Newspaper Page Text
Columbus*, (Ga.) Nov. 23, 1850.
The Nashville Convention.
This body adjourned on the 18th inst.
after passing strong Southern Resolutions,
denouncing the late Compromise as unjust to
the South, and recommending a General Con
vention of all the Southern States, to maintain
the rights of the South, and if possible, pre
serve the Union.
[From the Macon (Ga.) Telegraph.]
oOur fellow citizen, Mr. Willis 11.
Hughes, lias just returned from his unsuccess
ful effort to recapture the Fugitive slaves from
this city; and below will be found bis state
ment of the attending circumstances. AV e
are assured by Mr. Hughes, that the diflicul
ties and dangers which attend all efforts of
this character aro absolutely incredible, and
the indignation, abuse and injustice heaped
upon him have no parallel in this Govern
ment; and that he, a free born citizen, did not
receive either the courtesy or legal protection
extended to the poorest slave in Georgia.
But wo have no time for comments. His
statement will speak for itself. Read, ponder,
and digest it, citizens of Georgia :
Mr. Hughes’ Statement.
I arrived in Boston on Saturday, the 19th
of October, and kept concealed in my room
until Monday, the 21 st. During this time, I
ascertained that Bill and Ellen had not left
Boston, as had been reported. I then called
to see Mr. Shewers, (an attorney to whom I
had a letter from Mr. Fay, of Savannah.)
lie was absent from town and I did not seo
him. On the next day, I called on Judge
Levi Woodbury, and stated that I wanted a
warrant for the arrest of two fugitive slaves.
He stated that he was not the proper person
to issue it. I asked him to tell me who was
the proper person to issue such warrants.
He stated, lie would recommend me to go to
Mr. Lunt, U. S. District Attorney. I called
on Air. Lunt, who stated that he had agreed
to take a case of this kind before, and that it
was an unpleasant business, and created a
great deal of excitement, and he would not
take another case of the kind. lam inclined
to think this statement of Air. Lunt a mere
pretext to evade responsibility. I was unable
to learn that there was any such case ever in
existence. I asked him to inform me who
was the proper person to apply to. Me re
commended me to Mr. Benj. F. Ilallett, U.
8. Commissioner. I called at Air. If.’s office
and he was not at homo. I then called at 11
o’clock at night, at his residence, and stated
to him my business, and asked him for a war
rant —saying, that if I could get a warrant,
I could have the negroes arrested. He said
the law did not authorize a warrant to be is
sued—that it was my duty to go and arrest
the negro without a warrant, and bring him
before him. 1 stated to him, that this was
requiring an impossibility under the state of
things, and that that was not my construc
tion of tho law, and showed him a copy of
the law.
After looking at the law, he said he would
consider of it, and give me an answer next
morning at 9 o’clock. 1 applied next day at
9 o’clock. He then stated he had considered
of it, and that it uas not his business to ad
vise me what course to take. But if I would
make out my charges in a legal form, and
come before him, he would hear me. 1 then
went to Mr. Thayer, (a merchant, to whom 1
had a letter.) 1 told Mr. Thayer I wanted an
attorney. He got a friend who went to see
Mr. Seth J. Thomas, an attorney, who agreed
to take charge of the case. Mr. Thomas
was engaged and called on Judge Sprague
for a warrant. This Judge equivocated, and
shuffled like the others had done.
110 then called on Mr. Curtis, a United
States Commissioner. He wanted time like
the others, to consider, and requested us to
call at 4 o’clock, P. M., which we did, and he
then stated that, they had agreed to have a
meeting of the six Commissioners and the
two Judges, namely, Woodbury and Sprague,
that night. They held that meeting, and de
cided, that tho Judges should hear my com
plaint next morning in Chambers. I was
then required to go into Court and make my
complaint, when they ordered the warrant to
be issued in open Court, which the Clerk did.
By this time it was known all over Boston,
that the warrant was issued, and who for, and
who applied for it. About the time the war
rant was issued, a man, apparently of re
spectability and influence, was on a dry goods’
box speaking to tho crowd—advising tho
negroes and their friends to arm themselves
with Bowie knives, pistols and dirks, and re
sist the law unto death—that if it was a law
of tho United States, it was in direct viola
tion of the law of God, and ought to he re
sisted at all hazards, and advised them to
shoot down all slave catchers from the South. j
The warrant was then placed in tho Alar- \
slial’s hands—l told him I was ready to go j
and point out the negroes to him. He said
that there was a question whether ho could
break the door of Bill’s Shop, where he un- j
derstood he was, locked up. He took the !
balance of that day to settle that question.—
I called next morning and told him 1 was
again ready to go. lie then said it was re
ported that Bill, (whom he called Mr. Crafts,)
had lett town, and he had a man on the look
out, and we must wait for him to report. I
also had a man on the same business. I call
ed on the Marshal again in the afternoon. Ho
said his man reported that Bill was not there.
1 then stated that my man reported that Bill
was there. He said my man was mistaken,
for his man was reliable and could not l>e !
mistaken.
The next day my attorney went to see >
the Marshal, who stated to him that he
was ready to go with me alone. I imme
diately went to him and proposed to pro- j
coed at once. lie then said, it was a dis- j
ficult matter, and he would have to get a j
large force, some twenty or thirty men.—
He had made this same excuse before. At
dinner time, this day, my eighth day in Bos
ton, Air. Knight and myself were both arrest
ed under a bail writ, in the penalty of
810,000, for slandering Crafts, alleging that
we had charged him with stealing his body
and clothes. This consumed the balance of
this da v.
On Monday following, we wore both again
arrested under bail of 810,000 each, for
damaging “one M illiam Crafts” in his busi
ness. The excitement kept increasing. We
were then carried to the sheriff’s office.
By the time we gave bond, the sidewalks
and streets were crowded with abolitionists,
negroes, kc. The account given of the car
riage scene from the sheriff's office, as
given by the Chromotype, Daily Mail, Post
and Journal, of that city, is correct. We
then went to tho hotel to tea. About tea
time, we were both again arrested for sland
ering Ellen Crafts, and held to bail in 820,-
000 each.
When arrested the sheriff told me I must
go with him to his office and give bond—l
told him I could give bond at my hotel bv
j sending for my securities —that it I vent to
] his office it would collect the mob again,
| a nd that they had already insulted me as
much as I could bear, and I wanted to avoid a
’ recurrence of similar contacts, lhe sheriff,
: however, still persisted, and required me to
tro. We started, but soon met my lawyer,
who said that* one of my securities was on
his way, and told the sheriff that wo should
not go to lift office, ns the bond could be giv
en sooner by not going. ‘I he bond
| then given for 820,000.
The next day, 1 learned that the mob had
collected the night before at the sheriff’s of
fice, as I had supposed, and that among oth
er tilings said and done there, while they were
uu the lookout for me, a negro was there oa
horse-back charging and swearing that ho
would be the first man to shoot Hughes when
!he made his appearance. On the same day, I
went to see the Marshal, to know if he had
Sfot further information. He said ho had
not.
My attorney then advised mo to go to
New York for a few days, for tho purpose of
.allayingtho excitement, which had become
too furious he thought to admit of any su*-
eoss. I prepared to leave that eveainjr,
which becoming public, a large #rowd col
lected at my hotel for tho purpose of insult
ing me. I therefore concluded not to go
that evening. Before 6 o’clock next morn
! ing, when 1 expected to leave, they were
around the house again in great numbers,
with the Rev. Theodore Barker at their
head, knocking for admittance at my door.
I admitted Mr. Parker. He said he had come
to give me a piece of friendly advice—that
he had kept the mob off of me for two days,
and was afraid he could not do it any longer.
I told him that I understood he was a minister
of the gospel and a great advocate of mor
als—in favor of people’s obeying the laws —
hut was sorry to find myself mistaken, and
wanted him to leave—that I was not going to
leave under any such threats, and that 1 was
determined not to go then; the crowd dis
persed shortly afterwards, and after trans
’ acting some business, I left at 2 o’clock,
P. Al., for New York.
After being in New York for several
days, I learned that Bill and Ellen Iwul
positively left for England.
There were live warrants (besides the oaoofl
| named) issued against me, all for tho purpose
of harassing me and driving me away : One
i for “smoking in the streets,” one for “swear
ing in the streets,” (which was not the fact,)
| one for “carrying concealed weapons,” one
for “driving fast through the streets,” and an
; other for “passing Cambridge Bridge without
paying toll,” (which was not true.)
So far as I had any dealings with those who
; thus endeavored to obstruct tho law and har
j rnss me, or had a chance of ascertaining their
; position, I would say that they were of tlu;
highest standing, socially and politically, in
! the community. A* an instance, Francis
Jackson, who refused to take Knight’* baud,
was a candidate for Congress ; Mr. Charles
Sumner, one of tho U. S. Commissioners |
Rev. Theodore Parker; Air. List, an eminent
lawyer; Dr. Hanson; Rev. Dr. Channing j
Mr. Charles Bowdige and others, who inter
ested themselves in preventing us from ar
resting Crafts, are all abolitionists. As to tho
friends we met in Boston, I want to say that I
found Air. Hamilton Willis, (a broker,) a true
j friend, and feel under many obligations to
him. There wero also Mr. Thayer; Mr.
Thomas, my attorney; Mr. Patrick Riley,
one of “the deputy marshals ; Air. D. Draper;
Mr. Freeman, a deputy sheriff; the Proprie
tors of tho U. S. Hotel, their clerks and serv
ants, and a Mr. Ladd. To all these gentle
men I am under great obligations for their
kindness.
In reference to the abolition sentiment in
Boston, I would state this circumstance: All
the time tho excitement was going on about
me, there was no protection of the city au
thorities offered me, and none turned out in
my favor. But when George Thompson, the
English abolition lecturer, was expected and
a meeting was announced to receive him, it
was rumored that a mob might assemble on
his reception, and the Mayor instantly ordered
out the city officers to attend and suppress any
mob —showing that the city authorities wero
disposed to give protection to an abolitionist,
which they had withheld from me while en
gaged in my lawful business; and my opinion
I is, if wo had succeeded in arresting the ne
groes, that they would havo been rescued bv
the citizens.
In conclusion, to give a full history of my
visit to Boston would occupy too much time
and patience. I will therefore conclude by
saying, that I went to Boston as an agent to
execute a lawful trust, thinking I should be
protected and assisted by the laws of my
•ountry. But on the contrary', from the first,
the laws of the country, isstead of proving a
protection, were made an engine of cruelty,
oppression, injustice and abuse; so that my
life was constantly endangered ; and this
without tho first offer of assistance from Gov
ernment—national, State, or city. I feel that
! every man who has a Southern heart beating
in his bosom, and would maintain tho honor
of his country, should sustain the Southern
j Rights Cause, by every Constitutional meas
i ure, until our rights aro acknowledged and
justice is obtained.
AYILLIS H. HUGHES.
Macon, (Ga.) Nov. 21, 1850.
MISSISSIPPI.
The Legislature of this State assembled
on the 19th inst. The Hon. John J. Guion
(anti-compromise whig) was elected Presi
dent of the Senate. The Hon. John Mcßae
(anti-comp, democrat) took the chair as
speaker. Seventy members answered to
their names. At 12 o’clock AI., Gov. Quit
man sent in his message. It is written with
great vigor and ability. He thus alludes to
the fearful progress of the anti-slavery ele
ment:
“This hostility to slavery has now become
the all-absorbing, all-controlling element of
political action and party movement, both in
Congress and throughout the Northern States.
Political parties unite, separate, and are mo
dified with reference to it. Political platforms
are built upon it. It is the main question in
the selection of candidates for all offices. It
is the active element of religious, benevolent,
charitable, and even literary associations, and
the.spice which seasons private society. The
Constitution of the United States, the rights
of the States, the gravest questions of public
policy, all are construed and determined with
reference to this question of domestic slave
ry; and the Congress of the United States,
whose powers are limited mainly to the regu
lation of national and external objects, are
now found devoting nearly all their time to
subjects of a domestic nature, over which it
was never intended that they should exercise
jurisdiction.”
He next points out briefly, but clearly, the
iujustice done to the South by the recent le
gislation of Congress, and shows that even
the strong barriers of the Constitution have
fallen , one by one, before the march of North
ern encroachment and fanaticism. In the.
following eloquent passages he shows that |
the South has nothing to hope from the lu- ;
ture:
“The limits of a Message do not permit
me to detail other measures which have justly
caused alarm and excitement in the South;
for, however some of our own people may,
from anxiety to allay excitement, seek to
excuse these measures, there are few whose
breasts are not filled with a dread ot the dan
gers which from these quarters lower in the
horizon of the future. In my opinion it
would be weak, timid and disastrous policy
to shut our eyes to these dangers—ri is the
part of wisdom to Ineet them. Let us, then,
survey our position and that of our oppo
nents.
“There is nothing to encourage the hope
that there will be any respite from aggres
sion. Never has hostility to slavery been
more distinctly marked or more openly assert
ed. Shades of difference in opinion may
distinguish Northern statesmen, but all unite
in stern opposition to the extension of slavery,
and in declarations of their fixed determina
tion to confine it to its present limits, and for
ever to close the public territory against us.
“The North has just triumphed in every
claim she has asserted; and yet, at this mo
ment of our humiliation, their people, less
patient than we, are in a blaze of excite
ment at every attempt to execute the bill to
secure the return of fugitive slaves. This
plain compliance with one of the clearest
injunctions of the Constitution is not only
disregarded, but conventions of both political
parties, torinal meetings of the people, and
deliberate addresses of distinguished men
openly take ground, that being against the
public sentiment of the people of the North,
it should not be executed; and persons of all
classes, with n pliancy of conscience which
characterizes abolition philosophy, adapt their
moral code and their constitutional duties, to
their prejudices and their interests.
“Such, then, is the triumphant attitude of
anti-slavery. It now controls the entire Go
vernment. No questions arise in which it
does not intermingle. And wherever it ex
hibits itself, it controls all other subjects.
Every great interest in this Government is
! now directed and managed by it. It has bro
ken and sundered the strong ties which bound
together the religious denominations North
and South. It lias even now severed the
bonds which for sixty years have united par
ties, and in the place, it has sown the seeds
of hostility and hatred. It now stands the
stern, unyielding despot, consigning to the
bed of Procrustes every object whose fitness
is questioned.”
Gov. Quitman then declares that as things
now exist and are going on, the institution of
slavery must perish:
“What is to be the fate of the institution
of domestic slavery under such Government?
tills great interest, with which the civilization
and refinement of man on earth is connected,
upon which so much of the trade and com
merce between Europe and America depends,
which employs the labor of millions and dis
tributes the comforts of civilization to so
many families—this great social interest up
on which are founded the prosperity, the hap
piness and the very existence of the people
of fourteen States of this Union? What is
to he the fate of this institution? If left to
the tender mercies of the Federal Govern
ment its fate is doomed. With the prejudices
of the age against it, it requires for its kiiul
development a fostering Government over it.
It could scarcely subsist without such pro
tection. llow, then, can it exist, much less
flourish and prosper, under a Government
hostile to it? A Government organized upon
principles of hostility and opposition to the
institution? Is it proper? Is it philosophic?
Is it not absurd, to entrust the prosperity, the
protection, and even the existence of a great
and delicate interest to a political power hav
ing its origin in and drawing its vigor from
the very element of hostility to this interest?
“To state the proposition clearly: The Go
vernment of the United States is now hostile
to slavery. It will hereafter be selected with
reference to its hostility to this interest, and
its activity in the use of doing injury. If this
great and vital interest, then, remains subject
to the government and control of its enemy,
it must perish ! Sooner or later, I repeat,
it must perish.”
The Governor then states that in view of
the dangers that menace the State, its sover
eignty, constitutional rights and institutions,
he felt called on to convene tho Legislature,
and then proceeds to say:
“To devise and carry into effect the best
means of redress for the past, and to obtain
certain security for the future, I recommend
that a legal convention of the people of the
State should ho called, with full and ample
powers to take into consideration our Federal
relations, the aggressions which have been,
committed upon the rights of the Southern
States, the dangers which threaten our domes
tic institutions, and all kindred subjects ; and
jointly with other States, or separately, to
adopt such measures as may best comport
with the dignity and safety of the States, and
effectually correct tho evils complained of.
A Convention thus assembled, and represent
ing the sovereignty of the State, would of
course possess plenary powers, uncontrolled
by any instructions or restrictions which the
Legislature might interpose.
“When I reflect upon the pertinacity with
which the assaults upon our rights have been
for years prosecuted, the evident increase of
anti-slavery sentiments at the North, and the
excitement there pervading nearly all classes
against the law to provide for the extradition
ot fugitive slaves, l have little hope left that
these guarantees, indispensably necessary to
our safety, will be yielded by a majority, flush
ed with recent victories, and encouraged by
apparent divisions among ourselves. Yet, to
leave no effort at conciliation untried, and still
further to unite with us those of our own peo
ple who still look for a returning sense of
justice in the North, let the propositions he
distinctly made to the people of the non
slaveholding States, to remedy the wrong so
far as it may be in the power of Congress to
do so, by obtaining from California conces
sions south of 30 deg. 30 min., or otherwise;
and to consent to such amendments of the
Federal Constitution, as shall hereafter amp
ly secure the rights of the slaveholding States
from misconstruction, and from further ag
gressions.
“But, in the event of refusal, I do not hesi
tate to express my decided opinion, that the
only effectual remedy for evils which must con
tinue to grow from }'ear to year, is to be found
in the prompt and peaceable secession of
the aggrieved States.
“The probability of the ultimate necessity
of a resort to this effective and unquestion
able right of sovereign States, should be
kept in view, whatever measures may be ad
opted by this State, either alone, or in con
cert with her sister States, to remedy existing
evils. In the meantime, and as early as
practicable, it is of the highest importance
that some common centre of opinion and ac
tion should be authoritatively established. —
This may be effected by the conventions of
the several assenting States providing for the
organization, and subsequent frequent period
ical appointment or election of a committee
of safety for each State, to consist of a num
ber equal to their Senators and Representa
tives in Cengress. These committees, whose
duty it should be, periodically to assemble at
some central point for the transaction of bu
siness, should be invested with adequate pow
ers, absolute or contingent, to act for their
respective States, upon all questions connect
ed with the preservation and protection of
their domestic institutions, and their equal
rights as sovereign States. Such a body of
men, even if clothed with the authority of
but two or three States, would command re
spect, and secure quiet and peaceful results to
their determinations.
“I have thus ventured to present some sug
gestions, for which lain alone responsible.—
Tlnw may he modified or changed by the re
sult of the Nashville Convention nowin ses
| sion, and the action of the Georgia Conven
; tion, which will shortly meet for the purpose
j of taking the same important question into
consideration.
*******
“The very important and vital character of
the questions which are forced upon our con
sideration, has led me to look solely to reme
dies, not merely palliative, but effectual and
permanent. There may be some temporary
remedial measures within the power of the
Legislature. If such can be devised, it will
1 give me great pleasure to co-operate with
you in their application.”
[From the Saturday Gazette.]
The Tea Culture.
We h •ive received the following letter, on
the subject of tea culture in the United
i States, from Junius Smith, Esq., the pioneer
in naturalizing this valuable Chinese plant in
our country:
Golden Grove Tea Plantation, )
Greenville, S. C., Oct. 2, 1850. )
Messrs. Editors : The cultivation of the
j Tea Plant in this country is in its infancy.—
i The incredulity of many, who consider that
j any thing which has not been established,
never can be, is no detriment to anew un
dertaking. On the contrary, it gives birth
to greater caution and the expediency of ex
perimental evidence at every step. The on
ly apparent disadvantage springing from this
safe and satisfactory manner of proceeding
is the delay which occurs in reaching the
main point. But to know absolutely, by ev
idence which cannot be controverted, that
your project is beyond the hazard of a failure,
throws all querulous argument and fanciful
conjecture to the winds. I have now been
occupied three years in my present pursuit,
and must be a blockhead not to have learn
ed something by a steady devotion, for so
long a time, to one object.
The tea plant is siow in i?s growth, but
when once well rooted in a congenial soil
and suitable climate, no plant with which I
am acquainted gives less trouble, or requires
less attention in its cultivation. The cotton
plant demands far more labor than the tea
plant, seeing it is of annual growth ; where
as, the tea plant, once established, stands for
twenty years without replanting. The crop
never fails; if any leaf of any shrub vege
tates, the leaf of the tea plant is sure to be one ;
nor does the amount of annual produce ma
terially vary—some difference will arise from
difference of season. The first tea plants 1
put out in a hard, arid, rugged soil, in 1848,
in my one acre experimental tea garden, in
the village of Greenville, are now fine sturdy
plants, requiring so little attention, that I do
not even visit them ol’tener than once in three
weeks. Aly present plantation, upon a more
extended scale, occupies my time and atten
tion. Preparing the land, putting out plants,
and planting a good supply of tea nuts,
gives me full and most agreeable employment.
It is to me a source of constant delight, more
especially when 1 see nuts, planted on die
sth of June last, already throwing up their
young seedlings with modest reluctance, as
if half ashamed to have left the Celestial
Empire, and afraid to commit their present
and future destiny to a stranger’s hand in a
foreign land. But they grow finely, and be
ing of the black tea species, add beauty and
variety to my tea plantation. I now have the
power and the pleasure of supplying a few for
eign plants, both green and black tea, to
those who are curious to cultivate. Seed
lings of my own growth are not sufficiently
matured to transplant safely. I have just
received from China the last package of tea
nnts expected this season ; and, reserving a
few tor those who require a supply, shall
probably finish planting this month for the
current year.
I have formed my tea beds generally 132
feet in length and five in width, each
►bed containing four rows of nuts. My
laborers prepare the land and form the beds
under my immediate direction, but every tea
nut I plant myself. During a fortnight’s dai
ly planting I have seldom felt fatigued. It
is my amusement —my hunting ground—my
exercise—my health—my delight! I hope
to resume planting in April, but with all my
exertions 1 have not been able to obtain one
quarter the quantity of nuts I require of
choice qualities. Hark! I hear the melody
of a lady’s voice—“We have heard much of
the cultivation of the ‘tea plant;’pray, sir,
when are we to sec the tea ?” A steam en
gine of a thousand horse power scarcely
moves when it begins to move, but presently
the heat increases, ’the valves open, the
steam expands, and every revolution shows
the augmentation of force and velocity, until
the mighty monarch triumphs over opposing
mountains, and rides majestic under the pres
sure of a power which nothing can resist.—
In a similar manner my tea engine works on
from small beginnings, and will, l trust, ulti- j
mately charm, delight, and gratify every tea !
loving lady in the Union.
\ T our ob’t servant,
Junius S.niTn.
Anecdote of n French Soldier.
During one of Napoleon’s memorable cam- j
paigns, a detachment of a corps, commanded i
by Davoust, occupied the island of Rugeti,
which they were suddenly ordered to evacu
ate. They embarked with such precipita
tion that they forgot one of their sentinels,
who was posted in a retired spot, and so
deeply absorbed in the perusal of a newspa
per containing an account of one of the
emperor’s splendid victories as to be totally
unconscious of their departure, After pacing
to and fro for many hours upon his post, he
lost patience, and returned to the guard-room,
which he found empty, On inquiry, he
learned with despair what had happened, and
cried,
“Alas! alas! I shall be looked upon as a
deserter; dishonored, unhappy wretch that 1
am.” i
His lamentations excited the compassion
of a tradesman, who took him to his house, |
did all in his power to console him, taught I
him to make bread, for he was a baker, and j
after some months gave him his only daugh- i
ter, Justine, in marriage. Five years after- ‘
wards a strange sail was seen to approach i
the island. The inhabitants flocked to the
beach, and soon discovered in the advancing
ship a number of soldiers, wearing the uni
form of the French army. “I am done for
now, ‘mv bread is baked,’” cried the dis
mayed husband of Justine.
An idea, however, suddenly occurred to
him, and revived his courage. He ran to
his house, slipped into his uniform, and seiz
ing his fire-lock, returned to the beach and
posted himself on sentry at the moment the
French were landing.
“Who goes there 1” he shouted in a voice
like thunder.
“Who goes there yourself?” replied one in |
the boat. “Who are you ?”
“A sentinel.”
“llow long have you boon on guard?”
“Five years,” rejoined our man.
Davoust laughed at the quaint reply, and
gave a discharge, in due form, to his involun
tary deserter. ]
Love’s Last Request.
“Farewell, farewell,” I cried. “When I
return thou’lt be my bride—till then be faith
ful, sweet, adieu, in silence oft I’ll think of
you.”
The glistening tears strained her bright
eyes—her thickening breath is choked with
i sighs—her tongue denies her bosom’s sway—
“Farewell!”—l tore myself away.
“One moment stay,” she stammered out;
as quick as thought I wheeled about.
“My angel, speak! can aught be done to
comfort thee when lam gone? I'll send thee
specimens of art from every European mart —
I’ll sketch for thee each Alpine scene, to let
thee see where I have been. A stone from
Simplon’s dreadful height shall gratify thy
curious sight. I’ll climb the fiery Etna’s
side to bring home treasures to my bride;
and oh, my life, each ship shall bear a double
letter to my fair.”
“Ah, George,” the weeping angel said, and
on my shoulder fell her head—“ For con
stancy my tears are hostage —but when you
write please pay the postage.”
Interesting Facts.
Why have white veils a tendency to pro
mote sun-burn and freckles?
Because they increase the power of the
sun’s light.
Why does a flannel covering keep a man
warm in winter, and ice from melting in
summer?
Because it both prevents the passage of
heat from the man, and to the ice.
Why does a person with a cold in the
head, catarrh from the eyes and nose, expe
rience more relief on applying to the face a
linen or cambric handkerchief, than one made
of cotton?
Because the linen, by conducting, readily
absorbs the heat and diminishes the inflam
mation, while the latter, by refusing to give
passage to the heat, increases the tempera
ture and the pain.
Why is loose clothing warmer than such
j as fits close?
Because the quantity of imperfectly con
ducting air thus confined around the body,
resists the escape of the animal heat.
SOUTHERN SENTINEL.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA:
; THURSDAY MORNING, NOV. 28, 1850.
JIT Mr. JOHN’ It. SLATON is lult authorized
to act ns Agent for this paper. His receipts for sub
scriptions will be good at this office.
Jlascom's Sermons. —Mr. deGraffenried has
laid on our table a copy of this valuable work. The
recent death of this eminent divine, gives additional
interest to the productions of bis pen. Those who
have listened to his eloquence, will not wait to he in
vited to avail themselves of this opportunity of pur
chasing a volume embracing some of his most dis
! t.ingnished pulpit efforts.
O’ Anew paper, tri- weekly and weekly, has been
established in Montgomery, Ala., called the State
Register. The Register is “ Whig /” in politics.
O’ Anew Post Office has been established at
Centre Hill, Stewart county,Ga., and E. B. Swi.nnev,
Esq., appointed F. M.
IT We regret to learn that the Rev. Mr. Bkr
minc.iiam, who for several years has had charge of the
Catholic Church in this city, has been summoned by
his Bishop to a field of more active labors. He is re
moved to the Diocese of Charleston, S. C. Mr.
Berminciiam has been highly esteemed in this city
as a Minister, a Christian, and a gentleman.
Apology.
Onr readers do not, of course, expect us to write,
nor do they earc to read, editorials this week. The
time for talking has passed, at least for the present,
and this week will be a very acceptable breathing
spell, alike to editor and reader. Least of all should
it be expected that we had so far recovered from the
disasters of the 25th its to be able to write to-day.
The Result. *
Veni , vidi, the remainder is not applicable
just now. The battle has been fought, the smoke has
cleared up, and we have come out second best. Be
low will be found the result of the election so far
as we have heard from it. It is useless to attempt to
console ourselves for the result in this county ; we
did our best, and we have been defeated ; ves, de
feated, but not in despair. We don’t intend to stay
wliipt, and we give the victors fair notice that we in
| tend to do some of the crowing next. lime. A cause
j like ours is sure to succeed, and in the present aspect
I of affairs, the day of our triumph is not far ahead.
Southern men, don’t give up the ship! “Truth
crushed to earth will rise again.”
City. Harris'Jlalloca.Glenn's. Total.
So. Rjotits.
A. Iverson, 517 00 158 139 807
M. J. Crawford, 511 00 156 132 790
J. IT. Howard, 515 00 157 132 80-1
W. Y. Barden, 511 00 155 132 798
Submission.
N. L. Howard, 788 00 31 87 906
A. McDougald, 793 00 28 87 90S
T. Wooldridge, 773 00 32 87 892
A. C. Morton, 778 00 29 87 891
At Harris’ 10 maj. for subs.
Submission Majorities,
Talbot—2oo,
Upson—4oo.
Marion —175 reported,
Bibb—l6o.
Stewart—l2s reported.
Monroe—loo reported.
Pike—majority not known.
Richmond—majority not known,
Harris—majority not known,
Chatham—l6o,
Butts, Twiggs and Cobb, are reported to have
given Southern Rights majorities,
South Carolina, —The State census of South
Carolina gives the following as the population of tho
State: whites, 280,385, slaves, 358,714. In 1840 it
was, whites 257,117, slaves 298,115,
Tire.—The Savannah Georgian, 23d inst., says :
About a quarter past eight o’clock hist evening, a fire
broke out in a dwelling on Bay-lane, between East-
Broad and Houston streets, owned by Mrs. Mather.
The alarm was given, and our Fire Companies were
promptly on the spot, but the fire was not conquered
till after ten o’clock, and not before it bad destroyed
some twenty to twenty-five tenements. The two
blocks, bounded by Bay-lane on the north, St. Julian
street on the south, Houston street on the west, and
Broad street on the east, with the'exception of two
or three buildings on Houston and one on the corner
of Bav lane and East Broad streets, were entirely
destroyed.
A Bov Shot. —We learn from the LaGrange
Reporter that a couple of young tnen, named Jesse
Borders and Thomas .Tones, in Harris county, hav
ing gone out hunting, and finding game rather scarce,
proposed a sham fight. The engagement was exciting,
the firing frequent, and the ramrod being acciden
tally left in the gun of .Tones, was discharged into
the body of young Bordf.rs. lie died from the
wound a few days after. This is another sad warn
ing against the careless use of fire arms.
U” The lion. Richard M. Johnson died at Louis
ville on tho 19th inst.
The Fair.
Last Wednesday, Thursday and Friday were the
three gayest days we have ever seen in Columbus.
Wednesday (the 20th) was the day appointed for
the first Annual Fair of the Muscogee and Russell
Agricultural Society, and the notes of preparation
which had been heard for several days previous
about our streets, had excited general expectation of
a rich show. The rain which fell in torrents during
the preceding night, and which continued during
the forenoon of Wednesday, threatened a disappoint
ment, hut when the doors of the new Temperance
Hall, which had been fitted up for the occasion, were
thrown open, the crowd was there, ladies and gentle
men, from town and country, eager for the exhibition,
and truly it was a feast worthy of the general curiosity
which it had excited. There was not so large a collec
tion of stock or of agricultural products as we had ex
pected to see, but this was owing to the infancy of
the Association and the short notice which had been
given of the exhibition. The display of fancy arti
cles, needle-work, drawing and painting, the pro
j ducts of the dairy and of the manufacturer's skill,
| more tlir made up for what was wanting in the
other departments. The exhibition in the room de
signed forthe ladies surpassed, in brilliancy,beauty,
taste and ingenuity, any thing of the kind we had
ever seen before. We have not time to particular
ize, nor would we venture to discriminate in our no
tice, where every thing we saw was an object of ad
miration. We must say, however, that in any sort of
an cutrprise, the people of Columbus can hold their
hands with “the rest of mankind,” especially when
our ladies have any share in the undertaking.
In consequence of the indisposition of the speaker,
and tlie inclemency of the weather, the annual ora
tion was postponed to 11 o’clock, the next day, at
which time it was delivered by William 11.
Chambers. The exhibition continued during the re
mainder of Thursday, and the succeeding day was
set apart for the distribution of the premiums and
the reports of committees. On Friday morning the
throng reassembled and the premiums were awarded.
W e must, not omit to mention a part of the perform
ances which contributed very largely to the enter
tainment ; we mean the excellent singing of the
Glee Club. The first premium song, written by
Mrs. Caroline Lf.e Hentz, and the second, by Dr.
C. T. Cushman, were repeated several times to
the audience, and each time with hearty applause.—
We shall endeavor to publish in our columns both
of these admirable productions.
We have been unable to procure a list of the
Premiums awarded. We shall publish them next
week.
Cox. Quitman.
Ft is said that a writ has been issued by the Feder
al Court now in session in New Orleans, demanding
the appearance of Gov. Quitman at its bar, to under
go an examination in regard to his alleged connection
| with the late Cuba invasion. Rumor says that this
| writ lias been received in Jackson, Miss., and that the
| Governor refuses to answer the demand, and tlircat
i ens to call on the people of Mississippi for protection;
j and that Judge Giiolson, of the U. S. Court, now
in session at Jackson, declares bis determination to
use all the authority vested in him to execute the
writ. llow far its attempted execution may inter
fere with State sovereignty, and the extent to
which the people of Mississippi will sustain tlieir
Governor, are questions which may be fraught with
very grave consequences.
[communicated.]
Mississippi Semper.
Mr. Editor : For the cause of agriculture, per
mit me through your paper to call the attention of
planters to the Mississippi Scraper, which I exhibited
at our Fair, in juxtaposition with the one which ob
tained the premium. The premium plough, in its
construction and operation, was nothing more nor
less than what is familiarly known in this community
and vicinity as a east half shovel, attached to a
scooter stock. Os its merits I need not speak ;
but if it is entitled to any, I claim not only the
same for the seraper, but a vast dval more. The ad
vantages of the scraper as a labor-saving plough,
need no comment by me, as its utility has been es
tablished by men of much practical experience and
judgment.
I claim therefore for the scraper its usefulness as
such. I claim also the advantage of working the
same description of plough, with an extra bolthole,
if not the identical shovel which obtained the pre
mium, upon flic same stock; and also that of the
scooter plough ; all of which will do as good work
as ;f especially stocked for either. These statements
I frequently made during the Fair, and my im
pression is that some of the committee were pres
ent on one occasion; but in this I may be mista
ken. Ido not charge the committee on agricultural
implements with having done me intentional injus
tice, hut that it was purely an oversight, which I
feel as ready trf forgive, as it doubtless will be their ;
pleasure to admit. j
Our other city papers friendly to the interest of
agriculture, will please copy.
Respectfully, B. A. SORsBY.
Nov. 25,1850.
Minutes of Points,
Decided in the Supreme Court of the. Slate of
Georgia, at Milledgeville, Nov. Term, 1850.
Weeks vs. Sego, Adm'r — -from Richmond —l. j
When an application, by a temporary Adminis- 1
trator, for permanent letters, is refused on the
ground that the decedent died testate, an appeal !
by him is sufficient, though the heirs at law may !
not join \v|th him.
2. Upon the trial of such an appeal, the ap
plicant for letters is the moving party, and en
titled to open and conclude, where testimony is
introduced on both sides.
3. By a marriage settlement, tho wife hns
authority and power, “ with the consent and ap
probation of her trustees,” to devise the proper- j
ty secured to her.
Held, that the consent and approbation of j
the trustee is a limitation upon the power of
devising, tfnd it is essential to the validity of a
will made by the femo covert.
J. Schley, for Plaintiff in Error.
A. J. Miller, for Defendant in Error.
Kent vs. Hunter, Ex’r — -from Warren —.l.
Where a Plaintiff, after the Court below ruled
out his testimony, voluntarily preferred a non
suit, which was granted.
Held, that the Plaintiff having voluntarily
gone out of Court, a writ of error cannot be
sued out to the occasion rejecting the testimony.
Cone, for the motion.
L. Stephens, contra.
Gilmer vs. Allen—from filbert-^ rj. There is no
statutory authority in Georgia for an agent of a
claimant to give a forthcoming bond for proper
ty levied on by attachment.
2. If the declaration alleges that it was done
by an agent,.it need not aver that this authority
was under seal.
Van Dtizer. for Plaintiff
Cobb, for Defendant.
Johnson rs. the Slate—from Wilkes —l. The
fact that a Grand Juror is excused from further
attendance, does not deprive him of the right to
act as a Juror, provided it does not make the
number exceed 23.
Miller, representing Barnett, for Plaintiff.
Sol. Gen. Weems, for Defendant.
Most Shocking Murder. —We learn from
the Herald, that Maj. Milton J. Tarver, an esti
mable citizen of Macon county, was murdered
in a most cowardly manner at his own door,
about four miles from Auburn, on the night ot
the 18th instant, by a man named John Hunt.
Hunt had been in town during the day, and
on reaching home at night, he went to Maj.
Tarver’s house, and commenced a quarrel with
a Mr. White, who was in his employ. Maj.
Tarver ordered him out of his house, remarking
that he did not allow such conduct, and told
Hunt he would put him out, and in making some
effort to do so, was stabbed in the lower part of
his abdomen, which proved latal on th# eve
ning of the 20th.
Hunt was arrested in Columbus, Ga., on the
20 th.— Montgomery Advcrliser.
[From the Charleston Sun. Nov. 25.]
Meeting of the Legislature.
The Legislature of this State convenes this
day at Columbia. Matters of much importance
will be brought before that body, but as far as re
lates to the question of Southern rights, and tho
proper mode of maintaining them, there is in
the Legislative Halls, as among the people at
large, no difference of sentiment. South Caro
lina is, as she always has been on the great
Southern platform, “One and indivisible.”
Our Legislators will, however, have matters of
inferior, but not of little importance, to engage
their attention—such as the electien ot Govern
or, United States Senator, also a Chancellor and
a Judge, to supply the vacancies occasioned on
those benches by thedeatbs of Chancellor Cald
well and Judge Richardson. There are also
several other offices to be filled, the periods
of service of the present incumbents having
expired. On these subjects there will, of course,
be a difference of opinion as to the eligibility
of candidates, and we may expect active can
vassing. Columbia will, therefore, for the next
three weeks, be a place of much attraction.
Steam Packets to Europe.
The project of a line of steam packets be
tween Charleston and Liverpool has been taken
up in earnest by some of our most substantial
and public spirited citizens, and under auspices
which justify the strongest hopes of a successful
result. Facts and estimates have been furnish
ed by gentlemen of large experience and emi
nent practical ability, which demonstrate that,
as a mere pecuniary speculation, this enterprise
offers assurance of a fair remuneration, and
that without going beyond onr present abundant
materials of commerce, which now give profit
able employment to the commercial marine of a
section which devotes its gains to the support of
an embittered and systematic hostility, not only
to our prosperity, but to our very existence.—
That the effect of sttclt an enlargement of our
means of foreign trade would form anew era
in the commercial and business prospects of onr
city, we need not undertake to demonstrate. It
is manifest that within the Union steam com
munication affords the only hope of saving a
remnant of onr foreign trade from the devour
ing influence of that centralization of which the
South lias been so long tire victim. It is equally
manifest, that out of the Union, the power of the
South to maintain her independence, and give
full value to her vast resources, will be essential
ly aided by a preparation equally adapted to the
exigencies of war and peace. It would be an
assertion of our independence by a means most
effectual for maintaining it.
It is not merely, therefore, as a tempo
rary or pecuniary advantage to onr citv that
this project addresses itself to the cordial ap
proval and support of the people of South Car
olina. It has the highest public considerations
in its favor. But we do not propose to enlarge up
on these now ; we address ourselves to Charles
ton. We appeal to our merchants and our cap
italists, to consider what would the effect up
on our foreign trade of a regular, efficient, and
rapid communication with those countries of
Europe which are the greatest consumers of
our produce, and furnish us in turn with the
varied and valuable results of their manufac
turing industry. It will make Charleston the
pioneer of the South in ocean steam navigation,
as she was before the pioneer of the Union in
the application of steam to internal commwni
cation by railroads. It will confer upon our
city not only honor, but substantial superiority.
It will at once place her beyond the ready of
competition, as the great shipping market of the
South-Atlantic and Southwestern States.
It is indeed seldom that a measure is recom
mended by so many and weighty considerations.
| The advancement of our industry, and the
| protection of our institutions, and of our inde
( pendence, are all directly’and deeply interested
| in the completion of this enterprise; and we are
persuaded that our capitalists could in no way
more effectually serve the city, the State and the
South, than by giving it their united and ener
getic support. The time for the enterprise has
fully come. We trust that the men will not be
found wanting.— Charleston Mercury.
Platform of the Nashville Convention.
The following are the preamble and resolu
tions, adopted at the Nashville Convention.
On the question of their passage, the vote stood
for the Address—Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Mississippi, South Carolina, and Virginia.
Against it—Tennessee.
We, the delegates assembled from a portion
of the States of this confederacy, make this ex
position Oif the causes which have brought us
together, and of the rights which the States we
represent are entitled to under the compact of
the Union.
We have amongst us two races, marked by
such distinctions of color, and physical and
moral qualities, as forever forbid their living to
gether on terms of social and political equality.
The black race have been slaves from the
earliest settlement of our country, and our rela
tions of master and slave have grown up from
that time. A change in those relations must
end in convulsion, and the entire ruin of one or
both races.
When the constitution was adopted, this rela
tion of master and slave, as it exists, was ex
pressly recognized and guarded in that instru
ment. It was a great and vital interest, involv
ing our very existence as a separate people then
j as well as now.
The States of this confederacy acceded ta
that compact each one for itself, and ratified it as
i States.
If the non-slaveholding States, who are par
ties to that compact, disregard its provisions and
endanger our peace and existence, by united
and deliberate action, we have a right as States,
there being no common arbiter, to secede.
The object of those who are urging on the-
Federal Government in its aggressive policy
upon our domestic institutions, is, beyond all
doubt, finally to overthrow them, and abolish,
the existing relation between master and slave,
We feel authorized to assert this from their own,
declarations, and from the history vs events in
this country for the last few years.
To abolish slavery or the slave trade in the
District of Columbia —to regulate the sale and
transfer of slaves between the States —to
exclude slaveholders with their property from
the admit California under the
circumstances of the hold to be all
parts of the same system of measures and sub
ordinate to the end they have in view, which
is openly avowed to be, the total overthrow of
the institution.
We make no aggressive move. We stand
upon the defensive. We invoke the spirit of
t}ie constitution, and claim its guaranties. Our