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SOUTHERN SENTINEL,
COLUMBUS, - GEORGIA:
THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 16,1850. j
The “Compromise.”
•The committee of Senators to whom had been re
ferred the various subjects connected with the Cali
foruia question, on Monday last, made a report
through their chairman, Mr. Ciav. We have not
space for the entire report, but give its substance in
the following brief summary :
‘l. The admission of any new State or State? formed
cut of Texas to be postponed until thev shall hereafter
present themselves to be received into the Union, when i
it will be the duty of Congress fairly and faithfully to |
execute the the compact with Texas by the admitting j
such new State or States. ... 1
“‘2. The admis-ion forthwith of California into the
Union with the boundaries which she has proposed.
“3. The establishment of Territorial Governments |
without the Wilrnot Proviso for New Mexico and Utah
embracing all the territory recently acquired by the Uni- ,
ted States, from Mexico not contained in the bounda
ries of California. 1
“4. The combination of tiie.e two last mentioned
measures in the same bill. j
“5. The establishment of the Western and Northern j
boundary of Texas, and the exclusion from her juris- I
(fiction of all New Mexico, with the grant to Texas of
a pecuniary equivalent; and the section for that purpose
to be incorporated in the bill admitting California and |
< -tablishing Territorial Governments for Utah and
new Mexico. i
“6. More effectual enactments of law t 6 secure the
prompt delivery of persons bound to service or labor in
one State, under the laws thereof, who escape into
another State.
“And, 7. Abstaining from abolishing slavery ; but,
under heavy penalty, prohibiting the slave trade in the
District of Columbia.”
These seven propositions contain the result of the j
labors, of thirteen United States Senators, selected for |
this work, for their eminent ability and patriotism.
They have been heralded to the world, and the peo- ;
pie, not less than the Senators and Representatives
in Congress, are to pass upon their merits.
We propose to Consider as briefly as possible each *
one of those propositions. Before doing so however,
we desire to ask what are the ends proposed to be ac
complished by the report of this committee ? The ;
answer is ready upon the lips of every one who has j
looked, as we profess to have done, with any hope,
to the result of its deliberations. Its object, as we j
understood it, was to settle the differences between j
the North and South in a manner that would neither
infringe the honor or the constitutional rights of j
either section. There are sonic men who seem to j
regard Congress vested with Omnipotence for the !
preservation of the Union. We are willing to see the ;
general government go to the utmost verge of its
power, for the sake of the Union, but we are not j
willing to sacrifice one jot or title of our constitutional
rights even to save the Union. With this much by j
way of premise, we proceed to consider the defa Is
of this “settlement.”
We have no objection to the first proposition. It 1
will be time enough to subdivide Texas, when she .
asks for it, and when she does ask it, there is no ques
tion of the obligation vm the part of the general gov- I
eminent to comply. !
The second which proposes to admit “< ‘alifornia into :
the Union with the boundaries she hits proposed,” ,
we most cordially oppose. There is no use to speak
equivocally; in defining our position we shall ;
use plain language and we wish to be judged ,
solely by the import of our words. \\ e would resist ,
the admission of California even to dissolution. Rath- i
er than she should come in on her pending appli- I
cation, we would prefer to see her set up an inde- t
pendent government ; rather than admit her with
her present constitution, we would see this govern
ment severed into thirty separate sovereignties. Wo
believe that the South has been overslaughed by a
despicable attempt to shirk responsibility •, we be- ■
lievc she lias been shamefully swindled of her rights
in that territory by an unauthorized caucus of lawless
squatters, and we believe that this wanton outrage ;
upon our rights caunot be palliated in the slightest,
by a merciful recognition of our rights in other re
spects. If it is wrong to admit California, it is not
made right by coupling her admission with other
measures. By what principle of constitutional law j
can wc justify her admission in connexion with oth
er bills, w hich would not, pari passu justify it as a
separate measure ?
The third proposition embraces the principle for ;
which we*have always contended, and upon which
alone can we ever consent to see this matter settled ;
wo mean the principle of strict non intervention.
Whether the Territories proposed are such as would
best meet the wants of the people and subserve the
interests of the States, we are not prepared to say, ;
#ud cannot, consequently, either approve or dis
approve the third proposition. But wo desire to
see territorial governments provided for al! our Pa
cino possessions, California with the rest.
In considering the two last mentioned propositions,
we have embraced the fourth. Wo cannot further
prosecute this inquiry to-day, but must defer the ;
consideration of the other provisions to another time.
We have already seen enough howevcf to satisfy us
in our opposition to the Committee’s plan. It is a
cheat dignified with the name of compromise , and
we shall measure the fidelity of gentlemen in Con
gress, to the interests of the South, by the position
which they occupy on this question. ,
Suoddn Deatu of Mrs. Dr. Pierce.—A gloom
lias been east over our community by the sudden
death, on Tuesday morning, the 14th inst., of the tru
ly*cstimablc lady of the Rev. Dr. Loviek Pierce. Mrs.
Fierce was in the enjoyment of her accustomed
health on the morning of her decease, and five min
utes before breathing her last, was engaged in her
ordinary household duties. It is thought she died of
an affection of the heart. Thus has one of the most
beloved members of our community suddenly, and
without the slightest premonition of danger, been hur
ried to the grave. A airele of friends, as extensive as
her acquaintance, is bereft of one of its brightest or
naments. Wc speak not of the loss of those who
knew her best and loved her most. Within the sa
cred pale of their grief, we dare not enter, save with
the heart’s own silent sj uipatliy. Her revered hus
band is at present in attendance upon the General
Conference of his church, in session at St. Louis, Mo.
That God whom he has served for half a century, can
alone sustain, him in his heart-rending affliction.
The Growing Cotton Crop.
W c ean not of eourse, at this early day, speculate
with much certainty upon the size of the growing
crop, yet it is even now apparent beyond a doubt, that
the most extraordinarily propitious seasons, ean not
possibly produce more than an ordinary erop; the
reasonable calculation ie, that it must be short. In
this section, we do not recollect ever to have heard
the planters complain so heavily of the difficulty in
getting r, stand. In many instances the cold rains
which have succeeded the planting, have caused the
seed to rot in the the ground, and in others, where
the plants have come up, they have been killed by the
unusually cola weather. The injury to the crop, re
sulting from these causes, will more than counterbal
ance any increase that planters may have made, in the
number of acres in cultivation.
In the heavy cotton growing regi ‘ns of the west,
the injuries to the crops have been unprecedentedly
disastrous. Wc learu from the N. Orleans papers,
that the flood in the Mississippi and its tributaries, is
greater than any since IS2S. The Ohio, the Cum
berland, the Tennessee, the Missouri, the Arkansas
and the Red have all done immense injury to the
crops on their bottoms, and the smaller streams of
Mississippi and Alabama have also been overflown, to
tho great damage of the plantations on their banks. —
At Vieksburgh, the Mississippi is said to have been
50 miles wide ! From every section of the cotton
growing region the prospect is represented as gloomy
in the extreme. In N. Orleans the damage to the
cotton crop is estimated at from 200 to 300 thousand
bales.
lion.. Hu.. A. Haralson
Has our thanks for a valuable public Docu
ment.
The Southern Convention.
As the day approaches when this body is to assem
ble, we are inspired with additional hope of its ability
to do good. If for no other purpose, we shall be
pleased to see this convention in session, that its delib
erations may condemn the slanders of those who have
misrepresented its objects. When men of unques
tioned patriotism, men whose voices have never been
heard, save in defence of their country's good, when
such men as these, shall take their seats in the coun
cils of the South, who shall dare to question the reali
ty of the crisis, or the purity of motive, which has
brought them together. Such men are now prepar
ing to leave their homes for Nashville. Among
them, wc are pleased to notice from the Times of
Tuesday, that Judge Colquitt is making his arrange
ments to attend the convention. There is no man in
Georgia, who will carry with him more of the confi
dence of her people : nor is there one in the South
who possesses in a more eminent degree, all the ele
ments of a reliable leader in this war of sectional in
terests.
The convention meets too at a most propitious mo
ment. The committee of thirteen lias just presented
an ingeniously contrived scheme of fraud, which is
now sought to be imposed upon the South under the
illusive name of ; 'compromise .” Upon the defeat of
that scheme, will in a great measure, depend the suc
cess of the South. Here then is the great rallying
point of those who have not yet determined upon It
surrender of the South. We believe if that measure
can be defeated, California may be yet ruled out, for
we do not think that the North has yet received suf
ficient encouragement from her allies at the South,
to attempt to force California as a separate measure
upon us. Let the South then meet at Nashville ; let
her delegates go there, even shorn of some of their
power, by the apparent apathy of the people, and pro
claim in terms that shall not be misunderstood, their
determination to rescue the South from degradation,
and the evil hour may yet be averted. From the be
ginning we have been satisfied that concert at home
was all that was needed to insure success to Southern
opposition. li e have feared that the ties of party,
and the dictation of aspiring leaders, might defeat
that concert, nor have our fears been altogether
groundless. An occasional snarl or it slhecr from
those who apprehended disappointment to llieir own
ambitious hopes from too bold a stand in favor Ms the
South, and the faint echoes of their unddHings at
home, have, to a certain extent, impaired that harmo
ny, which, for the sake of the South, we had hoped”
might prevail.
But the vast preponderance of sentiment and votes
at the South, is in favor of the South ; a preponder
ance, sufficient to carry with it a inoral power, al
most incalculable in its effects. The delegates will
go to Nashville, invested with the might , which
right always gives, and we yet hope to realize as the
fruit of their deliberations, a restoration of quiet and
content to the people of the South. So mote it be !
Slavery in the District of Columbia.
Among the provisions of the plan of compromise
“presented by the committee of thirteen, is one for
the abolition of the slave trade in the District of
Columbia. This is one of the small considerations,
which the South is to pay, for the gracious condescen
sion of the North in not urging the “ \\ ilinot Proviso.
And has it come to this? Is the South indeed so de
based in the eyes of the Northern States of this con
federacy, that she is to be invited seriously to consid
er such a proposition ? Have we so far forfeited our
claim to that equality with which we entered into
this Union, that our common agent, the general gov
ernment will dare to negotiate with us for our own
disgrace. Twenty years ago, the Southern man who
would have voted in Congress for the “second read
ing” of such a proposition, would have been burned
in effigy from Baltimore to New Orleans ; we hope
the process of self-abandonment is not yet so far con
summated that our public servants may venture with
impunity to assist in this foul outrage upon Southern
honor. Hear it people of Georgia ! a committee of
grave Senators, have deliberately introduced into the
Halls of your national Legislature, a proposition which
degrades you to the condition of vassals at the feet, of
Northern tyranny, aye, and Southern newspapers,
Southern alone in locality, have dared to sanction its
ignominious provisions.
“What right has Congress to entertain such a bill ?
Neither as the Legislature of the Union, nor as the
agent of the District, has that Body, the shadow of a
right to vote aye or nay upon such a measure. The
unanimous voice of every voter in the District, could
not adopt it. The right to restrict the slave trade
necessarily implies the right to abolish the institution
itself. Once concede to congress, jurisdiction of the
question, and by what principle of constitutional law
or of common sense, do you restrict its exercise to
any legislation, short of unlimited and complete con
trol. Or would yon concede the right, and trust its
s xcrcise, to the discretion of congress. As soon
would we commit a lamb to the discretion of a wolf.
lt is high time that the people of the South had aris
en to a proper estimate of their rights. It is fashion
able with certain political empirics, to laugh at what
the-y sneeringiy call abstractions. Men who have
not the head or the soul to appreciate a right, are
prone to meet v ith ridicule, arguments which they
dare not assail with reason. It is in these very
abstractions , that tho soul of all political right,
inheres. The constitution itself is an abstraction, and
hence abstractionists have always been the best inter
preters of its provisions. So long as the South ad
heres to these abstract rights she is safe ; when she
trusts to the uncertain dictates of policy, she com
mits herself to a selfish majority. Let us plant
ourselves then upon the constitution ; within that we
are willing to second the effects of our Legislature to
reconcile the differences which now seperate the North
and South, but sooner than look beyond its pale tor a
remedy, we would see these differences widen into
civil war.
Slavery m California.
The public mind at the South has doubtless
been misinformed as to the sentiment which pre
vails among the Southern emigrants in Califor
nia. The Southern press has been charged with
a disposition to cavil about unmeaning abstrac
tions, in opposing the admission of California with
her present anti-slavery Constitution; and again
it has been said that if the line of 36, 30 was ex
tended to the Pacific, it would but have the ef
fect of multiplying free States. On this point,
the following extract from the California Cor
respondence of the New Orleans True Delta, win
be found interesting.
Southern men \v ho have brought slaves to
this country, and in fact those who have no prop
erly at stake, are watching the actions of Con
gress w ith the greatest interest. They feel a
pride in the stand which Southern members have
taken, and every Southern man should have
know n long ago, that the only way to stop
the aggressive spirit ofthe fanatics of the North,
was for the South to decide upon some line of
action, and then firmly maintain their rights.—
Up to the present session of Congress, this has
not been done. Southern men have been dis
posed to yield in order to keep the exciting ques
tion out of Congress, and the effect ol this dispo
sition upon their part, has been only to encour
age a spirit of aggression which can only be stop
ped by acts not to be m istaken.
The question of dividing tiie territory which
now forms the limits of our State, in such a man
ner as to form two States, meets with favor from
southern men here. They are prepared, in the
event ofthe southern portion being erected into
a slave State, to remove there.
From Florida. —The United States schooner
Arispe, Captain Ryan, whiehleft Tampa Bay on
the 4th instant, arrived yesterday. We learn
from Captain Ryan, that the Government steam
er Planter, Captafh Stone, arrived at Tampa on
the 3d, from Fort Myers, Carloosahatchee, and
reported Billy Bow legs at the camp,‘accompan
ied b\ some thirty warriors. Up tc the time of
the departure of the Planter, they had .not deci
ded to leave their hunting grounds for the far
west, nor was there much prospect of their do
ing so. They had, in short, declined making any
more hostile demonstrations or moving off from
their native glades. General Twiggs was to
leave Tampa in a few days for Carloosahatchee.
Delta.
Our Book Table.
Deßows Commercial Review. —We acknowledge
the receipt of the May Number of this invaluable
monthly. To the Southern merchant, or planter ;
indeed to the entire business community of the South,
it is worth more than any similar work, published in
the country. Prof. J. D. B. Deßow, is an able writ
er on political philosophy, and the columns of this
work are filled with highly interesting productions
from his, and the pens, of other distinguished writers
of the south. For the credit of the south, as well as
for its interests, we sincerely hope that the enterpris
ing publisher may be sustained.
Graham’s Magazine. —The .June number is on our
table, and as usual, comes filled with treasures for
the mind, and feasts for the eye. Indeed we scarcely
know which to admire most: the rare literary excel
lences which till its columns, or the exquisite produc
tions of art which adorn its pages. We received in
this number, a proof impression of a most magnificent
engraving of Jenny Lind, as a foretaste of what we
are to expect in the July number. The engraving
before us cxcells in beauty and finish, any tiling we
have ever seen in the periodicals of the country.—
With the July number, the Editor commences anew
volume which, it is promised, shall be one continued
bla7.e of beauty. For $2,50 in advance, we we will
furnish new subscribers from July to January, with
the “Sentinel” and “Graham.”
White's Statistics of Georgia. —The Author of
this work has laid a copy on our table. It is a
home book in every particular; it is written by a
Georgian, published by a Georgian, it is exclusively
about Georgia, and wc hope, will be sustained by
Georgians. Every county in the State, has a sepa
rate chapter of the work, devoted to its own statistics,
describing its boundaries, extent, population, soil, pro
ducts, manufactures, history Ac. It is useless to
speak farther in praise of such a work, than to say,
that so far ais we have been able to examine its pages,
the Author seems to have treated his subjects with
ability, research and fidelity. He is now in this City,
proposing to sell his books, llis object is simply to
remunerate himself for the time and labor and expense
which he lias bestowed in the production of the work,
and for that purpose, he offers it at tho very reasona
ble rate of $3, per volume. lie may be seen at the
Oglethorpe.
The extreme Southern democratic members had better
reflect that the proposition, that the people have a right
to govern themselves, cannot very well he controverted
by them, without taking away the very platfom on which
their party as a national party ean alone stand. If such
doctrine.-! are pressed by the South on the North, I am
afraid the North will be obliged to haul off.
We extract the foregoing from the Washington
Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun. It appears
then that the South is to be driven by threats into the
support of a measure, which her sense of right would
spurn as an encroachment. So far as we are con
cerned, we prefer an enforcement of the threat, to a
support ofthe policy it indicates. If we are to re
tain our alliance with our northern friends (?) only at
the expense of our equality, tho sooner we sever, the
better.
Fire in Huntsville Alabama. —A distructivc fire
occured at Huntsville Ala. on the 2nd, inst. destroy
ing property to the amount of SIOO,OOO to $150,000.
The establishment of the Democrat was entirely con
sumed.
Judicial Election in Alabama. —Complete re
turns have not yet been heard from a.v.y of the circuits,
but enough has been heard from to ensure the election
of Bragg in the Mobile Circuit; Goldthwait in the
Montgomery Circuit; Dougherty in the Macon Cir
cuit ; Pickensiu the Dallas Circuit; Phelan in the
Autauga Circuit, and Shortridge in the Tuscaloosa
Circuit.
TO THE PLANTERS
OF MUSCOGEE, RUSSELL, AND THE ADJOINING
COUNTIES.
We publish below, the proceedings of a
meeting held in this city on Monday last,
preliminary to the formation of an “Agricul
tural Association from which it will be
seen that the friends of that measure are in
vited to assemble at Concert Hall, in this city,
on Saturday next, at 11 o’clock, a. m. We
desire to call the attention of our planting
friends to this meeting, with the invitation to
as many of them as can do so, to be present
at that hour. Every man who raises a bale
of cotton or a barrel of corn, is personally
interested in the movement, and we cannot
feel it necessary to do more than call the at
tention of the planters to it. At the meet
ing on Saturday, the Constitution will be
presented and .adopted, and officers will be
elected It is important therefore that every
planter who contemplates at any time be
coming a member, should be present at that
time. We would also suggest to the mer
chants of the city, the propriety of attending
and becoming members. Though they are
not immediately interested in the planting
business, yet the farmer’s prosperity is their
prosperity, and it is of course to their inter
est to participate in every movement which
has for its object the general good of the
community:
Agricultural Society.
A number of the Planters of Muscogee
and Russell counties assembled at the Court
House in Columbus, on Monday morning
the 13th inst., for the purpose of forming an
Agricultural Association.
On motion of Col. Van Leonard, James
R. Jones] Esq., was called to the Chair, and
Wm. 11. Chambers requested to act as Sec
retary.
Charles A. Peabody, Esq., after a few re
marks explanatory of the objects of the meet
ing, offered the follow ing:
Resolved . That a committee of five be ap
pointed to draft a Constitution and By-Laws,
and to report the same at the next meeting of
this Association, to be held at Concert Hall,
at 11 o'clock, a. M., Saturday next.
The Resolution was adopted and the fol
low ing gentlemen appointed as the commit
tee: Col. Leonard, Judge Thomas, C. A.
Peabody, Esq., N. Nuckolls, Esq. and Maj.
S. C. Lindsay. The Chairman was on motion,
added to the committee.
The meeting then adjourned.
J. R. JONES, Chairman.
William H. Chambers, Sec’y.
Martin J. Crawford, Esq.—We regret our ina
bility to publish this week the truly spirited aud
southern letter of this gentleman, written to Gov.
Towns, acknowledging the receipt of his commission
as one of the Delegatee elected to the Nashville con
vention. We shall publish it next week.
Columbus Debiting Club. —We have been re
quested to announce to those interested; that there
will be a meeting of tlfy club, at this offiee, on Satur
day morning next, at 9 o’clock. *
The celebrated Rochester Knocking*
have made their appearance in N. York.
From an occasional New England Correspondent, i
Northampton, Mass., May 3, 1850.
The Season —Northampton and 1 icinity—Hydro
pathy—lts Disciples—Prospects of Manufac
tures in New England — Mr. 11 ebster and his
Constituents.
Although the surrounding hills glitter with an oc- :
casional snow bank, yet the warm sun which has al- ;
ready begun to impart life and beauty to the surroun- !
ding scenery, is gradually melting away these cheer- i
less tokens of the departed winter, and on all sides are !
heard the notes of the ploughman as he upturns the j
heavy sod with his‘double team. One who has nev
er experienced a Northern winter, who has never
been ice-bound and snow-stormed, can form no ade
quate idea of the real delight, which even the notes
of a solitary bird, in the first opening of Spring in
spire. To one who has felt this icy prison, the re
turning anniversary of nature's birth has a peculiar
charm.
“Tho’ winter, lingering, chills the lap of Spring, - ’
yet he feels his very soul expanding, striving as it
were, to keep pace with nature’s swelling tide.
The village from which my letter dates, is situated
in one of the most beautiful sections of New England.
But a short distance to the East and South East, rise
the handsome peaks of Mt. Holyoke and Mt. Tom.
The scenery is not grand, but pleasing and picturesque
in the extreme. From these eminences, the villages
and towns that lay extended to the view, exhibit a
fair estimate of the thrift and enterprise of the New
Englander. The dashing streams turning their
countless wheels, together with the neat habitations
of the people, and the numerous church spires, shoot
up towards the heavens, present happy and prolific
subjects for thought and revery.
Apart from the manufactures for which the great
er portion of New England is noted, there is nothing
which distinguishes this section more, than the num
ber and character of its water cure establishments.
No section affords superior advantages for such in
stitutions, abounding in the purest and softest granite
water and fine scenery; those who desire such a inode
of treatment, can find no more favorable location. It
is truly astonishing with what rapidity this science
has progressed in this country since its introduction
but a few years since. This, together with Homeo
pathy, appears to bo making important revolutions
among the disciples of Esculapius. Tire success with
which these two systems of German origin have at
tacked the Allopathic mode, is sensibly felt in every
section of the country, and especially so in the East
ern and Middle States. The thousands who annual
ly graduate at the Universities of the “old school,”
may well pause and wonder, even at the innovations
upon their established science, which a distinguished
practitioner declared as complete in all its parts, as
the science of mathematics. Among the Hydropaths
established here, probably the most distinguished in
this country, or in the world, is Dr. Charles Munde.
The revolutions of Germany drove him to our shores,
and the disciples of Pressnitz hailed his advent hither
as anew impulse to their progress. He had already
been eminently successful, and doubtless there awaits
him a fame, which, if commensurate with his skill
and learning, will place him in this country —as he al
ready ranks in Europe—among the most distinguish
ed adherents of the new science.
But passing from Hydropathy, which is attracting
so much attention, and of which I shall probably
write you again, the present state of manufacture
in New England demands a thought. In Lowell,
Lawrence and Manchester, and other manufacturing
districts, several cotton mills have discontinued oper
ations. This, to some in this section, is a harbinger
of evil times. Doubtless protection will now be the
cry from every quarter of New England. But why
is it that while at the North, mill wheels arc stopped, in
the South they are daily multiplying ? The capital
ists here, say that the great advance in cotton pre
vents them longer from disposing of the manufactur
ed article for a profit. But what has caused this ad
vance, let them ask ? What has diminished the de
mand for their fabrics ? What has created in their
once lucrative markets, rival establishments ? When
they have pondered these questions philosophically,
the whole North, not only the capitalists, but the op
eratives themselves, will find that it is their own sui
cidal course which is bringing this stagnation upon
them; that by their incessant ftbuse of those who
have fed them, and the discussion and discord caused
by their agitation of an institution which has support
ed them, they have forced the South to prepare for a
contingency, which, however much she abhors, is
far preferable to a tame submission to insult and
wrong.
The address- of Mr;. Webster upon his reception in
Boston the day before yesterday, expresses the views
of many, very many of the citizens of Massachusetts.
Notwithstanding the resolutions of the Legislature
condemnatory of his course in the Senate, the actual
state of affairs will bring the people to their senses.
These “ghostly abstractions” will not bring them
bread, and when Southern competition begins to af
fect their pockets, “abstract right” and “tender con
sciences” will become surprisingly mute. Whatever
may be the result of the present agitation, the sober
people know and feel tho importance of the Southern
portion of the confederacy, and even though justice
be blind, interest will influence them. Notwithstand
ing Seward and Hale and their mad adherents are
blindly rushing upon the swords of their own de
struction, tho thinking portion of the people, with
their representatives, have paused—they will not
cross the Rubicon. * THETA.
[correspondence of the “southern sentinel.”]
New Orleans, May 9, 1850.
Mr. Editor —Since my last'respdbts, I have noth
ing particularly new or interesting to communicate.
The .business season is rapidly drawing to a close, and
very soon, summer, with its accompaniments of heat
and dust, to say nothing of yellow fever, will soon be
down upon us.
It is feared by a great many of our citizens, that
the ensuing summer will bring with it a great deal of
sickness, and that the yellow fever will rage to an al
most unprecedented extent. The reasons assigned
for this, 1 am unable to give, but nevertheless, such
is the expressed belief of medical gentlemen of my ac
quaintance, of acknowledged ability and experience.
Heaven arrest that scourge, of our otherwise healthy
city, which every season carries off so many of our
best citizens.
The advices from the up country concerning the
great overflow of the rivers, is most alarming. From
Vicksburg down, the whole country is under water,
and for miles on each bank of the river, nothing but
a wide waste of water meets the eye. It is impossi
ble to calculate the extent of the damage that has
and will ensue to the cotton crop—sufficient to say,
that it is the general belief that it is totally ruined.
Since I wrote last, the steamships Alabama and
Ohio have arrived, bringing large numbers of passen
gers. and an enormous quantity of gold dust. You
would be much amused to see, on the day of an arri
val from California, the toil worn aud travel stained
adventurer exchanging at the broker’s office his hard
earned dust for coined money. A great crowd al
ways collects around the door to see it weighed out,
and to behold the bearded, uncouth locking strangers,
and to hear them speak of their hardships and iriafc
“beyond seas.”
There exists not a shadow of doubt now, but that
tho Cuban expedition has sailed from this port for the
rendezvous. I am sure of it. “Where the place of
meeting and landing is, lam unable to say. A num
ber of gentlemen who have gone, are acquaintances
and friends of mine, and the Spaniards will find them
rough customers to handle. The Colonel of the regi
ment raised in this city, was an officer in the army
during the Mexican campaign, and on several ocea
sions conducted himself in a highly gallant and meri
torious manner. A considerable number of them
were officers and soldiers during the war, who im
bibed a love for the life of a eoldier, and the novelty
of adventure and danger. It was a remark of a cele
brated Roman Consul, that “danger had a great fau
dilation”—that may all be very true, and those that
like it are welcome to it—as for my own part, I never
could see anything particularly charming, when there
was danger of having your head shot off, or having
six inches of eold steel put through your bread basket.
I do not know of anv particular change in our cot
ton market to write. Since the last steamer’s news
was received, the market has been in a very dull and
inactive state. Factors hold out for the advance, and
buyers arc not willing to submit. After the letters
are received, we may look for considerable and exten
sive operations. Yesterday only 300 bales changed
hands, the smallest day's sales I have noticed this sea
son. Western produce is dull, and, in fact, business
generally is flat.
Items of news are scarce, but you must put up with
this dull and uninteresting letter. I always give you
‘'the best 1 have got about me.”
Yours truly,
KOSMOS.
For the Southern Sentinel.
MORE ABOUT BOOKS.
A few words more about publishers, and then
we will pass on to some information respecting
the different Libraries in the world. Harper &
Brothers, of course, take precedence among pub
lishers in the United States; indeed, as to mere
ninne.rc.ial extent, they lead the world, their dis
bursements for copyright being far inferior to
those of the Longmans of London. Many of the
works issued by 11. & Bros., are available for
them gratuitously. A glance at relative copy
right payments may be interesting. Longmans
pay Mr. Macaulay $30,000 for ten years lease of
his History of England; Harpers pay SI,OOO.
The largest premiums for the priority of new
English works have, however, been so far paid
by Harpers, and some of the popular American
authors have received large sums from them.
Mr. Prescott has received for his Histories, about
$30,000, Mr. Stephens, the traveller, about the
same; Rev. Albert Barnes nearly as much, and
Prof. Anthon much more, while of Morse's Ge
ography, over half a million of copies have been
printed. While speaking of school books, it is
well to note one feature of the book trade of our
country, viz : of the countless quantity of school
books made and used—one fact will suffice for
illustration. Noah Webster, who lived to the
age of three score and ten. travelling in this
country and in Europe writing and publishing
books, was supported entirely from the profits of
his Elementary Spelling Book, of which, millions
have been sold. Prof. Andrew’s receives SO,OOO
for the labor bestowed on his Latin Lexicon.
The Harpers are possessed of unrivalled re
sources and facilities. All the details ol their
business, except paper-making and type-found
ing, are carried on in their range of buildings,
comprising six or seven, five story houses.
More than twenty presses, are constantly throw
ing off printed sheets to the extent of 31,000 per
day, while in their bindery 50 barrels of flour per
annum are used in making paste, and 1200 doz
en sheepskins, 30,000 square yards of muslin,
120,000 pounds of pasteboard; over 40,000
pounds of metal are used per nnnum in making
stereotype plates, of which there is $300,000
worth in their vaults; they have 70,000 pounds
of type in their different composing rooms. Ev
en the cuttings from the edges of books in the
process of binding, amount to 36,000 pounds per
annum, which are sold to the paper-makers.
Their annual sales have been estimated in round
numbers at 2.000,000 of volumes including
pamphlets. They usually employ about 350
workmen and workwomen, and spend - $4,000
yearly in advertising. G. P. Putnam is treading
on the heels of the Harpers iar the number and
splendor of his issues, flis publications are
chiefly of miscellaneous books. Messrs. Apple
ton also are extensive publishers. Philadelphia
has many heavy publishing houses. Lea &
Blanchard publish an immense number of Medi
cal works, Carey & Cos., Thomas Cowperthwait
& Cos., and others, publish housefulls of school
books—the latter house publishes Mitchell’s
school Geography and Atlas, of which probably
more copies have been sold during the last few
years than of all other geographies together.
Little &. Brown, Phillips, Sampson &. Cos. 5
and several other houses in Boston, are publish
ing heavily; the last mentioned have dared to
rival the Harpers in issuing simultaneously, new
English publications or old standard works.
Many of the issues of Little & Brown, James
Munro & Cos., wjpuld stand side by side with the
finished productions of the British Press; but
we are extending too much. Let us spring
across the Empire State and light in Cincinnati,
that Western Queen, standing a magnificent
monument of “Anglo Saxon Energy f we believe
that is the cant phrase. Nearer true would it be
to say, a monument of the enterprise of a people
taught by the Bible only, and fettered by no
bond not recognised by, and ruled by no law no}
based upon that book. It is within the memory
of men now living and acting, that the site of this
great city was owned by a poor farmer, (poor
comparatively.) and sold for a sum, and
now, how shall we describe her ? We will only
do so much toward it, as to mention some facts
relating to her book trade.
The aggregate amount of issues in Cincinnati
is estimated at $1,000,000 per annum. There
are three stereotyping establishments, fifteen
power presses running constantly upon book
work, one entirely upon German publications.
The whole number of power presses in the city,
book, news and job, is 29, and the first one was
erected in 1834. There are ten book-binderies,
four of them large establishments, employing
many hands. There are six large publishing
houses whose annual business is probably
$150,000 each. One house issues school books
only, one of these about 700,000 copies per year,
of which they send 100,000 to the east on sale,
and in addition, they have duplicate plates in
New York for some of the most celebrated, and
from these plates, large editions are struck, to
meet the demand in the middle States. This is
the firm of Win. B. Smith & Cos.
J. A. &. U. I*. James, carry on, in connection
with their book-publishing and selling, a printing
office, book-bindery, printing ink manufactory,
and stereotyping operations. They employ
about 130 hands, and among other elegant is
sues, (to mention one as a sample “brick,”) they
have published an edition of Gibbon in 2 vols.,
imperial 8 vo. 1073 pages, the only edition ever
issued in the United States. Os one school se
ries, Lyman Cobb’s, they print for the publish
ers, about 200,000 copies per annum. Many
other houses might be mentioned. We will on
ly add a word about musical publications. About
s,O6‘o’copies of Mason’s Harp, and 10,000 ot the
Missouri Harmony are published yearly.
H. W. Deeby & Cos., publish Law Books ex
tensively. They are now engaged on the heav
iest work ever attempted in the West, viz: the
Kentucky Reports, to be finished in - 23 volumes
making P 6,000 pages. The establishment of
11. W. D. & Cos. is inferior to none in the United
States for completeness and system, and to few
in size. All standard works in the various bran- j
ches of literature can be obtained here, together
with the current issues of the American press,
importations from England and the continent,
and stationery of all kinds. It has an elegance
in the look and a taste in all its appointments
which is equalled by nothing of the kind in this
country, and (say travellers) unsurpassed in Eu
rope. So much for the trade of Cincinnati, which
although so extensive, is but a beginning of what j
is to be ; it is, as it were, but the broad and well i
laid foundation of the plan, for supplying the j
boundless regions of the Mississippi valley, and 1
the Northwest, with that knowledge which is j
“Power,” and with which, the inhabitants shalj j
be made mighty to pull down error and super, j
stition, and able to shelter and succor the op
pressed myriads of less favored lands. We j
would not omit to mention here the great work
of the American Bible Society, issuing yearly be
tween 6 and 700,000 Bibles and Testaments, and
this in a style inferior to the issues ot no house
in the country. Indeed, one of their Bibles may ]
be instantly known by the matchless clearness !
of the type, and the immaculate whiteness and
polish of the paper. This society receives year
: ly near $300,000, to enable it to issue the Bibles |
and Testaments at the cost of manufacture, or j
i gratuitously, where those in need are not able to j
| buy. There are eight steam power presses in !
the Printing House, constantly running with )
I such velocity, that 13 impressions are made ev- j
: ery minute, or 780 in an hour; and this is done j
j on presses of a size large enough to print at each |
impression forty pages of a duodecimo Bible, j
I These Bibles are printed in many languages, and j
! distributed either by grant or sale, through al- (
j most all parts of the world.
The American Tract Society also receives
| nearly $300,000, which is expended in furnish-
I ing at cost or gratuitously, their extensive cata- |
I logue of evangelical literature. Every book is-
I sued from the Publishing House is faultless in
type and paper, and many of them are profused
iy illustrated, with sometimes steel, but mostly
wood engravings, and these engravings are from
designs for the Society, bv the ablest artists of
our country, and in conception and execution
are all exquisitely fine, and are now far superior
to the finest plate engravings which went to
make up the attractions of costly illustrated
books twenty-five or thirty years ago. This so
ciety has, since its organization, thrown into cir
culation, not less than 4,000,000 of volumes. A
few may be well mentioned. Baxter’s call to
the unconverted, 25,000 copies; Baxter’s Saint’s
rest, 120,000; Pilgrim’s Progress, 120,000;
D’Aubigne’s History of the Reformation, 44.000
i
sets; Dodderidge’s Rise and Progress, 110,000;
Sabbath Manual, 300,000 ; Gallaudet’s Scripture
Biography, 120,000 .volu mes.
But we have already said too much on this
chapter of “Books.” We will mention only the
American S. S. Union and Methodist Book con
j corn as two other huge establishments, and
leave out many which will deserve a notice, and
pass to a short chapter on Libraries in this coun
try and Europe.
PAPYRUS.
Congressional Districts.
AS AT PRESENT CONSTITUTED.
First District. —Appling, Bryan, Bulloch,Cam
den, Chatham, Clinch, Effingham, Emanuel,
Glynn, Liberty. Lowndes, Mclntosh, Montgom
ery, Scriven, Telfair, Tattnal, Thomas, Ware,
! Wayne.
Second District. —Baker, Decature, Dooly, Ear
| ly, Houston, Irwin, Lee, Macon, Marion, Musco
i gee, Pulaski, Randolph, Stewart, Sumpter.
| Third District. —Bibb, Butts, Crawford, Jas
per, Jones, Monroe, Pike, Talbot, Twiggs,Upson,
; Wilkinson.
Fourth District. —Campbell, Carroll, Coweta,
! Dekalb, Harris, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Meri
wether, Troup.
Fifth District. —Cass, Chattooga, Cherokee,
Cobb, Dade, Gordon, Floyd Forsyth, Gwinnett
Lumpkin, Murray, Walker, Paulding, Gilmer’
Union.
■ Sixth District. —Clark, Franklin. Hall, Haber
sham, Jackson, Madison, Newton, Rabun, Wal
tow.
Seventh District. —Baldwin, Greene, Hancock,
Laurens, Morgan, Oglethorge, Putman, Taliafer
ro, Washington.
Eighth District. —Burke, Columbia, Elbert,
■ Jefferson, Lincoln, Warren, Wilkes.
SENATORIAL DISTRICTS.
As altered at the last Session of the Legislature.
23 Warren and Taliferro.
24 Hancock & Baldwin.
25 Putman it Jasper.
26 Monroe & Bibb.
27 Crawford Upson.
28 Meriwether it Talbot.
29 Heard it Carroll.
30 Campbell &. Coweta.
31 Fayette and DeKalb.
32 Butts and Pike.
33 Newton and Henry.
34 Morgan and Greene.
35 Lincoln and Wilke l ".
36 Frar.kling and Madison.
37 Oglethorpe and Elbert.
38 Clarke ami Walton.
39 Gwinnett <fc Forsyth.
10 Paulding, Cass and Gor
don.
11 Cherokee and Cobb.
42 Hall and Jackson.
43 Habersham and Rabun.
44 Lumpkin and Union.
45 Gilmer and Murray.
46 Dade and Walker.
47 Flovd and Cattooga.
I ’
1 Chatham.
2 Liberty and Tattnal,
3 Mclntosh it Glynn.
4 Wayne & Camden.
5 Ware, Lowdes &
Clinch.
6 Appling &. Montgo
mery.
7 Bulloch and Scriven.
I 8 Effingham & Bryan.
! 9 Burke and Jefferson,
j 10 Laurens and Wilkin -
j son.
I 11 Telfair and Irwin,
i 12 Decatur it Thomas.
13 Early and Randolph.
14 Steward and Musco
gee.
15 Lee and Baker.
j 16 Troup and Harris,
j 17 Houston and Pulaski,
j 18 Marion and Macon,
j 19 Dooly and Sumter.
| 20 Twiggs and Jone- 1 .
: 21 Washington and E
manuel.
j 22 Richmond and Co- |
j lumbia. I
Women's Convention.— A curious convention
! has just come oil’ in Ohio. It was neither more
i nor less than an assemblage of some four or five
j hundred women, at Salem, in that State, the call
i for which we noticed some time ago. The as- ;
| semblage was regularly organized, with presi
! dents, vice presidents and secreteries, and their
! business was conducted in the usual manner. !
!It was exclusively a woman’s convention. Men i
| took no part in it, but there was a large crowd i
| oflistners of the coarser sex present. The ob- (
i ject of the assemblage was to make an effort to i
| secure for themselves equal right with men in en- j
i acting and administering the laws by which they
i are to be governed. Many eloquent addressee
| were delivered, and a list of 22 resolutions was
adopted, settingforth their grit vances and the civ
il and political rights they think themselves enti
tled to. The following will give some idea of
: the nature and extent of the claims of the Ohio j
! women.”
Resolved, That all rights are human rights,
I and pertain to human beings, without distinction
| of sex; therefore justice demands that all laws
i shall lie made, not for man, nor for woman, but
for mankind, and that the same legal protection j
! be atlbrded to the one sex as to the other.-
Resolved, That we, as human beings, are en- j
titled to claim and exercise all rhe rights that be- i
j long by natu-te to any member of the human fam-
I ily.
Resolved, That all distinctions between men j
; and women in regard to social, literary, pecunia
ry, religious o: p< liticim customs and n t tution'.
based on a distinction of sex. are contrary to the j
laws and of nature, unjust, and destructive to the ;
purity, elevation and progress m knowledge and i
goodness of the great human family, and ought j
to be at once and forever abolished.
An address was adopted by the body, to the !
constitutional convention, about to assemble in i
Columbus, demanding, that in the new State
constitution, about to be formed, “Women shall
be secured not only the rights of suffrage, but
all the political and legal rights that are guaran
tied to men.”-— Mobile Register.
What would our Ohio friends think of a chief
Justice tvho was “as well as could be expected,”
or a general on the eve of battle with a pair of
“thriving twins I”- 1
Corre-pondence of the Baltimore Sun.
Washington, May 10, 1850,
The Compromise Scheme—lts Prospects —•
Northern and Southern Opposition—‘Cab
inet Doomed—The Galphin Committee —
Board of Claims, dfc.
I am happy to state that the prospect of
; the adoption of a scheme of compromise by
the Senate h now very fair. The number of
j Southern opponents of the scheme will be
1 ultimately reduced to seven or eight, and the
i number of its supporters from the nonslavc
■( holding States will be rather greater than
some votes on the question, taken in reference
to the raising of the committee, seemed to in
dicate.
The scheme, as a wliol r commends itself
to the good sense and patriotism of the country
and the popular feeling, North and South,
; will be in its favor. Mr. Clay is still sanguine
of its complete success; and no objections to
it have yet been urged that are insuperable.
It would have been well had the State of
California restricted herself to more modest
: boundaries—but she took natural and con
| venient boundaries. Suppose she had taker?
all the Southern boundary of 36 30, the result
I would be, perhaps, the admission of two new
I non-slave-holding States form the Pacific’
; borders, instead of one. I can find ng
ground for the opinion that the portibiv pf Cul u
ifornia South of thirty-six thirty, will be a
\ slave holding, country, should it be separated
! from the State of California and a territorial 1
I government established over it. In line, this
| ground of opposition to the compromise is of
1 itself too narrow to be successfully maintiaiedf.
There is only one reason why the South
i should, at least, abstain from voting for the
! Compromise, and that in a sectional reason.
‘The Southern men are entitled to demand that
the Northern men shall vote for a eompomiso
w hich gives the North all that it demands—
j w hich gives to it the kernel and to the South
the shell, as has been properly said. No good
j reason can be given why the w hole respon*
. sibility ol passing this compromise scheme
should rest upon the South. In the House of
Representatives no Northern whig w ill go for
it and unless every Southern member will
support it the scheme must, forsooth, fail. I
hope vet to see the compromise passed bv
Northern men, and by Northern wliigs as well
as democrats. ‘Those Southern men who are
j now arrayed against it w ill, it is to be hoped,
j g° so tar as to offer their support, w hich those
I for whose benefit it is especially made shall
| also support it.
After what the Republic has repeatedly stated,
in reference to the Cabinet, no one can under
take to say that it is not doomed. It jg almost
time to beg a lock of their hair.
The Galphin committee, according to rumor,
was to report to-day, if ready. It is rumored
that the committee are divided, five to four the
| minority being in favor of exonerating all par
i ties from blame in the matter. The minority of
! four are Whigs. Four Democrats condemn the
; whole transaction out and out. Mr. Burt makes
a separate report, and partially censures the
transaction.
The committee on the Benton and Foote affair
have suspended operations in consequence of
their Chairman, Mr. Pearce. The scope of in
quiry was so enlarged as to embrace questions
leading to the difficulty.
From all quarters the establishing a boasrrj of
claims is receiving commendation. The House
will probably concur with the Senate. Even, as aa
experiment, it is worth the trial. Ton..
Awful Tragedy. —The Wilmington (Del.)
| Gazette gives an account of the murder, on the
■ 2d inst., of his wife, by Capt John Windsor, at
! Middleford, Sussex count} , Del. He deliberate
| ly shot her with a horse pistol, and then himself
took laudnum, which, only vomiting him, he at
tempted also to shoot himself, but was prevent
ed. The cause of the act was jealousy (said to
be groundless) of Alexander Osborn, whom he
also had declared his intention to kill. Windsor
is about seventy years ol age, and had recently
married a young wife, not nefw above twenty
five. The murderer was arrested.
Large Appropriation for- Missions. —Tlie
: Managers of the Methodist Missionary So*ety
; at the meeting in New York on the 3d, inst., de
: termined that the appropriations for 1850, should
; be $150,000, viz: For missions in foreign fields,
j $64,200 ; for Missions in domestic work, sßs,Boo.
1 he annual report of the Presbyterian Board of
Foreign Missions, just made at ’the meeting in
New \ ork, states the income of the year was
$126,013 17 ; and the expenditures $124,838 12
leaving the treasury free of debt.
A 1 negro woman was relating her experience
to a gaping congregation of her own color;
among other things, she said she had been to
heaven. One of the brethren asked her—‘Sis
i ter, you see any black folks in heaven ?” She
! replied: ‘Oh, go out—spose Igo in the kitchen
when I was dar !”
“Oh, what trials a poor widow has to go
through with,” sighed Mrs. Partington, rock
ing herself, in a sad and very melancholy
wav, and holding untasted, the morsel of
Maccaboy between her thumb and fingers,
“terrible trials; and oh, what a hardship to
be the executioner to an intestine estate,
where enviable people are trying every way
to overcome the widow’s might; where it's
probe it, probe it, pfffbe it, probe it all the
tiinc, and the more you probe it the worse it
seems. The poor woman never gets justice,
for it she gets all, she don’t get half enough.-
I have had one trial of it, and if I ever mar
ry again, I’ll make my pretended husbamF
fabricate his will before he orders his wed
ding cake—l’ll take my time by the foretop,
as bolotnon says.” Bhe here received a lit
tle, and the subtle powder passed to its des
tination and reported itself‘‘home” in an em
phatic sneeze.
CHEERING NEWS FOR THE SICK.
Whitesville, - N-. Y., July ID, 1848.
Mr. Seth W. Foyle: Dear Sir—-It is with pleasure I
write you this certificate, stating iny experience in the
use ot Dr. Wistaria Balsam of Wild Cherry. In No
vember last I was taken with a severe cough. My lungs
were much affected, so much that it was with difficulty
I could breathe. Hearing of your Balsam, I procured
and took part of one bottle; and to my astonishment
my lungs were freed and my cough cured. I a*n hap
py to recommend this Balsam of Wild Cherry to the
public as one of the best medicines for coughs and colds
I ever used. W.M. SWIFT.
Now this preparation is well known to be a more cer
tain cure for incipient Consumption, Asthma, Liver Com
plaint, Coughs, Bronchitis, and all similar affections,-
than any other remedy ever known, there will be, and
now are found those so villanously wicked as to con
coct a spurious, and perhaps poisonous mixture, and try
to palm it off as the genuine We raise no
false alarm. We advise the public of these schemes,
that their health may not be trifled with, nor ourselves
plundered of our just rights.
The genuine and original Dr. Wistaria Balsam of
Wild Cherry, on account of it- 1 great popularity, has
been extensively counterfeited in Philadelphia, and some
thousand bottles of the spurious imitation thrown into
the market and extensively circulated.
None genuine, unless signed I. BUTTS on the
wrapper.
For sale by Dr. R. A. Ware, and Danforth & Nagel,
Columbus ; J. A. it S. S. Virgins, Macon; Sr Ken
drick, Bamesville, Bowdre & Woodson, Thomas ton,
and Agents everywhere.
w—p—————— wmmm ——■
COMMERCIAL.
CORRECTED BY RUSE, PATTEN, & BRICE.
COLUMBUS, Ga. May 11, 1850.
Stock on hand, Sept. 1,... —.. .. ..... 516
Received this week,..., 213
Received previously, - - -53904
59633
Shipped this week, 1284
Shipped previously, 51513
Stock on hand, GBo§