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BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
WcfliliJ
Chronicle and Sentinel.
TH-j WEEKLY
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TO PHOFhSSIOnAh A BUBINKSB
MEN.
professional and iTumnFs cards,
r.r.t •t’ted ra ail l ues, will be ioserletl under
lb •had at the rat* o' $lO per unr.uta. Curd*
Mcce iog in inti wii! b - charged pro rota p*r
lie*.
Yttornies and Solicitors.
s'| OIIN t AKL," ttmnev st i.avv,
y J Wty o. s'joro, Oeor<.a, wi I p aeti e ia ihe
f cat ti t o IL.rke, ferisen, Wa-hi gton. Mont
jtoie-y, ratt all, Kraanusl end Kichm i d
*4-w!y
k ■ tCK I’.RuWN A tora.y at Law, Buena Vis*
* of ts.Maij n «/unty,lda. a|il'»
Ct A. LiOH IFuoT, Aturney at Law, War
/# re at « Gsr.r/’a, wli pretie in the coun
ties if the Nor hern tir n't, in Green of th-
Oem .lie*, an t in Washing on, Jt-ffer* n anJ Co
lambi* of th* M»'d e Circuit. sH-wtl
Ot WUI Sl CLAsK, At ontH at law.
Appring, G orgia, will giro pipe ill at ration
to the coil ctioo of tcgil ilcisisdi ul er.ry de
reliction.
Aniinrw 11. II Dswws. Augusta, Ga. Stek-
I.iio Ci.ark. Appling, Oa. au?4 Ir
1 11| I N It. o’l 0 KGK.S, Attorney at Law.
•P W.t. nwh-pro. Ga. my.7
■ O'ilUA lIH.L, Attorney at Law, Raiuon an I
•P M titter. In, G nrg a All bu ines. ad lre« id
to I ra al either place in tbi count es ol Vor run
ami Jiipi r, an I those contiguous, wi I receive
S prompt attention. t 2 i
Semuci J ll»i y. Kina, r Gumming
|)p\H.EV iV GUMMING, Attorneys at law
I J Siu'er iille, Ge ryia, wi I practi ein all
ill-e unties of Ihe Mi lilti •'ircuit. jet
It'. rtILIVnUN. A torney at law, Atlanta,
i. Georgia. wi I promptly attend to all bnsin si
e.itruste • In his care. Gil iy
BY. AIARtIN, Alto oey at Law, Augusta,
• Georgia, will pnet'ce in tb r G unties cl
t ' l imbia. Warren, Jeffimn aud Burke. ami will
als p att< n I to the cilteelioii of I'ehts anil Claims
ia Abberilla and Edgefield Dislric i, in t'o l . 11l
Carolina.
Ofli ron Broad-Street, ffrat door above limir
ante Bank ftP-tf
d t It TMA.M, Attorney a: Law, Warrmtoa
\J a Georgia, apl3 ty
EBwaRD 11. PtlTil.B, Attorney at Law,
Warrentou, Georgia, VVi'l con inuc to
pra ticu in Warren, Hancock, Wilke*, TaliaL rro,
and all of thn counties of the Northern Ci cuit,.
and Giil -tiiliia, JSurlti- arid Washington • { the
.Middle.
Refer to I’hrct wit's, iL.dson fc Shirers ; C. C.
Cody dt t*i., Warrentou, jf-20
b I sOiSLil p IIEMEK, A torney al Law. EL
Hq K A lerton, Georgia, will pi artice m he co n-
of IC'brrt, Wilkes, Lincoln, Oglethorp , Mad-
JSH-"n and Franklin my iJ-ly
Hh ti. AUK I NG'Fi >N, Attorney a Law. and
a Notary Fubli", Oglethorpe, Macon county,
r Uo'iigia
office at Ogl* thorps. dll wlr
Ji'lih I'. II.DK Allornry and Counsellor
at haw, N i IJ St. Charles street, It lira No.
10. upstairs. New Orleans. All claim* and col
lectio is iutruated to his care wi I mert with
pro.n l l sil l auhlul nttei tion. dlB ly
Lint' n Steiihrns. J. L. Bird.
I KPIIKNS db HI III), A Unmet » a' Law.Gratv
ford-ille, G i., will practice iu all the Counties
ol the Northern Circuit. jvlM.lv*
was Gibson, Jr»*e AL Join**.
Gt IBSO.N A JONRv Attorneys ut l.nw, War
I rent n,Ga., wi I practice in all >hc cnuntics
of the Northern, an I Columbia Wiishinimn and
J. tier rn ol the Middle Circuit, ami the Supreme
I.Ver of the State of Georgia. ap '-wly
ttll.vPl.l'.V I! >1 Orill.lt. Attorney t Law,
) pra-tier* in the Northern Cir'nit. Al h ist
sfii sill receive prompt an I elli len! attention.
Office, ut Liiieolton. Gn, je?B'f
(j'AMUKL ELBERT KEKH. Altur ey nt L**,
lO Ati’ H*. Ga , Will prac ice Li the several
com ties of the Middle Ciriuit.
Office Parlor of the Man.ion Ilo"sc, o;4
JOHN K. JACsSO.N, A)torney a law. A't
in**, tleorgi . Olli c in Fr nt Rtoiu if Ihe
Ma psi™ lions , will p avtico in Itii bm'Vpd, and
th • neieh >oring Counties of the nriid.ile Circui .
Utf'tn’ts —Mes rs Mixer dr. Pi uiO'i, Boston ;
Me *r . llolHtrd A. Ilrokaw. ,*i. C Doric, Blake
A Brown, Jo' n K Kora, (!. O. Daisied. New
Yor* ; Mc-*rs. W. M. Mar in, L. fit. <S B. W.
Force »V Go , CharlruUvn j Messrs. A. J & T. W.
At liter. Adams Si Fargo, \V, E. Jackson St Go ,
Augu-ia . . 0-5 1
I ASPER N. DOIIsKV, Attmney at Law Lati
t) lonega, Georgia, will attend to nil ProleMional
husinas. i ntruste l to him in the t herokee Circuit,
uml iu liab' ishpiin county, if tlio Western Cir
cuit.
Kr/troito—Mesa'S lluys BowJie, l>r. Wo.
II .T.ppp". iigtista ; Hon. G. Dmighertv. Aihcns ;
Janies l. iw,G ii esv lie ; Biui.h sV Walker, and
J W tlirs.lv Dah'onega. feM
JOHN 11. SI'AiVF 'RI), Alt mey a Ltw,
Ciatksvi Is, Ga., will practice in the c un'ios
ol Claikc F.a .kl it, llubeish. in. Lmifkin, For
ry'h, Gilmer, Union. Murray ai d Gwimitl, a- d in
tiia F-d ral t ire .It Court f r Georgia. I7v
,Xj G A A. ti. FOETER. Attorreyaai Law,
,i'i The nnderaiv ed ere still cuga.ed iu the
yarirtice ol Law. Offic; at Midi on, Morgen c.nun
i| Ui. Ail bti-inesn edtruse' to them, nit meet
svitli pro i pt *hd efficient ttteiitiou.
N. G. FoSTKR.
nfi-dly A. G. FosThK.
INAV'DS JoIISTON. Attorney at Law, Au-
J ) gosta, Geora,i i. Uliice on Jackson nest
Breed-street. Wi Ipr uiptiy attend to any busi
ness ent listed to hit car .
References s— Messrs. T. N P ul'ain A Sen,
Miller dr Warren. Adams A Fargo, Col. T. Cl-ir*
ton. An.lists, Ua ; Dr. Wm. Johnst a, Lancelot
Jot niton. Ks<jr . M nisi in. Gs.
JAMES ti. COLLIER, Attorn-y at Law, An
gu ti. G orgia, office rrmovud to t!*e rear ol
M I er d: Wsrri.’o Dry Goads S oie.over B. H
War in & Co’s. 010
foiumissiou Merchants.
< * RKE.N WOOD & MORkTs~~ tiTmuii son
V.I M-iefunta, otfi:e No. 113 'l'cboiipitnnln,
.street. New Orleans. H. T. UkkcuwooD.
/eifidly* Josish Mokkis.
Jli I'IDI.AKE dc Go.,Commission slid For
• trsrdicg Merchants, Cha taiiooga, Tenn,
jattly
j, L. Taylor Gardner Muith.
JL TAYLOR & Co., Auction and Conimis
s tion Merchants, Noa, 31 Charlres aud 41
Ctistomh use Streets, New Orleaaa.
Kt/treitcts —H sto.,—.Messrs. Emerson. Corh
run d& Co., end Bar taeas lisakall. Mobile—
Messrs. C. W. Dorrencs & Son, an IL.we &
B lohellnr. New York— Sltsara. D inhar dt Hroth.
er, J. I). Sc at dt Co., and Conklin dt Sni h.
New Oricaos— Hon. A. I). Grossman. Mayor,
Messrs. Hoyt dt Ford, Hall & lamp. Hmis dt
Moriian, M. Garcia dc Co., and Samuel Wolff.
dtO-tf
WH. C. MILLS. Factor dt Commssiun
> Merchant, continues busine's at his old
.stand. No. 176 Bav-atreet, Savannah, Georgia.
Rejirtnct*. —Messrs. D'Antunac dt Esans, Au
gusta. Messrs Chatles Day dr- Co., Maeoa
Mes«r*. E. Padleford Si Co., Savannah. ol
Green way, brothers a o, impotter*
and d h le sale Dealers in Foreign and Da
■acstic Dry Docd*, 43 Broway. New York.
Edward M. Greekvvat,
J. Hcnrt Grrekvvav,
Wm. W. F. Gnsekttat,
uih 27-6md Fkascis Rarrai.l.
PEN ION, Bounty Lund and Patent Agency,
for Western Georgia and East*r APatns, at
LaGrange, Georgia. The subseiber alto Prac
ticea Law in ita vinous branches, in the ueigbor
ing counties of the Coweta and Chattahoochee
Citeu is. BENJAMIN H. BIGHAM,
my IS-ly At orney at Law
T A. Burke. C W. Deming.
BURKE A- DEMMING. Book.ell. r. and Sta
Itonerv, Newspaper and Periodical A rents,
aud Dealers ia Faacy Article*, Piaaoe, Music. Ac.
Msdisnn. Ga my23-wlv
WM. E. EVENS dt Go, Commi..snn Mer
chants, Accommodation Wharf, Ch*r!es'oo,
S. C. Wm. F.. Fvars.
Wm. M. D'Amtignac,
Geo. W. Ewes.
THOM ASTON IIME
Cl A BBt.S. Thomaston Lime, just received by
nlB H AND, WILLIAMS tk CO.
TO MY LALY PATRONS.
ml HAVs received atreh supply of
Ladi e’ th ; ck vole GAll EKS wh ch
will be sold lower than any ever offered
,tn Aagu.ta.
BOOTS and SHOES.
—Al»o—
- VALISES,
ANDSAI'GUKLLS.
Children and servants’ BOOTS and SHOES
in great variety, all of which willte sold low,
Call an«Jeia ‘ ine for yoturaelf
CT «**->• “"*-•
agggp— i mm ■ ■ t ■ i ,, . i|M M | gM! i._i ll"_j mhmislj —a_,
WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SHTIML.
Georgia Can sere ace.
■ rATIOiII OF THE FaEACHtH.4.
Aucdita District. —J. W. Glenn, P. E.
Savannah,—Trinity and Andrew Chapel; L-
Pi«rce,T. F. Pierce. Chatham and Bryan,—A
J. Reynolds. Springfield,—D. J. M/rick
Scriven, E. White, \V. B. McHan. Burke
County and Fairhaven Miss’ii., A. Everett, A
B. Smith, A. Gordon. Richmond, W. B. Moss,
l ouieville, \V. D. Buasey, F. M. Brantly. Old
Town Mission, To he supplied. Augusta, W.
G. Conner. Colored Charge, R. A Conner.
Columbia, F. VV. Reynolds. Lincolnton, \V.
P. Arnold. Washington, C. VV. Key. Wilke
J. S. Dunn. Warreuton. D. Blalock. Sparta,
D. Kelsey. J. H. Clarke.
Athens DisTßtcT —\V. J. Parks, P E
Athena, A- F. Mann. Colored Charge, W.
Traoick. Lexington, 11. Ii Parke, J 11. Har
ris. Watkiusville, W. J. Cotter, J 11. Grog
han. Factory / 11. CrawfonJ. Elber
tnn, O. Bright. Broad fijver n- f A J-
Ocavoura. CarnsviJlc, JE L. Stereiii, J- VV.
YViilmrn. Greettsborro’, J. W. Yttbtougli.
MadUon, F. W. Spear. Morgan, A. tirnz.
King-ton Mission, To he supplied. Covington
and Oxford, W. A. Florence, J. D. Norman.
•Vonroe Ct.. A. Neeae. Emory Colieg, G. F.
Pierce, A. Means, W. J. Basnet.
GsiifffviLLK IJi strict.—J. P. Turner, P E.
GainMriiie, J. 11. MaMhburu. L*avrr**nceviUe f
M. Beliah. Canton, H P. Pitchfoid. Dah
loneguli, S. J. Beliah, K. F. Jones. Clarksville.
VI. A Clout/.. Clayton M'uta'n ,R. I. Harwell.
Murphy, J. Littlejohn. Blairoviiie, \V. Lively;
W. P. i lotitz. ElLjsy, W. H. Thomas. State
Line \Y. Graham.
Marietta District. —J. B. Payna, P. E.
Marietta, L. J. Davies. Marietta Ct. C. Tnis
sel, J. O. Varner. Casaville, C. A. Cro-.vle.
Rome, J. Bradford Smith. Rome Ct.. J. H.
Ewing, L. B. Payne, Oothcaloga, J. Strick
land. Spring Place, W F. Conley, one to be ;
supplied. Dade Mission, To be supplied.
Lafayette A. C. Bruner. Summerti'le, S C.
tiuiilian. Van Wert Mission, W. J. Wardlaw.
LaGbange District. —J. C. Simmons, P E.
LaGrange. J. P Duncan. Troup Ct. J. Jones.
W. Watts. Greenville, C. W. Thomas.
Greenville Ct. W D. Mathew*. Zcbulon and
Fayetteville, J. F. Finith, J. E. Sentel!. Griffin,
J. B. Jackson. McDonough, N. Smith. Jack
son, J. B. Wardlaw. Atlanta, W. 11. Evans.
Decatur, K. Lane, J. R. Owen. N.wnan, J.
W. Talley, ine to be supplied. Carrulton
Miss’ii., A Dorman, L. Q. Allen.
Macon Disinter. —J. Lewis, P. E. Macon,
S. Antony. Colond < hargs. It. B. Lester.
Vineville, W. R. Foote. Miiledg-ville and
Bethel, J. W. llinton. Eatonton Ct. M. If
Hebbnrd. Putnam iMiss’n., J. Sim nous, Sr.
Clinton, J. Blakely Smith. Monlicello. S. M.
Smith. Foisyth, M. C. Peurifory. Ctilloden,
C. R. Jewett. Fort Valley, J. VV. Kirght. Fort
Valley Mihs’ii. ,C. L. Hayes. Perry. C. E. Burch.
Wesleyan Female College, E. M.My rs. O. 1.. ,
Smith, W. It. Brinham. Madison Female
College, J. H. Kcltols, J. M. Remuell.
ColJjmbus District.—J. E. Evaua, P. E. |
Coin tubus, W. Crumley. Factory Miss’ii., |
J. L. Pierce. Colored Charge, T. 11. Jordan.
Talbotton, J. . Key. Talhotton Ct. Y. F. Fig
lior. Thomaaton, J. P. Dickinson. Hamilton,
F. 11. Whitley,|J, S. Ford. Muscogee, D.
Williamson, Buena Vista, E. W. Reynolds.
Lanier, J. M. Mutshall. (Jgietho pe, J. 11. '
Caldwell.
Lumpkin DirrricT.—W. - Knox, P. E. j
Lumpkin, C. A. Fuiwood. Lawrens, J.
F. Turner. Lanua' assa, J. VV. Solumons. !
Americas J. W. Twitley, F. R. Mcwart
Clarksville, J. YV. Perry, Cuthburt, J. J. :
Harris. Fort Gaines, J. I). Adams. Chat
tahoochee Miss’ii , YV. R Brooks.
Jkkfkksonvii.i.k District. —W. G. Parks, :
P £. Snttdersville, M C. Smith. Jefietson- j
villo. F I) Lowery, P. C Haines. Irwinton, :
J. M. Bright. Vienna and Dooley Miss'n ,S.
H. Cooper, D O. Driscoll. Telfair, J M. Dicky. !
lleidville, J. M. Austin, llinesville, F. S, L. I
liurwc'l Dublin Miss’ii. To be supplied, i
Mclntosh and Darien Miss’n. J YV. Farmer.
G. J. Pearce, Ag’nt. Am. Bible Society- !
Dr. Boiiug, A. Wynn W. A. Simmons, and
J. C. Simmons, Jr. Missionaries to California, j
It. YV. Bighum, Missionary o Panama.
(From the N. O. Picayune, 28//i ult.)
Later from Mexico.
By the arrival last evening of the brig Union,
Ca; c. Ridovirh, from Vera Cruz, we have receiv
ed papers from that place to the 17th. and from
the city of Mexico to the 11th inst.
It appears that t: e reports of the defeat of
Carvajul, published iu the Brownsville Flag, and
received here a day or two ago. were perfectly
correct. The official report of Gen. Jauregui is i
published, and shows that Carvajal’s forces were
completely routed. He writes from Cerralvo un
der date oi' December Ist. He relates that after
the raising of the siege of Matamoros, he receiv- j
ed information that Carvajal was at Torrccillas, I
and was ordered to fall back to Cadareyta to pre- j
vent being surprised.
Then expecting to effect a junction with Ava- |
los. Jauregui again advanced us far as Mier, which
place lie entered on the 21sL of Oetober, without
opposition. Not meeting Avalos, he retired a
Eecond time to Cerralvo. He was followed up
closely by Carvajal,both parties marching through
the chapparral. On the 27th, the attack on Cer
ralvo was commenced. Jauregui complains much
ot the temper of the people; the National Guard
was dissolved, and he received no assistance from
the inhabitants. The attack was very brisk, but
Jauregui, says did not force him from his posi
tion, till .it last ha found it necessary to concen
trate all his forces on one point in order to pro
long the combat. On the morning of the Ist
inst. the besiegers ceased the attack and took to
•light.
A detachment of eighty cavalry was sent out
to pursue them. They took the road from Agua
legua to Guerrero. Carvajal’s loss was a colonel,
four officers, and more than forty privates killed,
the greater number Americans, and more than :
seventy wounded. Jauregui confesses to ono j
officer slightly wounded, two non-commissioned :
officers and fourteen privates wounded, and six !
privates killed.
Several British residents have sent a commtmi
cation to the Government complaining of the in
equality in the payment of duties caused by the
turiffenforced at Matamoros by Gen. Avalos.
Joaquin de Munozy Munoz has been elected
first Alcalde of Y'cra Cruz.
The Legislature of Tamaulipas has passed a
vote of thanks to the ‘‘Heroic defenders of Mata
moros.'’ The banners of the National Guard,
which participated in the defence, are to be in
scribed with the words: l ‘VaJientes deft tutor e» dt
la integritlaj del lerritorio Mexicano valiant de
fenders of the integrity of the Mexican terri
tory.
A mob in Acapulco, on the 27th ult., assaulted
and stoned the'American Hotel, causing some
damage.
The American adventurers who had stationed j
themselves at Bussani, in Sonora, fled when they
heard that a military force was marching against !
them.
The forces of Sonora have lately been gaining
some advantages over the Indians.
On the 15th ult., a hundred men, with two !
pieces of artillery, left Tampico, for Matamoros. I
The Senate has passed a resolution to adjourn
on the 10th of this month.
The Universal of the 7th inst. says that on the
day before the Chamber of Deputies had received
from the Senate its dissent to the law authorizing
the raising of the prohibitions.
An arrangement has been made with the Eng
lish creditors, by which for five years they are to
receive 3 per cent, annual interest and 5 of amor
tization, and afterwards 4 per cent, interest and
6 amortization. The Spanish debt has been ar
ranged in the same way.
The amount of $1,515 has been subscribed in
Mazatlan for the benefit of the defenders of Cuba.
The cholqra has completely subsided at Ma
zatlan.
A duel has been fought in Chihuahua between
the well-known D. Angel Trias and an Ameri
can who had spoken slightly of the Mexicans.
Trias was wounded and the American killed.
Deep Hirer Mining and Transportation Company.
YY r e find in some of the papers a report of the
Directors of this Company, from which we learn
that it owns 300 acres already discovered to be
underlaid by bituminous coal of the best quali- j
ty in beds from six to nine feet in thickness, and
1100 acres underlaid with anthracite coals, of
Pennsylvania The cost of mining the bitu- 1
minous coal is calculated at 45 cents per ton, its
delivery on board barges at 15 cents, transpor
tation to Wilmington or Smithville 23 cents,
making the total cost of mining and transports- ;
tion to a shipping point 83 cents per ton. It can ,
be then transported to New York for $1 75, ■
which, added to 83 cents will make the cost of
placing it in New York market $2 5S per ton, |
where it usually sells for from $6 to $7 per ton.
But it is believed that the best market tor such
coal will be at Smithville, as a depot for the
supply of steam vessels traversing the American
coast bound to or from Northern or Southern \
ports, as well as the West Indies, Mexico and
Chagres.
z It is believed that Deep River Anthracites
can be placed in N. York and Boston markets at
$2 98 per ton, or 82 cents per ton less than the
commonest Pennsylvania or Maryland coal, and
at $1 37 less than the higher qualities, to which
it is fully equal. These advantages the Deep
Kiev coal derives from its location immediately
on the line of an improved River Navigation:
from the cheapness cf that improvement, com
bined with its greater capacity, and from the
fact that it is never closed by ice.
We do not know the history of this Mining
and Transportation Company. We presume
that it is in fact an association of Eastern capi
talists. But we should rejoice heartily in ita suc
cess. as it would dereiope the resources of the
region by testing its capabilities and demonstra
ting its value. Os course, the possessions of the
(Company compose only a small portion of the
mineral lands of the Deep River country.
[ Wilmington {N. C.) Journal.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 7, 1852.
GEORGIA LEGISLATURE.
Legislative Proceedings.
Muxedgeville, Dec. 29,1851.
| The Senate took up the special order for the
day, which wag the bill to levy and collect a tax
; for the support of the Government, for the years
1852 and 1853. On motion of Mr. Anderson,
i the same was referred to the Committee on Fi
nance.’
The bill to provide means for equipping the
Western & Atlantic Railroad, he., was also
i taken up, and, on motion of Mr. Flournoy, re
ferred to the Committee on Internal Improve
ments.
A few local bills were disposed of, and the
Senate adjourned at an early hour, having gone
through with ; t< business.
In the House. Mr. Dawson, of Putnam, offered
a joint resolution, which was agreed to. on the
i part of the House, that a Committee of five be
appointed, with instructions to examine into the
quantity and character of work to be done ly
the Clerks of the two Houses, respectively—
how many w.II be necessary to perform it, and
the value of their services.
The Committee appointed consists of Messrs.
Dawson, of Putnam, Floyd, Tift, Bartow, and
Harris, of Clark.
Mr. Harris, of Clark, from the Select Com
mittee, to whom had been referred the bill, sub
stitute of Judiciary Committee, See., to prescribe
the duties of Ordinary, reported a substitute for
the whole. The original bill, the various sub
stitutes and amendments, were all withdrawn
and the House went into the consideration of
the bill reported by the Select Committee, and
consumed the entire forenoon in amending and
discussing that.
Three o’clock, P. M.
The House resumed the unfinished business of
the forenoon, and was employed the whole after
noon in completing it. The usual phrase would
be,perfecting; but that which encounters serious
opposition to the last, can hardly be regarded as
perfect. I cannot comprehend how it is, that all
the tections of a bill may be adopted, and the
to tide rejected. Yet such was the case with this.
On its final passage, the yeas were 43, nays 46.
It will, without doubt, be re-considered in the
morning, and the objectionable portions ex
expunged. I might inquire—Why were they
not n jected when they were presented ? I can
not perceive any advantage to be derived from
allowing provisions to be engrafted in a bill for
, the sake of voting against the bill, on account of
! those very provisions. By these means, the bill
has been thrown back one day, thus diminish
ing the chances of its publication between this
and Monday next, when the Ordinaries are to
be chosen, under the Constitution.
The Senate devoted the afternoon to the con
sideration of the Tax bill, and had not gone
much more than half through it, when it ad-
I journed to to-morrow morning.
Thus far, it has amended the bill as passed in
I the House, by reducing the amount of property,
exempt from taxation, from SSOO to S2OO. Ag
ricultural implements, the working tools of the !
; different trades, libraries, poultry, and some other j
; similar things, have been struck out, as not lia- j
ble to taxation.
An effort was made to exempt Lawyers and
Physicians ffom the professional tax, which was
so far from succeeding, that a motion to include
j “ Dentists,” prevailed without any trouble.
Seven o’clock, P. M. j
The following bills were passed this evening: j
To extend the time for taking out grants on I
head rights, to Dec. 25,1853.
To incorporate the Southern Hydropathic In
stitute.
The bill to change the punishment of death
into perpetual imprisonment in the Penitentiary,
was postponed indefinitely—76 to 12.
Two or three other local bills, aud one resolu
tion, were acted on during the evening. Taken
altogether, the whole business, from 7 to 9
i o’clock, might have been, by a judicious use of
i time, transacted in one half of the time.
Milleuoeville, Dec. 30,1851.
The House, on motion of Mr. Morris, re-con
| sidered the bill rejected on yesterday, to carry
! into effect the office of Ordinary. The rule re-
I quiring re-considered matter to lie over, at least
one day, was, on motion of Mr. Harper, sus
pended, and the House proceeded, forthwith, to
the consideration of the bill.
The most objectionable point in the bill, as
lost on yesterday, was an amendment making
the fees of the Ordinary 25 per cent, higher than
those allowed under existing laws. This provi
sion was, on motion of Mr. Harris, of Clark, 1
struck out. Some other minor alterations liav- i
ing been made, Mr. Trippe offered a substitute i
for the 4th section, providing, that an adminis
trator, executor or guardian, being elected Ordi
nary, might continue to exercise his fiduciary
functions, and make his returns to the Ordinary
of an adjoining county.
This proposition occasioned a debate, iu which
; several members participated. The advantages
| of the substitute, as well as th* objections to it,
t having been freely and fully discussed, it was,
on a vote, refused by the House. The bill was
finally passed, by a vote of 69 to 21.
This bill, commanding so much interest at the
present moment —the election for Ordinaries
being so near at hand, and there being a slight
probability of its being materially modified in
the Senate from its present shape, I send you a
synopsis of it, that it* principal provisions may
be as extensively circulated as possible between
this and Monday next.
Section 1, continues in force all laws not in
consistent with the office of Ordinary, as created
by the amended Constitution.
Sec. 2, repeals all laws which now authorise
i Clerks of the Court of Ordinary tef receive
estates of any kind, &e.
Sec. 3, provides, ’hat Ordinaries shall, withir.
; three months after their election, require all
; Clerks of the former Courts of Ordinary, to come j
| to a settlement.
| Sec. 4, provides, that upon the first election for
Ordinary, no one being an administrator, &c.,
shall be disqualified; but, on taking the oath of
office, such letters abate, unless he holds the same :
from some other county. It provides further
that said administration, &c., shall devolve upon
the Clerk of the Superior Court, provided, that ;
upon citation, no one appear to assume such ad
ministration, he.
Sec. 5, provides, that no administrator, &c., S
shall be eligible to the office of Ordinary after
the first election.
Sec. 6, provides, that Justices of the Inferior |
Courts shall surrender all books, he., properly
appertaining to the Ordinary, and annexes pen
alties for refusal.
Sec. 7, fixes the fees of the Magistrate and ar
resting officer, in carrying out the provisions of
: the preceding section.
‘ Se». 8, prescribes where the Ordinary shall
keep his office, and when he shall grant letter
of administration, he.
Sec. 9, provides, that the regular terms of the
Court shall be held on the first Monday of every
i month, except January, which shall be on the
second Monday.
Sec. 10, provides in what manner the returns
for the election of Ordinary shall be made, and
; how he shall be commissioned.
Sec. 11, provides in what manner the Ordina- ]
ry shall be qualified, and who shall receive his ;
: bond.
Sec. 12, prescribes the manner of publishing
sales of real and personal property.
Sec. 13. provides, that an administrator, &c., ;
I may sell personal property, except negroes, with
the consent of the Ordinary, on giving ten days’
j notice.
Sec. 14, provides the manner for filling vacan
-1 cies in the office of Ordinary.
Sec. 15, fixes the amount of Ordinary's bond
at $2,00#.
Sec. 16, contains the oath of the Ordinary.
Sec. 17, makes the Ordinaries the payees of
' administrators’ bonda, he.
Sec. 18, forbids bis holding any other office of
trust or profit, except that of the Clerk of the
Inferior Coart.
Sec. 19, provides, that no return of adminis
trator. he., shall ke admitted to record till 30
days after filing the same—and the Ordinary
I shall he entitled to 10 cents for every one hun
dred words recorded.
Sec. 120, contains fee bill, as follows:
For all estates, not exceeding SI,OOO in value,
the same fees as heretofore allowed by law.
For all estates of value between SI,OOO to
$5,000, fifty per cent, upon all former fees.
, For all estates exceeding $5,000 in value,
double the fees heretofore allowed.
, All other fees are to be the same as are now
fixed by law.
Sec. 21, grants appeals to the Superior Courts.
Sec. 22, permits Ordinaries to practice law in
all Courts except his own.
, | Sec. 23, requires the Ordinaries to report to
' the Judges of the Superior Court, all estates in
. their hands, unpresented, as well as the con ii
: tion of such estates—whereupon it shall be the
, ! duty of the said Judges to compel their Clerks
' to procure administration on the same in cases
j where said Clerks have neglected or refused to
: | undertake said administration, or said Judges 1
, may appoint receivers or guardians for the same
. . under such rules as they may prescribe.
Sec. 24, repeals all conflicting laws.
! The following bills were passed:
To protect the estates of minors from misman- ;
I ageroent, by requiring bond and security from
guardians appointed by the Court, as in other
cases of guardianship.
| i To allow relators to traverse Writs of Man
i damus.
The bill to protect the character of free white
females against slander, was lost.
The Senate spent the forenoon in amending :
■ the Tax bill, and having gone through with it,
made it the special order for Friday next.
, Three o’clock, P. M. j
In the House, the bill to form a new county i
from Baker, Lee, Dooly and Irwin, was lost.
The following bills were passed:
To appropriate SIO,OOO for removing obstruc- j
tions in certain parts of the Altamaha, Ocmul- \
gee and Oconee rivers. Mr. Harris, of Mein- j
tosh, made some remarks to the House, bearing
! on the lumber interests of the counties lying on
; those rivers, which, from their purely practical
; character, most have contributed to the passage
; of the bill.
To repeal all laws heretofore passed, changing
j the residences of persons, without altering coun- !
ty lines—6B to 26. If this bill pass into a law,
one of its effects, I think, will be to make Mr.
Kaulerson, the Representative from Wayne, a
! citizen of Ware.
Mr. Shewmake offered a resolution, that the
| Legislature will adjourn, sine die , on the 10th
j January next. Mr. S. caliel for the yeas and
I nays on his motion, to take it up, and they were,
S yeas 53, nays 34.
; The Senate passed the following bills of the
House:
To compel the Clerks of the Superior and In
ferior Courts and Ordinary to purchase seals of
i office, within a limited time.
| To stop the running of the statute of limita
j tions, where persons abscond or remove beyond
the limits of the State.
| To punish persons for cruel treatment of
I slaves.
A resolution was agreed to excluding new
matter from the Senate after the sth of January
next.
Mr. Flewellen introduced a bill to revive an
j act incorporating the Thomaston & Barnesville
Railroad Company, with power to construct a
Railroad from Barnesville to Thomaston.
The bill to provide for the payment of wit
i nesses, in certain cases, was lost.
Seven o’clock, P. M.
j The following bills were passed, in the House,
| this evening:
] To make penal, the trading with free persons
1 of color.
' To prescribe the mode for the laying out of
private ways.
j Mr. Stephens, from the Committee on Public j
' Education, introduced a bill to provide, more es- j
i fectnally, for the education of the poor.
Millkdgkville, Dec. 31,1851.
Gentlemen : —l notice a communication in your f
issue of the 30th inst. from Mr. Tift, in reply to
a sentence to be found in my report of Legisla- j
! tive proceedings for the 23rd inst. In all can- ;
j der, I must be allowed to say, that I do not
think the passage entitled to the importance Mr. I
T. has attached to it. It has had the good ef
| feet, however, of affording him a text upon which
he could dilate, and place himself in what he re- j
I gards, bis true position before the people of Geor- j
J gia. But badinage aside.
I can soon satisfy Mr. T. that I had no inten
tion of misrepresenting him or any other person, i
| Such is not my occupation. J have been educa- j
! ted in quite a different school. I have been j
taught first, to respect myself, and next, all those ‘
who are acknowledged by the high principles I
of truth and honor. I am not sufficiently ac- j
quainted with Mr. Tift, to knout whether he I
comes up to his standard, or not. I can judge of j
him from his external actions, only. And from 1
these, I have presumed that his intentions , in all ;
his acts, are pure and honorable. Hence my !
willingness to give his article a respectful consid- j
cratiou.
i I repeat then, that in my report to which he'
refers, all intention to misrepresent him, was ab
sent. I sought to convey the idea, that a majori- ;
ty of the House (as I inferred from votes on ma- ’
terial points in the bill then under discussion) I
had determined that no more time should be
spent on a measure which had been, in a Com
mittee of the Whole, thoroughly discussed and
re-discussed until an oppressive weariness seem
ed to have settled upon the majority. I had
been told, by many of the members therose l ves,
that an attempt would be made to cloae all 'ur
ther debate by the use of the previous question.
It is a fact, that some member rose to move said
call, a few seconds too late,and at the same time,
remarked to a friend near by, that he would be
prompt enough the next time. No one familiar
with the facts of the case, will deny that a dis
position prevailed with the opponents of the bill,
to continue debate on it. Mr. Tift happened to
: be the last one who had the good fortune to ob
tain the floor, at a time when the intention of
the majority was, that no oiu should have it.—
I Hence the mere accident of Mr. T.’s name oc
curring in the connection to which he has taken
i exception. It is ray impression now, that with
the non-intention indicated above, I would have
employed the same language in reference to any
i other person. Towards Mr. T. as a politician,
| I entertain no improper prejudices. I have party
predilections, it is true, but I am no partisan,
: hence I consider myself incapable of personal
biases founded on political considerations. If
: Mr. T. choose to place this question on such an
! issue, let him but take the trouble to scan my re
; ports, and tell me if the majority of my anemad
versions have not been on my political friends.
As I have made no grave accusation against Mr. 1
j T. and am willing to award him sincerity and
honesty of purpose in his legislative character,
(the only one at issue, and the only one of which
I know any thing) I trust the foregoing expla- ;
tion will be satisfactory to him.
I will take occasion to remark, en passant, tha j
i Mr. T. in his defence has used one or two ex- j
pressions which the usage of polite and cultiva
ted society have, long ago, discarded. I do not
wish him to understand me, however, as impart- t
ing any wrong motive to him. I suspect they j
were overlooked, in the hury of composition, and j
his whole mind being engrossed by the leading i
idea of his article.
The House.
The House took up the bill to pardon Kinchen
P. Boon, a convict in the Penitentiary for the
I crime of murder. The evidence taken on the
; trial, the dying confession of his brother, Warren
executed for the same offence, and a favorable
' petition from citizens of Greene county, having
been read, Messrs. Dawson of Greene and Hill
argued the case, in favor of the accused, and
Messrs. Harper, Tift, Clark of Stewart, and Meri
wether (Mr. Floyd in the Chair) against.
On the passage of the bill, the yeaa were 39
and naya 52.
Senate.
The proceedings in the Senate cannot be
' more graphically detailed than in the answer of
a Senator to the question, what has been done
lin the Senate this forenoon ? We have read np
i all our bills, to the second tune, all House bid*
' the first and second time, and adjourned to 3
o’clock, this afternoon.
Three o’clock, r. si.
| The following bills were passed, in the House:
i To fix tha ices of Sheriffs and Constables, in
> certain cases. This bill allows these officers
live cents per mile, going and returning, for ser- I
ving attachments.
; To amend the laws, governing Sheriffs’ sales, ;
&c. It permits Sheriffs to continue tbeir tales j
1 fiora day to day, on giving due notice thereof, j
To regulate the mode of suing on the bonds of j
Administrators, Executors and Guardians—al- '
lowing action to be brought against the securi- |
ties, jointly with the principal, or separately, I
when the principal absconds, Ac.
To punish white men for living in adultery '
ior fornication, or both, with negro women. Mr. I
Trippe opposed the passage of the bill, on the I
ground that such laws are inoperative, and were
j dead letters on the statute book. Mr. Thurmond
advocated it, because legislative enaetmen* j were
i the best means afforded, for arresting the progress
j of a degrading and demoralizing practice that is
manifestly increasing in many portions of the
! State. The bill passed by yeas GO, nays 26. On |
! motion of Mr. Trippe, the same was ordered to
j be carried to the Senate, forthwith.
! Tbe following bills werelost:
To reduce the number of Justices of the Infe
rior Courts, from five to one—with the title of
Judge, and salaried from the county funds.
To appropriate money to improve the naviga
tion of the St. Ilia and Alapaha rivers.
To amend the constitution, so that one-fifth
of tbe members of the legislature, present, shall
be necessary to a call for the yeas and nays.
The Senate has passed the bill to prohibit the
sale of deadly weapons, and to prescribe the man
ner of carrying them. Also, the bill to change
the line of the vV. & A. Railioad, so that it shall
! pass by the town of Cassville.
] Mr. Calhoun introduced a bill to legalise and
| make valid any process heretofore signed by any
! Deputy Clerk, or which may hereafter be signed
| by them.
The Senate adjourned to to-morrow morning.
Seven o'clock, p. m.
The House passed the following bills:
To incorporate the town of Jefferson in Jack
j son count}'.
| To allow executions to be issued, in certain
I cases. Plaintiffs may, if apprehensive oflosing
theii debt, require execution to be issued within
four days of the rendition of the judgment of the
Court, provided, no stay or appeal be filed.
To change the mode for taking the census of
the State, trader the amended constitution. It
provides that the people shall elect a census ta
ker for each connty in the State, in the same
manner that other county officers are elected.
To amend the laws relating to Executors
and Administrators, and to perfect the titles of
purchasers under void wills—lost by yeas 15>
nays 59.
Farther by the Steamer Canada.
Halifax, Dec. 26.
The steamer Canada, which sailed from Liver
pool at 3 o’clock in the afternoon of the 13th, ar
rived here this morning. She has had a rough
passage, and a continual succession of violent
gales .
The Canada passed the Asia on the 17th.
Eherc is a violent agitation throughout all the
_ itols of Europe consequent upon the critical
state of affairs in France.
There is unmistakable signs of an outbreak in
Germany and Italy.
France.—The affairs of France continue to
be the subject of engrossing interest throughout
Europe.
No new or striking incidents had occurred in
France, exceptthat several additional Depart
ments have been declared in a state of seige.
Most of the leading members of the Mountain
party have fled the country.
Several legions of the National Guard have
been disarmed on account of disaffection to the
President and the present order of things,
j The Socialists, during their short ascendancy
at Nievre, burned the registers and archives, and
i destroyed much property.
Compte de Chambord, (Henri V.) had sought
! an interview with Prince Schwartzenberg, at
i Vienna, but was told that Napoleon must receive
j the countenance of all monarchical Cabinets,
j Seventy-three newspapers have been suppress
i ed in Fiance under the new reign of Napoleon.
The letter from'Jerome Bonaparte to his ne
' phew, the President, advising moderation and a
" genuine appeal to the people, has been well re
ceived.
, The vote of the Army, as far as heard from is
65,006 in favor, and 3,500 against Napoleon.
Four more Departments have been placed un
der state of seige, though but few serious distur
‘ baoce.s had taken place. There were to a limi
ted extent, and promptly suppressed.
M. Thiers has been again"arrested and sent to
! the Prussian Frontier. The total number of ar
; rests up to the 12th inst. was 1.800, in Paris
i alone.
M. GLrardin has resigned the editorship of La
Pre.sse, and is about to depart for America.
The Minister of War has sent a Circular to
i the Generals throughout France, to cause the
! immediate execution of all persons taken for the
; commission of m.irder or pillage.
The Constitutionnel states officially that the
I whole department of Basses Alps is in the hands
jof the Socialists. This, however, is believed to
i be an exaggeration of the efforts of the friends ol
| order.
Several distinguished friends of the Legitimist
i and Orleans party have sent in their adhesion to
* tbe President.
i The correspondent of a London paper states,
j in allusion to the Prince de Joiir.ille and Duke
j d'Aumale's intended movement in opposition to
I the President, by raising the standard ol revolt
; on the Belgian frontier, that there had been a
i meeting of some of the chiefs of the Orleans par
ty, and that they unanimously resolved to write
to the Prince and inform him that they would not
1 support an attempt on his part to create a civil
i war -
Warrants are out forfW seizure of many lead
ing members of tbe Mountain, who have evaded
! arrest, among other Victor Hugo.
■ Theirs declared against the Government as
soon as released, and was compelled to 1 euve
France forthwith.
The Moniteur states that the loss in the army
during the late street engagements, was one of
ficer and 24 privates killed, and 17 officers and
167 privates wounded.
The latest advices from Dragradien state that
tjvo thousand insurgents were marching on the
town, and had compelled the directors of the
post office at Luck, with 10ft other public func
tionaries, to march at their head with chains
around their necks.
The Minister of the Interior in his report to
the President states, that the iusargentsihad at
tacked the public forces, and had taken towns,
Ac., but had subsequently been compelled to
yield to the energy of the authorities- Some
2000 insurgents at Sisteron took possession of the
Citadel and compiled the authorities to resgn,
and placed a Socialist Committee in authority.
The Paris Bourse continues to acquire fcm
ness.
The Duchies. —Negotiations respecting the
dispute in the Duchies have been resumed sud
denly with more disposition to bring matters :o
a speedy solution.
Spain.—Advices from Spain state that the
Government had made energetic efforts for the
maintenance of order, immediately upon the.
receipt of the intelligence of events in Paris.
Italy. — Ihe Council General had contributed
15,000 francs towards the erection of a monu
ment to Columbus, which was about to be rais
ed in that city.
Prussia. —A correspondent from Berlin, wri- |
ting under date of the 9th, states that the coup!
' d’etat of Napoleon meets with decided approval j
in official circles.
Cape of Good Hope. —The dates from Cape
of Good Hope are to the 4th of November. The
Caffirs have been severely chastised by General,
Somerset's forces. One engagement lasted
, several hours, and the British lost 40 killed and
I wounded, whilst the Caffirs left 500 killed anil
, wounded on the battle field.
Markets. —The sales of Cotton for the week j
have reached 39,000 bales, of which speculators
I took 6000 bales. Prices have receded id. —
I Fair Orleans sid.,Fair Upland 5d.;M idditng Or
leans 4|d.; Middling Upland 4 jd.
! Trade, in the manufacturing districts, is un
' changed.
The Havre Cotton market has advanced,
i Com has advanced Is. per quarter; yellow 285.;
' white 2Ss. 6d.
The comparative cessation of violence in
: France has operated favorably upon business in
Manchester, but the apprehensions for tranquilli
ty in Germany|has inspired extreme caution in 1
all operations relating to tuat trade. The Ger
man and Italian houses are acting with the ut
most wariness, only executing small orders.
The general tone of trade, however, is decidedly
healthy, whicn will not likely be arrested except
by the recurrence of disturbances in France, or
by an outbreak in Germany and Italy, of which
there are many and unmistakeable indications. ,
The London Stock market is rather active
and prices have rallied. Consols on the 12th
closed at 981 a 98i. and after business hours ad
vaarai an Ito f. Foreign securities have sym
patfsed in the rise. American Stocks have un
dergone no quotable change during the week.
Hollingshead's Circular quotes middling and
upward qualities of Cotton, as especially dull
throughout the week. The sales on Friday
were 6000 bales st steady prices.
Co'ton since the Baltic has been dull, prices
favoring buyers. Fair Orleans sid., middl.ug
4ld ; Fair Uplands ad.; Middling 4J.; Fair Mo
bile s*d.
Havre, Dec. 10th.—Tbe reaction in Cotton
at the close of last week has been confirmed,
and on Monday prices advanced 3 franc*. Sales
of 3400 bales, the market dosing firm.
VOL. LXVI.—-NEW SERIES VOL. XVI.—NO. 2.
%irulturnl.
[From the Soil of the South.)
Fruit O altars for the South.
We hare so many inquiries from different parts
I of the South upon the different branches of Fruit
I culture, that we deem we cannot answer all more
| effectually than to republish our treatise upon
! Fruit culture at the South, submitted to the first
Fair of the Russell and Muscogee Agricultural
: Sodety. Since our visit to the Macon Fair, we
are more than ever convinced of the beautiful
| adaptation of our climate to the growth and full
perfection ofall the Fruits described. Will some
! of our Southern readers add to the list the culture
of the Orange, Lemon, Pine-Apple. Date, Olive
and Guava, as adapted to portions oi Georgia,
Florida, Alabama, Louisiana and Texas 1 In the
culture of these Fruit* we have no experience,
and shall feel muler obligations if some one, hav
ing experience, will conn* to our aid.
APPLE.
i AU the fine varieties of this fruit have been
produced f om tihe wild Apple' and to the Monks
of the middle ages, are we indebted for the first
great improvement in fruit culture. The culti
vated Apples of the United States were introdiK*
I ed from Eutope by seeds and by cuttings, and
although the wild crab grows in almost every
State in the Union, no edible variety is indi
genous. The great .difficulty in cultivating tfie
Apple here, is in the fact, that almost all the
trees originated in a colder climate, and a change
of climate is a Irr ost certain to produce disease.
It is immaterial whether a tree, cutting or a bud,
is brought Horn a cold climate, for the bud con
tains all the elements of the tree, its health, and
its diseases. This no doubt is the reason why
most ol our Apple orchards are so short-lived, ten
to fifteen years being their average lengtb of life.
If we would cultivate the Apple successfully, we
must propagate it from seeds, and improve upon
them, and when we once get a good variety,
propagate from, it, by root grafting. Apple seeds
should be planted in the Fall, or if delayed until
Spring, warm water should be poured over the
seeds until they sprout, which will be in about
three days, and then the seed planted, will grow
from three to six feet the first year, and pro
duce fruit in three or four years from seed; out of
a lot of seedlings, in all probability there will be
some good fruit; these may be propagated by root
grafting, which is the most certain and speedy
way of propagation in this climate. 1 his may
be done from tbe first of Febiuary to the first of
April. Take seedling roots of one year's growth,
cut them off about one inch lower than they came
out of the ground, now split the remaining stem
just enough to take in the graft. The grafts
should be taken from fruit bearing trees, and from
wood of last year’s growth; cut the grafts with
two or three buds, and as many as possible with
terminal buds; take a sharp knife, and cut the
end of the graft in a wedge form, commencing
at the lower bud; now insert it in the root, taking
care to keep the two outside barks together,
plant the root either in the Nursery or where
the tree is to stand, leaving the terminal and one
other bud above the ground; be careful in press
ing the earth around the graft, that it is not mov
ed from the union of its bark with the bark of
the root. In any good soil, the graft will grow
from four to six feet the first year, and wilt pro
duce fruit the second or third year. The graft
has now become a tree, and to be made produc
tive, must be cultivated, nursed and tended. It
will grow on almost any rich soil, and it is use
less to cultivate the Apple unless the soil is rich.
Where the soil is not naturally rich, the roots
should annually receive a top dressing of some
good vegetable matter, with a little lime or ashes.
The tree should be pruned, so as to throw out its
branches low, to shade the trunk from the in
tense heat ofoursummer’B sun, which frequent
ly blisters the bark, causing disease ar.d death.
The ground of the orchard should be regularly
cultivated, taking care not to injure the roots.
One of the best methods ever adopted in this
climate, is to shade tbe whole grounds of the or
chard with straw —wheat, oat, or pine straw.
This preserves an even temperature, keeps the
ground cool and moist, and gives the tree an as
tonishing vigor and beauty. There are four in
sects which are great enemies to the Apple in
this section—the borer, the moth, the bark louse
and the black worm, which infest the roots. The
best remedy for the borer and the bark loose, is
to rub the trunk and limbs of the tree with soft
country soap; this not ouly destroys the,; '"sects,
but invigorates the tree, and also eflectui f pre
vents rabbits from barking them; for tbq black
worm around the base of the tree, ashes or lime
may be used with advantage, and are a good pre
ventive—but where the worm has dready begun
his ravages, take a sharp knife and nick him out,
filling up all the worm holes and wounds with
soft soap. The moth that produces the Apple
worm may be destroyed by picking up all the
fruit that fails, and feeding it to hogs, or by per
mitting hogs to run in the orchard.
If the people of the South wifi discard North
ern raised Apple trees, and rase their own seed
lings, we may have the Apple in as great perfec
tion here as any where else; lor wherever the
wild crab grows, there may the improved varie
ties be grown also. ft is true, the Apple tree
will not be as long lived here as at the North,
but then they come into bearing so much sooner.
It is stated of the celebrated green Gage plum,
that out of several bushels of seed plauted, and
raised to bearing, that the green Gage was the
only one out of. he whole lot wortn cultivating:
aud it we can, by planting bushels of Apple seeds,
produce one that shall hold rank as a iruit with
the «reen it would be the greatest aujuisi*
tion°to fruit culture, that has ever beamed upou
the South; and it can be done-—all it want* is
patiense and perseverance. Ihe greatest leal
difficulty that we have to contend with, is the
speedy decay of the Iruit. after it has matured.
Whenever we find a remedy for this, the South
will have nothing to fear in the culture ot the
APP,C ' THE PEAR.
The Pear is a native of Europe and Asia, and
was first introduced into this country by French
settlers. There is no fruit that has been more
improved by the Horticulturist's skill than the
pear. In its native state, it is even more unpal
atable than the crab, and is termed rlutke Fear.
It is now irnade melting, sugary, and battery.
Van Mons, the celebrated Belgium pomologist,
has produced eighty thousand new seedling
Pears, many ofthem of exquisite flavor, and all
said to be worthy ot cultivation. The Pear tree
is not as subject to disease in this climate as the
Apple, nor is the truit as subject to tbe attacks
of insects. The tree is somewhat longer in com
ing into bearing, but if it be grafted from fruit
bearing trees, oh Pear, Apple, or Quince roots,
as directed for the Apple, it will bear in lour or
five years after grafting. It is much longer lived
than the Apple, and there can be no doubt but
many of the Southern States are better adapted
to Pear culture than the Northern. Here, we
never have thatscourage of Northern Pear trees,
the frozen sap blight, nor has the fire blight made
its appearance beie. Take it altogether, it is the
hardiest iruit cultivated at the South, and the
wonder is, why it is not more extensively culti
vated. The Pear will grow in any soil that will
produce Corn, but it most delights in a light,
rich loam, impregnated with iron; for this rea
son blacksmiths’ cinders have been found valu
able to apply around Pear trees. They may be
propagated by seeds, where a’.new and valuable
kindis to be propagated. It will take some
more patience to rear seedlings than from the
\pple, as the Pear seldom bears from seed under
ten to’ fifteen years, and frequently not under
! twenty; but as the tree has not the principles of
stamped upon it that the Apple has, grafts
y be brought from any country where the
Pei,- has been brought to the highest state of
perfecv’on, and those who chose to experiment
may try .the seed. The Southern States are as
well adapted to the Pear as JJelgium. I saw
Dr. Camak, of Athens, exhibiting forty-five va
rieties of Pears at the Fair, at Atlanta, ail the
produce of his ow n orchard, and most of them of
superior quality. One great advantage the Pear
has over all other fruits raised here, is its long
j keeping qualities, which should commend it to
| Southern cultivators; there are many varieties
j that may be kept through the whole winter, ri
! pening entirely in the house, after picking,
; which will place the Pear first on the list of
Southern cultivated fruits. The Pear needs little
or no pruning, and to render it dwarf in its hab
its, graft it on Quince stocks; this is particularly
well adapted to garden culture, and brings them
ato bearing sooner than standard trees.
THE PEACH.
The Peach is a native of Asia, and was first
j introduced into Europe by the Romans, and in
to this country by the early settlers. It is easily
txopagated, either by seeds, cuttings, or grafting.
Peaches come into bearing in this climate, from
tbe seed, in two and three years; but as there is
no certainty of producing the same variety from
seed, as the parent tree, cuttings or grafting must
be resorted to. In grafting the Peach, graft in
roots of Peach, Plum or Apricot, one year old,
as directed for the Apple; this method of graft
ing is easier than budding, and altogether supe
rior; for as the graft is inserted below the sur
face of the ground, the whole tree is of tbe graft
-1 ed variety; they will grow from six to eight ieet
the first season, and will bear fruit the second;
the grafting should be done just as the buds be
gin to swell; pinch off ail the blossom bunds, and
leave the terminal and one side bud above tbe
surface of the grouod. A* rich sandy loam, suits
tbe Peach best, and imparts the finest flavor to
the fruit. The great enemy of the Peach in this
country, is the Peach worm; this is a worm
much resembling a flat bead, which preys upon
t.'ie tree near the roots,frequently eating entirely
mind tbe trunk, causing death to the tree;
may easily be detected by the black gummy sub-’
stance exuding around the base of tbe tree.
There are many remedies and preventives re
commended; lime and ashes are good preven
tives; scrape away the earth around the base of
tba tree, and fill in with some good air-slack-d
lime, or good fresh ashes; renew this every
spring; but where the worm has got already a
good-hold. I have never found anything so effec
tual as boiling water, turned trom the spout of
a tea-kettle: be careful and not apply too much
water at a time, as it HJight kill, the tree; but a
moderate quantity, not ODly xiils all tbe eggs and
worms, but seems to invigorate the tree. The
worm is produced by a fly, which deposit* eggs
in the bark around the bate, and they hatch out
a white flat worm and commence their work of
destruction immediately. Another pest to Peach
culture, is the worm in the lruit,from the woolly
down on the young Peach; the fruit is no' as
subject to the attacks of insects as the Plum,
and if hogs are allowed to run in the Peach
, orchard, they effectually keep down the insect,
[ as they eat all the falling fruit, destroying the
insect with it. A Peach crop, to come to its
' highest perfection, should be tilled with as much
j assiduity as Corn or Cotton. The great fault
' with Southern Peach culturists, is, they are not
I satisfied with the yield of Peaches,but they must
annually crop the Peach orchard, and it must
| yield Corn or Cotton, as well as Peaches. A
’ Peach orchard, planted twenty feet each way,
will require every inch of s il in the intervening
spaces lor the roots, to perfect the trunk, foliage,
! flowers and fruit; and every crop taken from a
Peach orchard, is just so much taken from the
productiveness of the trees. This may be ob
; jected to by some, who have tried some crops
I amongst the r trees with apparent good results;
| but in cultivating the crops, the trees got more
j culture than usual, and showed an increased
'i production over the soasou when they were in
the turf. Il the trees bore better by cultivating
a crop amongst them, how much better would
they near cultivated without the crop! It is a
j well established tact, that all grain crops are
positively injurious to fruit trees. The proper
; time for pruning in this climate is July; the
j wound then heals quickly, and as Peaches are
j only made <tG new# wood, it is best to shorten
| in the br metres, to induce the limbs to make
I new wood, which wj} give plenty of fruit lor
next season. A iWiowi difliculty the Teach
has to contend with here, is tb# late Spring
frosts. The warm daye of Winter swell the
bud, and the first genial day Os Spring it bursts
forth in its tenderness and beauty, but to be
blackened and blighted by a lingering frost. For
this reason,Peact.es should never be planted on
low. wet lands, or in the vicinity of streams of
water, as they are much more liable to be killed
by frosts than when planted on high and dry
lands. As to varieties, there are seeding Peaches
raised on many of our plantations, that will com
pare favorably with any of the grafts of Franee,
and whoever may wish to start a Peach orchard,
need not go out of Georgia for varieties. Peach
seed should be planted immediately after] eating
the fruit. It is frequently observed that self
planted Peaches make the most vigorous trees,
and the reason is, they had a better start.
PLUMS.
There are many varieties of native Plums
found in this country, but, the finer varieties ,of
cultivated Plums were introduced from the South
of Europe. The Plum, like the Peach, may be
propagated from seeds, or by grafts—seeds where
new varieties are wanted,and grafts where an old
established kind is to be propagated. Gralt be
low the ground, as directed lor the Apple, in
roots of the Plum, Peach, or Sloe, of one year’s
growth; and if grafted from a healthy fruit bear
ing tree, the graft will produce fruit the third
year. The Plum tree will grow in almost any
soil, and is very luxuriant in a light sandy soil:
but to produce fruit, it must have a stiff heavy
clay, or a loam with a clay sub-soil. The great
enemy of the truit is the Curculio, or Plum
Weevil. This is a brown bug or beetle, about
the size of a pea bug, which makes its appear
ance about the time the fruit is forming in the
bloom. This bug has a proboscis, and makes a
puncture in the young fruit in the form of a cres
cent; in this he deposits an egg, the wound soon
heals, the egg hatches out a worm, and the worm
eats inwardly until it reaches the kernel, when
the fruit drops; he now eats his way out, burrows
in the ground, where he goes through a chrysalis
state, ami next spring comes out a Curculio,
ready for bis work of destruction again.* It is
observed that where soils are very stiff, the worm
cannot force his way in, and consequently perish
es; for this reason, stiff clay soils are absolutely
necessary for the perfection of the fruit. Paving
around the tree lias proved of great service, but
whether it is the instinct of the Curculio which |
teaches it to shun those trees where there is no
chance of propagating itself, or whether it is the
fact of so many of the worms perishing on Ihe
pavement, has not yet been, determined. Wher
ever the Plum orchard is, it should be a hard
trodden yard, with hogs, geese and other poultry,
ranging through it. The Curculio seems to be the
natural enemy of all the thin skin fruits, and is a
very shy and timid insect, dropping to the ground
at the least jar of the tree. 1 have tries many
experiments to get clear of them, but to no pur
pose. Salt has been recommended. I have lound
salt a fine invigorator of the Plum tree, but uo
preventive against the Cun. o. There are lo
calities around us where the Plum flourishes, and
yields heavy crops, but invariably the soil is stiff
clay. The other diseases which the Plum is j
subject to in the Northern States, we are exempt j
from here; our only enemy is the Curculio, and I
his name is Legion. The Plum tree requires lit- j
tie or no pruning; as the tree gets old, shorten in j
the branches, to produce new wood.
NECTARINES.
* I am now satisfied that it takes but a few days j
for the chrysalis to come out a Curculio, and that
tboy come out of tho earth constantly, and keep up |
their depredations as long as tho fruit can be pune- j
tured. s
The Nectarine is only a variety of the Peach, j
with a smooth skin. Its culture and propaga- ;
tion is in all respects like the Peach, hut, like the j
Plum, it is subject to the attacks of the Curculio, '■
and should be planted in stiff soil, to secure fruit.
APRICOT.
The Apricot is found wild in Asia untl Ameri- |
co, and is one of the thin, smooth skin fruits, be- j
tween the Plum and Peach. It is desirable for |
its early bearing, being the first of all the stone j
fruits that ripen; but like the Plum, it is haunt
ed by that scourge of thin skin fruits, the Cur- j
culio, and should be treated accordingly. It may i
he propagated by seeds, or by grafting. Gralt
under ground, as directed lor the Apple, on roots
of Plum, Peach or Apricot, and if grafted from
j truit bearing trees, two years will give fruit from J
! the graft. From the early blooming of the Apri
cot, the blooms are extremely liable to be killed .
by frosts; the tree therefore should be planted in j
the most exposed situations, to prevent the too j
early blooming. The Plum, Nectarine,and Apri- ,
cot. must alt he planted in stiff soils, or constant- j
| )y watched, and shaken during the fruiting sea
son, and the insects destroyed, or they cumber
the ground, and, like Dead dea fruits, perish be
fore they come to the lips.
CHERRY.
The Cherry was introduced into Europe, from I
Asia, by the Romans, and into this country by i
our English ancestors. The Morello is quite ’
easy of culture and propagation, growing readi- j
ly from seeds, and flourishing in almost any soil. .
But the finer varieties of English Cherries, must j
be grafted. Graft on one year old roots of the ;
Morello, as directed for the Apple, and hearing
trees will be produced in three years. The Eng
lish Cherry cannot stand our long hot summers;
the bark becomes blistered, and the tree cracks
and dies; to prevent this, shade the tree. It is
well to box the tree, up as high as the limbs, as
we find ornamental trees in towns, to prevent
the barking by cattle; have the box bored full of
holes, to let in light and air.
The north side of a house is the most appro
priate place for the English Cherry. The Eng
lish Cherry may also be grafted on a three year i
old Morello. in the liijnbs, as the Morello stands
the sun better than the English. The foliage of
the graft protects it Irom the sun, and all the fine
varieties of English or French Cherries may be
propagated and cultivated in this manner.
QUINCE.
The Quince is a native of the South of Europe,
and was introduced into this country by th? early
settlers. It is one of the easiest trees propagated
from, growing freely from cuttings. It is well
adapted to Southern culture, and will grow in
almost any soil; lor this reason, it is too often neg
lected, and suffered to be overrun with weeds
and bushes; knotty and stunted fruit is the con
sequence. There is no tree bears higher manur
ing, and none that pays better for it. It is a
mistaken notion that the Quince requires a low,
damp locality; from the fact they will grow there,
has led many to believe that it was its natural
habit. But the finest Quinces I have ever seen
in any country, were grown on high, dry lands,
in Chambers county, Alabama. The tree is in
clined to sucker: these should be kept down, and
a tree encouraged instead of a bush, which will
improve the quality of the fruit. Where the
ground is shaded around the roots with straw,
the fruit is much larger and finer. It is observed
that Southern Quinces are not as acid as those
raised North, which is probably owing to the
climate. As a preserving fruit, the Quince ranks
among the first in the country.
GRAPE.
Thisisoneof the oldest fruits in existence, j
having been extensively cultivated by the earli- j
est fathers for Wine. It is found In almost every j
clime, ind is indigenous here. Our native grapes
are superior for Southern culture to any of the
foreign varieties that have yet been, introduced.
It is easy of propagation, growing freely from
cuttings and layers. In a deep rich soil, “hound
ing in lime, the grape is a long-lived plant, but
from some cause, not yet explained, they are
becoming a short-lived plant in Middle Georgia
and Alabama, eight to ten yeare being their
average life; but they are so easily propagated
and produce fruit so quickly,that it is almost like
serving an annual crop. Most of the grapes
strike freely from cuttings, and bear freely the
second year, and the third are in their greatest
perfection. Among the grapes which strike fre
quently from cuttings, the Catawba and War
renton are found to suit our own locality’ better
than most others: being fine table grapes, and ex
cellent for Wine. Grape cuttings may be put
put either in the Fall or Spring; let there be from
three to five buds on the cutting; make a smooth
dean cut; place the cutting nearly horizontal in
the ground, leaving out two buds; when the bud
begips to swell, pinch off the weakest bud. The
Grape delights in a calcareous soil, and where it
is not found, lime should be freely used; no beat
ing manures should be applied around the grape
vines, but the mould from swamps, ashes, gyp
sum, soap-suds, and added to this the best ma
nure I have everfouud for grapes is shade. Shade
to the roots cover the ground with leaves or
si.aw as far as the roots extend, which keeps
the roots cool and moist. Grape vines with us,
do not require the pruning that the Europeans
give them. Any time between October aud Feb-
ruary, take out all the dead wood, and where
the vine has become too scrambling and long
jointed, cut, to force new and thicker branches.
The grape is sometimes affected with mildew or
rot. This is caused by fiequent changes in the
weather, and will hardly ever occur, if the
ground around the roots is properly mulched; for *
whatever changes may" take place in the at
mosphere, there is always an even temperature
around the roots, which gives health to the fruit.
The Scuppernong, a native white grape of North
Carolina, is better adapted to Southern culture
than any other gray*, growing in any kind of
soil and almost any situation; it however does
not strike freely from cuttings, but must be lay
ered or grafted; it is fully equal as a table, and
superior as a wine grape, to any grape that I am
acquainted with; it is superior ior arbors and
trellis work, growing rapidly and holding its
foliage a tong time. There are but few diseases
that the grape is subject to here.
The Aphis, or Ant Coir, is a troublesome in
sect, not so much from the actual damage that
they do, ns the unsightly appearance they give
the ends of the vines. A sprinkling of Scotch
suuff, when the dew is on the leal, will soon
exterminate them.
POMEGRANATE.
This beautiful fruit was first introduced from
the South of Europe, ami flourishes well in all
this section. It is easily propagated by seeds,
layers, or by cuttings. They grow in almost any
kind of soil, but a rich sandy loam suits them
best; they require little or no pruning, merely
taking out the dead and decaying wood. There
are several varieties, but the sweet fruited is
preferable for the dessert. It is not so much the
value of the fruit, as its peculiar beauty, tlm»
leads to its cultivation; being extremely beautilul
when in llowor or fruit. No ornamental grounds
should be without it.
FIG.
This, like the grape, is one of the oldest fruits
cultivated. It probably originated in the Garden
of Eden, and is the only fruit that has come
down to us unimproved, from that Priuce aud
Father ot Hor.iculturists, Adam himself. We
find no account of any improvement in its cul
ture. but Figs six thousand years ago, were pro
bably the same as the Figs of to-day. The Fig
is easily propagated, by cuttings, layers,or divid
ing the roots, aud will gr jW in almost any soil,
but the fruit is of superior flavor when grown on
a rich sandy loam, it is liable to be winter-kil
led in this section, aud should therefore be plan
ted in an open exposure, where it may get all
of thp cold to retard its early budding. It is
rarely killed in the winter, until the sap has com
menced rising. It is well to prune the bush so
as to form a tree, as it is better able to boar the
cold of winter. A barren Fig may sometimes
be made productive, oy pruning the roots.
When a winter is very severe, a Fig tree may be
protected from the cold by applying a good coat
of stable manure around tbe roots, covering the
ground around the tree, about six inches deep.
There are many varieties, and all have their ad
vocates. The Fig should receive more exten
sive culture. ,
STAWBERRY.
This favorite fruit is a native of most of the
States of the Union, and has been brought to its
present high state of perfection by hybridising
and caretul culture. The finest Strawberries
grown in the universe are of American origin.
The people of the South have labored under a
great mistake, in supposing Straw bery culture
not adapted to the South'. I assert, without fear
of successful contradiction, that there is no coun
try under heaven better adapted to the cultiva
tion of this fine fruit than the Southern part of
these United States. Strawberries may be pro
pagated by seeds, or by runners. Seed«, when
new varieties are wanted, and by runners where
an established variety is to be perpetuated.
I have no doubt but the principal reason why
so many have failed in the culture of the Straw
berry here, is, too high manuring. Most of the
directions for Strawberry culture, which we get
from the North, urge the importance of high
manuring. 1 started the Strawberry culture
with Hovey’s seedling, manured high, and for
four years never had a berry. At length a friend
informed me, that, when surveying the Indian
lands iu Russell county, for the government,
that riding a white horse, his legs were frequent
ly stained by the juice of the Strawberries, half
way up to the knee. I concluded that 1! they
grew thus wild, that I would try and imitate na
ture. In the first place, tbe Strawberry grower
must understand the difference between the
staminate aud pistillate, or in other woids, the
male and female plants. There are three grades
of plants: the entirely staminate or male, the
entirely.pistillate or female, aud the hermaphro
dite, blending the staminate and pistillate togeth
er. The pistillate varieties are the most produc
; tive, when property impngnated, as every
I bloom will make a fruit. The entirely stand
i nate produce no fruit at all, and as they produce
i a great quantity of runners, they are very apt to
; run out all the fruit bearing vines. The hernia
. pbrodites are good bearers, and utiswer for im-
I pregnators to the pistillates too. in selecting a
i bed lor Strawberries, select a piece of light, po-
I rous, rich ground. Plow or spade it well, aud
I any time, from October to February, plant but
j the bed; let the rows be two feel apart, and
| plant six rows of the pistillate, one foot apart in
i the row, and now one row of stem.nate, or her
j maphroiiite, every sixth row, being the impreg
i nators. Apply no animal manure, but keep the
. bed well covered with partially decomposed
I leaves, and every spring, diess the bed with ash
] es, either leached or unleashed. Keep down the
j runners through lint fruiting season. It is wor
j thy of remark, that the pistillates, from their
i enormous productiveness, rarely make runners
iin the iruiting season. When the bed has he
i come matted over with viues, go over it with
: hoes and cut the vines up, ieuvirig a stand of
| healthy viues, at proper distances; have the
vines to decay where they are cut, lor they as
■ lord the best kind oi nutriment to the living
plant. When the vinos commence hearing,
j give them copious wateriugs, w hich will cause
the young irutt to swell and mature. It is veiy
: easy lo distinguish between the male and female
; blooms. The statuinule being a large, showy
! bloom, with tong stamens, tilled with a yellow
dust, or poiteiii whilst tne pistillate is a small
! unpretending bovver, without stumen ol jxiifen,
but with a simple stupa it is observed ol the
pistil Jute kinds, that they hear much thicker
planting than the staminate, frequently produ
rmg enormous crops ol line iruu, wnen the viues
are matted together; hut the season most prove
i a wet one, to insure tins. It is belter to keep
; them worked out, and clean, i have had the
! Hovey’s seedling to produce fruit ten months in
{ the year, cultivated cm this tuifrchmg principle,
! and in ai) the list ot Strawberries winch 1 have
j ever tried, 1 have never lound any to compare
. with the Hovey seedling, when impregnated
: with the large early scarlet. There are other
varieties that are just as good as the early scar
let to impregnate with, lor the common Straw
berry season; but as the early scarlet, like the
Hovey, is almost a constant bloomer, it keeps the
pistillates in constant bearing. There is a great
difference in Strawberry plants standing,the
droughts of our hot summers.
I have had the British Queen and Myatt’s
Pine, two fine varieties, perfectly killed by
drought, when the Hovey’s seedling, and Ross
1 Phoenix, did not even wilt. Strawberry roots
will penetrate the ground from eighteen inches
to two feet, and have been known to go down as
far as five feet. This shows the importance of
a porous soil, as they draw mooh nourishment
! from the sub-soil. There are some called month
ly Strawberries, and some early Strawberries;
but the Hovey’s seedling will bear as early in
the Spring as the frost will permit it, blooming
every warm day after January, and will continue
in bearing until the dry weather of summer
parches up the vines. Taken altogether, for
size, productiveness, flavor, safety in tiang|>orta
tion, and its admirable adaptation to our climate,
there is no Strawberry to compare with the Ho
vey’s seedling.
RASPBERRY
This favorite fruit is also a native of this coun
try, and probably originated in the bramble.
There are many varieties cultivated. The com
mon garden Kasberry is easy of culture aud
propagation. It requires a rich light soil, and
in this climate, shade to the roots. It may be
propagated by seeds, layers, cuttings or suckers.
Raspberry canes require some support of a trel
lis kind, or they may be planted three canes in
a clump, and as they come into bearing, tie the
tops together, and they support each other. In
the winter, cut out all the dead wood, and work
in some good leaf mould from the woods, around
the roots. There have been some great inn
provements in the Raspberry of late years. The
! Antwerp, and the Fallstaff, are very superior
; varieties, but are extremely delicate, and will
: not bear our hot suns without some protection.
1 Especially must the ground be mulched around
the roots, and a moist location selected for them.
Where these provisions ere attended to, fruit of
monstrous size, and exquisite flavor, will be the
reward; in other respects, propagation and cul
ture, like the common Raspberry.
Railways. —lt is estimated that the total ag
gregate of Capital which has been expended up
to this time, in the construction of rail ways in
different parte of the world, amounts to the enor
mous sum of £417,786.000, viz:
Railways completed. Cost of construction
Miles. and equipment.
United Kingdom 7,000 £250.000,000
Germanic States 5,042: 66,775,000
United States... 10,280 6*654,000
Fiance........ 1,018........... 48,781,000
Belgium 532 9A76.00 0
Russia 200 3,000,000
Italy 170 3,000,000
Total 24,551 £447,786.000
The Way it Works.— Tbe cost of tbs prose*
cutiont to the United B»ate» m the Christiana
treason trials up to the rime ol Hannaway sac*
quittal, is said to he 875.000. When, it is re
membered, that under the present revenue sys
tem of tbe government, the slave bolding S atei
will have to contribute about three fourth* of the
ir oney to pay these expenses, it will not be hard
to cypher up. wbat the South gains by the Fugi
tive Slave law, to say nothing of the loss of tlit
slaves escaping. ,