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ifcrf nnrt sownrf sections of the Resolutions i?
‘the basis ot action yet necessary to be had on
the subject—leaving out of view the remamin,
O *The President of this Republic has read with
deep interest the prop-sition contained tn Mr.
Dooetson’s communication, -therettstm which
induced the Ptesident ol the United States to
select the proffered basis, and the lucid explica
tion ot the views, dispositions and intentions of
the government and people of that Union res
pecting this Republic, and the rights and inter
ests of her citizens and government connected
with the terms of that basis, and the new and
interesting relations proposed to be eventually'
consummated thereby, as presented in the note
referred to; and notwithstanding the great phy
steal prostration occasioned by a severe attack
of illness, u hich has confined the President for
the lasi ten davs to a bed of sickness, he has
given to the contents ol Mr. Donelson’s note the
consideration due to their great importance
viewed in connection with their probable influ
ence u ton the future destiny of this nation.
The intimate acquaintance ot Mr. Donelson
with the institutions and organic law of this
Republic renders it unnecessary’ for the under
signed to make known to him. that the Presi
dent is not clothed with the power either of ac
cepting or needing the terms of the proposition
presented by the note referred to. Under such
circumstances he is impelled by a sense of the
high duties of his station, al so important a junc
ture, to call to his aid the assembled representa
tives of the people, and to avail himself of the
benefits of their counsel and deliberations touch
ing the important matters communicated by
Mr. D., to whom the undersigned has the honor
of announcing, underthe instructions of his Ex
cellency, that he has determined at an early day
to convene the Congressot the Republic, when
he wifi lav before that honorable assembly, for
its consideration and action, the note of the
Hon. Mr. Donelson, and the Joint Resolution
therewith transmitted.
In communicating which, the undersigned
avails himself ot the occasion to renew to Mr.
Donelson the assurance of the high regard with
which he has 'he honor to remafn,
His most obedient, faithful servant,
EBEN’R ALLEN.
[Hr. Donelson tn Mr. Allen.]
? ; Legation of tub Limited States. )
Washington, (Texas,) April 16,1845. J
' The undersigned, Charge d’Affaires of the
United States, has the honor to acknowledge
the receipt of the note addressed to him on the
14'h inst, by the Hon. Eben’r Allen, Attorney
General of the Republic of Texas, charged ad
interim with the direction of the Department of
State, in answer to that of the undersigned,
transmitting the proposals from the United
States for the admission of Texas into the U
nion.
The determination of the President to con-,
vene the Congress of the Republic ot Texas at
an early day, for the purpose of consulting with
that body as to the deliberation and action due
to thc<e proposals from the United States, is
what the undersigned expected. The consum
mation of this important measure, changing, as
it will, the Organic laws of the Republic, neces
sarily requires the ratification and direction of i
the people, under such forms as the existing t
Government may recommend; and the under, :
signed is happy to say to the Hon. Mr. Allen, t
that this initiatory step, so promptly taken by
this G ivern nenl, will not la'l to be gratifying
to the President of the U. States, who willsee <
in it an assurance that if the proposals for the t
re-union of the two Republics are adopted, the t
changes made necessary thereby in the present I
Constitution and Government of Texas, will be :
effec-ed with the calmness and deliberation be- I
coming the important subject.
And the undersigned takes pleasure in re- ;
newingto Mr. Allen assurances ot the great t
regard with which be has the honor to subscribe t
himself, I
His obedient servant, <
A. J. DONELSON. t
[Mr. Allen to Mr Donelson ] It I
Department of Stats, ( I
Washington, Texas, May 19, 1845. J
The und?rsigned, Attorney General ot the I
Republic ot Texas, charged ad interim with the 1
direction of the Department ot Stale, repecitul- s
ly invites the attention of the Hon. Mr. Donel- >
son, Minister Charge d'Affaires ol the Unit'd s
States near this Government, to the following <1
considerations respecting the in erests ol the s
two countries, whether viewed in the existing a
attitude of their mutual relations, or in that of '■
their probable and prospective connections. ti
it cannot have escaped the notice ot the Hon. 11
Mr. Donelson that, Irom the tenor of the iaie f'
communication of Gen. Almonte to the Presi I:
dent ol the United States, when demanding his d
pa-sports as Minister Plenipotentiary and En- b
voy Extraordinary ol the Government of Mexi- '
co, 1 exas is still claimed by the latter as one ol c
its departmm's, and that belligerent measures I
are threaten'd to maintain this claim: also, 11
that from the newspaper accounts of the termi- c
nation ol all dinlomatic intercourse with the e
American Minister ot Mexico, the tame belli- h
gerent attitude is manifested by a circular ala
leged to have been addressed to the representa- u
lives ol England and France at thatcoun. a
From the tone ol these manifestoes a new in- g
vasion of the territory of Texas m'y reasona- a
biy be apprehended, if the proposals lately re- i‘
ceived from the United States for the annexa- t>
thm of Texas to the Fedetal Union should be tl
accepted by Texas; ot which results the sure “
indications of the popular will, exhibited from “
the various portions of the Republic, present to u
the mind an assurance so stjong as to challenge h
conviction and leave scarcely a possible room h
lor doubt. '
jK F' or ltie reasons suggested, the undersigned <
’* deems it his duty respectfully to inquire of Mr. <
Donelson whether under such circumstances, <
calculated to excite the resonable apprehension*
of the peopl •ot Texas, and especially to dis- i
turb the tranquillity of the sett.ements along ‘
her western frontiers, it would not be alike pro- '
per and consistent tor the United States to ex- I
tend its protection to this Republic? 1
• The people of Texas would regard Ihe pre- <
senee ot the requisite force on their frontiers in 1
no other light than as an act of justice and
friendahip, properly accorded during the penden- <
cy ot the measure in progress for annexation, <
and as an indication of the aid justly due them '
in the completion of the constitutional steps r
yet necessary to their admission into the Union.
The performance ot the conditions required 1
by the Unite I States of Texas, in acting upon t
the terms of the overture tor annexation, neces- i
sarily subjects the people ol this Republic to I
very onerous expenses, the burthen ot which
operates with far greater severity in conse
quence of t' e non-payment of the sums due to
ttiis Government from the United States lor 1
claims arising in the cases ot Snively and the
collectoral district of Red River.
The undersigned cannot for a moment enter- '
tain the belief that the United Staleswill require
that Texas shall alone sustain these burthens;
and especially in the event ol the renewal ol
the war by Mexico, ft a this republic will be
expected to bear exclusively its burthens; since,
in reality, such a war would be occasit ned by
the acts and aimed at the interests no less of the
United Sta'es than Texas.
To this subject the undersigned has, by the
direction of the President, solicited the attention
of the H n. Mr. D. and has been authorized by
him to say that, in case of the anticipated ••tner
gency, the passage ot United States troops
through the Texian territory, to its western
frontier, will be welcomed and facilitated by lhe
constituted authorities as well as by inc people
ot this country.
The undersigned renews to Mr. D melson the
assurances of his distinguished consideration
and regard, and remains his most obedient ser
vant, - EBEN’R. ALLEN.
[ Mr. Dimelson to Mr. Allen. ]
Nr.w Orleans, |
May 34th 1845. v
The undersign'd, Charge d’Affiires of the
U. States, has had the honor to receive the note ol
theH m. Mr. Allen, Attorney Generalol the Re
public of Texas, charged ad interim with the
direcion ol the Department of Stale, dated the
I'Jih inst., in which he states the considerations
upon which he thinks it proper that Texas
should receive'he protection of the United States,
should Mexico carry into eflect her hostile de
derations in consequence ol the acceptance bv
Texas ol the proposals submitted by die United
States for her admission as one of the Slates ol
the Union.
In reply to this note of the Hon. Mr. Allen, a
copy of which has been forwarded to the De
partment of State at Washington City, the un
dersigned takes pleasure in staling that he has
not a doubt the requisite instructions will be
immedia elv issued by the President ot the Uni
ted Stales for securing to tho western frontier ot
Texas full protection against any invasion that
may be threatened or attempted by Mexico un
tier the circumstances stated There is already
a considerable force concentrated on the portion
of the frontier of the U. Sates adjacent to the ter
ritory of Texas, and also an increase ol the na
val force in the Gult of Mexico. In the event
ol the renewal of the war against Texas on ac
count ot her determination to become a member
of the Federal Union, this force can readily be
brought to act in defence of Texas, and the un
dersigned doubts not it will be so ordered to act,
if the exigency arises so reasonably anticipated
by the Hon. Mr. Allen.
The undersigned admits the justice ot the re
marks made bv the H >n. Mr. Allen in relation
to ihe extraordinary expensesthiown upon Tex
as by the steps necessary to execute the provi
sions of the Joint Resolution of the United
Stales. Under nearly similar circumstances the
United States have borne the expenses incurred
bv their territorial governments, an * it may be
confidently anticipated that the same liberality
will be exiended to Texas.
jf jn respect to the claims arising in the cases
[F. - . pf Snively and the revenue district on Red River.
> which were recommended for payment bv the
■ President to the last Congress ol the United
F States, the undersigned doubts not that the most
ample provision will be made by the next Con
r gress. The Hon. Mr. Allen is aware of the
x circumstances which often prevent action on
> claims, even when they are lavorahly reported
upon by appropriate committees, in time to
bring them within the provision ot law, and se
cure their payment bv the proper accounting
oflv-ers; such, in all probability, was the case in
this ins ance.
But concerning these claims and the extraor-
dinary expenses to be incurred by Texas in the
extra sessions of her Congress and Convention;
and also concerning other inconveniences to
" hich she may be subjected by the acceptance
of the proposals for her admission into the Union,
the nndersiene : will address another comtnuni
tion to the H-irt. Mr. Allen, in which he trusts a
mode will he suggested for their disposition
which will be entirely satisfactory to Texas;
and in the meantime the undersigned has the
honor to renew to Mr. Allen assurances of the
great respect with which he remains
His most ot edient servant,
A. J DONELSON.
[Concluded to-morrow ]
Fashion and Petona. —It is well understood
that negotiations are pending, having for thei
object a meeting betweefl the rival champions
during the approaching Fall campaign. A
soon as “the high contracting parties” shall
have arranged the terms of the race, our readers
shall be apprised ol it. In the tneanti e we
mav mention as an interesting item of sporting
intelligence, that Mr. Laird’s stable has been
strengthened by the addi’ion ofAfartncr, who is
again in training, and going remarkable well.
Mariner is a half brother to Fashi n, and for
bis inches, proved him-ell one ol the best per
formers we have had on the Northern Turf.—
Spirit of the Times.
“ What's the matter, John?”
'* Why, Sam hove a Bible at me and hit my
head ”
“ Well, you are the only boy of the family on
which the Bible has ever been able to make an
impression. Cry as long as you please.”
Agricultural.
From the Southern Cultivator.
A Cirape <Top safer than most others a
gahist iiyury by late Frosts and Drouths.
Most kinds of grain are sometimes injured
by late trusts in the spring, and most kinds ot
fruit, as apples, peaches, pears, &c., are some
times destroyed thereby, as was the case on the
night of the Bih ol April, in this region ot our
country. But the prospect ot a grape crop is
now as good as if no such frost had occurred,
for tne grape leaves and blossoms, tor me most
part, had not put torlh. Again, there is some
thing peculiar in the formation of blossoms and
Iroit on grape vines; as thej r are capable ol an
entire new growth the same season. Hence, il
all the leaves and blossoms are destroyed by a
frost, they will come out again, and a cron en
sue notwithstanding: as in the case mentioned
bv the late Mr. Herbemont, ot Columbia, S. C.,
where grape vines are more subject to injuries
by late frosts than here. His entire crop ot
grapes he once considered ruined, as the blos
soms and all the foliage on his vines were de
stroyed; but an entirely new growth produced
abundantly. In my experience ot more than a
dozen years, I have never failed ot a grape crop
from late frosts, or any other cause; though
some foreign varieties I once cultivated, and
some American kinds, as the Isabella and Ca
tawba frequently rotted on the vines ere matur
ing. This evil I obviated bv cutting off in the
fall (spring grafting to stocks unremoved is no'
apt to succeed;) the most of the rotting kinds,
and grafting into their slocks those not liable to
this misfortune, such as my Halifax, Norton’s
V, Seedling, Vine Arbour, &c.
And 1 add here, that a grape crop stands a
drouth, in this region, better than most other ag
ricultural products. Last season a pretty se
vere drouth, in a critical time for grapes, or just
before most kinds ripen, caused a few only of
some varieties to drop prematurely, while other
kinds were not affected. True, last season i
was cut short of as full a crop ot wine as 1 ex
pected by about ten barrels; or 1 made but thir
ty instead of forty. But this was mostly owing
to a severe storm, o f some days continuance,
here called a gust, which blew down grapes
enough for several barrels ot wine. The fallen
fruit was, for the most part, eaten by swine, al
ways kept in my vineyards for such purposes,
and that of helping to keep the ground scarified
beneath the canopies.
I here take occasion to remark, that to those
having the foresight and industry to take pains
for it, a vineyard is a sure source of most plea
sant and healthful fruit, lor a number ot months
in the year, anil that, 100, " ten other sources
sometimes entirely fail. Nothing mure healthy
do we find than well selected tipe grapes In
view ol the general good health ot my family
and others in the abundant of grape fruit,
and that too in part ot a sickly time of year in
this region, I wonder ot at the account of un
healthy persons, in parts of Europe, being sent
for their recovery to the vineyards in Switzer
land to subsist entirely for the season on a grape
diet. And when we consider the very great
benefits o! pure wine to the human family and
its happy ten lency, when temperately used, to
counteract the direful effects of unhealthy food,
luxuries, intemperance, and disease, I wonder
not that wine is called by most eminent physi
cians the greatest of medicines, and that the un
erring toice of inspiration puts it along side of
bread i self, the staff’ of life. And seeing the
great excellency and zest of good wine, and the
unhappy proneness of human beings to pervert
and abuse all blessings of Providence, (the
greatest often most liable thereto,) 1 wonder not
at the emphatic warnings of the greatest moral
ists, and of the same unerring voice ot inspira
tion byway of raveat; and putting the abuse
thereof for the article used, calling wine a
“ mocker,” as well as representing strong drink
“raging.” This is analogous to the same vol
ume of inspiration, (not like the impostor Ma
homet’s false revelation denouncing a blessing
because of its liability to abuse,) representii g
mtwy or property, a blessing in itself consider
ed, bin the free or idolatry ot money as the root
of all, or (apart from the figurative language;
of wiMt kinds of evU. And that script’lle wine
was realh so, or fermented, and not mere grape
juice, as some vainly contend for, is quite evi
dent from its declared abuse and the very warn
ings ol the bibie against drunkenness thereby.
But scripture wine was indigenous to the coun
try where made, and therefore not liable to the
adulterations and injurious effects of foreign im
portations.
And mav I be suffered here to remark, ifi con
clusion, why not Americans(in a country where
native vines grow more luxuriantly than else
where,) make their own wines, and save annual,
millions of foreign dependence for the article,
hat propellv made and used, like in eastern
wine making countries, known to be the most
temperate in the world, is more unequivocally
good, pleasant, healthful and medicinal than
any of foreign importation?
In expressing these moderate and scriptural
views on the subject just touched upon, I am
perfectly aware lam liable to offend ultraisls;
or certain cla«-es ol people in our day of ex
travagant excitements, who run from one ex
treme to another, seeming to abhor nothing worse
than the golibin medium.
We have now rife in our country the aboli
tion humbug, tending to sacrifice the liberty and
happiness of all our white population for lhe
fancied good of the blocks. Anil the humbug ot
abolishing capital punishments, tending to sac
rifice the lives of virtuous citizens to cheat lhe
gallows of its dues as to murderers and cut
throats. And not the least of the ultraisms of
the day is, the temperance one of intempero.lely
denouncing all liquors, without exception, and
their use. And if all lhe aforenamed tirades ot
far worse than refined nonsense, were hurled
against human invi ntions only, I would not
here protest. But lam bold to aver that they
are not only against the universally benign ex
perience of mankind in all ages, (and so the
voice <>f Providence.) but most clearly against
the plainest authority of the word of God.
Most respectfully yours, &c.
Sidney Weller.
BrinckleyviUe, Halifax co., N. C., Muy, 1845.
From the Southern Cultivator.
Bermuda Grass.
Mr. Camak:—My experience with Bermuda
Grass commenced some eight years ago. When
I catue to Athens my lot was couipl itely set
with it; and about three quarters of an acre
was an old field which apoeared to have been
worn out, and had not been cultivated lor seve
ral years, in the mouth ot August, 1 enclosed
it, and sowed il in wheat and turnips. 1 had
through the win era very fine crop of turnips;
and in lhe mouth of June following 1 harvested
eight bushels ol fine wheat, in the fall I plow
ed it, and in March planted it in corn, putting
the drills seven teet apar'. 1 t lowed the corn
twice, running three furrows next the corn, and
leaving the middle of the rows undisturbed. In
the course of lhe summer, I cut and saved at
least five hundred pounds of as tine hay as 1
could have wished for; and in the fall gathered
about four barrels of corn. I have cultivated
the land ever since, and have never put one
spoonful of manure on it; and 1 have never
failed to make a fine crop of corn, peas and
beans; and I believe the land is much better
now than it was the first year 1 cultivated it,
and produces more.
The laud lies somewhat rolling, and there is
not the beginning ot a gully in it. This then is
another advantage to land, that Bermuda grass
effectually prevents it from washing.
Again, mv lot and yard were thickly set with
this grass. I planted my yard in fruit trees —
peach, apple, pear and cherry trees. They
have done well, and bear fine fruit without cul
tivation; and every farmer knows that broom
sedge will destroy an orchard in a few years if
nor cultivated.
In order to destroy Bermuda grass, cover it
with plank, chips, or pine brush, and you will
soon get clear of it. . ,
I find nto be lhe finest grass I ever ha . tor
my horses, hogs and cows, and even chickens.
But keep it out of yuur garden. I have dug
mv Irish potatoes' and found it had grown
hrough some of them. John Felton.
Athens, May, 1845.
Kenilworth Pigs.
The American Agriculturist, speaking of the
pigs pirchased of R. L. A’len, of Buffalo, by
vi I Brvan, of Bellevue, Talbot county, Georgia,
says they are of “ the largest and finest white
hr ed to be foun lin England. Two sows of this
lot were judged to wrigh over lbs . in
breeding condition, and mav be fattened to wek’h
7 n o lbs. The year’ing boar was large and fine
and would weigh about 400 lbs. There were
some younger ones in the lot quite as promising.
These animals were ordered by Mr. Bryan, for
the purpose of meeting the taste of those plan
ters who wish more size than is generally found
in the other good breeds. We are confident they
will be satisfied in this respect, and get their pork
with a reasonable amount of feed, which is sel
dom the case with overgrown animals. We are
glad to nodee these improvements goi g forward
at the South. We can confidently recommend
the importation of Mr. Bryan to his neighbors in
Georgia.”
Oatmeal as Human Food.
The American Agriculturist, in the number
for March, spoke in commendation ot the value
ot oatmeal as food for man. T hereupon also
Blacku ood’s Magazine holds forth in the fol
lowing lofty style in praise of Scotland’s favo
rite oat-cakes and porridge, bannocks and brose:
“You won’t pity us Scotch oatmeal eaters
any more, Mr. Cockney, we guess. Experi
ence and science are both on our side. What
makes your race horses the best in the world,
may be expected to make your peasantry so
too. We offer you, therefore, a lair bet. You
shall take ten English plowmen, and feed them
upon two pounds and a half of wheaten flour a
day, and we snail take as many Scotch plow
men, and teed them upon the same weight of
oatmeal a day—if they can eat so much, tor
that is doubtful—and we shall back out men
against yours for an} ? sum you like. Thwv
shall walk run, work or fight you, it you like
it, and they shall throsfi you to your heart’s
content. We should like to convince you that
Scotch porridge has some real soli" metal in it.
We back the oat cake and the porridge against
all the wheaten messes in the world. We defy
your home made biead, your baker’s bread, you
household bread, your leaven bread, and your
brown Georgies- -your fancy bread and your
raisin bread -your baps, rolls, scones, muffins,
crumpets and cookies—your bricks, biscuits,
bakes, and rusks—your Bath buns, and your
Sally luns—your tea cakes, and saffron cakes,
and slim cakes, and plank cakes, and pan cakes,
and soda cakes, and currant cakes, and sponge
cakes, and seed cakes, and girdle cakes, and
singing hinnies- your short bread and youreur
rant buns —and if there be any other names by
which you designate your wheaten abomina
tions, we defy and detest them all. We swear
by r the oat ca»ce and the porridge, the substantial
bannock and the brose—long may Scotland pro
duce them, and Scotchmen live and fight upon
them!”
OF <OL. JJcIIO* A L.JD.
Before the Agricultural Society of Barbour county, Ala.
Gentlemen:—ln considering the subject of-
Agiicuiture we find that so much has been writ
ten of late years, that every H oint seems occu
pied; that the whole ground has been so taken
up by the first agriculturists of the country, and
the greatest statesmen <>f the age, such as Buel,
Colman, Seabro< k, O’Neal, Webster, McDuffie
and Rives, who have all appeared before the Ame
rican people as the advocates of agriculture, with
a host of others, that we may well despair of
bringing before you much that will be new or in
teresting. It however become- our duty to press
home the subj ct, to give line upon line, and pre
cept upon precept, however conscious we may be
that many of our suggestions will fall still-burn
from our lips. The earth every where abounds
with the e ements of human happiness and com
fort. To man has been co« signed by his < reator
the capacity and duty of cultivating the earth;
and it has been wisely ordained, that in the pro
portion as he discharges his duty, in that propor
ti «n is he prosperous, happy and c< mfoi table.—
The cultivation of the earth was the first em
ployment of man. It is still the great business
of all civilized nations, and particularly so in our
country. It must ever remain so. It is alike
necessary to our health, our comforts, our wants
and our happiness. Ail other arts and employ
ments are dependent upon and have grown out ol
agriculture. They are necessarily dependent
upon it for support and existence.
If agriculture a ere to cease, all other arts and
trades would fail. The face of the earth would
again become a wilderness and man a savage.
A survey of the present condition of the globe
will show us, that nations are enlightened and
prosperous, in proportion to the improved or ne
glected state of agriculture, and that other arts
of useful industry prosper or decline, as this pa
rent art is productive or unproductive. Spain,
Italy, Asia Minor and Egypt, have in turn bee
the granaries, in a measure, of the civilized
world. While their agriculture flourished, thev
were prosperous and powerful; but as the agricul
ture of those countries declined, their energies
btoken down, and their population have be
come poor, miserable objects of pity. Farmers
and mechanics form the great body of our popu
lation. Their lab'-rs constitute the principal
source of the wealth of this country; consequent
ly all and every thing that can he done to endtr
their labor more profitable, is adding to the amount
of human happiness. The illustrious Franklin,
who sustained towards his country the honorable
a' pellati-m of mechanic, patriot, statesman and
philosopher, haspmnounced agriculture the most
honorable of all employments, being the most
independent. Ihe farmer, says he, “ has no
need of popular favor, nor of the favor of lh»
great the success of hL crops depending only
on the blessing ot G »d and his own industry ”
In speaking of th-? farmer, we mean all who
cultivate the soil. Whether he be called planter
or farmer, we look upon them as belonging to
the same cass: we regard them as brothers,
though geographically separated from each other;
and no matter if one should raise rice cotton,
another corn, another wheat, another sugar, an
other tobacco, they are all agriculturists—all
equally dependent upon the Bonnty^nd .
of their. Creator Gentlemen, we hav% every in-
t>l Ill'll VyICIIMJI MCHIICIIIt/ll) VV to nu » » CVCJJ ill
ducement to exert all our energies in the cause
in which we are engaged—the imnrovement of '
the agriculture of our interesting section ofcoun- (
try. We have cast our lots in one of the most
desirable portions of the United States, for while ’
we can raise by proper attention every product
that can be producedin more northern regions, we
can. in our mild climate and vigorous soil, raise
many valuable and highly important products 1
that cannot be produced where the winters are 1
long and the summers short. In speaking ofdif- !
ferent sections of country, I believe, however, 1
that the Almighty has distributed his blessings ■
with an impartial hand. Although i know it has {
been common for gentlemen in addressing Agri
cultural Societies, to claim for some particular
sections of country advantages over other sec
tions, my opinion is, that wherever you find the ’
industrious, prudent, ear ful farmer, whether he
reside in the North, South, b asj or West, there
you will find the happy man.
Th iseofus that are old enough to recollect the
state of agriculture forty years past in tho South, 1
and compare it with what it is at the present
time, must see the most striking improvements
At that day, the entire crop ol small grain was cut
down with the old fashioned si< k e. A man woul
have been driven Irom the field that would have
attempted to introduce the cradle into a wheat
field, in the upper parts of Georgia. 1 have of
ten i-een twenty reapers at a time taking down 1
the narrow swarth, It was consi-lered a breach
of ihe rules of that day, that three heads of wheat
should he found to reach each other after t h e
reap rs hid passed over the field. Fifty poun s
of cotton was considered a good day’s work fora
hand to pick ou . Our valuable southern stap e
was then packed, or rather pou ded,intoa round,
unshapely bag. and, if it had been ever so nice,
it was so sa 1 mated by throwing water into the
bag to enable the packer to get in some cotton
that the cotton was measuribly spoiled before it
left the gin. We then hauled it from one to
three hundred miles on wagons. I have known
it h tuled with a four horse team from Georgia to
Virginia, The plow we then used was the old
fashioned cutter, the com non sh >vel, and the
heavy and awkward bar-shear. Twist d raw
hide was used to a considerable extent in the
place of the trace chain. Tobacco, which was
then extensively cultivati d in the upper pan of
Georgia, was tumbled over, or rather rolled
through, the mud hundreds of miles to ma ket,
under the appellation of the rolling hogshiad; it
often being a matter of much doubt, as ter reach
ing the market, whether the tobacco would pass
the inspection orbe condemned as worthless.
How changed is every thing since that day.
Our small grain (• wish we were raising more ot
it) is now taken down with the well constructed
ctad’e, and in many sections it is taken down
with horse power. Our cotton, that has done
more to give employment to the world, and to re
gulate exchanges among the different nations ol
rhe earth, than any other product, has been so
improved tn its preparation, that in many in
stances we have been enabled to give it almost
the appearance of silk. We now press it into a
tice, portable square package, that is easily trans
ported to any given point. From one to two
hundred pounds is now considered a dav’s work
for a hand to pick out. That most important
implement of husbandry, the plow, has been so
improved by our ingenious and enterptising me
■hanics, that a hand will uow perform nearly dou
ble the q mntitv of labor in a day that was for
nerly done, and d > it much better. I am not
prepared to say when our plows will be seen to
pass and repa-s through our fields propelkd by
steam; though from the rapid march of imnrove
nent, 1 have no reason to doubt but that the cay
will come when that and other improvements
equally astonishing will take p ace. I have bare
y touched on the improvements that have been
and are constantly in progress in agriculture and
agricultural implements.
"Notwithstanding the improvements that have
been made, and are uow making, to advance the
cause of husbandry, it is true, that it is far be
hind all other arts and sciences: for while in this
azo of improvement, almost every art and sci
enco has improved with the velocity of a railroad
car, agriculture has moved along at a snail’s
pace. The reason is apparent to everv one that
has taken the trouble to investigate the matter.
We have been raised on a virgin soil. It has been
our habit to cut down the forest, and in a few
years skim off the surface, and before the trees
that wc had belted, to enable us to grow corn and
cotton under them, were fairly dead, we have
heaidof so no o'her new country that held out
i ducements, as we supposed ; the consequence
has been th»t we have been all the time moving
from one new country to another; we have nev
er remained long enough at any one place to
make experiments in agriculture, or to become
comfortable. Even in my short day, and short it
is, (still I find myself, gentlemen, getting a little
in the grev of the evening,) I can well remember
when theOeouee river, in our sister State, Geor
gia, (which State ha- giv-n birth to many of us,)
was the western boundary Since that day, our
; adopted Statu, Alabama, has sprunginto exis
i tence, and though but little over a quarter of a
century old, in point of agricultural improve
ment, and in the amount of agricultural produc
tions, has already surpassed some of the other
States, and in a few years will be up by the side
of tbe most prosperous. There is :io portion of
t the globe, wh ’seinhabitants are more deeply in
- terested in every thing calculated to advance the
, cause of agricu ture, than the one we inhabit
s In England one-third of its inhabitants are em
s pleyedin agricultural pursuits; in France two
-1 thirds; in T taly three-fourths; while in the U.
1 States it appeals, from the most accurate calcu
s lation that has been made, that seventy-seven
e ont of eve y hundred of the population areem-
ployed in the cultivation of the soil. Inourown
r State it has been ascertained that thirte n-four
- teen hsof them that labor are employed in agri
i culture.
Our soil and climate are surpassed by none in
the world In point of fertility and mildness.—
There is the gre itest responsibility restingon us
as'Reiners, it is out indispensable duty, as it
shoul. be our greatest pride, to set about an im
proved state of husbandry. The old skinning
system of taking every thing from our kind and
indulgent mother eart K , while we add nothing to
her in return, should be abandoned at once, while
our country is new, while our soil is strong and
he»lthy, before deep gashes are cut inlier back
by the washing rains. Let us adopt the old hor
izontal system of plowing. Before our level
land is exhausted by a constant pressure of crops,
and we b< gin to lun out field after field as
worthless, let us commence the manuring sys
tem, and the more so, as we have great advantages
over many other portions of country in point of
manuring, on account o’ - the extensive beds of
blue marl that every where are to be found on
the banks of our streams way we will be
enabled to make our even double
the present crop, and, indeed, we may far exceed
that point It is not known by any living man
what an acre of land may be made to produce by
a high state of manuring and proper cultivation.
It is my impression that by a jud cious system
of manuring our Im.ds, the common pine lands
of this section of country can be made to pro
duce fifty bushels of corn to the acre, and two
thousand pounds of cotton, as an average crop.
I am so confident of success, that I have made a
commencement. During thela&tyearl prepared
some six thousand bushels of compost manure
on niv farm, besides our cotton seed. The com
post was prepared by hauling into a lot where
our cattle are constantly penned, about equal
patts of marl and pine straw. Aftei suffering it to t
nmain some three or four months, we haul i
out in January. We have the present year, by
way of trial, placed it in the drills. We consider
this only a commencement; for, if spared, we
expect this year to make more than double the
quantity of last year, for I have such confidence
in the import mce of manuring, that I < xpect to
devote much of the labor of my hands to its pre
paration. The idea of travelling over one hun
dred acres of land, to gather what should be pro
duced on twenty, is so far from that wise and »u
--dicious course of agriculture, that I hope no far
mer will consent to be satisfied with it.
It is only necessary, gentlemen, to look upon
the present signs df the times, to see that there
is throughout our entire country, a snong dispo
sition to improve its agriculture. There has
been a greater number of meetings of the farm
ers within the last six months, than has taken
place in six years previous. This speaks a lan
guage not to be, misunderstood. Those primary
meetings are the forettlnners oi ant move
ments that will follow. It is what I have desi ed
to see for the last five years—a concert of action
on tne part of the cultivators of the soil for its
improvement. It is time, it is high time, that
we go to work in good earnest. During last
summer, I took a trip of three months through
the States of Alabama. Tennessee, and my na
tive State, Georgia. My object, from the day I
left home until 1 returned, was to see the s'ate of
agriculture. 1 took no partin the exciting topics
of the day A great many of the farms that I
passed in the diiieient States presented anv thing
else ut a thriving appearance. I was often re
minded of a remark made by Dr. Manley, in bis
excellent address before the Alabama State Agri
cultural Convention in IP4I, that many of our
farms appeared to the passe by, as if a shower
<»f houses had fallen on one day, and a shower of
rails the next, ft is pleasing to repeat, that we
have brighter prospects in view at the present.
The ball is put in motion, let us keep it collimz,
and in a few years the face of the country will
be changed. 11 is from our mother earth that we
have to dig out the heavy debt we owe to Ing
land every dollar ot which let us pay, and, as
farmers, present an honorable and square front to
the world. But in the meantime, we should en
deavor to make two ears of corn grow w here one
grew before. By a high state of manuring our
lands, and a proper attention to all the various
branches of our avocation, our harvest will be
increased double Let our State step forward
and throw the weight of her influence on the
side of improved husbandry. Let our legislative
bodies meet but once in two years. Tade the
money thus saved, and employ a suitable man
to make a Geological and Agricultural survey of
the State; also employ a professor of Agricul
»ure in our State < odege; also, let there be a mo
del farm established, where agriculture will be
'aught, practically as well as suientificallv. We
have t samples b fore us in several of the States.
Look at the vast improvemen s in Arricqlture m
New York and South Carolina. Th- Legisla
tures of th »se States haved nemuch to promote
the cause of husbandry. I wi-1 give you an ex
tract of the message • f Governor Noble, of South
Carolina, to the Legislature of that State in 1839:
“In giving you in.ormation of the condition of
the State (says the Governor,) I should feel that
I was obnoxious to the charge of neglecting one
ot the most important branches of industry, were
I to be silent on the subject of agriculture. This
pursuit o: the great mass oftht people has claims
upon your fostering care and attention ; it is the
-ource of our wealth and power, and furnishes
the means of our commercial exchang.-s. Its
importance seems never to have been realized by
the constituted authorities of the State; it is a
amentable truth, that while other branches of
indusi y h ive received an impu se by wholesome
'aws, the great interests of agrk ulture have been
uassed by aimo-t wiih silent contempt. It is
now ime tha the State dismiss from her coun
cils this cold indifference, and take su* h action
•>n the subject as will promote its success.”
Since ’839, the >iate of South Carolina has, as
is well known, been one of the most persevering
'tates in urging forward the claims of agriculture
>he has her St ite Agricultural Society, and most
«he districts or counties have their County
We have examples of lhe high estimation in c
which the greatest men of America have he d f
agriculture; for thy have all been practical agri- r
■ui urists, or the devoted friends of agriculture, |
and after serving their country in the highest sta- .
tions in the gilt of the people, have retired to 1
-pend the evening of their days on their farms.
Agrieultur .1 Societies, from their introductio c
into the United States un to the present, how
ever, h ve been considered, and are now view- 1
ed, as one of the principal means of improv- s
Ing the agriculture of the <ountry. This as- 5
s iciation is nothing more nor less than a set of !
farm rs, convened together to consult as to the
best means of pram uing their common int-rest; (
here there is no selfi-h object. One farmer pre- ,
-sentsone improvement, another another, and as c
almost every farmer conducts his farm in many ,
respects different from Itis neighbor, by ea< h .
■jiving his mode, culture and his success in h a 1
sys cm, we have it in our powe: to gather up and
apply much ucelul information, that would oth
erwise bs et't'rely lost, or be confined to one farm
alone. We not only oft n karn mu hby a per
sonal examination of each other’s mode of cul- '
titre, but by the system of appointing committees c
to look, not only into the mode es culture adopt- c
edby different farmers, but tr note down and re- 1
port the quantity of land cultivated in the various t
products. Should this system become univers ti s
throughout the S'ate, and the reports sent up to t
•he State Society annually, it would enable the (
farmer to act in the sale of h’s cop with a much ,
greater knowledge of what he was doing; there .
would not be this constant guessing as to the [
probable quantity of this or that product raised. ,
The advantages growing out of Agricultural So
cieties, in giving rewards or premiums for the
best domestic fabrics, have done much to pro
note industry, c.eating a laudable competition,
and has often led to most valuable results.
Next to Agricultural Societies as a means of
improving the hrsbandry of the country, the
retding of agricultural papers and periodicals has
lo.te and is doing much. As an evidence of the
high value set. on agricultural papers by the culti
ators of the soil—they are daily growing into
their confidence. The prejudice heretofore ex
istinga<.einst e.’ery thing written on the subject
of agriculture, generally c .lied book-farming, is
rapidly giving way to a more en ightened view,
and instead of one agricultural paper that stood
up solitary and ilone, twenty years past, as the
i'r end of Agriculture, there is now over thirty of
these papers published, in every section of our
w'de spread country, scattering light and spread
ing useful knowledge and information in every
direction. Although General Washington lived
long be.ore an agricultural paper was thought of
in America, so important did he consider the pe
rusal of Agricultural works, that he sent to Eu
rope and procured the publications of the best
wri ers on agriculture and read-hem with dili
gence -nd reflection, drawing from them such
scientificaud practical Itin.s as he could advnn
tageously use in improving his farm.
The improvement of mechanic artsis equally
important with that of the improvement of hits
bandry. We are indebted to the Mechanic for
our success as farmers; at evety step that we
ta e without these indispensable implements of
husbandry, in daily use, bv which we are enabled
o cultivate the earth, what could we do? How
could we su' feed as farmers, without the plow,
the hoe, the axe, the hund ed other implements,
that are tndispensa le to our suceesv as farmers,
that are furnished "s by the industrious and in
genious Mechanic? We are indebted to the Me
chanic. for the houses we occupy, for the cloths
we wear. WiihoUt the printing press, how would
we be informed of the various improvements that
arec instcntlvgoingoninagricultur<? Whatdis
nosition would we mike of our surplus products,
without the aid oi the Mechanic?—without the
stermbo- 1 end the ship, to transport our cotton
to distant lands, and furnish us with theindispen
sable articles in daily use ? We should succeed
but poorly as farmers. Hence we say that the far
mer and the mechanic, are twin brothers, alike
dependent on each other for support and success.
It is not at a 1 wonderful that our Heavenly
Father, should have selected a garden as the rest
denee of the first pai l ’. None but those who cul
tivate a garden can form auv just idea of the
pleasure it affords those who spend a portion of
their time in this delightful employment. We
have never yet sufficiently appreciated the cont
orts, to say nothing of the luxuries of a well
cultivated garden, "indeed, Horticulture is only
an i oproved state of Agriculture. A well culti
vated garden, will supply half tile daily demands
of a family. In our sunny South, we may be
supplied with vegetables and fruits all the year
round from the garden, of some kind. I know it
has been common with us to turn over the garden
to some extent to the ladies, and in many in
stances, (be it said to their honor) they manage it
much better than we do; for they have that pro
per taste, so necessary to the management of a
nice and handsome garden. An! it we, in our
travels through the country, would make it our
business to collect wherever we go. all the rare
and valuable vegetables, fruits and flowers, (yes,
flowers, if you please,) and place them in the
hands of our “ ives and daughters, they would
give a good account ot them. 1 believe there is
no t'tr.e so profitably spent as that devoted to the
preparation and cultivation of a garden. Here,
morning, noon and night, you make your appli
cation for nourishment, and if you have done
your duty well, you do not apply in vain; you not
only are supplied with that which is pleasant and
palatable, but that which is healthy We have
said that toe ladies have sometimes conducted
the arrangements ot the garden; and, so far as
flowers are concerned, here is her appropriate
home; here, su rou.ided by the blossoms she has
cultivated with her own fair hands, sh ■ delights
o dwell. It has been most appropriately re
mt ked by some wri er, that while the seeds, ve
getables and fruits of the earth, are the bounties
1 of the Almighty, that flowers are his smiles.
e wou'd recommend every fanner, and indeed
every one, tn cultivate a taste for Horticulture.
Nothing aids so much as it wull conducted gar
den, no matter how small it may be, to make
home a pleasant atffl happy place. After we have
toiled throuahout the day, how pleasant to return
in the evening, and seat ourselves under some
shade tree in the garden that v.e have planted
with our own hands. Nothing is ao well calcu
lated to soften down our nature as a stt oil through
a beautiful flower garden. The man who plants
a fruit, or a shade tree, becomes to some extent a
public benefactor.
A few of the friends of Agriculture, anxious
to improve the state of husbandry in our new
countrv, where but the other day, the red
man of the forest was the onh occupant, met
in this town in 1839, and formed themselves
into an Agricultural Society. Since tho for
mation of an association, son eof its early and
most devoted friends have gone to that bourne
from whence no traveller returns. Many of us
Vet live, and enjoy the pleasure of meeting lo
g. ther from time to time, to consult for the good
of the whole. That our society has I
all that its friends hoped for, wo do not pretend to
claim : that it has done some good, we are equally
confident. All we now want, to make the Bar
bour county Agricultural Society, the great cen
tre from which shall be spread out useful and im
portant knowledge, that wi'ldo much to improve
the farming interest of this country, is a united
effort, on the part of its members. The farmers
of this c nintry have it in their power, to make it
one vast garden ; and bv a universal effort to im
prove the Agriculture of theso United States,
they can soon become the grainery of the world.
CULTIVATION OF ASIA..AGIS.
Ot all vegetables, treated as "greens,” the as
paragus is considered by most, as standing at the
bead of the list. Comparatively few, however,
provide themselves properly with a supply ; or
even where they have bad an abundance, it is
not of the first quality. Perhaps a few hints on
its culture, and on the mode of obtaining the
finest, may be acceptable at this time.
The difference between large asd small as
paragus, depends very much on cultivation, a
deep, rich soil, and plenty of room betwam the
plants, producing the largest growth. Some’-
thing also doubtless is to be attributed to the va
riety; as by a successive selection of seed from
the thriftiest plants, an ultimate improvement
may be obtained. Hence, in/Srahking a bed,
seed Irom those plants known to be
very large, are to be preferred It good plants,
one or two years ottf, can beSmaWl at Hand,
the bed will ot course be acceleratud hue year.
A common and a good practice in preparing
an asparagus bed, is to trench the grouud two
spades deep, and .hen return the earth thus re
moved, mixed with alternate layersol nearly an
equal quantity of stable manure, until the top of
lire bed is six inches above tbe surface of the
ground. But a great improvement on one part
of this process is—alter each layer of soil is
thrown on the preceding layer of manure, to In
termix it very thoroughly with the manure, by
means of a coarse iron' rake, potatoe-hook, or
other suitable tool. This thorough admixture
ot soil and manure, though scarcely ever prac- ‘
tised, is of the greatest importance, as large
lumps of pure manure and of earth, without be
ing finely divided and interfused, form but a
poor material for the extension of the fine and
delicate fibres ol the growing plants.
The bed being ready for the reception of the '
plants from the seed bed, which should be re
moved with the least possible injury to the roots, '
proceed to lay off the trenches for the rqws.
One of the greatest errors with most cultivators 1
is crowding their plants too closely together; '
they wish, after so much labor in the preparation ■
of a fine bed, to obtain the largest possible sup- (
ply from it, but defeat their own purpose by tbe ,
slender and diminished growth resulting from i
such treatment. The nearest possible distance t
which ought ever to be admitted in an aspara- I
gus bed, is one foot apart in the row, and eigh- <
teen inches l/elween the rows. Thus, it the
trenched bed is tour feet wide, only two rows '
can be admitted, instead of lour or fi .e, as usu- '
ally practised. This may be seen by the fol- ‘
lowing diagram, the dots indicating tbe plants, ’
which are placed, not opposite, but alternating
with each other, which gives the more space be
tween them. If there are eighteen inches ol
spcce between the rows, then there will be fifteen
inches from lhe rows to lhe edge ot lhe bed,
which is none too much for the proper extension
of he roots. The trenches for lhe plants should
be made six inches deep, and wide enough to ad
mit ihe rools spread out horizontally, which
most be done with lhe lingers. The depth
should be such that two or three inches of earth
may be spread on the crowns of tbe plants. The
beds may be made of any length to suit cultiva
tors. One a hundred and silty teet long and four
feet wide will supply an abundance for a mode
rate sized lamilj’.
After a bed is transplanted, it should remain
uncut for two seasons. Cutting sooner will
greatly injure its subsequent thriftiness.
If it is remembered that the two chief requi
sites for success, are plenty cf room for the
growth of the plants, and a deep, fertile soil, m
one need be at a loss in the cultivation ol this
fine vegetable. Good, constant, and cleanly cul
quence than large varieties mefely. Indeed, the
fact that with good cultivation and management,
no plants are small, and without that none are
large, has led manv intelligent persons to sup
pose that the difference between giant and small
varieties is owing entirely to these circumstan
ces, and they are not far wrong.
One advantage which may be derived, frojji
planting Hie rows more distant than is usual, be
sides large growth, is the facility of keeping lhe
ground cultivated, a light plow drawn by one
horse being passed freely between them.
Wt'hsuch distances, and the facilities as
forded tor horse cultivation, much finer plants
may be had from a rich, deeply plowed soil
only, than without them fiom a trenched bed
two teet deep, though depth and distance com
bined are the best Albanu CiMivalor.
Information Wanted.
Mr. Editor:—The subject of this short com
munication, is simply to elicit through the
columns ot your interesting paper, information
concerning the proper tillage of some gra-s,—
timothj’, clover, < r any olher, such as the cor
respondent, who may deem it necessary to an
swer this small request, shall think best ddapteu
to the soil and climate ot the interior ol South
Carolina. To tee v riter, who will comply
with the above request, i give my obligation to
procure the seed recommended, follow his di
rections as close as possible, and report lhe re
sults of rny attempt —viz:
The soil, preparation, and manner of planting.
The quar tity o! manure—per acre.
“ " “ seed “
Modeof cultivation, and seasons for mowing
Such information, reported through lhe Cul
tivator, will be thankfully received by your
humble-uhscriber. D. G. Wood
Jcffreifo Creek, Darlington, S. C., May, 1845.
Palma Christi.
Mr. Camak:—A friendof mine has requested
me to ask, through the columns of the Culti
vator, for instruction in the manner of raising
the Paln a Christi, or castor oil plant:—how
lhe seed are prepared for the press, and what
sort ot a press is used ? It he can get the pro
per insttuclion in the business he will go into it.
While writing, I will say a word or two on
the manner of raising 'he sweet p< tato. 1 saw
last year the result ot an experiment which did
extremely well. The vines were cul off Irom
some part ol the patch, daily, and given to the
hogs; and this was their principal food, until
al! lhe vines were taken off within IS to 18
inches ot the root. The ground cracked very
much ; and, at digging time, a crop was housed
superior, by at least one third, to any tint had
ever beet raised on th' sami farm, ou the same
quantity of land. Yours, W'LLlam Dtvts.
SI. Dauls, N. C., May 27, 1845.
Batter Cakeo-
Mi:. James Camak —Since commencing to
keep house,some month orsosiuce, my wife has
been giving me a batter-cake with which I am
so much pleased, and it is so simple and so easy
to make, that 1 am induced to send the receipt to
you tor your valuable paper, should you choose
to insert it therein. I have uever seen the same
thing any where else, although it may be used
by many in some sections ot the country. This
is tho receipt tor making a cheap and excel
lent batter-cake—better than buckwheat, viz:
Make a mush of Indian meal, work it well, and
let it get cool. To 1 pint ot milk add 3 or 4
tabfe-spoonslul ot the cold mush, then add a lit
tle fl >ur, to make it of the proper consistence
for batter, 1 tea-spoonful of fine salt, J tea
spoonful of saleratus, and 1 egg it you have one,
if not it does very well without, and cook as
any other bade'-cake on a greased griddle.
A Y'iuno (Green Co ,) House Keeper.
Greensboro, Ga., May, 1845-
Bermuaa Grass.
Will the Editor of the Southern Cultiva
tor, or Mr John Cunningham o! Greensboro,
or any others who have had experience on th.
subject, please answer, through lhe c> lumns ot
the Southern Cultivator, the following in
quiries I— viz:
What would be lhe expense of enriching
land by planting Bermuda Grass and turning
it under, compared with the outlay required
when leaves and olher like substances are used?
Would not the expense of planting, turning
under, and extra la'rour in tending the land af
ter the grass, be less than the cost ol manuring
land by any other means of which we have any
knowledge?
May not Bermuda Grass be made tr do for
the South, all that clover does for the North ?
After the Bermuda Grass has been turned
under will it require more labour to tend the
land than it would if it was well stocked with
crab grass? Respectfully, P.
Monroe, Walton Co., Ga., June. 1345.
Dr. I.re, of Buffalo, asserts that 97 per eent. of
the food of plants isderived from the atmosphere,
and oalv 3 per cent from the soil. That a great
imjuntis so derived has been 1 -ng known. And
vet the want of some single ingredient in the
■oil may prevent a plant from eliminating for its
use this amplv supply of atmospheric food. How
moortant, then, that we should know the con
stituent elements of different plants, in order that
we may supply each with its appropriate food.
d Notices of Neto Books.
From the Dollar Farmer.
e- A TtißATisii on run Thkort ano Practice of Land.
0 scape Gardening, adapted to North America,
I) WITH A VIEW TO THE IMPROVEMENT OP FoUNThY Rb
e sidbncbs: By A J Downing: Second Edition.
d This edition of this valuable and interesting
- work, which has but recently reached the West,
ti presents it enlarged, revised, and ornamented by
s many new illustrations. It tnuy be considered
I now as a very complete work,and we regard it as
far the most valuable and interesting contribution
s ever made in this country to that class of the com
r munity to which it is specially addressed, not ex
-1 cepting the great works on agriculture which
t have distinguished this period.
s We are particularly desirous of recommending
this work to the attention of our readers. Much
1 as we feel it our duly to keep them advised of all
j the discove. les, experiments, and improvements
i in agriculture, we believe th >t we should render
. them, at least those in good circumstances, a far
I mote valuable and permanent service by simply
I inducing them to purchase and study thil treatise
, on the art of adorning their homesteads, and on
• the principles of taste in rural scenery. By com
. municating such information as might enable
them to increase their crops, the wealth of those
who avail themselves of such information might
. be augmented; they might ihus gain a pecuniary
advantage over their neighbors who disregard
i such Information; butltisbyno means certain
that their happiness, much less that of the great
mass of farmers, would be increased. On the hy
pothesis that they become richer, the sum ot their
pleasure or happiness would depend at last on the
manner of using the increased wealth; and nine
ti lies out of t.-n there would be no increase of the
enjoymentsof life. With regard to that large
class who either cannot or will not avai. them
selves of the information in question, the in
creased production of their richer or more enter
prising neighbors would be a decided injury by
lessening the va'ue of their own productions.
But the diffusion of a taste for rural scenery
would produce unmixed and universal benefits.
The happiness of those induced to adorn their
homesteads would be increased in a degree far be
yond the power of the mere accumulation of
wealth. Any kind of occupation prevents ennui,
but the occupation of landscape gardening par
takes of the rapturous delights felt by the painter
or poet in reducing to paper or canvass the visions
of the imagination. Landscape gardening is as
much a fine art as either painting or poetry, and
it diflers from these in litis, that all have more or
less the talent to practice it, and that there is
more general capacity to enjoy its effects.
With regard to persona in poor crreutnstances,
a taste for improving the country would promote
their interests by producing a demand for labor,
and by diverting labor from productive occupa
tions and slackening the competition among pro
ducers. The blighting effects of great competi
tion are nowhere better illustrated than in the
cotton region, where all the comforts and delights
of life are sacrificed in a struggle to make money,
and where the struggle to make money plunges
the people every day deeper in debt and poverty.
It one half the labor of th ? South were diverted
from cotton to the production of the comforts and
elegancies appertaining to a high state of civiliza
tion, not merely would the enjoyments of lite be
infinitely multiplied there, but the wealth of the
country increased.
The great obstacle to real social amelioration,
to progress in genuine civilization in this country,
is the inordinate thirst for gain, and the want of
local attachments. In general it may be said that
in the South and in the new western States the
only object of the cultivator of the soil, after sup
plying the actual wants of subsistence, is to in
crease in wea th. With this object alone in view
he makes a settlement, and he removes to a new
tarni the moment he can make a dollar by the ex
change. He seems to make his temporary home
as cheerless as possible, in order that no love of
il mav interfere to prevent his migration when
ever he believes he can make money by it. No
sentiment, no attachment is allowed to take root
that ma possibly interfere with the one object of
amassing riches. He builds a cabin of logs
barely tight enough to keep him from freezing he
cuts down every tree and shrub within a quarter
f a mile, he su rounds it with a worm-fence, and
with the plowshare ho defaces every vestige of
natural beauty up to his very door sill. In the
South, cotton and corn, in the West, corn, flax,
and hogs, are his only care. He cultivates no ve
getabk-s but cabbages and turnips, and no fruit of
any kind; for fruits and the more delicious »ege
tables are not necessaty to support lile, and the
cultivation of these would flatter pleasure, divert
the mind from the one object of life, and beget an
attachment for the soil, a sentiment of home and
the delights of civiliz,d life.
It is this migratory spirit, this srr lid love of
money, this worse than savage destitution of the
love ot home, attachment to the soil, and all tho
legalities, refinements, and charms of civiliza
tion, th it is tempting the peopie of this country
to pass beyond its b muds and seize the ample do
main of Texas; and one of the greatest, with us
far the greatest of all objections to the annexation
of Texas, is ‘his, that ! t will tend to increase this
Tartar spirit. Would that a wall were built up
about us, on the south and on the west, that the
living tide might be staid and that our people
■night subside into civilization, and the love of
home, the sentmient of patriotism, the amenities
and tastes of a high state of cultivation, find a
place in their hearts. The work before us, if
widely circulated, would be a powerful auxiliary ■
tn this great social reform. Nothing finds so
much to fix men to the soil, to nourish a love of
country, to quench the all consuming and all-de
stroying love of money, to cherish the amenities :
and charities of life, and generally to dignify and
elevate man, as a taste for horticultural pursuits
and rural scenery. ——
From the South Carolinian.
Rural Economy. In its relations with Chemistry,
Physics, and Meta-oiology. or Chemistry applied to
Agriculture. By .J B Bousghigauit, Member of the
Insiiiute of France, dec. Translated with cn intro
duction and notes by Geo. Law, Agiiculiurist. New
York : D Appleton & Co. pp. 507.
This work gives the results and enquiries ii
which the 1 uthor was engaged for many years,
relative to the advancement of practical Agricul
ture. Th° first part of the work treats in succes
sion of t ,e physical and chemical phenomena of
vegetation; of the composition of vegetables and
tbeir immediate principles; of fermentation; and
jf The second comprises a summary of all
that has been done on the subject of manures,
organic and mineral; a discussion of the subject
of rotations; general views of the maintenance
and econo >y of live stock; finally, some con
siderations on mete <rology and climate, on tfie
relations between organized beings and the at
mosphere. A summary view is given of ail the
questions of rural economy that admit of scien
tific treatment. Books f this character now find
admirers with all kinds ol readers; and we see the
whole world, from ihe pent-up dweller of the city,
to the wild, free woodsman, excited as to re
searches into the mysterious and instructive
kingdom of nature. We think it argues a good
omen, for the prosperity of our extensive nation,
that readers of such works, read them almost ex
clusively for the benefits which they bestow on
ur domestic comforts, and look to flattering re
sults from the even increased interest attached
to researches bearing upon practical agriculture,
and like the author, must “hope for conclusions
important as regards science, profitable to prac
tice, and useful to humanity.” We shall make
extracts from this work for our agricultural de
partment, which will more fully show to our read
ers its inestimable value to the practical Agricul
turist.
m.
Stable Economy: A Treatise on the Management of
Horses, in relation to Stabling, Grooming, Feeding,
Watering and Working. By John Stewait, Veieri
nary Surgeon, &c. From the third English Edition,
with Notes and Additions, adapting it to American
food and climale. By A. B. Allen, Editor of ihe
American Agriculturist. New York: D. Appleton
& Co.
The Horse! friend of Humanity! loved by the
lazy ! admired by the tasty ! who does not turn
with pleasure to the contemplat on of a work,
which treats of those means best adapted to im
prove his usefulness and preserve his incompara
ble powers? Mule and donkey, b ull can take
care of themselves, but the horse, a creature of
delicate powers when can be trained
to the endurance of wonderful performances, by
the proper knowledge relative to the wants oi his
constitution and peculiarities By careful breed
ing and training, his strength, sp ed, and endu
rance have been wonderfully increased. Agents
employed hav been numerous, and their power
has n ’ been limited to one change alone, but va
rying according to circumstances, such as dura-
repetition of their operation, and the con
dition of the animal at the time he is operated on.
Much of this and the i "proved value of a well
trained harness horse is owing to proper treat
item fr<»m the groom, who may, by understand
log the peculiar wants of an animal, from his con
stitutional organization, render him extremely
valuable—and from the contrary cause, igno
rance, may entirely ruin a good animil. All these
things render the horse an eminent study—not
only for his improvement, but for the b nefits
which may be conferred on the community by the
prevalence of the est breeds for the different pur
poses for which they may be wanted. Wc h tve
seen a Canadian pony, weighing seven hundred
weight, which could at.d did draw in our pre
sence, more than four times his own weight of
stone, on a common cart in the streets of Mon
treal, up a considerable hill. These ponies have
speed, endurance and good action —and living on
less and coarser food than is given to the worst
fed mules of this cou itry, they are valuable in an
economical point of view to their owners.
Os wha benefits could we count on receiving,
if such a breed of horses were introduced
amongst us? Would they not soon supply the
places of our large and almost worthless Ken
tucky horses, which “cat off their heads” before
they become acc'im ited, and are fit to do substan
tial service. There is not a single strain of the
Canadian blood incorporated amongst the many
breeds which obtain amongst us. Good roads
would tend, too, to improve the breeds of draught
horses more than any one thing which wc could
do. The book, (he title of which stands above,
gives us suggestions as to all these matters—in
tact, it teaches us every thing, from the construc
tion of stables, their ventilation and appendages,
to stablemen, grooming, and operations of deco
ration, management of the feet, &c.
It also treats of restraints, accidents, habits,
vices, &c., warmth, food, water, service—which
comprises general preparation for w rk, physio
logy of muscular exertion, preparation for fast
work, preservation of working condition, treat
ment after w’ork, accidents ot work, kinds of
work, repose, &c.; and closes withan admirable
chapter on the management of diseased and de
fective horses, colts, &c.
The name of Mr. A. B. Allen is a sufficient
guaranty to the American public of its adaptation
to our wants and camate, and its general utility.
JOB PRI - TING.
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, PLAIN AND FANCY,
£ mb racing
Business Cards, Law Blanks,all kinds
Vis ting do. Warehouse do.
Circulars, Bill Heads,
Bank Checks, Receipts, in blank.
Hand Bills, large or Pamphlets,
small, any color. Labels, &c. dec. &c.
EXECUTED WITH NEATNESS AND DESPATCH
AT THIS OFFICE, and in a style not inferior to any
establishment in the Southern States
Law Blanks always on hand.
POSTSCRIPT.
THURSDAY MORNING, 9 O’clock.
THE WHIG CONVENTION.
By this morning’s mail we have the “ Iteeordr.r'
and “Journal,” from which wc extract the fol
lowing report of the Convention at Milledge
ville.
This very imposing body convened in tbe
' Representative Hall on yesterday, at about 10
1 o’clock. One hundred and eighty-two Delega
tes answered in behalf ot the counties, besides
’ a number of proxies alterwards reported at the
I Secretaries’ table. We looked with pride and
, pleasure on the high talent and high character
r of this noble delegation of the great Whig party
r ot Geogia. It was all that the warmest Whig
t could wish it to be.
i The Hon. Charles Dougherty called the as
i sembly to order, and proposed the Hon. C. B.
- Strong, ol Bibb, as Chairman, who assumed
’ the Chair and regularly constituted the Con-
- vention.
J The Hon. Charles J. Jenkins proposed the
I names of S. T. Chapman, Esq., of Chatham,
t and John G. Thweatt, Esq., of Baldwin, as
Secretaries; to which vias afterwards added, on
motion of the same gentleman, the name of
Everett H. Pierce, E-q , of Baldwin.
: The Hon. John M.f Berrien then arose, and
i in a few beautiful and most appropriate re
marks—a most graceful tribute to the character
and public services ol thegallant Old Soldier—
proposed that the Convention by acclamation
appoint Gen. Duncan L. Clinch, ofCamden, as
the presiding officer ot lhe body, which nomina
tion was responded to by the enthusiastic accla
mation ufthe Convention.
Messrs. Berrien, Toombs and King, as a
Committee, waited on Gen. Clinch, and accom
panied him to the Chair, on assuming which,
he returned in a few brief words his thanks for
lhe honor conferred on him.
On motion of the Hon. Thos. Stocks ot
Greene, a Oommitteeof two members lor each
judicial district, to report business lor the body
was appointed; viz: Messrs. Stocks of Greene,
Meriwether of Putnam, Overby of Jackson,
Dougherty of Clarke, Sayre ot Hancock,
Toombs of Wilkes, Miller of Richmond, Hard
wick of Washington, King ol Glynn, Berrien
ot Chatham, Patterson of Sumter, Smith ol Ba
ker, Frazer of Pulaski, Robinson of Laurens,
Alexander of Muscogee, Jones of Harris, Nes
bit of Bibb, Floyd of Newton, Clarke of ,
Daniel of Cobb, Berrien of Floyd, and Derrick
of Lumpkin; and on motion ol the same gen
tleman, the Convention took a recess till two
o’clock, at which time the Committee would
report.
2 O’Cr.o«K.
Convention met and the Committee reported.
We give a sketch of ilie report:
It approves the administration of Gov. Craw
ford, and nominates him lor re-election.
It declares that the Statedebtshould annually
be reduced, and paid finally at tbe earliest mo
ment practicable.
That the interests ol the people demand, and
they should always have, a State currency con
vertible into specie.
That the Stale Treasury should at all times
meet its liabilities in convertible funds.
That rigid economy and strict accountability
should characterise the management of State af
fairs.
That tbe burden of taxation should be allevia
ted at the earliest moment, consistent with the
obligations of the State.
That no more money should be raised by
taxation from the people, than is necessary to
support lhe Government economically adminis
tered.
That the Penitentiary should be made a
source of revenue, rather than of expense to the
State.
That a Committee be appointed to address the .
people on lhe subjects connected with lhe guber
natorial canvass. Messrs. E. A. Nesbit, J. A.
Meriwethet, A. H. Stephens, C. J. Jenkins, and
R. B. Alexander, were appointed that commit
tee. ,
Which resolutions were all unanimously pass
ed, and the Convention then adjourned stne die.
Agency.
j~a*MR. V. B. PALM PR is authorised to act as
our agent for all business connected with this office tn
the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Bal
timore His office in New York is 160 Nassau-street,
Philadelphia, 59 Pine street; Baltimore, S. E. corner
of Baltimore and Cal vert-streets: Boston, 16 titate-st. ]
Messrs. Mason & Tuttlb, of New- \ ork, are also the ]
agents of the Chronicle and Sentinel in the city of
New-York
JEF AN EXAMINATION of the i
WARRENTON MALE SCHOOL will be held 1
on the 16th inst., and of the FEMALE on the
17th.
Exhibition on the evening of the former day,
and juvenile concert on the evening of the latter.
The public are respectfully invited to attend. (
HUGH E. MORROW,
. 4y4 tw&wll I— Principal.
O’ Constitutionalist will give one insertion in
wp* klv.
MARRIED
In Vergennes, Vt., on the lOih June, by the
Rev. James Pnilips of Middlebury, Mr. James
H. Grant, Assistant Engineer on the Georgia .
Rail Road, to Miss Jane E Burrett.
DIED .
At Richmond Bath, on Friday morning, the 4th
inst, Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of Charles J
and Ju ia C. Whitehead, aged 11 months and 21
days.
At his residence, in Jefferson county, on the '
12th of June, James M. Smith, in the 25th year ]
of his age. leaving an affectionate wife, a fond
and doating mother, a loving sister, and a nu- ]
merous train of relatives and friends, a whole q
community of acquaintances, to mourn theii
loss in his decease. Th* writer has seldom 1
heard of the decease of an individual, not a rela
tive. with so much regret as that nf James M. (
Smith. He was endowed by nature with a kind .
and benevolent heart, and was ever ready to al
leviate distress, and extend the hand to the pour
a'd the needy. During the short period of his ’
ffliction, hu maintained a cheerful disposition—
he exhibited no noticable indication of the dis- ‘
ease which tended so rapidly to its termination
in his death. But he has gone, and while his be- j
reived wife and relatives mourn his loss, the com
munity throws a garland round his tomb and r
sheds a cheering radiance over his memory. The
writer would not intrude into the sanctuary of the
wife’s sorrow. The tear must flow ;we would I
mingle our own with hers, and bid them flow on.
Who could forbid ths wife’s tears to bedew the
grave of a beloved husband? But amidst all (
tho.-'C afflicting scenes there is one consoling
thought to them that love and fear the Lord.—
The Bow of Promise, ot a reunion in that land I
of pure delight whe.c there shall be no more
death, neither sorrow nor weeping, nor any m »re ]
pain, but where God shal’ wipe away all tears
from their eyes, and where they shall mingle
their united hallelujahs to the Lamb forever.
Jesus can make a dying bed
Feel soft as downy pillows are, .
While on his bieast I lean my head,
And brea'he my life ou l sweetly there. ”
COM.IIERCI AL
AUGUSTA MARKET. J
Wednesday, P. M.
Cotton— tit nee our report of last week some choice I
lots have changed hands at 7 cents, though for the or
dinary and middling description", the market is very f
much the same as then reported We therefore quote
principal sales 6 cents, at which rates lhe market »
s very firm .
EXCHANGE TABLE.
(SPECIE BASIS.) |
AUGUSTA NOTES.
Mechanics’ Bank.. pAi.
Brunswick Bank..
Bank of Augusta.... “ .
Augusta Insurance Ac Banking Company
Georgia Rail R0ad.....
Branch State of Georgia u
SAVANNAH NOTES.
State Bank... “
Marine and Fire Insurance Bank
Planters’ Bank “ w
Central Rail Road Bank
COUNTRY NOTES.
State Bank Branch, par.
Commercial Bank, Macon.
Milledgevill Bank
Central Bank
City Council nf Augusta ..
Ruckersville Bank
Branch .Marine and Fire Insurance Bank
St. Mary’s Bank “
Merchants Bank, Macon 5 dis
Insurance Bank of Columbus, No sale.
Mmroe Rail Road Bank Broke.
Bank of Darien and Branches...
Chattahoochee R. Road & Banking Co..
Western Bank ot Georgia.
Bank of Columbus
Planters and Mechanics Bank Columbus.
Bank ol Ocmulgee “
Exchange Bank of Brunswick “
Phoenix Bank, Columbus * (
Geoigia6ty* cent Bonds 'JO (a) 92
Georgia 3 cent Bonds 100 (a) 102
SOUTH CAROLINA NOTES.
Cliaileslon Banks par.
Bank oi Hamburg..........
Country Banks “
Alabama Notes 4 (td 5 dis
CHECKS.
New York sight i prem.
Boston A
Philadelphia J *•
Charleston par.
Savannah.....
S ACHED HARPS! Sacred Harps!!
The Harp is a collection of Psalm and
Hymn Tunes, Odes and Anthems, selected from
the most eminent authors, well adapted to
churches of every denomination, singing schools
and pr vate societies. 500 copies of this work
just received, and for sale by
jy3 wtfj THO VIAS R. RHODES,
A few doors ab »ve the lower Market.
A supply of the above are also for sale by
jyBWHITE & KING.
Dissolution. —The firm of Dye
& Doughty will be dissolved on the Ist
September next by mutual consent.
M. M. DYE,
Aygusta. July 10, 1845. E. W. DOUGHTY.
O’ M. M DYE will continue the Warehouse
and Commission business at the same stand on
"•Iclntosh-street. E. W. Doughty (in the firm
of Doughty, Beall & Roberts,) will also continue
the Warehouse and Commission business at the
Varehouse recently occupied by Clarke & Ro
berts, on Jackson-streat. jy!o-trw3t&w7t
To Soul hern and Western Men
chants.
WHOLESALE HOUSES.
—PHILADELPHIA.—
Subscribers, Merchants, Manu
-1- lecturers, Imprfrtors and Wholesale Deal
ers ot the CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, re
spectfully invite SOUTHERN AND WEST
ERN MERCHANTS, who are about to visit the
. North during the ensuing season, for FALL
. AND WINTER SUPPLIES, to an examination
of their respective stocks of goods.
We take the opportunity afforded by lhe news
’ papers of your districts, to git e you the streets
j and numbers of our several places of business,
1 and to unite in an invitation to you to give us a
r call.
Being supplied with FULL AND COM
. PLEFE ASSORTMENTS in our several de
partments, we feci confident that we shall be
able to give entire satisfaction in terms and pri
ces.
■ Importers and dealers In Silk and fancy dry
go“ds, an ' fine French and British cloths,
casslmeres and vestings.
, Ashurst & Remington, 80 Market-street.
Importerand dealer in staple •ilk and fan
cy dry goods. Also, Bi Itish. French and
American cloths, casslmeres, vestings,
and Tailors’ trimmings.
Barclay Lippincott, 65 Market-street.
Domestic and Foreign Dry Goods.
Taylor & Paulding, 96 Market-street.
Wood & Oliver, 131 “
Rockhill, Smith & Co., 160 “
Importer and dealer in Hosiery, gloves, la
ces, linens and fancy goods,
George Esherick & Co., 112 Market-st.
Importers and dealers In cloths, casslmeres,
vestings, Tailors’ trimmings, *c.
De Coursey Lafourcade&Co., 77 Market-st.
Wood & Wilson, 122 Market-st., near 4lh st
William H. Love, 147 “ north side.
Lambert Duy, 108 “ south side.
Print Warehouse, dealers in printed cali
coes, only.
Morrell & Co., 201 Market-st.
Manufacturers and dealers in ready made
clothing of every grade.
Michael Tracy, 292 Market-st
Charles Harkness, S. E. corner of Fourth and
Market ets., (and sole aeent for R. Helnisch’e
‘bailors’ shears)
Importers and dealers in foreign and do
mestic Hardware and Cutlery.
Truitt, Pendleton & Truitt, 169 Market-street,
above 4th. *
Maslin & Pepper, 4 North Third-st.
Richard Paxson & Sons, 3 Decatur-st., above
6th, south from Market.
Moore, Heyl & Co. 139 Market-st.
Welded wrought iron tubes, for steam, gas,
or water; locomotive, marine, and other
boiler flues.
Morris, Tasker & Morris, manufacturers, S. E.
corner of Third and Walnut-sts.
Agency for the sale of Southworth Manu
facturing Company’s superior writing
paper.
N. S. Lawrence, Agent, 3 Minor-street.
Publishers, Booksellers and Stationers.
Grigg <fc Elliott, 9 North Fourth-st.
Isaac M. Moss, 12 South 4th-st., below Market.
Bookseller, publisher, and importer of Eng
lish, French and German Books.
George S. Appleton, 148 Chestnut-st.
Cheap Publication and Periodical estab
lishment.
G. B. Zieber & Co., 3 Ledger Building, Third
st. below Chestnut.
Importers of watches Jewelry, line cutlery,
brltauuia, plated and silverwares.
Dickson & Co., S. E cor. Market and Third sts.
J. & W. L. Ward, 106 Chestnut-st., opposite the
Franklin House.
John C Farr, 112 Chestnut-st.
Watson & Hildeburn, 72 Market-st.
Thos. C. Garrett & Co., 122 Chestnut, near 4th
Manufacturer of Jewelry.
E. G. A. Baker 7 cherry-st., between 3d and 4th
Ornamental sword manufacturer, dye sink
er and chaser in general.
F. W. Widmann, 98 North Third st
Manufacturer of silver and brass stair rods
and cornice poles.
Edward Jones, corner of George and Swanwick
sts., between Walnut and Ch' stnut, west of 6th.
Importers of fine cutlery, fancy goods,
combs, beads, perfumery, brushes, soaps,
dec.
R. & G. A. Wright, 23 South Fourth st.
Importers of toys, fancy and staple goods,
beads, brushes and perfumery.
A. F. Ott Monrose, 16 South Fourth-st., below
Market.
Louis C. Bauersachs, 170 Market-st.
Importer and manufacturer of perfumery,
cosmetics, fancy soaps, and dealer in fan
cy goods.
Jules Hauel, 46 South Third-st.
Importers of toys, fancy goods, musical in
struments, glass and china ware.
C. Ahrenfeldt & Co., 16 North Fourth-st. be
tween Market and Arch, up stalls.
China, earthenware and glass.
S. Tyndale, 219 Chestnut-st.
Eoward Snowdon, 34 North Thlrd-st., opposite
the City Hotel.
Looking-glasses, plated and fancy hard
ware, &c.
Thomas J. Natt, 134 Market-st.
Gold, silver and steel spectacles, mathema
tical Instrument*, walking canes, micro
scopes and spy glasses.
McAllister & Co., 48 Chestnut-st.
Manufacturers of white lead, and other
paints, and of chemic als, &c., and dealers
in drugs, medicines, dye stuffs, oils, die.
Wetheiill & Brother, 65 North Front-st.
Importers and dea'ers in drugs, medicines,
dye stuffs, paints, oils, dec.
Haskell, Merrick & Co., 45 North Front-st.
Thompson, Pancoast &Co , 40 Market-st.
Boots, shoes, bonnets, caps, leghorn aud
palm leaf hats.
Charles Oat, 108 Market-st., south side.
Manufacturers of umbrellas, parasols, par
asolettes aud sun shades.
Wright & Brothers, 125 Market-st., north side,
above 3d.
Sleeper & Fenner, 126 Market-st., south side,
one door below 4th street.
Manufacturers of fire and thief proof chests,
refrigerators, water coolers,filters, dec.
Evans & Watson, 76 South Third-st., opposite
the Exchange and Post Office.
Manufacturer of premium refrigerators,
water filters and coolers, fire proof chests,
letter copying presses, &c.
Oliver Evans, 15 Chestnut-st., near Front.
Venetian B'lnd Manufacturer.
B. J. Williams, 12 North Sixth-st., a few doers
above Market.
Piano Forte manufacturer, organ builder,
dec.
E. N. Scherr, 266 Ch«stnut-st
Music, pianos, and musical instruments.
Jas. G. Osbourn, 112 South Third-st., below the
Exchange.
Brass eight day, 30 hour, and general
clock establishment.
James S. Smith, 82 North 3d-st., above Cherry.
Manufacturers of common aud fancy soaps,
mould and dipped candles, die.
Elijah & Gillies Dallett, 36 Market-st.
Bank Note Engravers.
Tqppan, Carpenter & Co., Successors to Draper
Toppan & 10. 76J Walnut-st
Spencer, Huffy & Danforth—Successors to the
old firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co.,
and their successors, 95 and 97 Walnut-st
Type aud stereotype foundry.
L. Johnson & Co., 6 George-st., between Wal
nut and Chestnut, and 6th and 7th.
Type Foundry.
Lewis Pelouze, North West corner of Third and
Chestnut-sts.
Fire engine and hose manufactory.
John Agnew, Franklin Works, 340 Vine-sl.
Manufacturers and dealers in all kinds of
Scales aud Weights.
Gray & Brother, 34 Walnut st., below Second.
Manufacturers of ladies’ and gentlemens’
cheap travelling trunks, valise trunks,
carpetbags, <&c.
A.L. Hickey & Co., basement of Jones’ Hotel,
150 Chestnut-st.
Manufacturer of splendid cabinet furniture
and ornamental upholstery.
Crawford Riddell, 173 Chestnut-st.
PUBLIC HOUSES—PHILADELPHIA.
The proprietors of the following named Houses,
in the city of Philadelphia, being prepared to ac
commodate Merchants and Travellers, respect
fully unite in the above invitation, pledging our
selves to administer liberally to th" comfort of
those who may select our respective houses as
their home, during their sojourn in this city.
Merchants’ Hotel, North Fourth-st—A. F. Glass.
United Slates Hotel. Chestnut-st. opposite the
Custom House —Thomas C. Ilcu.
Jones’ Hotel, Chestnut-st.—John A. Jones.
Congress Hall, 83 Chestnut and 27 South,Third
streets—J. Sturdivant.
Mansion House, (late Head’s,) South Third-st.
—W. P. Hunt.
Hartwell’s Washington House, Choetnut-strect,
above 7th—H. J. Hartwell.
Columbia House, Chestnut-street, 'between 6th
and 7th—Bagley & McKenzie.
American Hotel, Chestnut st., between sth and
6th, opposite the Stare House—H. A. Charter.
Phi.adelphia, July, 1845. jy3
IMPORTANT TO SHOE DEAI ERS.
JOHNSON, WHITE. & JONES
manufacturers and wholesale dealers in
BOOTS, SHOES AND BROGANS,
Nos. 37 and 39 Shoe and Leftthet-street Bus
ton, and No. 80 Pearl-street, New York, would
respectfully invite dealers in these articles visit
ing either of the above cities, to call and exa
mine their stock of goods before making theii
purchases, assuring them that it will not br
found inferior to any in the country. J., W. &
J. are extensively engaged in manufacturing, and
can therefore supply dealers on the most rea
sonable terms. ap3o-3m
JUTE ROPE. —Just received and for
sale low by 29 ISA.AU MOISE
TRUST SALE.
IN pursuance of a deed of Trust execu
ted to me, by Samuel W. Doak. of Green
county, Tennessee, for the benefit of the Presi
dent and Director* of the Bank of Tennessee
bearing date 12th day of July, 1843, and register
ed in the Register’s office of Hamilton county,
Tennessee, on the 4th of March, 1845, 1 will ex
pose to sale, at the court house doot, In Hamilton
county, Tenn., on the23d dayof July, 1845, to the
highest bidder, the following tracts of land, lying
and being In the county of .Hamilton, to wit: —
North west quarter of section 4, west fractional
township 3; range 4, west of the basis line of the
Oconee District, containing 160 acres; also, the
north east quarter of the some section, range and
township aforesaid, containing 160 acres; also,
the north west qusrterof the samesection, range
and township aforesaid, containing 160 acres;
also, the north west quarter of section fl, west
fractional township, three range, f >ur west, con
taining one hundred and sixty acre*; also, the
undivided half of the south west Quarter of the
seetion, township and ranve last bes >re mention
ed ; and, also, the north fractional quarter section
fifteen, fractional towushio three, range four,
west of the basis line in the Oconee Dl«trlct, con
taining sixty-eight acres.
The above land wHI be sold in separate lots
the title is believed to be undoubted. They are
to be sold to satisfy a debt due the Bank of Ten
nessee, and such title will be made to purchaser*
as is vested in me by said Trust. Term* of * de,
cash in hand. WM. M. LOWRY.
Greeneville Tenn.. June 25, 1845 jvfl-2t
NEW-YCRK ADVERTIBE.MENI. ~
XEW FALL DRY GOODS.
THE t scribers are now opening
their FALL supply of STAPLE AND
FANCY DRY GOODS, consisting in part of
the followi g:
Broad Cloths and Casslmeres, every grade and
quality.
Satinets and Tweeds, every grade and quality.
Bl’k and coi’d Alpacas and Lustres, do do
Flannels and Baizes, do do
New patterns Moua, de Laine, do do
Do Ginghams and Calicoes, do do
Do Cloth Shawls, do do
Kerseys, plains and plaids, , do do
White and black Mackinaw and com-
mon Blankets, do do
Colton, worsted and wool Hosiery, do do
Bro’n, bleach and col'd Cotton Go .da, do do
Linens, Lawns, Diapers, Sheetings, do do
Damask Table Cloths and Napkins, do do
An extensive assortment of silkdi, cotton Hdkfs.
Frerv
r.very inaxe or opaotvwtvn.
Fot sale on the most accommodating terms.
DOREMUS, SU YD AM & NfXON,
39 Nassau-st., opposite the Post Office, N. York,
jyß 3rnw
AN ORDINANCE
TO REVISE, ALTER AND AMEND, THE
FIRST SECTION OF THE GENERAL
ORDINANCE.
Be it ordained by the City Council qf Augusta,
That no person shall vend any spirituous liquors,
in quantities of one quart or one gallon, or in
any intermediate quantity, without a license
front the City Council, which license shall ba ds
signated as No. 2, and the price of which, shall
be five dollars.
No person shall retail spirituous or fermented
liquors in less quantities than one quart, within
the limits of the city, without a license from the
City Council, which license, shall be designated
as No. 1, and the price of which, shall be sixty
two dollars and fifty cents; and each and every
person who shall hereafter apply for a license to
the City Council, and each and every person
who shall recommend such applicant, shall be
deemed and held responsible for the price of such
license, when the same shall be granted. Per
sons desiring a license shall make a written ap
plication, accompanied by a recommendation
signed by two or more respectable citizens. If
Council grant the permision requested, the appli
cant shall, before the license is taken out, pro
duce to the Clerk of Council, the receipt of the
Collector and Treasurer, for the price of such li
cense, and give bond with approved security, in
the sum o' five hundred dollars, for keeping a de
cent and orderly house, under the penalty of be
ing held and considered as retailing without li
cence, and punished accotdingly.
No retail license shall be transferred from one
person to another without the consent of the City
Council, nor shall any person be allowed to re
tail in more than one establishment at the same
time under one license. No person shall be per
mitted to retail spirituous or fermented liquors in
any of the streets of this city, under any pretext
whatsoever.
Licensed retailers shall, within twenty day*
after obtaining their license, affix a sign board
near to or over the door of the tenement in
which the retailing is carried on; upon which
shall be painted in plain characters, the word*
"Licensed Retailer oi Spirituous Liquors,”
which sign shall be continued until the expiration
of the licenses, and not one day longer. No re
tailer shall sell spirituous or fermented liquors
on Sunday, nor after twelve o’clock at night, nor
before sunrise at any time, nor shall they when
not permitted to retail, keep open the doors or
windows of their retail shops. All licenses shall
expire on the second Monday in May, annually,
but may be revoked by the City Council at any
time wuen the party to whom it may have been
granted, shall violate any of the provisions of
this section. No licensed retailer of spirituous
ortermented liquors, shall permit any Slave not
owned or hired by him or her, or lawfully under
his or her care, or charged to enter his or her re
tail shop, or remain in it, or on the lot attached
or in the yard of any house where spiiituous li
quors are retailed. Every slave or free person of
color, found in or about such retail shop, or lot,
or yard, may be ap rehended and committed to
the mtard-house, and may receive, by order of
the Mayor, or atty two members of Council, not
exceeding twenty-five lashes
No licensed retailer of spirituous liquors shall
sell, give, or furnish any spirituous or intoxica
ting liquors, or permit them to ba given, sold or
furnished by any person in his employment, to
any slave or free person of color without the
wntten permission of the owner or hirer of said
slave, or guardian of said free person of color.
It shall be the duty of each and every person
permitted to retail spirituous liquors, to admit
the Mavor r any Member of Council, or either
of the City Officers, into his or her premises, at
any time when such permissi-m may be demand
ed. Any person violating any part of this sec
iion shall be fined in a sum not exceeding one
hundred dollars
All ordinance and parts of ordinances milita
ting against this ordinance, be and lhe same are
hereby repealed.
Done in Council this seventh day of July,
1845. M.M. BYE, Mayor.
VV. Milo Olin, Clerk.
The foregoing ordinance, reported by Mr. Har
per, Chairman of the Police Committee, was sub
mitted and read twice. A blank in the following
portion or part of said ordinance being unfilled,
" No retailer shall sell spirituous or fermented
liquors on Sunday, or after o’clock at
night, nor before sunrise at any time,”
Dr. Eve moved to fill lhe blank with nine,
which was lost. The yeas and nays being called
for, were as follows:—Yeas—Fve, Ford, Harper
—3. Nays—Hadley, Beall, t’hew, Kitchen,
Conley, McWhorter, Crump and Parish—B.
Mr. Chew moved ten o’clock, which was lost.
'The yeas and nays being called for, were as fol
lows: Yeas—Chew, Eve, Harper—3. Nava-
Ford, Hadley, Beall, Kitchen, Conley, McWhor
ter, Crump, Parish—B.
Mr Kitchen moved that the blank be filled
with twelve, which was carried. The yeas and
nays'bving called for were as follows: Yess—
K tchen, Hadley, Chew. Beall, Conley, Mc-
Whorter, Crump, Parish—B. Nays—Ford, Eve,
Harper—3.
The ordinance was then read a third time, and
upon its passage (he yeas and nays being called
for were as follows: Yeas—Hadley,Chew, Beall,
Kitchen, McWhorter, Crump, Parish—7. Nays
—Ford, Eve, Harper, Conley—4.
On motion of Dr. Ford ordered, that so much
of the proceedings of Council as relates to the re
vision, alteration and amendment of the first sec
tion of the general ordin nee be published.
Extract from minutes of Council of July 7th,
1845. W. MILO OLIN, Clerk
FOUR Months after date, application
will be made to the Honorable Inferior
court of Richmond county, when sitting for ordi
nary purposes, for leave to sell the real and per
sonal estate of Edmund H. Bnrum, deceased.
July 8, 1845. PORTER FLEMING, Adm'r.
WAREHOUSE AND COMMISSION BU
SINESS.
r undersigned, E. W. Doughty,
1 (of the late firm of Dye & Doughty,) Wm.
A. Beall and Joseph M. Roberts, (survivor of the
firm of Clarke & Roberts,) have entered into co
partnership under the firm ot Doughty, Beall &
Roberts, for the transaction of the Warehouse
and General Commission Business. They have
take-.! the extensive and commodious Fire Proof
Warehouse on J ack son-street, occupied for seve
ral years past by Clarke & Roberts, where they
are prepared to serve their friends and customers
in ihe storage and sale of Cotton and other pro
duce. Their personal attention will be strictly
dev ted to the interest of their customers in all
business entrusted to them.
The central location of their warehouse, being
in riie immediate vicinity oi lhe principal Hotels,
Banks and Grocery Stores, and on the street lead
ing to the Railroad Depot, presents superior ad
vantages in point of convenience to Planters vi
siting the city.
Their charges will conform to the customary
rates of this city. Liberal advances will be mads
cn Cotton in store.
DOUGHTY BEALL & ROBERTS.
Augusta, July 10, 1845. w3mAtrwlm
JEFFERSON County, G» orgia :
Whereas Tarlton Darlry applies to me lor
letters of administration, with the will annexed,
on the estate of Hardy Morgan, late of said coun-
y Thcttj ere therefore to cite and admonish, all
and singular, the kindred and creditors tfMld
deceased, to be and appear at my office, within
the time prescribed by law, to show cause, if any
they have, why said letters should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Louisville.
July 10,1845. E. BOTHWELL, Clerk.
OTICE.—AII persons having de
mands against Ezekiel Lamar, late ot
Lincoln county, deceased, will present them
within the time prescribed by law; and those in
debted will make immediate payment to
FRANCIS F. FLEMING, Adm’r.
July 10, 1845.
EXECUTOR’S Sale.—Will be sold
on the first Tuesday in October next,
b.tore the court house door in ‘he
Waynesboro, Burke county, be ween.thensual
nours of sale, two negroes, to Geo'g* Md
Millia, belonging to the estate of John Bierce, a
ceased. Terns on the ~ n . IR D S c,' r
July 9, 1845. JAMES GRUBBS, n-x r
ry s - EXPLORING Expedition.-
cXd’ by heap c. o e.grenville k
3