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GR A! N AN I) CII A FF.
From the New Hampshire Patriot.
THE LITTLE FACTORY GJIiL.
The following sketch is from an English paper. Ji
has no original in this count ry, but is doubtless true
to the life. as. descriptive cf the suti>iiiigs of seme em
{iloved in the mills of Gnat Britain.
‘Tivis on a winter’s mornit g,
The weather wet arid wjid,
Thiee hours before the daw.ting-,
Thu fitther loused tils child ;
ller daily morsel bringing,
The da: I;some loom lie paced,
An 1 cried, ‘‘The bull is ringing,
My haplesi darling, baste 1”
“Father, f'm up, but weary,
1 sc u ce can reach the door,
And ! mg the way and dreary—
O carry me once more !
To help us we’ve no mother,
And yon have no employ ;
‘J hev killed my little brodu r
Like him IM work a:td die 1”
Ijer wasted form seemed nothing;
The load w is at his heart;
The sufferer ho kept sooth,ng,
Till at the mill they part.
The overlooker met her,
As to her frame she crept,
And with his ihong h heat Iter,
And cursed her as she wept.
Alas? what hou-s ct horror
Made up her latest dav,
lit loti, and pain and sorrow,
They slowly pu-sod awav.
It seemed as she grew weaker.
The loreads they ofdn r broke,
The rapid wheels ran quicker,
An I heavier fell the stroke.
The s in had long descended,
But night brought no repose,
Her day began an I ended
As era and tv.auis chose.
At length a little neighbor
Her halt penny she paid,
To lake hjr las’ hour’s labor.
While j.v h- 1 frame she laid.
At last, the engine ceasing,
The captive homeward rushed ;
£?'u tlie igh; her strength incrcaM ij,
’ l'wus hop” her spirits Hushed.
She left. hut oft. shi: tarried,
She fid!, and rose no more,
Till bv her e itilra I• s carried.
She readied bet lather’s door.
At night with tortured fueling,
lie Watched Ids speechless chi and,
While, cl e beside tier kneeling
Sire knew him not, nor smiled ;
Again, the factory's ringing,
tier last perce)iiu>ii ti ml,
When from her straw lied springing,
••'i’is time!’’ she died.
FYv.ii the Knickerbocker*
TIIE HOUSE AND IIIS RIDER.
BV LOVVRIE TOUl).
“The horse knoiveth his owner, and lie
knows much more. I verily believe he km \vs
more than many of the two legged animals
who ride on horseback ; and 1 am quite sure
there is more of Christianity in his practice
than is to he found in many of the bipeds
nlbresaid; for the horse, especially the car
man's, rests on the Sabbath, whereas his rider
often works harder for the devil, on that day,
than he does for food to keep his soul and 1 to
dy together on any other day in the week.
Resides, the horse will caress the hand that
feeds him, but thousands of his riders thank
not God, in whom they live, and move, and
have their being. To illlustrate my position,
let me give you a few anecdotes oi this beau
tiful animal. Os a two horse team, belonging
to (he Karl of—, near Oxford, one was
very vicious, the o’her quite the reverse. In
the stall next to the gentle horse, stood one
that was blind. In the morning when the
horses, abou twenty of them, were turned
out to pasture, this good tempered creature
constantly took his blind triend under his pro
tection. ’When he strayed from his compan
ions, his kind friend would run neighing alter
and smell a-ound him, and when recognized,
tliev would walk side by side, until the blind
friend was led to the best grass in the field.
The horse was so exceedingly gentle that lie
had incurred (lie character of being a cow
ard, when only himself was concerned; but
if any of them made an attack upon his blind
friend, lie would fly to the rescue with such
t'urv, that not a horse in the field could stand
against him. This singular instance of saga
edv, I had almost said of disinterested Im
,-jaHity, may well put the whole fraternity ol
horse* jockeys to the blush. They, to he
sure, will light for a brother jorky. whether
he is right or wrong; yet they expect him to
fight for them on the first similar occasion:
hut this kind hearted animal could anticipate
no such reciproc.ty.
Siime years ago, the servant of Thomas
Walker, *of Manchester, England, going to
water the carriage horse at a stone trough,
which stood at one end of the Exchange, a
dog that was accustomed to lie in the stall
with one of them, lb lowed the horses as usu
al. On the way he was attacked bv a lirge
mastiff, and was in danger of being killed.
The dog’s favorite horse, seeing the critical
situation of his friend, suddenly broke loose
from the servant, ran to the spot where ihe
dogs were fighting, and with a violent kick
threw the mastiff from the other dog into a
cooper s cellar opposite, and having thus res
cued his friendly companion, returned quietly
with hint to drink at the fountain.
God, speaking to Job, asks him, “Hast
thou given the horse strength? Hast thou
clothed his neck with thunder? He mocketh
at fear, and is not affrighted ; neither turnetli
lie back from the sword.” Shortly after that
niiohtv battle which closed the career of 80.
naparte and stayed his wholesale murders,
and at the disbanding of pirt of the British
armv. the remains of* troop of horse belonging
THE COLUMBUS TIMES.
VOLUME I.]
to the Scotch Grays were brought to the ham
mer. The captain being rich, and a man of
lex-ling, was loth to see these noble fellows
turned into butcher, baker or beerhouse drags,
alter helping lo drive the Fiench from Is,.am,
and to lurn the Hank of the invincibles at Wa
terloo. lie thereiure bought ilie whole lot,
an i set them loose in one of Ins fine grass
parks, to wear away their old age in peace.
One warm summer evening, when it was just
dark enough to render lightning visible, a vo id
Hash was instantly lid lowed by a loud report
of thunder. At tnis moment the horses were
grazing leisurely, apart Irora one another;
but seen g the blaze, and hearing the teport,
they thought a battle had begun. In a min
ute they were in the center of the field, all
drawn up in a line, their beautiful ears quiv
ering with anxiety line the leaf of a poplar
trembling in the breeze, listening lor the word
of the tider to lead them to the cltatge. My
informant, who was an eye witness of this
wonderful scene, told me he hud often seen
these horses. Many of them bore honorable
scars on their faces, necks, and shoulders, hut
none on the rump. A Scotch Gray never
“ turns tail.”
Some years ago, a baker in London pur
chased an old horse at public sale. He pla
ced on his sides a pair of panniers, or large
: baskets, suspended by a stiong leathern strap
| across his hack, where lie hitnstlf sat. while
jins feet tested on a block of wood attached
lto the tides. Thus accoutered, lie sallied
J forth to supply his customers wiih hot rolls,
etc. One day he happened to be passing the
gale of Hvde Park, at the moment the tium
| pet was sounding lor the regiment of L fe
Guards to (all in. No sooner had the sound
assailed the animal’s ears, than he dashed like
lightning through the pink with the baker on
Ins back into the midst of the squadron. The
poor man, confounded at being placed in mil -
itary line in the front rank of the Life Guards,
j began to lock. spur, and to swear, but all to
jno purpose. IPs old chaiger was so aroused
•it the sound ol the trumpet, that to move him
| irom Ids station was impossible. ‘The soldiers
I were exceedingly amused at the grotesque
appeal a nee of ihe baker, and the deportment
oi his steed, and weie expressing their sur
p< :se at the apparition, when an old comrade
recognized the animal, and informed the corps
id at the horse once belong, and to the regiment,
hut had been sold on account of some infirm
ity, a few years before. Several ol the offi
cers kindly greeter* their old companion: and
the colonel, delighted at tlie circumstance,
gave the signal to advance in line; when the
miker, finding all rcsistat.ee useless, calmly re
signed himself lo his situation. The trumpet
then sounded the charge, and the rider was
instantly carried, between his two panniers,
with the rapidity of the wind, to a great dis
tance. Various evolutions were then perform
ed, in which the animal displayed sundry
equestrian feats. At length the sound of re
treat was proclaimed, when off went the sa
gacious creature with his rider. After hnv>
mg performed his duty iu the field, he was
content to resign himself to the guidance of
tlie bridle iu a more humble walk of life.
WON’T TAKE TWENTY DOLLARS.
Some waggish students at Yale College, a
few t ears since, were regaling themselves one
evening at the “ Tontine,” when an old far
mer from the country entered their room, ta
king it for the bar-room, ami inquired if he
.’ottid obtain lodging there. The young chaps
mmouiately answered him in the affirmative,
nvitirrg him to take a glass of punch. The
dd fellow, who was a shrewd Yankee, saw at
once lie was to he made the hut of their
ests, but quietly laying off his hat and telling
i worthless little dog lie had with him to lie
under ihe chair, lie took a glass of the proffer
red beverage, ‘i he students anxiously enquir
ed after the health of the old man’s wife and
children, and the farmer, with affected sim
pliety, gave them the whole pedigree, with
numerous anecdotes regarding his farm, stock,
&.c. &,c.
‘ Do you belong to the church V asked one
of the wags.
‘ Yes, the Lord be praised, and so did my
father before tne. 1
‘ Well. I suppose you would not tell a lie,’
replied the student.
‘ Not for the world,’ added the farmer.
‘ N tw, what will you take for that dog?’
pointing to the farmer’s cur, who was not
worth his weight in Jersey mud.
‘ I would not take twenty dollars for that
dog:’
‘ Twenty dollars! why he is not worth
twenty cents.’
* Weil 1 assure you I Would not take twen
ty dollars for him.’
‘ Come, my friend,’ said the student, who,
with Ins companion, was lent on having
some capital fun with the old man. * Now
you say you won’t tell a lie for the world, let
tne see if you will not do it. for twenty doll ars.
I’ll give you twenty dollars lor your dog.’
‘i’ll not take it,’replied the farmer.’
‘You will not? Here let us see if this
won’t tempt you to tell a lie,’added the stu
dent, producing a small bag of half dollars,
from which he commenced counting numer
ous small piles upon the table. The fanner
was sitting by the table with his hat in his
hand, apparently unconcerned. ‘There,’ ad
ded the student, ‘there are twenty uolla's, ail
in silver, 1 will give you that for your dog.’
‘The old farmer quietly raised his hat to
the edge of the table, and then, as quick as
thought, scraped all the money into it, except
one in!f dollar, at the same time exclaiming
‘I won’t take your twenty dollars ! Nine
teen and a half is as much as the dog is
worth—he is your property !’
A liemendoils laugh from It is fellow stu
dents showed the would-be wag, that he was
completely done up, and that lie need not look
for help from that quarter: so he good na
turedly acknowledged himself heat, insisted
on the old farmer’s taking another glass, and
they parted in grea’ glee—he student retain
ing iiis dog, which he keeps to this day, as a
; lesson’o him never to play tricks on men ol
jder than himself, and especially to he careful
| how he tries to wheedle a Yankee farmer.—
i Uncle Sam.
Kovai. Expenditures.— ln looking over
the report as to the expenditures of the Lord
Steward to tho Royal Household for IS 10,
we find that there is a charge of about §11,001)
for bread, and about $32,000 for wine—about
the same proportion that was prepared as far
back as the time of Henry the Fourth, when
the distinguished Knight, Sir John Falstaff,
took a penVorlh of bread and a shilling's
worth of sack. The washing bill was 510,259.
perhaps a little augmented by contributions
from the nursery. Ihe rest of the items are
as follow : Butter, bacon, cheese and eggs,
•■527,750; butcher's meat, §50,000, good roast
beef, without doubt; poultry,‘2l,3so; fish, $lO,-
940, rather lenten entertainment that; gro
ceries, 50,000; oil, 6,750; fruit and confection
ary, $9,900; vegetables, 2.600, rather a small
amount of vegetables for $71,360 of beef and
jjoultry ; ale and beer, $15,000, that is patron
izing the brewers very well; wax caudles,
510,795; tallow candles, 3,750; stationery,
$4,350 ; lamps, 29,750 ; fuel, 34,900 ; turn
mes, 82,000 ; brazing, $4,750 ; china, glass,
&.C., s7,tick); linen, $59,975—the Queen
must he clothed in fine linen ; plate, $1,275 :
making a total of $-• 49,^25.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER *25, 1841.
A NEW PHILOSOPHY. |
The most difficult thing in these days of
prying curiosity, is to find something new.
\Ye think, however, that we have it now, in
the following extracts of letters recently pub
lished in the Louisville Advertiser. The wri
ter is Dr. Buchanan, whose character, says
the Advertiser, stands very high for talent
and scientific knowledge.
Before proceeding to these extracts, it mav
he necessary to say that the Doctor proltssis
to have made discoveries in “ celeb, al physi*
ology, ‘ which have enabled him in “ the
comse ol a single month,” toascei tain “more
in relerertce to ihe functions of the brain than
had been acquired by all the labors of all the
physiologists and pathologists vvl.o have ever
been engaged in observing aud making ex
periments to ascertain the nature and locality
of its various functions.” He states that his
discoveries ore not matters of theory and in
ference; hut are susceptible of instant and
irresistible demonstration by experiment
which may easily he repeated, and cannot
leave a doubt lo suggest any thing for debate.
Tnis discovery appears to he substantially
as follows:—Ha announces that by means of
a galvanic or. galvanoid fluid, he c m excite
the different portions of the brain, and call
them separately into action, so that there
sullarit phenomena may he observed. lie
says—
“I have discovered the means of exciting
at will any portion of the brain—nnv organ
or any number of organs, and letaiding or
suspending their action. Even the small
peieeptive convolutions on the upper oi biter
plate have proved to he completely under nw
control, ami J have many times excited the
; organ ol form, or calculation, co'or, or order,
without allowing the cxcihmcnt to extend
beyond the organ i wished to call into plav.
In the most susceptible subjects, 1 find that I
have been able to assume the entiie control
o their character, and operate upon their
minds or bodies m the most fantastic manner
| that caprice could suggest.
“Exciting single organs, I urge their ex
citer.) nt to a pitch which might he termed
j monomania—a state of excitement entirely
j beyond the control of the subject, because it
lis a part of his existing character. ‘J ims, I
make my subject alternately laugh aud weep,
reason proioundly of moia! mobs, and then,
without any reason, draw the fist to -trike;
express the deepest humihly, or sdf-sufnc en
cv and levity; sit lor hours with the greatest
patience, or leap up with passionate restless
ness; express the finest moral sentiments, or
assume the manners and feelings of the miser
and thief; indulge in eating or drinking
strong liquor, or assume moral dignity, de
spise sen-uahty and speak of food with iuatli
mg; feel the most exalted moral and religious
sentiments,or indulge in levity with an inclin
ation to he vulgar; concentrate the thoughts
by an irresistible impulse upon some object
before them, or scatter them in utter con fit
siott and wandering;'extend their reminis-j
ceiiee back to their earliest days, reviving the!
memory of almost forgot ton circumstances of j
infantile life; or recall them to the present j
and reach on to the future, without the power i
ol looking back to the past; reason, moralize,|
enquire, or feel an utter vacuity of intellect, j
and show an al no,si idiotic expression ofconn-!
Ttiance; rise with a stern, piercing eve, in the
attitude of angry defiance, 101 l in the most in
dolent good nature, or sink under an oppres
sive humility, with eyes continually downcast;
obey with reverence every request tliat I may
make, or become impatient, contradictory and
indignant, without any reason which did not
exist during their humility.; display a mono
mania of calculation, their whole attention
being engrossed in calculating every thing
which can he counted the number of their
steps, the stripes of the ca pet, the keys of
ihe piano, or whatever attracts their attention,
and when tlie influence is changed, suddenly
suspend their counting, and refuse to proceed,
however they may he entreated. The sub
j -ct of this experiment, (Mrs. 15.) when exci
ted in the musical organs, would feel an irre
sistible impulse to sing, with a brilliance of
execution which site could not display when
left to herself.
“They break forth in the most ungovern
aide merrment, or sit in tlogged aud ill Matur
ed silence ; talk with surprising velocity or
struggle with almost ineffectual exertion to
command the organs of speech ; fall into a
profound slumber in the midst of company,
or brighten in countenance and look around
deprived of the power of keeping their eves
dosed, as before they were deprived of the
power of keeping litem open. But why need
1 prolong the catalogue?
4 Fancy the human brain a harp, and eve
ry string responding to the tone!) singly or iu
combination, as we please, and you have be
fore you a perfect picture of my experiments,
a portion of which i have recorded for pub
lication.”
Dr. Buchanan then proceeds to state, that
he lias applied this discovery to test the truth
of Phrenology, which it sustains mainly,
though lie si ill further subdivides the organs,
tin I mentions ninety distinct functions of the
brain. Os its influence in a medical way. he
sa vs:
“It became my duty when 1 found the
Drain under my control, to proceed directly to
testing its infl tenccs upon the body, and its
power of modifying the phenomena of disease
in a curative or ati injurious manner. In this
mv eructations have been fully and exactly
realized.
“ I have found it perfectly practicable to
operate upon the various portions ol’ the body,
and stimulate or modify their functions by the
approp-iate action upon the cerebral sources
of their innervation. For instance, it: many
persons I am able it) fifteen minutes to excite
ttie castric actions so as to produce an un
comfortable degree of hunger. When on the
other hand, hunger is gnawing, in the same
length of time it may he effectually removed.
Mr. 4, came ir.t > my room the other evening,
under a strong feeling of thirst, In see if 1
could remove it. In about t it or twelve min
utes, it was so completely removed, that he
even felt averse to drinking. Having dime
t is, I proceeded to restore his thirst, and in
about five minuses he rose to drink.”
The Doctor also furnishes the following
catalogue of “effects produced by direct ac
tion on the brain.”
1. Increase and abridgement of the range
of distinct vision as much as one or two feet.
Increase of vigor in either eye,with dimiution
in the other. luvigoration in either eye, to j
enable it to open freely and bear a strong
light. Increase of the power of perceiving
by a dint light: increase of the power of bear- j
ing a strong light and seeing in the sunshine.
Relief of tenderness and infi imma.jon in the
eyes. Restoration of a moderate degree of;
vision to a case of s.x tears total blindness,;
accompanied by cuaract. Restoration ol j
the [>ower of reading short sentences, to a
woman who had been for several years una
ble to read : accomplished in twenty minutes.
Revoval of the stiffness of the eyelids. Wake
fulness, openness of the lids, with difficulty of
closing them. Heaviness of the lids, drowsi
ness, profound sleep
•2. The relief of p:rtial deafness. Increase
or din: notion of the (acuity of hearing at plea
sure in either ear, or in both.
-3 Increase cf the sense of louch in either
“ THE union of the states, and the sovereignty of the states.”
hand singly or in both, and diminution in
either or both.—This is very sniking: to one
hand all objects are made to feel smooth:
to the other the finest textures appear coaise
and rough. The human hand feels as coarse
as a piece of hogskin.
4. Increase and diminution of general sen
sib.hly ol the body, causing one side to be
comparatively insensible to touch and pres
sure, while the oilier recoils fiotn tire lightest
touch: one side being very ticklish and the
other side insensible to tickling. (The dis
tinction of sensibility may be accurately tra.
ced along the median line.) Increase of the
senibdity to heat and cold in either hand.—
Numbness ai.d weakness in either or in both.
j. lacrjase of the electricity of the system
causing (he li.igers and toes lo stand apart
like the filaments of a leather or the halls on
an electrometer—touch being painful to them
in this condition. Increase of the electric
sense until t!i ** galvanism of the human sys
tem can be distinctly appreciated.
G. Extreme exeilahdiiy and nervousness
(produced in a few minutes.) The dissipa
tion of this condition— soothing and compo
sing to sleep.
7. Increase of the sense of smell in either
nostril singly, and'increase of the power of
taste in either half of the tongue.
8. A free flow of saliva—propensity to chew
and a strong propensity to swallow.
9. The cfllctual removal of an ague in 15
minutes—the icmovai of a fever in three
fourths of an hour.
10. ‘The cure of all cases of toothache that
1 i iave met with, in a period varying from
ten minutes to three-fourths of an hour.
The cure of all c tses of headache, iu which
lids method lias been fairly tried, generally
accomplished in 3,5, 19 or 15 minutes. The
removal of all local pains, that S have treated
not dependent upon disorganization of
structure or a sympathy with sjc!i disorgani
z i lion. (Th e treatment of these cases, although
upon the same principles, was not exclusively
confined to cerebral operations.)
11. Increase o) muscular strength: great
debility and even clumsiness. Increase of the
sfiength of the left half of the body and dim
inution of the right half. Restoration of the
balance : strengthening the right and weak
ening the left, (Slo.
1-2. Great increase of heat: especially in
the lower extremities: becoming disagreea
ble in 15 minutes: reduction of temperature
below the pleasant standard. .
13. Modification of the circulation. Raising
or depressing the pulse as much as 15 to 29
beats a minute, in a vigorous, healthy con
stitution. Producing a small, wiry, or a small
solt pulse, and producing a full and soft or a
fu l and bouncing pulse iu a short time. Ac
celerating the general circulation and direct
ing it to the head, chest, abdomen, heart, up
per and lower extremities, frontal or posterior
portion of the botfy—producing and relieving
the congestion ol any particular part. (Dr.
L. has successively applied this discovery to
regulating the pulse of his patients.)
14. Relief of dyspeptic pains and symp
toms in 20 minutes—such as fullness, oppres
sion and activity of stomach. Invigorqtion of
the appeiile and sudden removal of nausea.
15. Various affections of th?4u.ig->. A con
gested suffocating condition, produced in G
or 8 minutes, and relieved in a shorter time.
A hurried breathing and asthmatic symptoms,
produced in about 15 minutes. Free and
pleasant respiration with a relief ol these mor
bid symptoms.
13. Vigorom action of the’liver resulting
in copious bilious discharges. Prompt and
effectual relief of pains and soreness in ihe
region of the liver.
17. Urination, produced sometimes in S,
and somelim s in !;5 minutes.
18. Vigorous action of the lower bowels,
in one case resulting in alvine evacuations
alier ten minutes operation upon the brain.
19. Relief of m utai dullness and lowness of
spirits.
23. General invigoratiun and reanimalion
of the constitution.
To this correspondence is appended a let
ter from a respectable and experienced phy
sician, upon whom Dr. Buchanan performed
some t X|>eriments, which were entirely sitis
factory of the truth of this new philosophy
ill the case ol the cure of the blind person
above mentioned, lie slates that he has the
evidence of ten respectable gentlemen who
witnessed it.
In conclusion he says, it shill be his pur
post'—
“To demonstrate practically thn immense
power which has been acquired for hygienic
and medicinal purpose—for the treatment of
insanity—for the purpose of education—for
promoting ti e general social happiness by a
due regulation of the passions—lor the refor
mation of criminals, and for tiie philosophical
reorganization of the science of medicine.”
RHILOSIPmOAL FACTS.
Sound travels at the rate of 1111 feet per
second in the air, 4,939 in water, 11,090 in
cast iron, 17,030 in steel, 18,990 in glass,
and from 4,639 to 17,000 in woo l.
Mercury freezes at 38 degress Fahrenheit,
and becomes a solid mass, malleable under the
hammer.
The greatest bight at which the visible
clouds ever exist does not exceed ten miles.
Air is ahout'Bl6 ‘imes lighter titan water.
The pressure of the atmosphere upon every
square loot of the earth amounts to 2,133 lbs.
An ordinary sized man, supposing his surface
to he 11 square feet, sustains the enormous
pressure of 30,249 pounds
Heat larifies air to such an extent that it
may be made to occupy 5 or 009 times the
space it did before.
The violence of the expansion of wa'er
when freezing is sufficient to cleave a globe
of copper of such thickness as to require a
force of 28,000 lbs. to produce the same ef
fect.
During the convert ion of he into water,l4o
degrees of heat are absorbed.
Water when converted in steam, increases
in bulk 1,800 times.
One hundred pounds of water of the Dea l
S-ea contain 45 pounds of salt.
The mean an ruai depth oi Rain that fails
at the Equator is 95 inches.
Assuming the temperature of ihe interior ;
of the earth to increase umfurmiiy as we de
scend, at the rate of one degree in 43 fee%
at the depth of 60 miles it will amount to
480,000 degree Fahrenheit—a degree ot heat
sufficient to fuse ah known substances.
The explosive force ot ciosely connned
Gun-powder is six aqd a halt toils to too
square inch.
Hailstones sometimes fall with the velocity
of 113 teet in a second — Rain 3 i leet in a
second,
l’he greatest artificial C old ever produced
is 01 degrees Fahrenheit.
ELectricily moves with a greater velocity
than light, which traverses 2*00,000 miles ot
s[ace in a second ol tin.a.
Thunder can be heard at a distance of 30
miles.
Lightning can be seen by reflection, at the
disiauce of 200 miles.
“Sir Robert Peel thinks a great deal of him
self,” says a London paper. A cotempornry
replies that ‘die is just the man to trouble
himself about frifhi ’
Am Springs. —Where will be the end of
mechanical inventions and improvements? —
VV ho will believe that a railroad car is already
constructed and proved, which rests upon ait
springs ? Mr. Ellsworth informs us, that just
before leaving Washington, he signed a pat
ent for a man who proposed to construct
springs for cars so that passengers should be
able to read and write without any inconven
ience. “Os what do you make your springs
iron ?” e No.” Os wood ?” “ No.”
“What then?” “Air.” “How?” “Take a
strong metallic cylinder, 12 inches long; set
it perpendicular, force into this 13 atmos
phres—(that is, by use of the f orcingair pump
make the air in the cylinder 13 times as
dense or as heavy as common air,) on the top
of this put oil, and then insert a piston which
shall fill the cylinder, and this makes the
sprint.’!” Mr. Ellsworth rode in a car carry
ingSO passengers, which is thus constructed,
and it answered fully the expectations aud
promises of the patentee.—N. E. Farmer.
PEorxiAni n r.s or the Press. —The stereo
typed phraseology of the press is a standing
joke—a never-to-be-exhausted spring of “ ra
tional amusement,” Is there an imusua*
shower of rain in a villlage ? Os course, its
like uas not known in the memory of the
“ oldest inhabitants.” Dues it take place in
town instead of the country ! Os course,
“the city Mas visited with the most awful,”
&o. Is there a chimney on fire ? Os course,
“ the devouring element” blazes through a
long paragraph. Is a straw bonnet maker’s
apprentice robbed of her reticule, or exposed
to the indignity of having her \cil gently
thrown back, and iter beauties exposed to the
gaze of the vulgar ? Os course, the deed is
“perpetrated” either by “a wretch,” or a
“ monster in human shape.” Is someb xly ac
quitted by a magistrate on a. charge of swin
dling ] Os course, lie was a person 4 of ve
ry interesting appearance. ” Is somebody
convicted on a similar charge ? Os couiv.e,
he is a “suspicious character.” Does a
gentleman fail to recover at the hands of a
magistrate, a wife who has run away several
time-s ? Os course, “ his feelings may he
better conceived than described.” l)o five
fools, aged fifty one years each, happen to
meet together at any time ? Os course, it is
“ discovered that their united ages amount to
two hundred and fifty five years.” Are peo
ple married uovv-a.-days ? No ! They are
“ led to the liymetiial altar.” Ai-e they
Itanged ! By no means ; they are “launched
into eternity.”—Northern paper.
We have often been amused iu observing
the vast difference between writing and prin
ting. A miserable scrawling hand, never to
he deciphered hut by the study pf the con
text —filled with interlineations and bl6ts, and
the nice adjustment of Capitals totally neg
lected—is metamorphosed by that magical
machine, the Press, into the perfection of
beauty, regularity arid accuracy. It is like
the proportions of a beautiful building rising,
at the waving of an omnific wand, from a
chaotic heap of timber, mortar and brick-bats
And the contents of a score of huge, mis
shapen pages, are reduced to the limits of a
few columns, as Milton’s infernal giants were
reduced into pigmies.—[Raleigh Register.
Another “ Taubola.” —Mississippi C3n
boast of her Tsltbolas U Iron Fighters,” as
translated into plain English) hut she cannot
hold a candle to some of the old Western
Siates in the production of such formidable
charrici *■■■?. A iate number of the Crescent
City narrates the adventures of one Laac
ltiwipin, a member of Congress Irom some
part in the “far vvesl,” who goes by Ihe
name of “ iron Head.” It is stated as a rea
son for this, that having had a quarrel with
his wife, before he left home, she seized the
skillet bv the handle and struck at him ; the
op it part of the skillet received Ins hear),
where it remained like a cap with a long
tail behind, every exertion to get it off having
proved abortive. Mr. Rnwdon came near
patting out the eye of a member who sat be
hind Dim by suddenly jerking his head hack, the
end of the skillet striking the honorable gen
tlemen on the eyebrow. —Natchez Free Tra
der.
A Great Undertaking. —Among the stu
pendous and almost miraculous undertakings
of the present age is the attempt to build a
light house on the well known Godwin Sands.
About a mile westward of Deal is the village
of Upper Deal, opposite which lies that chan
nel of the sea called ‘A he Downs.” It is a safe
and commodious roadstead of eight miles in
length and six in width, except, when a VV. S.
\V. wind blows. On the opposite side of this
channel,on a parallel line with Deal, are the
Godwin Sands. The length of these Sands
is nearly ten miles and the breadth about two.
The material of which they are composed is
soft, porous, and tenacious ; and should a ship
of the largest size strike on the Godwin
Sands, it would be wholly swallowed up by
the quicksands in a short time. Here, mil
lions of property and thousands of lives have
been lost. A civil eng.neer, by the name of
Bash, has for a long time endeavored to ma
ture some plan for fixing a light house upon
these dangerous Sands, and he has at length
caused to he made portions of the work which
is to form the structure. An immense base
or shaft is being made which Mr. Bush propo
ses to sink thirty feet below the sands on a
chalky substratum. It is formed of cast iron
and is hollow within. This base, or under
shaft, on which the column is to be raised, is
sixty four feet in height, and thirty feet in di
ameter, and above one hundred test in cir
cumfereivce. The base is sixty-four feet long
the column eighty-six, aid the summit is for
iy feet in length, ihe total altitude will be
one hundred and ninety lee*. The weight ol
the lower shaft is one’ hundred and twenty
tons! In this shift there is a cell large
enough to hold one hundred men, with pro
visions, storehouse, magazine, &e., and in the
upper portion there is room for twenty men,
whoso constant attendance will he necessary
it is said, to manage the light. Should the
undertaking prove successful, it will be one
one of the grandest projects of the age, and Mr.
Bush, will deserve all the laurels that can be
placed upon b,is brovy. Indeed, he will be
imm irtafr/ed. The Thames tunnel almost
sinks with insignificance at the side ot it,
when the great benefit to be derived from it
by every nation is taken into consideration.
It is to be hoped that the most sanguine ex
pectations oi Mr. Bush may be realized -
English paper.
Georgia Female College- —\\ e have
gre it pleasure in being informed that the num
ber of pupils attending the present session is
considerably augmented, and the prospects
for the future of that valuable institution
greatly improved. Convinced as we are of
the inestimable benefit dependent on wisely
planned and conducted seminaries for the
cultivation of the female mind and formation
of female character, we ardently wish the
■Seorg.a female College the amplest success
Macon Telegraph, 9-h ins:.
Ambiguity—The correspondent of a Lon
don piper, writing respecting the report that
Lord Howick had been fired at by some ruffian,
says, with great navieie, “a gun was certainly
pointed at fiis lordship’s bead, but it is _geaei
cii; believed there was nothing fit it.”
[NUMBER 42.
POLITICAL ECONOMY.
From the Charleston Mercury,
TiiKGOLD BILL.
One us our correspondents stated in a com
munication lact week, that the passage cl'the
Gold 11.11 in 1*534, by placing our currency on
the same basis with that of England, created
“a galvanic sympathy,” subjecting us to feel
the shock of every revulsion in the British
market. This matter lias, we are glad to find,
been taken in hand by our leading merchants,
and will bo made the subject of a memorial to
Congress. The following views were handed
us by a friend, nut for publication, but to call
our attention to the subject. Believing, how
ever, that their publication will do good, we
take the liberty of presenting them in the
shape in which they were received, and invite
for them the attention'of our readers.
Ist. That tlie operation of the law altering
the value of gold, is precisely the same as ii
Congress were to give a house 2 1-2 Der
cent (when the coin had to be exported) to
those who exported silver instead oi gold, and
a similar bonus to those who imported gold
instead of silver, when the balance of trade
brought the precious metals to this country.
2J. Mat the p‘-flection of the policy of
the bill would be the exportation of ail the
silver in the counts-',*, and the importation of
gold iu lieu of it.
3d. That tne success then of the bill must
be, and to the extent tlat u has operated, has
been prejudicial to i.,0 bast interest of the
country, because,
Ist. It has caused the exportation of a large
portion ot silver that, im'-iiod ilia oasis ot cup
circulation.
2.1. That this operation, wherever a sound
currency has been maintained, has contracted
the circulation, $3 lor every £i imported, to
the manifest derangement of trade bv the
great alteration thus produced in the value of
property, and cf the products of labor—and*
where a sound currency has not been main
tained, all the evils ot an irredeemable cur
rency.
3d. That the re.tnody fpr these evils is the
supposed adequate importation of gold—but
gold, being tbe only legal tender in Great Brit
a:n, and she being the chief customer for our
cotton staple,, the remedy of drawing from her
colters the gold that farms the basis of her
currency, and thus contracting that currency
•S3 for every $1 drawn from it, must produce
there a ruinous depreciation in the value of
our staple.
4th. That the silver we import in exchange
for the gold, affords no relief to the currency
of Great Britain, because it is a mere mer
chandise in the market, and neither currency,
nor a basis for currency.
sth. That another effect of the bill is to
keep constantly in transitu a large amount of
both gold and silver, that is thus j ro lanio en
tirely lost, or three times the sum, temporarily
withdrawn from the currency if one of the
two countries, to the manifest injury of the
trade of both.
6th. That the gold that is brought to this
country, comes first to New York as the most
proximate point to Great Britain ; that before
it can travel South, the vacuum created by
its withdrawal from the vaults of the Bank of
England, produces a contraction there that for
cibly draws it back again—that the silver, on
its way out of the country* is concentrated in
like manner at New York—that New York
thus becomes a depot for all the coin of tbe
country that has gradually left the Banks of
the South and South West, in obedience to
the law that demands its exportation, as well
as for all the gold that is imported.
7lh. That ’P'few York Is then built up at
the expense of the South, though the loss
caused by the reduced value of our products
exported toJGreat Britain is a detriment to the
interests of New Y ork and of the while coun
try.
Bth. That the law is in effect equal to a re--
I juction of silver by this country also, and a
! struggle with Great, Britain to make the same
i quantity of gold that served as the basis of the
i circulation of Great Britain alone, the basis of
I the circulation of the two countries, the con
traction that hasensued, has been fatal to the
interests of both, and the Banks of this coun
try or the Bank of England were obliged to
suspend and wind up. The first were obliged
to succumb as the deotor party.
Oth. That France and other continental
countries, have been and continue in a high
state of prosperity in the midst of all the troub
les and difficulties in this country and Great
Britain, which canon'y be accounted for from
the fact of their not being parties to the strug
gle.
10. ii. That an expanded currency in Great
Britain under the influence of w hicii the price
of Cotton would be liberal and steady, an! a
contracted currency at home by which the
planters of the Mouth would buy tlie'r supplies
at moderate price.-, is the true interest ol the
South—whereas the effect of this measure is
to contract the currency of Great Britain, and
thus reduce the value of Cotton, and at the
same time the currency of New York, Boston,
&c. is expanded and the price ot home pro
ductions elevated.
That the remedy for these Gvils would seem
to bo that tills country should adopt silver as
the only legal tender, or restore its value, so
as to draw our supplies of coin from those
countries in Europe whose currencies being
almost exclusively metalie, and of silver,would
contract only the extent of the actual with
drawal of money, while on the other hand we
would release to Great Britain ibe gold that
would restore to her a. new expanded curren
cy, and to the South a better market for lier
staple.
From the New Yoili Evening Post.
‘•ln travelling last summer upon one of the
vast uninhabited prairies of Illinois, we came
to where the ground h;.d been broken and
raised in a long, narrow stripe, about a rod ip
width, and planted w.th rows of beans. We
looked about for the habitation of the cultiva
tor, and far over the grassy waste, in the edge
of a distant grove, we descried a single log
cabin, with a smoke rising from it. When
we inquired what hid induced him to come
into the middle of the prairie, and till the
ground after that strange fashion, we were told
that this was one of the numerous railroads
which had been begun in the State of Illinois',
and abandoned. Ihe ancient turf had been
broken, and -adjusted to the proper level lor
a railroad ; and the settler, finding the long
causey well adapted to the purpose of a beau
garden, and having no fear of being disturbed
for the next fifty years at least, had entered
upon it and turned it to its best account. —
Scattered by the side of this narrow bean rieid,
we saw heaps of the tall straight timber of the
Illinois wood?, collected at great expense, for
the purpose of forming a frame on which the
iron rails were to he laid. Tne huge trunks
will lie there until they moulder, or are ear
ned ofi’ by the settiers.
Millions of dollars have been expended in
this manner by the State of lilino.s, n corn
mencing railroads that are not to be finished
in our generation, leading over uninhabited
prairies, to connect; small and distant vij ages.
An enormous score has been run up, which
the people of Illinois are now debating whether
they vviii pay. The great error consisted in
assuming that it was proper for a slate gov
ernment to make railroads. As soon as this
updj iiis cv.aok.h.’d 4<)ctr;r;o, fha door
was ojetied to all th# abuses whVh lt*lwcil.
The most prom sing routes were first selected
—those on which the greatest amount of goods,
and the greatest number of passengers, were
likely to be carried. ‘The representatives of
such parts of Illinois as were at a distance
from these routes, clamored at this—objected
to laying out tbe money of the State in build
ing railroads for the benefit of particular dis
tricts—and demanded that railroads should (>e
made through their own neighborhoods also.
To satisfy them, and to obtain their vote for
the roads first proposed, their demand was
granted, and thus was planned that great net
work ot internal improvements, the attempt to
execute which has plunged Illinois sodeepiy
in debt, and placed such a barrier in the way
of her natural prosperity.
If this view of what has followed from the
adoption of a general scheme of internal im
provement by a State needed any filling up,
we found abundance of materials in the Slate
of Pennsylvania. Every body knows that the
great system of canals or railroads, with which
that State is crossed in various directions-, is
a constant loss to the treasury ; and her finan
ciers are at their wits’ ends to sustain the
public credit by temporary expedients, until,
the people shall bo in a humor to submit to a
direct tax for the payment of the interest
debt, llat he who travels in Pennsylvania,
along the lines of internal communication, will
hear complaints of improvident management*
of lucrative jobs, of vast suras charged for re
pairs, of men who in a few years made their
fort une from the roads and retired ; in short, us
a prodigious watte of money, which, in the
end, must be the loss either of tbe citizens of
Pennsylvania, or of the public creditor.
In fact, there is nothing in which a Skate
government may be so easily overreached and
plundered as in the management of a great
Systran ot railroads, it j s so complicated a
.it, rCCJIIirOS SO llmny £0
many engineers, so much machine) j, 0 ex
tens vs an apparatus for transportation, and
such frequent repairs, that if the public treas
ury escapes being robbed, its escape is scarce
ly Jess than a miracle. In such a labyrinth of
transactions, a little negligence, a little want
of firmness, a little ignorance of business, a
little collusion on the part of the State author
ities, puts the public funds at the mercy of a
thousand blunderers; and how rare it is that
the affairs of a State are in the hands of men
of a sagacity that cannot be misled, a perfect
knowledge of business, unpersuadable fi ill
ness, and an honesty that never wavers !
\Y e see, in the example of these two States,
how certain it is, if we once allow railroads to
tie made by the government, that they will bo
made where they are tiol required by the state
of trade and other intercourses; we see, in
the second place, how certain the public
treasury is to ba defrauded in their manage
ment. The people are first robbed to make
railroads where they are not wanted, and then,
cheated daily by tbe horde of agents auJ con
tractu is whom the railroads make necessary.,
The introduction and extension of Me
chanics’ Insti.'utio .s in England and America
within tiie las, 15 years aro astonishing. It
snows that the laboring classes, “The toLLng
millions,” as Carlyle calls them, are becom
ing objects of regard, and subjects of the el
evating inllueuces of education and science.
This is the true democracy of learning—to.
bring it to the humblest, and offer it if possi
ble, like the gospel, without money and with
out price. Tins is the only true basis of a
virtuous people ; the only lasting corner-stone
of popular government, the only effectual way
to raise man from the lowest forms and con
ditions of humanity. There are over two
hundred mechanics’ institutions in England,
where 15 years ago there was not one.
These 216 enroll nearly twenty-six thousand
members, one half of whom are the real
working men of the land. The object of
these associations is three-fold ; to form clas
ses for day and night, instruction for children
and adults ; to sustain annual courses of lec
tures on popular and interesting subjects ;
and the gathering of libraries for the use of
members and subscribers. The number of
lectures alone delivered before these institu
tions last year, was about 2,000.
The noblest of these Institutes is one in
Liverpool, founded by Jas. Muspratt, Esq.—
The building alone cost nearly seventy thou
sand dollars. It numbers 3,300 members, 1350
pupils in three day schools—6oo pupils in
15 or 16 eve,:ing classes ;it has fifty teachers
regularly employed, whose salaries amount to
£SOOO per annum—a library of 7000 volumes
—and public, lectures twice a week attended
by audiences varying from 700 to 13(H).
In this country also they have been of great
service to tbe young, and have been the
means not only of preventing the premature
ruin of hundreds, but also of trail i ig up many
who even are now, the praise and ornaments
of their fellows. The first Lyceum estate
I fished in the United States was by a few in-
I div'duals in Massachusetts in 1820.
We agree with the subjoined paragraph of
the Pennsylvanian, that Mr. Clay’s retiring
will be perhaps gain to nobody, but cert a nly
a loss to the Demociacy.
“ We cu'ild have belter spar’ and a betlci n an.”
Some of the federal whig papers are very
melancholy about tiie report that Mr. Clay has
an intention oi resigning his seat in the Sen
ate, and hope and pray that lie will not even
think of such a tiring. They need uot bo
alarmed ; there is very little likelihood that Mr.
Clay will leave public life while he can con
tinue to remain in it. This is by no means
the first time-that the public have heard of
ihe necessity for devoting more time to the
“repairing of fences and Ashland,” but the
orator, though he often “takes leave,” yet is
“loth to depart!” Mr. Clay is perhaps some
thing of the “worn war horse.” Gen. Mc-
Duffie hm'edto the Whigs of this city as far
back as 1534, that their favorite was a broken
down nag, hut the “trumpet’s sound” isessen
tii Ito his existence. He could not endure “a
s'.afe ol retiracy,” and should he venture to try
it for a time as a piece of melo-dramatic effect,
he will seen be once more amid the tuimcis
intrigue and excitement of the life he loves.
Politically, we perhaps would have more cause
than the federal organs to regret a retirement
on the part of Mr. Clay ; when he marks out
the campaign and directs the movements of
our opponents, democracy is sure to trUuaph.
Asa leader, Mr. Clay is utterly devoid of judg
ment and discretion ; he is a sort of Pfnetojj,
and never lakes the reigns without lashing his
horses into f. enz ed plunges and upsett.ng
the chariot. Before the bargain which gave
him the Secretary of State:hip, and jliced
h in in the line of “safe precedents,” no man
stfii and fairer with the American, people ; but
simp that fatal blunder, now nearly twenty
years, his course has been downward. Every
eff >it to gain tire darling object of his ambi
tion, lias only tended to decrease his remain
ing p< puiar.ty and weaken public confidence
nh mi If ii be true, as asserted, that his was
he mastermind which directed the movement
of federalism proper, in the recent extra ses
s on, he np;v bus an additional claim upon thes
suffrages of Ins old supporters, that of having
in the course of a few months reduced an
overwhelming party majority, which recently
swept the Union, into such a weak, spiritless
ragment that it is scarcely heard at the polls.
By all means do not suffer Air. Clay to retire’
Irom practice. Sangrado himself was never
more successful in depletion.
of-'f Jersey Banks. —A bi ] has been in
troduced iuto the Legislature of New Jersey,’
and ordered to a second reading, requiring
that all the brinks, and companies exercising
hanking privileges in New Jersey shall, on or
before the fourth day of July next, resume
the redemption of their notes and the payment
of their debts in specie, under forfeiture of
their charie c.