Newspaper Page Text
j>y g. HOSE & CO.
T c,[VPU W & S. BOSE, Editors.
I r e 1C M 8 •
I- r.anid journal H Messenger is piibli*hed eve-
I .rtViSSy morning in the city of Macon, nt the
|,;ilotng re dl(El RATE:
„ m :A ttriclly in advance, per year, @2 50
unpaid v> advance 2 00
I Lid HU l>‘ r ,ml °f t! "’ year - 4 00
1 l ... terms will he rigiilly enforced, without re
flie above n |H o | )jecl 0 f ,| ie Publishers is to do
spool to P'T'-rlv as possible upon the cash principle—
btsiwf “ P ( |j e j r subscribers should reap the profits
prefrmngm 0 a4 , elltsan d collector*. In no case
*bicb r of the State unless first paid
reference is given in Macon or its
neI ?I!woTNPMBNT3 inserted nt the usual rates—
ADVERT ‘ wh( , n lmn ,ied in, will be inserted till
i those not limit j ltl( . ount will be allowed to persons
l, ’ r) " J i b 'lbvthe yefir, and who pay on demand.
wl Ttl marriage notices, and obituary notices o/ ocer
4 Ctlfhe charged at the usual rates.
U of candidates for office,to be paid
\ll ami ral , B w hen inserted.
rrl’ aUrran-rcinents made with County Officers,
I Auctioneers, and others, who may wish to
uiakr banted eontiae . oliserve the following:
K7fU fflhpl, by Hxecutors Adn,nt,s-
L L and Guardians, are required by law to be adver-
SiUn public gazette, sixty days previous to tlic day
01 IV*. Hales must be held on the first Tuesday in the
1 h bo ween the hours of ten in the forenoon and
Ktffie afternoon, at the Court House in the county
“njatlesTpSai’ must be advertised in
‘‘Nonce‘to Debtors and Creditors of an Estate must be
that application will b.t made to te Court of
r t’d e ms or Letters of Administration must be puh-
LL‘a ;*irty duvs-for Dismission Iron, Administration,
Lssdiiy su month* —for Dismission from Guardian-
of mortgage must be published
LVthlu for four mouth,- lor establishing lost papers,
\j he full spare of three mo/itAs—for compelling u
k l trom Executors or Adimnistratore where a bond lias
been given by the deceased, the full space of three
‘betters on business to be post-paid.
Millinery and Dross Making.
MRS. WORTHINGTON,
m- RESPECTFULLY informs the Ladies of Ma
i-'con and vicinity, that she is prepared to execute
jny orders in the above line, in a neat and fash
■enable manner.
f BLEACHING. —All kinds Leghorn and Straw
honiieu bleached and altered in the latest style—also,
Ccntiemeu’s Panama, Straw and Leghorn Hats bleach
td and pressed in a superior manner. She is confi
dent from a thorough knowledge of the business, of
E v h'satisfaction to those who lavor her with their
fctraV lit Residence over Messrs. Graves,
K': jd &. Co’s Store.
I Macon, March 8 49 3m
1 Pinos 1 PIANOS!!
JUST received from J. C flickering,
& Clark (with and without Cole-
Hn £ * Inman's Julian attachment,) Lemuel Gil
n ; others, a line assortment ot PIANO FORTES.
.0114 and well known reputation of these instru
precludes the necessity of puffing. We have a
assortment of wood and brass instruments of
H kl uryriptions, consisting in part of Seraphims, Gui-
V.-nins, Accordians, Flutes, Bugles, Trouiboons,
Comonions, Opheclides, Mellodions, Violin-
Drums, Bites, Concert Hornes, &c. &c. Fash- j
r music instruction books lor Piano, Guitar, |
H*;e and Violin, Violin and Guitar Strings,&.c. Slc.,
Ku,:! and Silver Watches of the finest quality, Jewel-
S. or Spoons of pure silver, Castors, Candlesticks,
Lamps, &.C.
Watches and Clocks repaired in the most perfect
and warranted. Thankful for past favors,
hope to receive a share of public patronage, for
’h we will give value received.
I BRUNO Ac VIRGINS.
H Macon, Jan 12 41 6m
■ WOOD AND BRADLEY,
■ maiwtactukems and dealers in
Bdugf AIIINET FURNITVE
■BBSS
JITTn CHAIRS.
V r OULD most respectfully inform the citizens of
Macon, and public generally, that having avaii-
Hl hiemselves of the services of some of the very best j
rkmen, and having a supply of the best, materials,
prepared to make to order any article in their line.
to our present stock, such as Dining, Tea, |
re, Side, Work, Toilet, Quartette and Sofa Tables;
Ottomans; Tettetetes; Foot-stools; Secreta-
H-, Desks and Book Cases ; Ladies’ Work Boxes and
Desks ; Piano Stool; Looking Glasses and
Plates of ull sizes : Gilt, Mahogany and Walnut
of all sizes for Pictures and Portraits ; Cane
Setu-es and Counter Stools ; Mahogany ami Wal-
B Chairs, Plush and Hair Cloth Seats ; a great varie
-81-1’ curled Maple and Walnut Cane seats and other
. Rocking Chairs of patterns too numerous to
and Pine Bedsteads, cheaper than ever ; Win
w Shades, new, beautiful and rare patterns ; Feath-
Feather-Beds ; Muttrusses of curled Hair, Cotton
iiave many articles not enumerated or introduc
m this market.
Manufacturers —For sale, Fumitue Varnish,
Walnut, Plush,and Veniersaqd Bed Posts.
R fumitue repaired neatly and with dispatch.
Solas and Chairs reseated or covered with llair
or Cane.
Nov. 3,1847. 6m—tf
B Pisino Fortes.
subscriber respectfully informs the citizens of
Beorgia, that Ir* has the Agency for the sale ot
IS from a manufactory in New York—the urti-
is of the best workmanship and materials,
me latest style, very superior at low prices.—
wishing to purchase, can see one ot these in-
die suliscribePs residence.
■ X( JAMES VAN VALKENBURGH
BMacon, Jantj, 1848. 40 ts
I SADDLES! SADDLES!
MORRIS Sc WEBTCOTT have on hand
S|S. * lirat rate aanortnient of SADDI.KS, H AR-
T * NESS and C A RRIA(. K TRIM MINGS, ol
■ i.ndi, which they will aril at prices to suit the times
■air tacilities are such that they can sell lower than
■v 11 her establishment of the kutd in the city.
E' lv '’ tut call before you hay, wall we aak fora re
■mmcndation. RKPAIRING done at reduced prices,
■ ’ “ rkinan-like manner.
li,?’ 0 ” Avenue,next door to A. J. Sc D. W. Orr.
W*c 3, I*l6. 43
fa 1 . AO * \HKI YGKK \ HARNESS.
Ot Loiun. & VViixojson hnve on
hand, ut their old ataud on Mullierry
D street, Macon, one of the most exlen-
R “'Hi valuable stocks of ready made
H CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, SULKIES,
I Ac# Ac* Ac#
B. found in the Southern Stales. Customers cun In*
■T‘fjdanrd either with Northern mucles or with
■T () ■ Domestic manufacture, us they prefer. Their
K, 1 ~i;‘ trrinU it very superior, and their workmen
Bn by ny hi the Northern shops, They
Britter?’ WMrra,, t every article which they oiler
Ktv niiH * etd niIWU,t, J that,lor extent,beauty ,vu-
Bn. i “ w ' ,r knmnship f tltetr present stock is not sui-
South.
made to order, and all kinds of
■ p UJWdoUo w th neatness and despatch.
on the most accommodating terms,
■Lr /l 1 !* 1 ’ Axle*, Steyn, Hand*, I.amp*, Coach
B himnli/' 1 * an, l l-f other, l’luted ami Ja
■m fa arnt ” ,iuntln d* i I‘oini*, Oil*, Car
5i
B PINE spring goods.
U , now receiving a very superior!
D i"** “#'* Vosliitits lor Sprint! i
1 Ul 7 *"■ |>r. |.nr. dto make uii ill line style
HU ) laoderui ■ Ic-rms, particularly lor Cash.
■ March s I'KTER Sl JAIUSTKTTKU.
■ - 411
mm|i ull’h.
■J b r * 1 "11 1 1 resiartlally inform the rill
■u",,l | )r “ , ;"".urna || "f ||, i{ country and all pur
s’
l DRV a ° ODS ’
■tii Ul j,, ‘ 111 rcusrmalrle prices. Aim.nu Ins
“‘J; 1,1 “••"ellmiu entirely new lor l.adies
1 | ‘’"'i l"’ I.nn,mime, Hrnclie Ihesilletiea,
| >' Ih ianesand Silks, Oriental
a ms, (a ri Inn, Scotch
K r>l *’ H, K M,,’' '** .fueonet, Nstisook, Mill
■ “ I.n.itV l ‘ ,l, V' <:u '' l *'cHdMs. Hard I’ve 1)1-
** laliV ”" r Broad Cloth", ('us! me res,
|Bl “ ,^r ‘ ‘'"."n, s, ‘eetinj/. cotton nnd silk
’ m,|, . ’ ‘llls,hiowu nml blenched sheeting
m ■ v., i.' v *'’ ( ,r l” inns. K n*ra. A c Ate
fo* v,, variety ol ihikmlh usually kept
BB'.‘ % v, ‘■ to nil come and ex n mine
H‘ Vron / “"'lollht tl,,* ( onhls Will plensc
H ‘ ,fl rf t, next door to G. IT. /Vict'i.
(!>cort|in Journal mb 4Ucssctu]cr,
NEW GOODS! NEW GOODS!!
rpHH subscriber would respectfully call the attention
I. of the citizens of Macon and trading community
generally, to the extensive and carefully selected slock ot
Sptin; r >iii<l Summer Goods
which is now ofiered for sale at the lowest market pri
ces. From the unusual care and pains taken in* his se
lections from the different importing house s in N. York,
he flatters himself with the hope ofluiiiH able to give en
tire satisfaction to all who may favor him with a call;
Ilia stock is not Hiirpasseil by any in the city, in variety,
Hlyle, quality, &.c.
Among othei articles he is now receiving and opening,
I French, English and American Prints, Furniture do.
! Fiiiiey rul'd,checked,striped&. plaid Ginghams, Organ
drys & striped Chambrays,Fancy col’d A strip’d Lawns
Mourning do. and Mourning Balzarine Prints, French
Muslins, do. (iinghnmsuud Bnrugr LlrrsH Patterns, a
great variety, Colton llalzorines, French Jaconet and
Cambrics and India Lawns, White Jaconet, Checked,
Corded, Cross-barred, Swiss and Book Muslins, 10-4
and 12-4 Linen Sheeting, Pillow-case Linen, fi, 10 A
12-1 Bleached and Brown Sheeting, Damask Towel
ing, Do. Table Cloth, Bird's-eye, Scotcli and Russia
Diapers, Irish Linen, Nankeens, Cottonade, Colored
and Plaid Domestics and Fancy Plaid Linen, White,
Colored, Brown and Black Cotton Hose, Colored,
White ond Black Silk Hose ; with a general and as
sorted slock of READY-MADE CLOTHING, the
goods carefully selected in the pieces and made to or
der after the latest and most Insliionable styles, and al
so a variety ot Gems. Dress Goods.
Notice.
THF. subscriber will constantly have on hand here
nndut hisshopin Forsyth, n general stock of the
best article of home Manuluctured NEGRO SHOES,
with every description of Leather.
Fine BOOTS and SHOES made to order as his
shop in Forsyth. ISAAC WINSHIP.
At the stand formerly occupied by A. ./. I) IV. Orr,
on the corner of Cotton Avenue 6( Cherry St.
Macon, March 8 4y
IMoticc to lllercliaiiis.
THE subscribe™ take this method of informing the
Merchants ot Middle and Southern Georgia, and
Alabama, that they are making at the Flint River Fac
tory, jn Upson county, a very superior article of Shirt
ing, 7-8 wide. They offer this article to the friends o.
Southern interprize and industry as cheap or cheaper,
than it can be obtained from the North ; while it is in
every respect much superior. It is remarkable for the
strength and roundness ot the thread,and for the smooth
ness and compactness ot the cloth. Specimens may be
seen at Ross &. Brothers, in Macon, Richards Jeffer
son’s, Columbus, and at Herrington’s in Griffin.
Merchants and others wishing an article ot the kind,
and who are disposed to uatromze Georgia labor and
skill, would do well to call and examine the gooila. It
can be had low, and if necessary on time.
FLINT RIVER MANUFACTURING COM’Y
Fat) 23 47 9 t
HOUSE KEEPING ARTICLES.
LOGAN &. ATKINSON have just received and
oiler for sale, Carpetings, Rugs; Blanket,, Tick
ings, 10-4 and 12-4 Linen Sheeting and pillow case
Linens; 10-4 and 12-4 Cotton Sheeting and pillow case
Cotton; Irish Linens; American and F.nglish Long
Cloths; table Linen and table Cloths and Napkins;
Russia, Scotch and Hucaback Towellings; furniture
Calico and furniture Dimity; Table Covering of vari
ous kinds; 10-4, 11-4 and 12-4 Blankets, of best makes;
Woolen and Cotton Flannels, all qualities; Striped.
Plaid and Embroidered Curtain Muslins; colored and
white Marseilles Quilts; together with their usually
large variety of black anj colored Dress Silks, Cash
meres, Plaid Goods, Shawls, Worked Collars, Ameri
can and British Prims, Silk and Cotton Hosiery, Gloves,
Hdkts,, &.C., &c , to which they invite the attention ot
their friends and the public generally. —Cloths, Cassi
meres, Sattinets, Kentucky Jeans, Kerseys, Linseys,
English, French and American Tweeds, Vestings, just
received; which we will sell at the very lowest prices
LOGAN &. ATKINSON.
sept 29 26tf.
RICH SILKS AND CASHMERES.
THE undersigned have received anew nnil beauti
ful stock of Rich F’all Dress Silks and Cashmeres,
consisting in part of plain changeable, striped and plaid,
Gro de Rhine, Gro de Royaie, Gro de Algier, Gro de
Pekin, Satin de Chine, Ottoman and other DressSilkd*
black Taffeta, Poult de Soule, Satin Russe, Gro Grain,
plain, striped aial watered Silks, lor Scarfs. &.C.; new
style rich printed Cashmeres-, striped and plaid .1 lous
seline de I.aine, in various patterns: super plaid Cash
meres-, Lupin's best qualities F’rencn Alermoes of all
shades; Gale. Clarence and Oregon Plaids; Worked
Collars and Capes-, embroided, revere, hemstitched
and corded I eiwn and Linen Cambric Hdk’fs.; Silk
and Cotton Hosiery, Gloves, Slc , All of which will
be sold by the piece or otherwise, at usually low prices.
LOGAN &, ATKINSON.
sept 29 26 ts.
Crockery and Glass Ware.
DINING and Tea Sets, superfine Stone and China
Ware, Liverpool and Plain Ditto, Plain, and
F'luited Glass Ware of every description, Tumblers,
Decanters, Wines, F'ruit Baskets, Pitchers, Ac., a very
large and general stock just received by.
LOGAN & ATKINSON,
sept 29 26tf.
Griswold’s Cotton Gins.
THE Subscriber is better prepared than ever before,
lor lnaiiulacturing a superior article of GINS, hav
ing procured better materials, better workmen, better
machinery for doing work, and added all new improve
ment suggested by past experience. The previous ce
lebrity of these Gins since hia introduction of the Pat
ent Water Boxes, has increased their sales to over one
thousand in a single season.
No exertion will be remitted necessary to render
them worthy of a still higher reputation. Engage
ments can be made on accommodating terms, either
with his Agents, who will call on Planters generally,
or by letter directed to him, at Clinton, Jones county,
Georgia SAMUEL GRISWOLD.
March 15 50 3m*
Taylor's Celebrated t'otfon dins.
mHE undersigned inform the public, that they have
X been appointed Agents for the sale of those celebra
ted COTTON GINS, manufactured by E. T. Taylor
Al. Cos. formerly of Girard, Ala. but now of Columbus,
Ga., where is established one of the most exten
sive and complete manufactories in the South. The
materials used are of the best quality. The machinery
is all new, and constructed on the most approved plans
for the manufacture of Cotton Gins.
The machinists and workmen employed in thaestab
lishment are skillful and experienced in the business ;
and they have made such improvements in the mechan
ism So coiißtruction of the Gins that they feel certain, in
every case, to furnish a Gin which will perform admi
rably well, and give the purchaser entire satisfaction.
In the way of recommendation, we need only say,
that we furnished several hundred of the late improved
Gins to planters in various imrts of the country during
the season, and not one of that number has tailed to give
general satisfaction, both in speed and the sample of
Cotton.
Bar ORDERS can be sent to E. T. Taylor & Cos.
by mail, or contracts made with their Agents who arc
travelling through the country.
GINS will be sent to any part of the country, and in
ail cases warranted to perform well.
Persons addressing the Proprietors by mail, will di
rect their letters to Columbus, Gu
N. OUSLEY At SON.
March 22 51
Masiejr’i Improved lotion Gins
THE suliscrilier is now nrepared to manufacture a *u
|**rior article of COTTON (11NS, having procu
red materials ol the l>eat quality and being supplied with
the best of workmen. Resides he is now mukmg con
siderable addition to his machinery, which will enable
him to furnish as good gins, and on as reasonable
terms, as uny factory in the State.
The Hulocnber has the exclusive right of Simpson's
Patent, (for applying mctnlic rubber to drums, pullies,
Ate ) for some fifty of the best cotton growing counties
in i m State , which lie intends applying to his ns
when required. And it is certainly ol great advant
age to the cotton gin, for it not only requires out third
less power to propel it, where the metalic rubber is ap
plied, but the gin, running geer. and every thing con
nected with it, will last hh much longer in ptoportion.
1 believe there is no one of common sense but will ad
mit. that the lighter machinery of any kiud can run,
the longer it will Inst.
It nppenr* that a great many persons peeler what is
called u water butt to all such 1 would say, that it is not
worth oil' 1 cent for the purjroae recommended—that is
lo prevent the gin from takuig Are, for this simple rea
son, n gin never takes fire irotnthe box, hut invariably
from the brush inside the gin, (when it takes lire at ail.)
Rut as every man has lus own notions, 1 will furnish a
I box ol tuy own invention (to ail who may requite it,)
equal to the patent water box.
N 8.-Uifli sent to any part of the country, and in
every case warranted to perform well.
Latter* addressed to the subscriber at .Macon, Ga.,
will receive prompt attention.
O. W. MASSEY.
MsrehW It lv
l ine riitiitstlion Tor feitlc.
THE subscriber intending to remove to Alnbs
’Py inn, for the punxiot of taking ptraonal
his interest* tbsre, ofleru lor wile his PLAN PA-
TiON and settlement in thsmn county, situated with
in otie aiil a half miles of Thomnston. and w ithin one
mile of the Kuiiroad from Hsrnesville to Colutnhas,
consisting ol 607 acres tirst quality land, M) ol which
are cleared and in a line state of cultivation, having
been highly and frequently immured On the premises
are u good Dwelling ami Negro lions#, ■ sigrerior
(fin House and every other iHiildmg and covemencs
necessary on a well arranged plantation. The improve
ments tire all in good condition, the wcMdlsn*ls are of
superior quality—dtt whole located in one of the very
I rest neighborhoods in Georgia. This property will
positively Ire sold at a bargain, provided application
he made immediately. E A. PEARCE.
March 15 M
MACON, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MAY 3, 1848.
FASHIONABLE AND CHEAP.
I TAMILTON A SYMONS, No 17, Whitaker
I X Street, Savannah, have on hand the most choice
niul extensive assortment of French, English, and
Belgian
C'lotlis, fussimpres mid Vrslinp*
that can be found in the Southern States. They have
been selected with the great€t rare frot n the very
best importation#, and will be manufactured to order
in the neatest manner, and upon short notice, either
for Cash or approved credit. Persons from the up-coun
try are particularly invited to call, ns they cunnot fail
to be suited both in price and quality.
If A MILTON X SYMONS have also on hand a
very large and extensive assortment of
READY-MADE CLOTHING,
manufactured in the best style,and from materials care
fully selected by themselv** in the Northern markets.
‘J hese they are prepared to sell nearly, if not quite ns
low as an idea ol the same quulity can be purchased in
New York.
Wishing to extend their business particularly in the
up-country, they invite Planter a and Country Merch
ant* to call and examine for themselves.
Savannah, Oct. 20, 1847 . 29 ts
Washington llnll Stables.
THE undersigned have taken tli
Stables formerly kept by A. C. More
vfv/ —Ur h°use, and offer Carriages, Buggies,
Sulkies, Saddle Horses, &c. Slc. to
Hire. nave also careful and competent grooms,
and will keep single Horses or Droves by the Day,
Week, or Month, on the most reasonable terms.
. MASON Sl DIBBLE.
April 4, 1848. j \ y
.llncou ami Western Rail Komi.
ntAMir o” limns “”
ON and alter the 27th March, the Passenger trains
oi this Road will run daily as follows, connecting
at Atlanta with the Western and Atlantic and Geor
gia Rail Roads.
Is>ave Macon at 6 A. M.—arrive at Atlanta 121,
at Dalton 8 P. M.
Leave Dalton 4 A. M.—arrive at Atlanta 1!A. M.
and Macon, 6P. M.
Passengers for Savannah will sleep one night in Ma
con, and leave next day at 7A. M.
The Trains of the Western and Atlantic Road do
not run on Sundays
Fares between Dalton and Savannah, sls
Macon 9
Atlanta and Savannah 10
“ • “ 2 Macon, 4
EMERSON FOOTE’ Superintendent.
Macon, March 22 51
NEW ARRANGEMENT.
United States Mail Line—Daily,
Between Savannah and Charleston via Hilton Head
and Beaufort, Inland two-thirds of the way.
TIIE well lxuwn (j£pfc!!=aa£l j
Steam Packets j' 1 jg
METAMOKA, CnptainF. Barden,
WM si: All KOOK, Capt T. Lyon,
GEN. CLINCH, Capt. Win. Curry,
Will hereafter leave Savannah every evening at half
past 8 o’clock, and Charleston every morning at 9 o’-
clock, precisely, touching nt Hilton Head and Beau
fort each way, and avoiding two-thirds of the sea route.
For Freight or Passage apnlv on board or to
BROOKS A TUPPER, Ag’ts Savannah.
E. LAFITTE, A CO. Ag’ts Charleston.
N. B—All Goods, intended for Savannah or Charles
ton, will be forwarded by the Agents if directed to their
care, free of commissions.
All way freight payable by shippers.
Jan 2G 43
Semi-weekly U. S. .Mail,
fc JX'” L.~* Steam-Packet Line. ■£££§’ 5
-— h'~‘ BETWEEN
SAVANNAH & PALATKA, FLA.
BY THE WAY OF
Darien, Brunswick, St. Mary's, Ga.; Jacksonville,
Black Creek and Picolata, Fla.
In connection with the Charleston Daily Mail Steam
packets at Savannah, the steamer SARAH SPALD
ING, Iront Palalka to Lake Monroe, the U. S. Mail
Stages from Picolata to St. Augustine, and from Black
Creek, via Ncwnansville, Alligator, Mineral Springs
and Columbus, to Tallahassee.
OCAMILGLi:, Cap!. P. McNelty.
ST. MATTHEWS, Capt. N. King.
WM. GASTON, Capt. J. Hebbard.
The Packets leave Savannah every Tuesday and
Saturday mornings, at 10 o’clock, and arrive at Picola
ta in time for the Mail Stages to go through to St. Au
gustine before night every Thursday and Monday.
Returning, leave Palatka every Tuesday and Friday
morning a 7 o’clock, touching as above each way.
BROOKS A TUPPER, Agents.
Savannah, Jan 26 43
N. B,—Goods consigned to the agents forwarded free
of commission. P’reight from Savannah and Charles
ton, and all way freight, payable by shippers’
HOLT & ROBERSON.
FACTORS AND GENERAL COMMISSION
MERC HANTS, Savannah Georgia,
RESPECTFULLY tender their services to their
friends and the public. Having been actively en
gaged in this branch of business for several years past,
their actual experience and observation has afforded
them every opportunity of becoming perfretly familliar
with th duties and responsibilities attending its opera
tions Their personal altenliou will be given to sales
of COTTON AND ALL OTHER PRODUCE con
signed to their care, also to executing orders for B AG
GING. BALE ROPE, FAMILY AND PLANT
ATION SUPPLIES, at the lowest Prices.
Their charges will be as few and reasonable as the
actual cost can be made, by strict economy, with facil
ities for Storing, Weighing, Ac , which are not surpass
ed in the city. They ho;** by continued application and
personal attention, tu promote the interest, and give sat
isfaction to those contiding.btisiiiess to their care.
ASA HOLT,
Sept 8,6m23 W. B ROBERSON.
ROBERT A. ALLEN,
Factor and Com mission Merchant,
No, 11 9 Hay street, Savanimh, Geo.
UyiLE attend strictly to the storage and sale of
Cotton, Com, Flour, and other produce, and will
make liberal cash advances on gooJs consigned to his
House.
References — Mr James A. NisbeO
E. H Weed, J . r
J HR. Washington, J acon -
Grav4*s, Wood Al Co.J
Dye &. Robert Din, Augusta.
Branon At Young, Marietta.
Dr. George F. Pierce, Sparta.
July 21, 18-17. ly 16
HARDEMAN Sc HAMILTON,
Wnre-llouxe and Com mission .Merchants,
MACON,
HAMILTON Sc HARDEMAN,
Factors and Commission .Merchant*,
SAVANNAH,
WILL give prompt attention to the sale ol
’ J C/otton and Country produce, as well us to
® the tilling of order?* for Ragging, Rope, and
family supplies. Sept 29. 26 ts
WAREHOUSE AND COMMISSION BUBINEBB.
THE sulsrtilrer, having removed front the
sk occupied by huu Inst year, and
WBWI itkeii (luitlonukiu)wn ns Graves’ WAKkUot'SF,
op|Mae t Graves, wurn kV Co’s. Store, respectfully
tenders his thanks to his former patrons and friends, and
solicit* n cnimimnc*ot their patronage, withthe assur
ance that he will devote his whole tune Slid span* no el- I
orts to uromon* then interest. Lnu rai. auvancem will I
be tnaife to thrsa* who require tlietii: nnd orders for ’
RAG(HN(i, ROPE and TvV INK, ami other Mercliun- i
di/e, promptly tilled on lire most n neoiutbl* terms
GEO JEWETT.
May Hih. 107 7
DYSON, OOOPDD Sl ROBERTS
I Wll.Lcontinue the W ARE-HOUSE snd i
■iWi'OMihsio\ IIINIMHH tha ensuing
DHsn, nt their Fire-Proof Ware* I louse.
Thankful t<> our friends lor their I*•rmer patronage,
wc respect fully ask a continuance of the same, with !
the nisfurauce that our liest cHotts will be given to pro
mote tltelr iutereata.
lils*rnl advances will be made on cotton In Store,
at customary rates.
THOMAS DYSON, JOS * coofFß, AND WM. M. BOMRfV.
Macon, March I, 1848. 48 ly
Tell Ooll'ii's Rcuiml.
A THE above reward will be |id Ibra large
ft— l ■ ,ier*s Rest, or W. R Battle, I#ee county,
Georgia ; she is a very Inrge yellow slut, with a white
ring half round fair neck, with faet whits and white
belly, and white on the end ol her tail, small white
Streak 111 the face, and will run any body's'track when
tried She strayed from the residence of W R Rat
tie in Leecount* WILLIAM WATEREA
April 1 < 4*
AGRICULTURAL.
From the Albany Cultivator.
Manures—their Nature and Action*
The subject of Manures, what they are ?—what
constitutes their active principles!—how they uct in
promoting vegetable growth l— as well as the best mode
of preparing and multiplying them, is one that has been
frequently discussed—filled many pages in our agricul
tural journals—ami occupied the attention of some of 4
the strongest minds devoted to the study ol agricultu
ral science.—These facts we may adduce as evidence
that the right understanding of this subject is regar
ded as the foundation of all correct and profitable fann
ing. Not only is this remark true when applied to our
day—it was so two thousand years ago. We learn
from Pliny that the Roman farmers decreed immortal
ity to Sterculius for inventingfraanurfsjwhiie they them
selves devoted much of their atttention to their prepar
ation. To this end, the mineral as well ns the animal
and vegetable kingdom were called into requisition,
The directions left on record for preparing their com
post heap, selecting a shallow basin, and advising to
cover the top, when completed, with twigssnd branches
of tree# with their foliage, convince us that they were
aware the sun and the rain would dissipate their active
principles The value they placed upon human ordure,
und the liquid excrements of animals, the use of fish and
other substances as manures, satisfies u-< that they pos
sessed much of the practical skill for winch the Belgi
ans ot the present day have been so justly celebrated)
When 1 commenced tanning operations* 1 had given
but little attention to the subject ot manures, and re
garded it us of comparatively little moment ; but as I
progressed, it has risen in importance, until it is with me
the absorbing subject about which, although I have
learned many things, I am more anxious to receive in
struction tliau on any other topic connected with
farming.
Manures may he said to be the elements of fertility,
containing both the inorganic aalts.and the organic ele
ments of vegetable growth. In common language,
they are the food of plants. How plums stake up
and digest this food--first; requiring’it to be dis
solved in water, thut by their open mouths at the ter
mination ol their roots they may drink it in—then
conveying it in appropriate channels up through the
trunk and branches, to be elaborated in the leaf, where
it appropriates to itself the elements that enter into iti
structure,and give out to the atmosphere such as are
not essential to its growth—is the interesting study oi*
the vegetable physiologist. On this department of the
vegetable kingdom it is not our purpose nt present to
remark—but rather to inquire what are the elementa
ry substances that contribute moat to the growth ond
fertility of plants ? With these, we must not fail to be
familiar if we would be wise in the adaptation of means
to the end, by which only can we ex|iect success m this
interesting department of humup labor.
Chemistry teaches us that four elementary principles
enter into vegetable structure, and hence they ore term
ed organic substances-they ar e Carbon, Hydrogen, Ox
ogeu, and Sitrogen. The first three are furnished by
the atmosphere in sufficient quantity to meet the de
mand of the growing plant—the remaining elementa
ry principle, .Nitrogen, that enters into every port of the
vegetable structure, and hence may b* regarded as es-
I sential to vegetable as it is to animal life ; while it ex
| ists in the atmosphere,is not furnished in sufficient quan
tity for the perfection of vegetable growth. And if
‘we would obtain vegtable products rich in nitrogenized
principles, we must surround the growing plant with
animal or vegetable manures, containing an additional
amount of these principles In illusirntioii of this po
-1 sition, we find wild plants to contain less of nitrogeni
zed principles than cultivated ones—and as the value
otall vegetable food for animals depends on the amount
of these protein compounds, wild plants are decidedly
lessnutritous.
It would seem then that one of the great problems for
the agriculturist to solve, is how to furnish plants with
the requisite supply of Nitrogen with the leist ex
pense ? And the question, too, for the skilful fanner is
to learn in what substances he can find the most ni
trogen, Hnd how he can preserve it in nature, to
apply to the soil. The great number of substances used
as manures would seem to render this subject extensive
and complex.
In the suggestions I have to make, I shuil endeavor
to show that the amount of nutriment which each ma
nure can furnish to the support of vegetable life, will
be in exact ratio to the nitrogen which it contains, —in
other words, that manures are valuable to the farmer
in proportion to the nitrogen with which they con
tain, or have the power of forming nitrates.
It has long been known by practical farmers, that our
most common manures ptissessed very fertilizing prop
erties, viz : the Cow, Horse and Hog manure, ;uid hu
man excrements. On what does this difference depend ?
We learn from chemical analysis, that the quantity of
salte which they contain is very nearly the same in all,
1 hence the inference is legitimate, that it does not de
pend on the salts—for if the salts were the source of
their fertilizing projierlies, they would contrary io the
experience of practical men, be of equal value to the ag
riculturist. And so of the humic acid, or genuine—tor
that is of equal quality in the horse and human excre
ments ; hut not so with the nitrogen, which exists in
verv different proportions.
The experiments made by the Prussian authorities,
to ascertain whether the contents of the sewers, in
the cities of Berlin and Dresden, could be applied with
profit to the barren lands in their vicinities, are re
plete with instruction. Those experiments were
made and continued through a series of years The
result satisfactorily demonstrated, that if a soil in its
natural condition without manure, would yield a cron
of three to one, for the seed sown, it would with
cow dung yield seven, with horse dung ten, and with
human excrement fourteen. While analysis show's
that this, their relative value, is just the relative pro
portion of nitrogen. Her* then is science harmonizing
with the experience of the practical farmer While
we can find science in the laboratory of the chemist,
confirming, while it explains the experience of the prac
tical husbandmen, we are strengthened in following on
in the pathway she would lead us. When science
goes farther, and sheds her light where all before
was darkness, we are rejoiced to follow reverently, if
not confidingly her teachings ; but when those teach
ings conflict with w hat experience has demonstrated
to be true, we should interrogate her farther before we
I venture to proceed.
Professor Johnson has told ns, that the influence ol
| ammonia on vegetation appears to be of a nowerf ul
kind—it seems not only to promote tbe rapidity and
I luxuriance of vegetation, but to exert a powerful con
trol over the functions of vegetable life. And again
j he says, the important influence which ammonia ex
ercises over the grow th of plants, is only to be explain
ed on the supposition that numerous transformations
of organic substances are effected in the interior of liv
ing vegetables, or a rr-nrrangeinent <>t the elements of
which ammonia consists. Ammonia is a compound
of hydrogen and nitrogen —and out of every 100 ports
by weight of ammonia, we have 821 of nitrogen. Am
monia is the form in which nitrogen istbund in our ma
nures, and is evolved as the product of the decomposi
tion of animal and vegetable substances. If then, this
principle is the agent upon which fertility in the vege
table world mainly depends, as I have endeavored io
show, we have a scale by which we may measure the
relative value otmnnuies, and by which our rules may
be formed for the construction ol our compost heaps,
that will enable us to secure, with the least diminution,
their active principles. Our senses will always dis
cover to us the substances contnning nitrogen from the
tendency that characterises them to run into a s ate
ot putrefaction, and in the process of putrefaction to
form alkalies: while other manures decay, with
out putrefying, and form acids instead of alkalies.
In the list of substances, valuable as manures, ar
ranged according to their relative value, taking such a
scale for our guide, ws place first on the list those sub
stances that nave received the leant care, und have
bsen regardsd by the generality of farmers as of the
least practical value—l refer to the liquid excrement of
| man and animals
In the compcMtion of human urine, there does not
enters single salt which is not essentially ail ingredi
ent in all plants i its terldixing property is fbundin the
fact, that almost all the nitrogen that makes its escape
from the body, makes its exit through the urine. That
•mount ins full grown man or smuml is equal to the
amount of nitrogen contained in the food on which the
body it daily led—nnd as nitrogen is the only snb
atAMce thin loMuNNiusrie, and meets the daily u
lur expenditure o( every working man ann aiuimal,
(unless there be other sources ut SDumilutioti than
those now known to physiologists,) that amount is
not in i urine ol tlie hosts isbut Uttls
less valuable than that of man—and that of the cow
but little less than the horse. When we consider with
what ease these may be saved by means of absorbing
substance*, that me w ithm the reach of txiy Inin, i,
how cun we juwtity their shameful waste? RepeuteJ
trials of their use, have abundantly sntislied me, that
the increased growth of the crop to which they have
been applied,iiasabuiiuantly compensated far the little
labor bestowed m their collection.
Next on ibe soils,according t*> tbsli rslativs i
we liave the cxcrsgMMits of our domestic fowls, hioce
Uieir fiodconsist* mainly of nitrogemsed •uhstanccs,
! and ss we iinve in all the leathered tribe, tlie liuunl and
j solid excrement combined, we may readily uiidetsnmd
why to the prudent fanners, tle poultry yard rainier*
j such efficient aid in increasing his resource* Analo
| in its composition and value is guano— the excrement
ih- ai • fowl To tbom in tbs inti ilot of tin cmn y .
that have not at their commaitd this rich fart Hue#,
an admirable aulmtitutr is lound in the dung of
lof Uio domestic i**. In *• i.:. .i .• -n .t the
poaitlot) that it is tl,.- nitrogen that oontributet moro
| than any of the salts to the value of the Kitano, we
i mny remark, that analysis gives us in tlie best article
I from Bto 9 per cent, of nitrogen, while in (hose that
I have disappointed tire agriculturist ill tht ir uss, not
more than 11 |ier cent hasTM*en found
Next fallow Llmd, an l anininl u*stt r—-the carcaws
ot our domestic animal*—as noiqp, cows, hogs, sheep,
dogs, nnd (ish ; with Uieir coverings- the hides, hair,
wool, feathers,hoots, horns, and nails# Ac Rubstan
| oet rich in nitrogen should lie made to impart to beds of
peat and loam,tlie animonia thatrscap* * during putre
faction, instead of “wasting Uieir sweet ness on the des
ert air.” And when they have done this, the wise fai
nter will see to il, that the bones that have constituted
| Uie frame work of the animats, be restored bt some farm
to the anil, sttd thus tie made to five back to it the fihos
phates that have been abstracted by the successive
crops that it lias yielded.
t ' Jt * follow the droppings of tin* domestic animals.
Jhe resourcesof the farmer will be much increased by
couponing the horse ami yard manure with pent, with
i which the careful fanner will see that his yard is well
supjdied. lAy this process, not only are the gases which
| are involved during fermentation secured by the peat,
us rui absorbent, but the mineral substances, and salts
whiah it contains, locked up ns they are by super
I abounding acids, are set fee, and neutral salts are form-
I c, ‘ by which the pent iUttHbecomes almost ns valuable
to file fi inner, us the dung itself with which it is cuuv
j posed.
Science and experience Hannon ire in their testimo
ny that when compost heaps ore made under sheds,
their active principles are more certainly secured, I
saved front tbe wasting process of leaching under rains t
on the one hand, und evaporation underexposure to
the burning t un on the other.
Protection i r oiu the rains would seem to be necessa- j
ry, from the fact, that whatever there is in manure tluit ,
I contributes to vegetable growth , must be soluble in wa- j
i f ()r plants tajie if up in no other condition than that 1
:of solution. And on the other hand, if there is a large 1
quantity of vegetable matin in a dry stole, to be com
posted, experience lias taught us, it should l** combined
jhi some way with the liquid excrement of tin* animal,
: or else thrown into a ro upoet heap immediately after a
| rain, when it is saturated with water. For soon u re
| quire n lent science turnisd.es us the following solution:—
Ammonia, being a compound of hydrogen and tiitro
gen, or instead of amnoria, we shall have cyanogen
I formed, which is also a compound ot hydrogen mid ni
! Irogen ; but the hydrogen is in a smaller quantity llran j
. wh it is requisite to form ammonia.
Among the artificial iiidziures, peat may be used with
| greut benefit, either alone, tl* exposed for a length of
nine to the ameliorating in flue nvs of the frost, rain, or
atmosphere, or combined witlr the mineral manures,
i fine, potash, or ashes. To the potato crop it may be
used uncombined with mineral manures, not only to the
increase of the quantity,but mun festly to the improve
ment of the quality—the nbund tnt huinus which it !
yields, contributing to increase the starch, upon which
the mealiness of the potato, that we so much prize, de-
pends.
I ‘1 he most satisfactory explanation of the action of
gypsum us a manure, is that given us by Liebig—that
n fixes the ammonia of the atmosphere ior the benefit
of the growing plant.
Charcoal , considered in itself, is one of the most in
destructible substances—remaining unchanged, and
apparently unchangeable, in ns form, for many years ;
and yet, from the increased fertility of the soil to which
it has been applied, remaining long after the action of
ail other manures with which we ure acquainted has
ceased,and all traces of them has disappeared, it evi
dently possesses a influence on vegetable life as yet
unexplained, unless it be its power of absorbing ammon
ia, and holding it in readiness to be given up to the
growing plant. at every successive ruin.
1 he importance which we thus attach to the influ
ence and value ol nitrogen in promoting vegetable
growth, may. at the first glance, seem to war w ith the
doctrine ot special manures, as well as with the tact,
that a number of elementary inorganic substances, must
always be present in the soil in sensible quantities; the
absence ot either one of which, without a doubt, will
seriously affect vegetable growth Such impressions
would seem to find support in the tact, that where in a
particular field or section of country, from the growing
of one crop a succession of yea is, instead ot a system
ot rotation of crops, there has been an attraction of
one of these elements, the use of some manure contniti
inga large quantity ol that particular substance, will
restore nt once fertility to tbe soil, as w r as the case with
gr asslands i nCheshire, in which the phosphates hav
ing been exhausted, bone dust proved more valuable <
than any other manure, and so of lime in other sec
tions.
In such cases the action of the specific ingredient is
only salutary, because in its use there is a restoration of
a lacking element —the increased use of which instead
of being salutary, often proves prejudicial to the inter
est o I the farmer. To this fact we owe the expression,
almost grown into a proverb, that lime, “while it en
riches the lather, impoverishes the son.” Not so with
nitrogen, or its compound ammonia—the more liberal
the greater the yield, and the better the tilth tbe sod ac
quires. The admission of the necessity tor tlie presence
of all the elementary inorganic substances in the soil,
does not, in our judgment, at all invalidate the position
which we have endeavored to sustain, that the value of
manure s in common use, may be measured by the quan
tity of nitrogen which they contain, or their power of
forming nitrates.
*„ . J. M. WARD.
Albany, March, 1848.
The Homestead and the Gardeu.
It is not sufficient that a farmer or planter should be
attentive to the cultivation of bis field*—that he
should provide for them ample supplies of manure, see
that his ploughing, harrowing, and his rolling is well
done,and his crops well tended. He may have done
all these things, and success may have crowned his ef
forts to fertilize his arable lands, increase the quantity
and uuality of his crops, ami add to his (iccumary
wealth—still if he shall have omitted to adorn his dwel
ling with shade and shrubbery, and provided a good
garden tor his household comfort and convenience, he
will have failed in the discharge of his duty. A house
in the country without trees and shrubbery, to relieve
the eye and ensure protection, is among the most cheer
less sights which can be presented to human vision,and
never tails to impress the strunger with an unfavorable
opinion of its owner, with regurd to those enjoyments
of sense which so essentially enter into, and are com
mingled with, the outward sources of the happiness of
one’s family. Well convinced are we, that improve
ments of the kind around one’s home, besides endearing
that home to its possessor, by all the ties of esteem,
give him additional claims to the love of his family,
and ensure the respect of all ; as while it proves that his
heart has not been indifferent to domestic sympathies,
nor turned a deaf ear to the obligations of duty at home,
it is also evincive of that respect for public opinion
which the virtuous and good ever cherish, and who e
possession and display, so commend one to the kjndy
regards of his fellow men.
Independently, however, of these considerations,
which,of themselves, should exert potential influence
upon all well regulated minds, and find a response in
every generous heart, —as a mere matter of the profitable
part of a farmer’s estate ; for besides furnishing daily
supplies of vegetables for histable.it may lx* a source
of no inconsiderable, emolument, through its surplus
products, disposed of at market—or if, per chance, he
is too remotely situated to avail himself of this advan
tage ita offal and surplus produce, will enable lam the
better to feed his stock, and thus find his remit aeration
lor the labor bestowed in its culture.
When we speak of the garden, we would not be
considered as looking to it solely for its edibbsi, for its
man comports—for although we would have in. appoint
ments, in that respect, to embrace all the vegetable
tnlies that have been converted to culinary uses, yet
our views go further and embrace a wider field than
these.
We would have its borders adorned with shrubbery
and flowers of every tint and hue, from tins Rose, the
queen of all, the Dahlia, the gorgeous fa voritr, the Lily
of the Valley immortalized in holy song, to the tiniest
blossom that challenges admiration or w arns into be
ing gratitude for the mighty works of the Creator. A
garden, with such adornments, is grateful to the ma
tronoly pride of our wives, and awakens kindred emo
tions in the minds ofourdaughCrs; and uule? he be in
sensible to those beauties which Providence has so mu
nificently leslowed, to sweeten the thorny paths of life,
it must make the hunbandu ud the talker, not only bet
ter contented with his home, but nil linn with love for
all around hint, as the gratification of the rational appe
tites of those we cherish in the warmth of our affection,
should ever and must lie, foremost in our thoughts.
Everything connected with rural life all its associa
tion*—all its duties—would imply, (slides rendering
such a home tributary to our wants, it should be so un
proved, that ita embellishments ahoedd tel! that it was
the abode of refinement—and that its ui-dweliers were
equally n 1 1\ .• to the elegancies, aud to the necessaries o!
life. Never in our travels through the country, have
we seen the woodbine or the honeysuckle, twining
around the porch of the form house—and its small court
filled with shrubf*Ty, without inf ulging, w ithout know
ing them, profound respect for the inmates, and some
times, when such attention to the extern 1 appearance
es have been so isolated ns almost to partake of the
character of (hue* in the desert, we have felt our heart
, yearning to become the fniiiilinr of the occupants, that
I wr might offer up our poor thank* to tlieni, and thus
I bear n pleasing, though Imtnbir testimonial of the ac
ceptable service they had pUlfonnrd, in relieving the
I eye of the traveller from the dull monotony of cheer
i lens homes, of quickening ii Jo freshne** those feelings,
| which spring from a high apfweciatioti of the merits of
those who may be the sublet of our thoughts, whose
taste had challenged our Admiration nnd won our es
j teem. — Haltunoie American /'aimer.
The Disci limn it jug power of f’litntn.
Researches iu vejetubfe physiology, such us the’
mere prti'-tiral man would not know how to fwgin
to prosecute, liovn feft no doubt with the curious
inquirer that plu* la asms the faculty of breathing |
through tli**r leaves, tltese lie mg to them what lung*,
are to aumi l* They search, too, industrioudy for j
their food where the earth la sufficiently |Kr**uH and
or rules bio ; ftdmomxhing tlie farmer and gardener to
keep titn *>ii,by all tlie means m their power free from j
Ht'igmiU water, which reduces its temperature and ex
| eludes tlio air, with ah tlie nutriment which it contains
I mill to keep it in that open and accessible condition
I which leaves tin* food it contains nuwt easily to be
fount! sud consumed by llie toots sent out in pursuit of
aml line hrs the phylusophy of thorough draining
an I thorough tillage.
(That plant* fwtsse**, too. the power of diarrimi noting
V t went what laoongemul to their nature or otherwise,
some affecting one kind of food ami some another,ha*
bsen abundantly shown by the ex|tciiiin nts of Bou*s
. Miugsult, wle.it, for instance, growing on the name
•glut Willi beet* and tnnou*, will lake up eight miles as
lunch of |>ltos|honc bgiu aa they will Leguminous
plants,glowing on the same sod with wli at will gree
dily consume and thrive on plaster of’ Faria or sulphate
of lime, while to wheat it affords no nourishment.
Certain substances contribute again to tlie growth
lof one /-n 10l u piaiit, but not m another part The
I straw of oats and wheut contains fi ty tim *es nsmuch 8.-
licin an the grain of some plants. These facts prove that
flie fanner should study to offer to his crops the moat
dint he can of what their ashi's are found to contain.
But this is not nil. Agricultural chemistry, or chem
istry applied to agriculture, tenctics ftrfher tnnt the food
which is adapted to ih*? growth mid purposes of vegeta
bles at one stage of their existence may be unsuitable
and valuelcMSMt another; just ns the inothei's milk is at
once the most natural and wholesome diet for the
child, but not for the adult. Thus a manure which at
the tiine of germination may (*• without effect, if not
pernicious, may be most profitably administered and
greedily consiNiu'd by grain or gra. s ns it approaches
or reaches the period of forming its fruit. AH these
are mysteries wliich such men ns Day, or Dumas, or
Leihig, or Bouissangault, or Jackson, or Norton, or
Teschomacher, by the lights of s*fence can detect and
explain, but which the me re practical observer could
not in uges systematize and act upon with certainty.
ic of Green and Dry M ood,
i Some years ago I was led to ascertain the weight
j I°t by wood in drying or seasoning. For tins purpose
I weighed’ green rock maple and beech, taken from the
sopwood and from the heart wood, and from both to
gether, and dried tlle specimens carefully in a warm
oven, so as to be more tree from water than common
wood as ordinarily seasoned. The loss was from one
fourth tootie third of the weight. This loss was water.
II the wood is burned while green, this water must be
evaporated and thrown into me atmosphere, and a con
siderable part ot the onlolio of heat produced by the
j combustion ol the wood must be in this way curried
oti, and be of no use in heating or warming.
! To ascertain the caloric lost, we must find the weight
of water in a cord of wood, hi hi* careful experi
ments on the coitibustiun of wood, Count Kumlord
proved that a cord of dry beech weighs about 2800 lbs.
which must be three fourths of tlie weight ot the green
beech; that is, a cord of green beecJi must weigh
3700 lbs.,or taking the mean between l and 4 must be
more than 3900 pounds. In burning a cord of green
beech, at least 1000 pounds of water must be evapora
ted, and 1000 lbs. of water would fill three barrels of 32
ale gallons, or nearly two hogsheads of 03 gallons wine
measure. Tlie quantity of caloric lost in this may be
estimated in a rough way by the quantity of wood con
sumed m evaporating these barrels or nearly two hogs
heads ot water.
‘J he limner will nt a glance see that a cord of green
wood must form a load of nearly two tons in weight,
and he will probably conclude that his team has a much
greater load than is commonly supposed. Timber three
feet in diuinebT will have a cord ol solid wood in every
eighteen feet, and it 36 feet long, will weigh about
Jive tons.
It is also obvious that in drawing green wood, the far
mer must load mid transport three tmrrels of water in
every cord, or 60 barrels n\ twenty cords, allowing that
wood is commonly seasoned in a summer, has lost only
two-thirds ol its water. In cords of such dry
wood there will be u saving, in loading and transport
ing, of 200 barrels of water. A barrel of water con
tains about five cubic feet, and weighs more than 300 Ilia.
In the combustion/)! 20 cords ol green wood, 6Jbar
rels of water nuwt.be evaporated. Now, it takes six
nines as much heat to evaporate a pound of water,
as to heat a pound from 50 ol temperature to the boiling
points. The economy in using dry wood is well under
stood by many. These views give adequate reasons for
it. —Genesee Farmer.
(■nano to Corn in the Hill*
“ How much Guano will it take to manure un acre
gfi corn in the lull !”
We answer that sdbs will be enough, and that it should
be mixed with three loads of mould from tlie woods,
or the same quantity of rotten manure, and one
plaster to each acre. These should be thoroughly
mixed together—the quantity named will give a pint to
each hill of oorn, which we consider will be sufficient
to start the com plants at tlie onset, nnd ensure their
Tnpid and luxuriant growth until the roots shall have
got down to the manure winch may have been plough
ed in, We would not apply Guano alone, in the hill, os
the ammonia already formed, is in too concentrated a
state to be allowed to come into immediate contact with
the seed while in a state of germination. Uy incor|>o
ratiug it with tlie mould and plaster, we render the Gua
no harmless, prevent the escape of its most active und
valuable principle, convert what would otherwise be an
evil, into a positive benefit, prolong the period of its
action, and besides which, add too oilier ingredients to
the soil, which, of themselves, ure invaluable as food,
and as the provider of food, to the com plants.
If the land may not have been manured broadcast,
it will require double the quantity of mould, or rotten
dung and guauo, but the same quantity of plaster will
answer, even in that event. We would remark here,
that we feel it due to the cause of good husbandry to
slate it to be our opinion. that nothing but necensity
can justify any farmer in relying upon manuring in the
hiil'for the improvement of ins land, as nothmg short of
broadcast manuring con effect that object—and we
will further state, no systemof improvement can be
considered good, which does not embrace rotation of
crops, liming,clover and piaster. Manuring in the hill
may, and no doubt will ensure a single good crop,
but it is too partial in the distribution ot the fertilizer to
eflect general benefit. —American Fanner.
The Moral influence of tioixl Houses.
Avery little observation will convince any one that,
in ilie United Stales, anew era, in Domestic Architec
ture, w already commenced. A lew years ago, and
all our houses, with rare exceptions, were built upon the
most meagre plan. A shelter hum the inclemencies of
the weather, space enough in which to eat, driulc %nd
sleep: perhaps some excdlciu us mechanical work
manship in tire details; tin were the characteristic
features of the great muss of our and welting-houses—and
especially country houses—n lew years ago.
A dwelling-house, lor a eivih/.ed man, built with no
higher aspirations than these, we look upon with the
same feelings that inspire us when we behold the Indian,
who guarded iuiuseil against heat and cold by that
primitive,tnd,as hs considers it sufficient costume —a
blanket. An unmeaning pile of wood, or stone, serves
as a shelter to the bodily Irame of man ; it does the
same for the brule animals that serve him ; the blanket
covers the skin of the savage from tfie handiness of the
elements, us the thick shaggy coal protects the beasts
heliums in ths foKst. Hut these are only manifests
tions of the grosser wants of life ; and the mind of the
civilized and cultivated man as naturally manifests it
self in fitting, a ppropriete, and beautiful forms of habi
tation and costume, us it does in fiue and lofty written
thought and uttered speech.
Hence,as society advances beyond that condition, in
which the primary, wantsol'banian nature are satisfied,
we naturally find that literature and the arts flourish.—
Along with great orators and inspired poets, come fine
arcliMecture.und tasteful grounds and gardens.
Let us congratulate ourselves that the new era ie fair
ly commenced m the United Slates. Weby no means
wish tube understood, that all our citizens have fairly
passed the barrier that separates utter indiHerence, or
puerile fancy, from good taste. There are. and will
fie, fora long tune, a Large proportion of houses built
without any defiuitr principles of construction, except
those of the most dov/nngia necessity. Hut on the
othsr hand, we are glad to perceive n very considerable
spunk hue over the whole country—from the Misaissip
pi to me Kennebec —of houses built in such a manner,
aa to prove, at the first glance, thru the ideal of their
owners has risen above the platfoiui ol mere animal
wants; that they perceive the intellectual superiority
of a beautiful design over a meuuingless and uncouth
form ; am, that a house is to them no longer a comforta
ble shelter meiely, but an expression of the intelligent
life of mail, in a slate of society where the soul, the
intellect, and the heart, arc all uwake, and all educa
ted.
There are, perhaps, few peraons who have examined
fully the efi.ots of a general diffusion ol good taste,of
well heiugi and a love of order and proportion, upon
the community at large. There are no doubt, some
who look upon fine houses as fostering the pr ide of the
few, und the envy and discontent of the many ; and—in
some transailanuu countries, where wealth and hm
avenues are dosed to all but a few —not without reapou.
Hut, in tbs country, wlirie integrity and industry are
utmost always rewurded by more than the means of
subsistence, we have firm laitfi in the ttutral effects of
the tine arts. We lie neve in the bettering influence of
lieautiful ( ullages and country houses—in the improve
ment of human nature in cessaiily resulting to all cla*see,
from the possession of lovely gardens and fruitful or
chard*
We do not know how we can present any argument
of this main . ao good as one of that
tinguisln *1 in in I). f)w Ile is des
cribing, in hi* Travel* in America, the influence of
good architecture, as evinced in itseffects on the man
ner and diameter ol the mhubiiunta mu town in New
tCnglun
“ There is n kind of symmetry in the thoughts, feel
ings and eflortaof ths human mind. Its taste, uitelii.
gence, affection*, and conduct, are so intimately related,
that no precotterrttoti cun prevent them from being
mutually cause* and elfects The first tiling powerful
ly operated upon, and,in its turn, proportionately oper
ative, is the lasts. The perception of beauty and de
lot nitty,of refinement aud grueuness, of decency and
vulgarity,of propriety and indecorum, is the first tiling
w inch luHucnces man to uttetimt an escape from a
grovelling, humid character; a character in which mo
rality is chilled, *r absolute Ip fro sen. In moat per
son*,‘this pit c ption is uwakenedhy what may be call
d e rutii uu \ pm lu uli.tly by
building. Uncouth, mean, ragged, dirty nouws.coaati*
t.t ng ilie lu.tiy of any town, will tegular y* e
|KUMed by coaiw, grovetling manners. The dies*, the
furniture, the inode of living, and (lie mariners, will all
correspond with the upp arnnee of the building*, and
will universally be, m every such ease, of u vulgar and
dobasrd nature, (hi tlu* mliahitantsof such a town, it
will be difficult, if not unpuasiUe, to work a conviction
tli it intelligence is either nvet <*ary or uaelut. Cieneisl
ly. they will regard both learning ondacience only with
ooniettpt. Oi except in the ooanrst form, and
that winch lias th Least mflienee on the heart, they
wU m -nicely have any apprehension*. Tie-’ rights cn
torccd by municipal Law, they may he compelled to res
pect and the corresponding duties they may be necewi
luted to perform ; but ths rights and obligations which lie
bey mid the reach ol magistracy,}!! which the chief duti *
ol morality are found, and from which tl ’ chief enjoy -
mein* of society eprutg wLil wafrely gain rveti tbeir
VOL. XXVI —No 5.
pawing notice. They may pay i>‘ ir debts , but they
will neglect almost every thing of value in the educa
tion of their children.
“ The very fact that men see good houses built
around them, will, more than almost anything else,
awaken in diem a sense of superiority in those by whom
such houses are inhabited. The same sense is derived,
in the sinne manner, from handsome dress, furniture,
and equipage The sense of beauty is necessarily ac
companied by a perception of the superiority which it
poasewes ovar deformity ; and is instinctively felt to
confer tltij superiority on Khxhs who can call it their own,
over those who cannot.
44 This, I apprehend, is the manner in which course
society is first started towards improvement ; for no
objects, hui those which are sent* at*, cun make any
considerable impression on coarse minds. ”
The first motive which leads men to build good houses,
is, no doubt, that of incressing largely their own com
fort and happiness. But it is easy to see that, in this
country, where so many are able to achieve a liome for
themselves, he who gives to the public a more beautiful
ami tasteful model of a habitation than his neighbors,
is a benefactor to the cause of morality, good order, ana
the improvement of society where he lives. To place
before men reasonable objects of ambition, and to dig
nify and exalt their aims, cannot but lx; laudable m
the sight of all. And in a country where it is confess
edly neither for the benefit of the community at large,
nor that ol the succeeding generation, to amass and
transmit great fortunes, we would encourage a taste for
beautiful and appropriate architecture, os a means of
proraming public virtue and the general good.
We have snul beuutiful and rjpfn opr to fe architecture
not without desiring that nil of our readers should feel
the value of tins latter qualification as fully as we do.
Among the many strivings after architectural beauty,
which we sec daily mude by our countrymen there are’
of course,some failures, and only now and then exam
ples of perfect success. But the rock oil which all
novices split—and especially all men who have thought
little of the subirct, and who are satisfied with the fee
ble imi tali on of some great example from other coun
tries—this dangerous rock is t vast of fitness, or promt
rty. Almost tne first principle, widen an apostle of ar
chitectural progress ought to presell in America, is,
“keep m mind propriety.” ito not build your dwell
ing-homes like temples, churches, or cathedrals. Lei
thein.be,cliamcterisricnlly r dwelhng-hous. .s. And more
than this; always let their individuality ot purpose be
Inirly avowed ; let the cott(q;e be a cottage—the farm
house a farm-house—the villa a villa, and tfo> mansion
a mansion. Do not attempt to build a dwelling upon
your farm after die fashion of the town-house of your
friend, the city merchant do not attempt to give the
modest little cottage die ambitious air ot the ornate vil
lu. Be assured that*there is,if you will search tor it, a
peculiar benuty that belongs to each of these classes of
dwellings that highteii9 and adorns it almost magical
ly ; while.it it borrows the ornaments of the other, it
is only debased and falsified in* character and expres
sion. The most expensive ami elaborate structure,
overlaid with costly ornaments, will fail to give a ray
of pleasure to the mind of real taste, it it is not appro
priate to the purpose in view, or the means or position*of
its occupant; while the simple farm-house, rustically
and tastetully adorned, and ministering beauty to hearts
that answer to the spirit of the beautiful, will weave a
spell ih the memory not easily forgotten.
Ohio Cultivator*
Tlie Negroes in the Free States.
Perhaps the most singular development of public sen
timent which has taken place in the United State*
within the last quarter of a century, is that exhibited
by the popular vote of Illinois, in regard to free negroes,
by o majority of two to one the people of that State
have engrailed upon their constitution a prohibition
against tree persona of color, more stringent than the
laws of any of the slave States. They are actually
forbidden entrance upon the soil of the State. They
are not to be allowed to settle upon its territory on*
any conditions whatever. This is a lundainental, con
stitutional prohibition. In some of the Southern
States, our own amongst others, free negroes from oth
er States are forbad to settle ; but these legal disabili
ties may be removed, and are often so removed, by ex
ceptions provided for by the LsfpaUiure. In Illinois
the interdiction is sweeping, universal and organic.
We trust that hereafter, when our Northern brethren
gel up their next crusade in favor of the African race,
(hey will give Illinois all the advantages of their philan
thropic interference. Would it not become Mr. WH
mot to remove thither and enlighten the people of that
benighted State upon the rights of man in general and
black men in particular? And when Massachusetts
raisss her next embassy to look after her colored citi
zens in her sister States, would not Illinois be a better
destination for Messrs. Hoar and Hubbard than eith
er Charleston or New-Orleans-? What a field for the
missionary tods of Abby Folsom ! What a harvest tor
the pious labors ol Garrison and the black Douglass—
provided the latter gcntlemau were not taken damage
feasant by the constabulary.
The legal disimctions between the two races which
admit of one holding property; iu the other, is not broad
er than tiiat established by the constitution of Illinois.—
And wi r h what force can the free States insist upon
emancipation w hen one of their own nuinbei refuses to
permit tree jieople of color to cross her boundaries? Ver
ily the decision of the people of Illinois betokens tile
quietus ol the most arrant and disgusting humbug that
lias vet arisen to threaten the peace and integrity of
ibis union.—iV. O. Vicayunt.
Hang up a Picture in your room.
May we exhort such of our readers as have no pic
tures hanging in their roo.i s, to put up on*- immediate
ly I We mean in their principal sitting room-—in all
their rooms, if possible—but at all events in that one.—
no matter how costly, or the reverse, provided they see
nomrthing in if, and a gives them a profitable or pleas
ant thought. Some may allege that they have no taste
lor pictures —for trees, lor landscapes, lor human beau
ty, for scenes of life ; or if not for all these, vet surely
for some of it is highly useful lor the human
mind to give itself helps towards taking an interest in
things apart fromits immediate cares or desires. They
serve to refresh us for their better conquest or endu
rance—to render sorrow unselfish—to remind us that
we, ourselves, or our own personal wishes, are not the
only objects m ihe world—to instruct and elevate us,
and put us in a fairer way of realizing the good opinions
which we would all fain entertain of ourselves.
Mr. llazlitt has said, somewhere, of a portrait of a
beautiful tamale withs noble oountenance, that n seems
as if an unhandsome action would be impossible in its
presence.
Tne companionship oft another greater or better man
than ourselves, must do us good, unless we are desti
tute of all modesty or pannier And a picture is a
companion,and the neat thaog to the presence of what
it represents. We may livs ui the thick of a city, for
instancs, and can seldom go out, and “feed” ourselves
“■ With pleasure of the breeding fields ; M
but we can put upn picture of the fields before us, and
us we get used to it, we shall the next thing to
seeing the fields at a distance. For every picture is a
kind of window, which supplies us with a fine sight;
and many a thick, unpierced wall thus lets us into the
studies of the greatest men, and most beautiful scenes
of nature.
By living with pictures we learn to read them—to
see into every nook and corner of a landscape, and eve
ry lecture of the mind, and it is impossible to be in the
habit of these perusals, or even of being vaguely consci
ous of the good and beautiful, and considering them as
belonging to U 9, or forming a part of our common places,
without be mg, at the very least, leas subject to trie dis
advantages uusing from having no such thought at all.
Now, it so happens that the cheapest engravings
though they cannot come up to the merits of the origi
nal , often contain uo mean portion or aha do w of them—
and when we speak of putting up pictures in u room,
we use the word “picture” in the child's sense, mean
ing any kind of graphic representation, oil, water color,
copper-plate drawing or wood cut.— Leigh Hunt.
MiiMsncliusettN Railroads.
Fourteen years ago (April 7; the first train of Rail
road passenger cars left Boston for Davis's Tavern,
ui Newtown, to which place the Worcester. Kabroad
was then opened. The number of miles now comple
ted and m operation within the territorial limits of Mss
sachusetts is 728—a ratio of one mile of railroad to
each ten square mikes of its surface, and constructed at
a cost of $34,161 £l3. We extract from an artiole up
on the Hull roads of Massachusetts in Hunt s Mer
chants’ Magazine for the. present month, written by
David M. Balfour, Kaq. of Boston, the following synop
sis of their operations for the year 1047. The Wosces
terand Providence, and the Vermont and Muasachu
sstts, are omitted * for the reason tliut the former was
not opened until the close of the last yeai, and that ths
latter is still uncompleted :
receipts.
From passengers,. • • .$3,630£1$
From freights..
From 199£0J
Total Receipts - - -$5^01,081
umuia.
Road bed M uo-o..M{M
Motive p0wer,........•••••••••* .476,698
Miscellaneous, •... 1£74,686
Total exp un— 3 £53,331
Net income, 3,6W£9U
Average net income per cent 7,71
N limber of uiik* run by pasaengrr trains,... . I 097001
Number of miles run by height trains,...... 1.311,793
Number of tubes run by oilier trams, .32607$
Total number of miles run,....... .3,335,669
Average total receipt per mils run sl^6
Average total expense per mile run 0,77
Average nett income,. l\\ $0,79
Number of pnsacugers carried in cars 5£54£7$
Number of passengers can tod one mile,.., .103,0517,404
N umber tons merchandise carried I.7jjJJ*J
Number ions me rcliauduw carried I m ~. 66,187,617
[Ckmlsstsm