of their gran
ting every indulgence which the interests of |
humanity require; and if two years are no- j
cessary for the comfortable removal of the
nation, the undersigned will venture to assure !
the delegation that their request will be gran- '
ted.
If it be desired by the Cherokee nation that |
their own agenls should have the charge of
their cmigiation, their wishes will be complied ;
with, and instructions be given to the com- !
manding General in the Cherokee country to !
enter into arrangements with them to that es- j
feet. With regard to the expense of this op- ;
eration, which you ask may be defrayed by j
the United States, in tho opinion of the under- '
signed, the request ought to be granted, and |
an application fur such further sum as may be j
required for this purpose shall be made to Con- ,
gross.
In the next article of your project, you pro- «
pose that “tho United States, on their part,
stipulate and agree, in consideration of the ;
premises, to perfect the title of the Cherokee
nation to the lands and territory westward of
the Mississippi, described, mentioned and de
fined in and by the treaty of 1883, between
the United States and the Cherokees west ol
tho Mississippi, and the privilege of outlet
thereto annexed, and to issue a patent there- I
for to the Cherokee nation in perpetuity ; and
further to pay the said chiefs and Represent- '
ativesof the Cherokee nation cast of the Mis- ;
sisaippi, the sum of dollars, in manner
and at the time hereinafter provided.”
It was always tho declared intention of the
Government to perfect the title of this laud
' to the Cherokee nation, and to issue a patent
“I therefor, so soon as that portion of them now
least ot the Mississippi had emigrated west,
| granting the nation the privileges secured to
them by former arrangements. Nor will it
object to grant them, in perpetuity, if Con
gross should think proper to do so on their
recommendation, under certain restrictions,
to which the delegation have assented. As
the delegation expressed their fears that a
form of Government might be imposed which
they were neither prepared fur nor desirous
ufi the assurance isheiby repeated, that no
form of Government will be imposed upon
tho Cherokees without the consent of the
I wholo nation, given in council; nor shall
their country bo created into a territory wilh-
| out siKih previous concurrence.
! With regard to the payment of a further
j sum of money by the United States, the uu
jderslgned cannot consent to recommend such
. a measure to Congre?«. The Senate of the
> United States deliberately decided that five
| millions of dollars was a full and sufficient in-
> deinnity to the Cherokees for the lands they
• relinquished on the east side of the Missis
■l sippi ; and it is understood that tho members
• of that body syc no reason at present to alter I
- that decision.
In the third article of your you ask
I that‘tile saM Cherokee hereto,
II through, and by their acknowledged chiefs
i and officers, shall have the ©ntirc control,
i management, and disposition, responsible only
to their own nation, of the funds to he paid
under this treaty.”
t > Tho undersigned would very much prefer
I making thvs dispcmtioa of the funds of the na-
tion, but as the interests of those CherokecSi
■ who have lately emigrated, arc deeply invol
ved in this proposition, the Executive cannot
' recommend such an alternative without the
previous consent of all the parties concerned.
I The yext article asks, “that in addition to
the said sum mentioned in the foregoing se- j
[corn! article, the United States shall forthwith j
i pay, or arranged to be paid to the Cherokee j
'nation, party hereto, the arrearages of the I
annuities which were provided for in the trea-,
ty of 1819, up to this date, «nd shall continue [
I such annuities during the two years allowed ;
for said removal.”
The undersigned assures the delegation,:
that whatever arrearages of annuities are -
’ due to the Cherokee nation, under the treaty
iof 1819, shall be promptly paid up to this.
: date, and a continuance of that annuity for!
'two years longer shall be asked of Congress. 1
The Dili article requires “that inasmuch as
I the Cherokees contemplate ’removing as pro-1
I vided for in said first article, as rapidly as
their numbers and engagenjents will permit,
the United States Stipulate and engage to pay [
to them, as such removal, and the necessary I
preparations therefor progress, out of the j
! money mentioned in said second article, such
* sums as may frorri time, to time be necessary '
‘[ to defray the expenses incident thereto-”
All payments and necessary advances for
j the purpose herein set forth, will he liberally
: provided for in the contract which the com
-1 manding general will be authorized to make
; with the Cherokee agents, for tho emigration
j of that portion of the nation east of the Mis
! sissippi.
i '1 he 6th article asks, “that during the peri- [
i dd prescribed and allowed by this treaty for
said removal, the United States stipulated and
j contract to protect the persons ami property
i of said Cherokees from all acts of encroach
i ment and violence, and to furnish them, when
i required, with the necessary escort and pro-
I lection during such removal until their arrival
at their destination beyond the Mississippi.”
The necessary escort and protection during
the removal of the Cherokees until their ar
rival at their destination beyond the Missis.
I sippi will bo furnished, and the United States
j will protect the persons and property of the
; said Cherokees from all illegal acts of en
croachment and violence, and will use their
j best efforts, with the States interested to pre-
I vent their pressing the execution of their
! rights in a manner calculated to oppress or
I inconvenience any individual of tho nation.
In the eighth article the request is made,
; “that in addition to tho moneys herein before
; stipulated to be paid by the United States, they
I further agree to pay to the said Cherokee na-
■ lion, party hereto, the gross sum of dol-
! lars, in full discharge of all claims upon the
; United States, under the Stipulations of for
mer treaties, for public and private property,
spoliations, indemnities, and other redaina.
; lions whether national or individual, and for
re-imbursernent of expenses incurred in and
about this arrangement.”
Six hundred thousand dollars was set apart
for this purpose by a vote of Congress, and
to defray the expenses of the removal of the
nation to their new homes. But as this sum
■ proves to be inadequate for l>oth objects, the
Executive will recommend to Congress to|
make a further appropriation, in order to sat-;
; isfy them.
'I he undersigned trusts that the Cherokeej
delegation will see in these liberal concessions
the earnest desire of the President to recon
cile the nation to the necessity of removing!
without any other delay than a due regard
fortheir comfort and convenience demands;
and in this conviction, confidently relies upon
the cordial co-operation of the chiefs and
' head-men to effect this desirable object.
On the part of the Government, copies of
this document, with suitable applications to
the States interested, will be immediately
transmitted to the several Governors thereof;
instructions will be sent to the commanding
general to act in conformity with its assu
rances, and n commimication ba made to Con.
gress, asking the consent of that body to the
provisions proposed for the benefit of the
, Cherokee nation.
The undersigned, in closing this communi
cation, which has been considered with great
. deliberation, ami drawn with the utmost re
gard for tho wishes of the delegation, de
sires it to be distinctly understood that it
contains tho most liberal terms the Executive
. can grant, with a due regaid to the rights;
1 and interests of all the parties concerned; and
therefore presents it as the final determina-1
lion of the Government, and thu peremptory
conclusion of the correspondence with the
Cherokee deputation on this subject.
J. R. POINSETT.
Dei’AETMKxt of W ar, May 18, 1638.
Late English papers state that the town o’. >
Dumfries was visited with a violent storm,
during which there were vivid flashes of fire,
, (so says the account.) without thunder; and,!
itrange to say, showers of snow fell at the
jsame time. Go the clearing up of the storm,;
a hard frost succeeded, which greatly injured I
vegetation in the surrounding country.
i From the New York Evening Star.
ADMISSION OF TEXA;S-
We have received the very able speoeb.of
Mr. Preston on the admission of Texas into
the Union; we fear, however, that it is too
1 late. It is rumored that the Tuxiau Minister
j in London, after several interviews with the
i members of the British Cabinet, lias received
i assurances that the independence of Texas
■ will be recognized by that Government on
’ certain conditions and considerations. It is
; further said that an early application has been
made to tho British Minister in Mexico for de
: tails of the power and resources of that re
j public, and the prospect of success in the re
possession of Toxas, and the reply has been
in every respect unfavorable to any attempt
j which Mexico may make to recon pier that
i ierritory,.
j The first condition required by the British
■ Ministry is the withdrawal of the application
j to Congress made by Texas to come in as cne
of the confederated Stales of the Union, on
• the ground that a proposition to be recognized
las an independent nation could not be enter.
tained during a pending ap|.licati<>n to become
a component part of the American family.
I The doubts and difficulties thrown in the way
of annexation by Northern politicians, and tho
. obvious benefits to be derived from a treaty
with England, which of course includes re
cognition and treaties from other Continental
powers, together with the increasing popula
tion and resources of Texas, determined tl at
Government to withdraw its application for
coining into the Union, and thus a powerful
I independent nation will be established with a
territory half as large as the whole United
States, and with a body of active, intelligent
men, emigrating from all parts of the world
, in numbers calculated seriously to alarm Mex
. ico hereafter for the integrity of her other
I possessions. England will find a direct mar-,
ket for an immense arnou it of he r manufac
tures, and an indirect outlet through Mexico
I and the navigable rivers of this country —
the supply of the Indians and others at a low
tariff, taking in exchange, among other pro-
J ducts, from one to two hundred thousand bub a
of cotton annually. It is an invaluable ac
' cession of power and influence to England
t i other respects. Hanging on our borders
; on a long line of territory reaching from Nc
' va Scotia, Upper and lower Canada almost to-
I the Rocky Mountains to the North and North
West, England, by this early alliance wi h
Texas, exercises a direct commercial and po
litical influence, from the Atlantic to tho Pa
cific, on the long line of the Rio del Norte
to the South, and we may say thus nearly en
compassing the whole Union with her ex
tended territorial arms ; keeping also a watch
ful eye on the Mexican Mines, aiding to irr
prove the navigation <>f ilie great streams, t«
j get into the heart of Mexico—making valu
able treaties with the immense bodies of Indi
ans and Mestizoes—pushing an excitemert
and divisions among the already divide! par
ties in Mexico, and finally annexing that com .
| try to Texas, including the ports of Tampico
1 and Vera’ Cruz, the work only of a few year?,
and finally possessing the great key to the
, Pacific and tho commerce of the Indians by
; the ship Canal across the Isthmus of Darien.
We. tkns make. England greater than the Uni
j ted Slates ni influence as well as territory on
our own Continent! and this has been domr
1 from sheer Jealousy of Northern politicians
I towards augmenting the power of the South ;
forgetting that we are one family, one peo.
pie, one tuition and one interest, and what
' strengthened one section of the Union bene
fitted the other. Not content with this uncull.
i ed for, unpatriotic distrust and jealousy tc.
i wards the South, opposition to Texas was
• strengthened by a vile appeal to the passion <
and fanaticism of abolitionists—ministers of
the gospel were permitted, we may say, in
the only section of the Union where church
and state are united, to mount the pulpit and
j fulminate their doctrines against Texas, and
the interests of the South, and what was tho
excuse? “It was necessary to keep the fen
-1 ion together; Texas would have divided tho
Union.” Is not the period of separation fear
fully accelerated by making Texan a sovc-'
reign and independent power, with such an
ally as England ?
Let 'Texas once developc her rcsouices—
let Mexico be annexed to Texas —!%t the ab
olitionists carry on the game with impunity,
when the South and Wesfwill be invited to
come in with them and form a most powerful
. confederacy, reaching from the Potcmac to
the Isthmus of Darien, from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, leaving us at the North as barr
as tho palm of our hands—our Sta tes thinned
by emigration, and our manufactories destroy
ed by flooding the whole South and West with
[ British goods.
j This is another of tho many false positions
which Northern and Eastern politicians have
; placed tho currency. '>\e erect Michigan,
Wisconsin, lowa, and other Northern terri
, tories into States without opposition, but the
moment the South is to have an additional
State we hear the thunder of their jealousy,
suspicion and distrust.
50 21-