Newspaper Page Text
u y s. lIOSE & CO.
*V S. HOSE. Editor*.
T ER>*<
■ . Inurml Jf Messenger is published eve
■ T X,l'ifffy morning in the city of Macon, at the
reduced HATE:
■ I .Irirllv in advance, per year 50
I ‘lf'Xn advance 3 00
I ‘ till the end of the year 4 00
I ( , terms will he rigidly enforced, without re-
I l" 1 '” “’™ ns the object of the Publisher* is to do
Hir’ I"’ oossihle upon the cash principle—
■ “ ‘(hit Vir subscribers should reap the profits
u.inito agent* and collector*. In no case
H 1 J i'i" lll| o^ ?( , Iltolll ,ifthe Slate unless tirst paid
I” :, ‘a’w'*ctory reference is given in Macon or its
I h.nTUI'MhNTd inserted at the usual rates—
■ tl” i,K l.a'when handed in, will he inserted till
■'""Vr,"sills- and discount will he allowed to persons
■toroid ; tail’ lhe , aT am l w ho pay on demand.
■ * re notices,and obituary notices of aver
■ U Charged at the usual rates.
anmTu'ice,neats of candidates for office, to be paid
County Officers,
■ Auctioneers, and others, who may wish to
B ,n i KrU ns advertisin’' 1 will I'lease oliserve the following: i
I r by Executors, A,lmims
■ L and Guardians, are required by law to lie adver
■ V.;, public gazette, sixty days previous to the day
■ ol nil sales must be. held on the first Tuesday in the
■ fhetween the hours of ten in the forenoon and
I: 1 . 1 ,: n die aftemm,at the Court House in tne county
l :n ; . ‘tler.d PersonaT Property ‘"<"* ndvertised in
l viuom and Creditors of an Estate must lie
l P ”y l ,ureita!app&ti<m , will be made to the Court of
■no'nnrv leave to sell Hand and Negroes, must be
Ini.hinhcd weekly tor four months.
~, or betters of Adiiimistration must be puh-
B„ It. rly day* —for Dismission Administration,
Wtitldy eix montho-ior Dismission Iron, f.uard.an-
Ku/Mtorlbreclosure of mortgage, must he published
hit far four monthe- lor establishing lost papers,
WJ ke f M apace of three monthe-for compiling tt-
Hl from Executors or Administrators where a bond has
given by the deceased, the full apace of three
B*i3* , i‘etiers on business to be post-paid.
I Millinery it ml Dross Making.
I MRS. WORTHINGTON,
■ RESPECTFULLY informs the Ladies of Ma
■BB C Oll and vicinity, that she is prepared to execute
■ VAany orders in the above line, in a neat and sash-
Hioaabit* manner.
■ uLE lUIIING. —All kinds Leghorn and Straw
■Bonnets bleached and altered in the latest style—also,
■li-nu'iiifif- Panama, Straw and Leghorn Ilats bleach-
K ami pressed in a superior manner. She is confi
■deiHiruni a thorough knowledge of the business, of
Btrv tw.satisfaction to those who favor her with their
■Mronage. Residence over Messrs. Graves,
Mwoon £ Co’s Store.
■ Macon. March 8 49 3m
I PIANOS! PIANOS!!
Bjj) JUST received from J. Chickering,
■n ♦ I toman's iEolian attachment,) Lemuel Gil
and others, a tine assortment ot PIANO FORTES.
■The iom? and well known reputation of these instru-
Hnems, precludes the necessity ol pufting. We have a
Ktii assortment of wood and brass instruments of
Hi descriptions, consisting in part of Seraphims, Gui-
H&rs. Violins. Accordians, Flutes, Bugles. Tromboons,
Hrmiiipets, Coruopions, Opheclides, Mellodions, Viohn-
Heiio Drums, Bites, Concert Homes, &c. &,c. Fash-
Honabu- music instruction books tor Piano, Guitar,
H>. ind Violin, Violin and Guitar Strings,dec. dec.,
■ivtu’..id Silver Watches of the finest quality. Jewel-
R, silver Spoons of pure silver, Castors, Candlesticks, ‘
Hiirnndoles, Lamps, &c.
■ Watches and Clocks repaired in the most perfect j
Bianner. and warranted. Thanklnl for past favors, 1
Be nope to receive a share of public patronage, for
Brrt.cn we will give value received.
I BRUNO dfc VIRGINS.
I Macon, Jan 12 41 6m
I WOOD AND BRADLEY,
I MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN
A BIN E T FURNITUE
AND
§ I Tit CHAIRS.
V OULD most resi)ectfully inform the citizens of
Macon, and public generally, that having avail-
Hr..vniaeJvrs of the Services of some of the very best
H irKmen, and having a supply of the l)est materials,
He prepared to make to order any article in their line j
Hal tition to our present stock, such as Dining, Tea,
B'ii're, Side, Work, Toilet, Quartette and Sola Tables,
H ‘'iius ; Sideboards ; Sofas and Wardrobes; Sofas ;
W'm • Ottomans; Tettetetes ; Foot-stools; Secreta
m- Dusks and Book Cases ; Ladies’ Work Boxes and
H< >le Desks ; Piano Stool; Looking Glasses and
Hne hates of all sizes ; Gilt, Mahogany and Walnut
Hraines of all sizes for Pictures and Portraits ; Cane
Hr. Settees and Counter Stools ; Mahogany and Wal-
B u: l hairs, Plush and Hair Cloth Seuts ; a great varie
ty “I curled Maple and Walnut Cane seats and other
B i<l|s K icking C iairs of patterns too numerous to
Hcnuon . Mahogany, Walnut, curled and plain Maple,
Huplar and Pine Bedsteads, cheaper than ever ; Win-
H A Shades, new, lieautitul and rare patterns ; Feath
er* father Beds , Mattrasses of curled Hair, Cotton
Bod Moss.
B,^ e ave tnany articles not enumerated or introduc-
H m this market
Manufacturers —For sale, Fumitue Varnish,
n, Walnut, Plush,and Veniersand Bed Posts
urnitue repaired neatly and with dispatch.
H|d and Chairs reseated or covered with Huir
Hs'thor Cane.
B Macon, Nov. 3, 1847. 6m—tf
Piano Forte**.
subscriber respctfully informs the citizens of
■L Georgia, that he has the Agency for the sale of
■JANOS from a manufactory in New York—the arti
offered, is of the best woiKinanslnp and materials,
H d l be latest style, very superior at low prices.—
wishing to purchase, can see one of these in-
B ru!u, ' l ‘i at the sulwcriber’s residence
■ w JAMES VAN VALKENBURGH
■ Macon, Jon 5, 1848. 40 ts
I UMUII NADDLIA!
MORRIS &l WESTCOTT have on hand
of SADDLES, HAR-
I NESS and CARRIAGE TRIM MLNGS, of
B kuids, winch they will sell at prices to suit the times
■beir facilities are such that they can sell lower tlian
K ot her establishment of the kind in the city.
■ biw us a call before you buy, is all we ask for a re-
H‘niii min non R EPAI RING done at reduced prices,
H * w, *rkman-like manner.
■ Uttiui Avenue,next door to A. J. & D. W. Orr.
■ wc 3, 1816. 42
11. IU CARKIAGEN A IIARNKM.
oAint &l Wilcox.son have on
hand, at their old aland on Mulberry
street, Macoti, one of the most exten-
H” *nd valuable stocks of ready made
■ CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, BULKIES,
I Arc. Ac. Arc.
in the Southern States. Customers can be
either with Northern urticles or with
Duinestie manufacture, ns they prefer Their
Hu ~lal ruU w very superior, and uieir workmen
Hi r T?*? 0 ® b y any the Northern shops. They i
nii’ rc, 'pr’ w * Pr#nl article which they oAer !
H^ lv . f**e| fissured that, for extent, beauty ,va-
their present stm*k is not sur- 1
Soiuh.
■t ‘ “ifiHges, &c. inn,lf to orilor, ami all kind* of
■ tlatip with npatiifiM utul df*|>atfh.
1111 tbe mo*t accommodating torim, i
■ hr. n **■ Step., Hondo. Umpt, Conrh
H Pti.,i i!’" 1 “"‘t Top leather, Plated and Ja
■ f Hornet, Mounting,; Paint,, <hit, Vur-
WpXm. M
■ Hne spring goods.
H ‘"''dmignnl arc How receiving a very autirrior
w , ; . ’ mill Veatiwa lor Spring
■ ,‘“ u Ull 7 re priqiaicd lo make up m fine ■lylc
mm H tnoji ratc tcrina, particularly lor Cahu.
■ M„ UiM FETER At JAUJBTETTER.
■ If
■ pilf. ‘"‘"K Ooodw HI VViMMI llli’n.
H would irwiccll'ully ini'timi the riti-i
~fj, ‘'icun.Huiroun.fmg country and all pur-I
11. ’ o “‘"d”. that Ilf w now receiving u good .
■ and Funny ‘
OOODS,
| o I.! r* ‘V 11 rrftl *'amble pin es Among Ids
> (| •aiiethiug entirely new tor Lndies
■) K| .. J^ tr, .fhe (irenndtne. Ilns he Bresilten. s. .
m I***'!** Be rages mid Silks, Oriental
■H Ir-itr. . 1 Silk tfinghnms.Carlton, Scotch
’ k.,\ jaconet, Nansook, Mill
Li i i ‘'"1*111 ’nnihrie lf<lkls, Bird Eye Di-
H 1 -* |r,-iV 1’ “ ,nr f’ants, Blond ( loth” Cusirncree,
%r > f i*v.. ri ', n %*Sheeting, cotton and silk
’"'in,. .. brown find blenched sheeting i
, hl ‘ ‘■'•“"l’- Uarpciiug. Kugg., \v Ax -
■ *• fa.. ‘ variety ol Goods iieuullv kept
Bt ‘ * v* „ I "‘| Uu,,u n *■ to all come mill examine
HH “i Sy ~, ‘ , i;, ve lloilouhl the ( omd will plense
WM ‘ j;. rUlKtlr rl,next dour toG. W /’ffre’f.
6eorcjm Journal illcssengtr*
NEW GOODS! NEW GOODS!!
r rMfE snhscriher would respectfully call the attention
I ot the citizens ol Macon and trading community
generally, to tile extenai ve and carefully selected stock ot
spring iiutl Goods
which ia now ojTered for sale nt the lowest market pri
ees. From the unusual care and pains taken in his se
lections from the different importing houses in N. York,
hr Halters himself with the hope of being able to give en
tire satisfaction to all who may favor him with a call;
hi* stock is not surpassed by any in the city, in variety,
style, quality, &c.
Aitwnp othet articles he is now receiving and opening,
French, English and American Prints, Furniture do.
I’ancv col’d, checked,striped & plaid Ginghams, Organ
drys &, striped Clinmbrays, Fancy col’d & strip'd Lawns
Mourning do. and Mourning Balzarine Prints, French
Muslins, do Ginghnmsand Bnrage Drew Patterns, a
great variety, Cotton Balzarines, French Jaconet and
Cambrics and India Luwns, White Jaconet, Checked,
Corded, Cross-harred, Swiss and Book Muslins, 10-4
and 12-4 Linen Sheeting, Pillow-case Linen, 6, 10 &
. . Bleached and Brown Sheeting, Damask Towel
mg, Do. Table Cloth, Bird’s-eye, Scotch and Russia
Diapers, Irish Linen, Nankeens, Cottonade, Colored
and Plaid Domestics and Fancy Plaid Linen, White,
Colored, Brown arid Black Cotton Hose, Colored,
White and Black Silk Hose ; with a general and as
sorted stock of READY-MADE CLOTHING, the
Soods carefully selected in the pieces and made to or
er after the latest and most fashionable styles, and al
so a variety ol Gents. Dress Goods.
Notice.
THE subscriber will constantly have on hand here
and at his shop in Forsyth, a general stock of the
j best article ot home Manufactured NEGRO SHOES,
with every description of Leather.
h ine BOOTS and SHOES made to order as his
shop m Forsyth. ISAAC WINSHIP.
At the stand formerly occupied by A. J. b D. IV. (hr,
on the corner of Cotton Avenxte if Cherry St.
Macon, MarchS 49
Notice to itlerctmnitt.
THE subscribers take this method of informing the
Merchants of Middle and Southern Georgia, and
! Alabama, that they are hiakmg at the Flint River Fac
tory, in Upson county, a very superior article of SAirl
\ag’ ‘-8 wide. They offer this article to the friends of
Southern enterprize and industry as cheap or cheaper,
than it can be obtained from the North; while it is in
every respect much superior. It is remarkable for the
strength and roundness ofthe thread, and for the smooth
ness and compactness ol the cloth. Specimens may be
seen at Ross A Brothers, in Macon, Richards A Jeffer
son's, Columbus, and at Herrington’s in Griffin.
Merchants and others wishing an article ot the kind,
and who are disposed to patronize Georgia labor and
skill, would do well to call and examine the goods. It
can be had low, and if necessary on time.
FLINT RIVER MANUFACTURING COM’Y
Fab 23 47 cj t
HOUSE KEEPING ARTICLES.
LUCAN a ATKINSON have just received and
offer for sale, Carpeting,, Rugo; Blanket,, Tick
ings. 10-4 and 12-4 Linen Sheeting and pillow case
Linens; 10-4 and 12-4 Cotton Sheeting and pillow case
Cotton; Irish Linens; American and English Long
Cloths; table Linen and table Cloths and Napkins;
Russia, Scotch and Hucaback Towellings; fitmiture
Calico and furniture Dimity; Table Covering of vari
ous kinds; 10-L 11-4 and 12-4 Blankets, of best makes;
Woolen and Cotton Flannels, all qualities; Striped.
Plaid and Lmbroidered Curtain Muslins; colored and
white Marseilles Quilts; together with their usually
large variety of black and colored Dress Silks, Cash
meres, Plaid Goods, Shawls, Worked Collars, Ameri
can and British Prints, Silk and Cotton Hosiery, Gloves,
Hdkfe,, Ac., Ac., to which they invite the attention of
their friends and the public generally.—Cloths, Cased
meres, Sattinets, Kentucky Jeans, Kerseys, Linseys,
English, French and American Tweeds, Vestings, just
received; which we will sell at the very lowest prices
„ LOGAN A ATKINSON.
ept 29 26tf.
RICH SILKS AND CASHMERES.
THE undersigned have received anew and beauti
ful stock ot Rich Fall Dress Silks and Cashmeres,
consisting in partot plain changeable, striped and plaid,
Gro de Rhine, Gro de Royale.Gro de Algier, Gro de
Pekin, Satin de Chine, Ottoman and other DressSUkJ
\ black Taffeta. Poult de Soule, Satin Russe, Gro Grain,
j pluin,striped and watered Silks, for Scarfs Ac.; new
style rich printed Cashmeres, sniped and plaid Slous
seline de Lame, in various patterns: super plaid Cash
meres; Lupin's best qualities French Merinoes of all
shades; Gale. Clarence and Oregon Plaids; Worked
Collars and Capes; embroided, revere, hemstitched
and corded Lawn and Linen Cambric Hdk'ls.; Silk
and Cotton Hosiery, Gloves,See., All of which will
be sold by the piece or otherwise, at usually low price*.
LOGAN A ATKINSON.
sept 89 26tf.
Crockery and Glass Ware.
lAIN ING and Tea Sets, superfine Stone and China
Ware, Liverpool and Plain Ditto, Plain, and
Fluited Glass Ware of every description, Tumblers,
; Decanters, Wines, Fruit Baskets. Pitcners, Ac., a very
j large and general stock just received by.
LOGAN A ATKINSON,
sept 29 26tf.
Griswold’s Cotton Gins.
THE Subscriber is better prepared than ever before,
for manufacturing a superior article of GINS, hav
ing procured better materials, better workmen, better
machinery tor doing work, and added all new improve
ment suggested by past experience. The previous ce
lebrity of these Gins since his introduction of the Pat
ent Water Boxes, has increased their sales to over one
thousand in a single season.
No exertion will be remitted necessary to render
them worthy of a still higher reoutution. Engage
ments can lie made on accommodating terms, either
with his Agents, who will call on Planters generally,
or by letter directed to him, at Clinton, Jones county,
Georgia SAMUEL GRLSWOLD.
March 15 50 3m*
Taylor's C elebrated Colton dins.
rrWE undersigns! inform the public, that they have
1 been appointed Agents lor the sale of those celebra
ted COTTON GINS, manufactured by E. T. Taylor
& Cos. formerly of Girard, Ala. but now of Columbus,
Ga., where is established one ot the most exten
sive and complete manufactories in the South. The
materials used are of the best quality. The machinery
is all new, and constructed on the most approved plans
for the manufacture of Cotton Gins.
The machinists and workmen employed in the estab
lishment are skillful and experienced in the business ;
and they have made such improvements in the mechan
ism & construction of the Gins that they teel certain, in
every case, to furnish a Gin which will perform admi
rably well, and give the purchaser entire satisfaction
In the way ol recommendation, we need only say.
that we famished several hundred of the late improved
Ivins to planters in various Darts of the country during
the season, and not one of that number has failed to give
general satisfaction, both in speed and the sample ol
Cotton.
BT ORDERS can he MM to H T Taylor & Cos.
by mail, or contracts made with their Agents who are
travelling through the country.
GINS will be sent to any part of tht* country, and in
all cases warranted to perform well.
Persons addressing the Proprietors by mail, will di
rect their letters to Columbus, Ga.
N OUSLEY &. SON.
__Mareh 22 51
Massey’s Improved Cotton Gins.
THE sulwerilier i* now prepared to manufacture a au
penor article of COTTON GINS, having procu
red materials of the lieal ipinlity and leiiiit supplied with
the Iwet of workmen. Ik sides lie la now making con
aiderahle addition to his machinery, which will enable
him to furnish as good gins, anti on aa reasonable
terms, as any factory in the State
The subscriber has the exclusive right of Simpson’a
Patent, (for apply mg raetalic robber to drums, pullies.
-Vo.) for smile fifty <3 the licet cotton growing counties
in the Stale ; which he intends applying to his gins
when required. And it ia certainly of great advant
age to the cotton gin, for it not only requires one third
leas power to propel it, where the lurUlir rubber la ap
plied, hut the gin, running geer, and every thing enn*
neeied with ii, will last as inurh longer in proportion.
I believe there is no one of common artier hut will ad
mit, that die lighter machinery of any kind can run,
the longer it w ill lust.
It appears that a great many persona prefer what ia
called a water box, to all such 1 would say, that it ia not
worth tats cent far (he piir|Niar recommended—that ia
to prevent till'gin from taking tire, lor line simple rea
son, n gin never Hikes fire irum die box. but invariably
from tin-brush inside the gin, (when it takes firs at all.)
Hut ns every intin has Ins own notions, I will furnish a
box of my own invention (to all who may require ft,)
equal to the patent water box.
N B.—Utna aent to any part of the country, and in
every case warranted to perform well
fiettera addrraaed to the aubsertber at Macon, Ga.,
will receive prompt ulteutiou.
0. W MASBEV.
March 22 51 ly
l ine rinnlnlinii Tor kale.
ffifi THE subscriber intending to remove to Alaba-
lor the purpose of taking personal charge of
hismterestathere, idlers for sale Ins PLANTA
TION and setilemrnt m Ihisnii county, situileii with
in one mid a hall imicant Thoina.lon. am. within one
mile “I do li ilrn.nl limn lluriiesviil Columbus,
consisting m A<i7 acres lint quality land, 808 of which
ure clean'd and ill a fine slate of cultivation, huvtng
been highly and trequenllv manured On the premises
are a good Dwelling and Negro Houses, s au|srior
Gin House mol every other building and eovemenee
necessary on u well ananged plantation. The improve
ments are all ill good condition, the woodlands are of
superior quality —the whole located in one of the very
best neighborhoods in Georgia This property will
prntivrly ia- sold at a bargain, provided application
lie made immediately, E. A. PEARCE.
March 15 50 ts
MACON, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MAY 10, 1848.
FASHIONABLE AND CHEAP.
Hamilton & hymons, Vo.n.Wkitakor i
Street, Savannah, have on hand the most choice
and extensive assortment of French, English, and i
Belgian ,
< loth's, f'as*imt>rF* and Vtvtlinits
that can he found in the Southern States They have
been aeleeted with the greatest care from the very
best imptntntinns, and will lie manufactured to order |
in the neatest manner, and upon short notice, either
forCush or approved credit Personsfrom lhe up-coun
try are particularly invited to call, as they cannot fail
to be suited both in price and quality.
HAM I ETON A SYMONS have also on hand a
very large and extensive assortment of
READY-MADE CLOTHING,
manufactured in the best style, and from materials care
fully selected by themselves in the Northern markets.
These they are prepared to sell nearly, if not quite as
low as an icles of the same quality can fie purchased in
New York.
Wishing to extend their business particularly in the
up-country, they invite Planters and Country Merch
ants to call and examine for themselves.
Savannah, Oct. 20,1847. 29 ts
,71 ore New Goods.
THE subscriber is now receiving another fresh lot of
NEW GOODS, direct from New York, which
together with those already in store, makes one of the
| largest and most desirable stocks he has ever had.—
’ Many entire new styles which are very handsome may
be found, as his stock is now complete, and those in
pursuit of fine dross goods will find the following pat
terns, viz:
Rich Broche Grenadine Fancy Muslin Needle
“ Satin stripe emb. Be- Worked Collars
rages Silk and Cotton Hosiery
“ Broche Brestletenes Bird’s Eye Diaper
“ Plaid Silk Luxore Jaconet, Nansook, Mull
“ Tissue Bareges and Swiss Muslin
“ Silk Muslins Linen Cambric Hdkfa.
“ Lisl;Ginghams Hemstitched do
“ Earlston A French do Bleach and Brown Table
“ Emb. Muslin do Diaper •
“ Printed Jac’t Muslins Bleached Satin Jeans
“ “ French Lawns “ and brown Sheetings
Calicoes and Shirtings
Fancy Silk Cravats, Marseilles and Satin Vestings,
Broadcloths, Cassimeres, Summer Cassimeres and
Gambroous, Cottonades, Union Plaids for Pantaloons,
Nankeen, Black Lasting, Drnpd’Ta, very fine Russia
and Scotch Diapers, fi-4 and 12-4 Cotton Sheeting,
Linen Sheeting, Linen for Pillow Cases, Irish Linens,
Carpeting, Rugs, Ac. The public are invited to call
as there are great inducements for those purchasing
new Goods for cash. G. W. WOODRUFF.
Store on Second street, next door to G. W. Price's.
April 26 4
NEW GOODS.
FINE Silks, Barages and Muslins, just received at
I. WINSHIP'S.
Macon, May 3, 1848. 5
WashiiiKtoii Hall Stables.
Jlt'Xtß THE undersigned have taken th
Stables formerly kept by A. C. More-
HOUSE, and offer Carnages, Buggies,
-“—“—Sulkies, Saddle Horses. Ac Ac to
Hire. They have also careful and competent groom*,
and will keep aingle Horse* or Droves by the Day,
Week, or Month, on the most reasonable terms.
, , MASON A DIBBLE.
April 4, 1848. l ly
Macon and W estern Kail Itoad.
gjgWSglggiHi
CHANGE OF HOURS.
ON and after the 27th March, the Passenger trains
of this Road will run daily as follows, connecting
at Atlanta with the Western and Atlantic and Geor
gia Rail Roads.
Leave Macon at 6 A. M.—arrive at Atlanta 12t,
at Dalton 8P M.
Leave Dalton 4 A. M —arrive at Atlanta II A. M.
and Macon, 6P. M.
Passengers for Savannah will sleep one night in Ma
con , and leave next day at 7A. M.
The Trains of the Western and Atlantic Road do
not run on Sundays
Fares between Dalton and Savannah .sls
Macon 9
Atlanta and Savannah..... 10
“ “ ‘! Macon 4
EMERSON FOOTE* Superintendent.
Macon, March 22 51
NEW ARRANGEMENT.
United States Mail Line—Bally.
Between Savannah and Charleston via Hilton Head
and Beaufort, Inland two-thirds of the way.
g * .'J> THE WELL LKOWN / •
Steam Packets. Tf*’
.METAMOK A, Captain F. Barden,
WM. SEABROOK, Capt. T Lyon,
GEN. CLINCH, Capt. Wm. Curry,
Will hereafter leave Savannah every evening at half
past 8 o’clock, and Charleston every morning at 9 o’-
clock, precisely, touching at Hilton Head and Benu
fort each way, and avoiding two-thirds of the sea route.
For Freight or Passage apply on board or to
BROOKS A TUPPER, Ag’ts Savannah.
E. LAFITTE, A CO. Agts Charleston.
N. B.—All Goods, intended for Savannah or Charles
ton,, will be forwarded by the Agents if directed to their
care, free of commissions
All w ay freight payable by shippers.
Jan 26 43
Neinl-weekly (J. 8. Mail,
SAVANNAH A PALATKA, FLA.
BT THE WAV OT
Darien, Brunswick, St. Mary's, Ga.; Jacksonville,
Black Creek and Picolata, Fla.
In connection with the Charleston Daily Mail Steam
packets at Savannah, the steamer SARAH SPALD
ING, from Palatka to Lake Monroe, the U. S. Mail
Stage* from Picolata to St Augustine, and from Black
Creek, via Newnansville, Alligator, Mineral Springs
and Columbus, to Tallahassee
OCAMULGEE, Capt P McNelty.
ST. M ATTHEWS, Capt. N Kuig.
WM. GASTON, Capt. J. Hebbard
The Packets leave Savannah every Tuesday and
Saturday mumings, at 10 o'clock, and arrive at Picola
ta in tune for the Mail Stages to go through to St. Au- i
gustine before night every Thursday and Monday ,
Returning, leave Palatka every Tuesday and Friday ,
morning a 7 o’clock, touching as above each way
BROOKS A TUPPER, Agenta
Savannah, Jan 26 43
N B,—Goods unsigned to the agents fbrwa rded free I
of commission. Freight from Savannah and Charles- ‘
ton, and all way freight, payable by shippers’
ROBERT A. ALLEN,
Factor and Commission Merchant,
No. 112, Hay Street, Novttunah, Geo.
WILL attend atrictly to the storage and aale of
Cotton, Com, Flour, and other produce, and will
make liberal caah advances on goods consigned to his
House
Kefikences.— Mr James A. Niabet,’
E B. Weed, „
J. H R. Washington,
Graves. Wood A Cos ,
Dye A Robertson, Jugwslo.
Bration A Young. Marietta
Dr. George F. Pierce, S,.arta
July 21,1847. lyl
HARDEMAN ft HAMILTON.
Wnir-House and Commission Merchants,
MACON,
HAMILTON ft HAHHHMAI7,
file tors and Commission Merchants,
SAVANNAH,
WILL give prompt attention to the sale ot
gftMM Cotton and Country produce, as well aa to
the tilling of orders for Bagging, Hope, and
family supplies. Sept. 22. 2f> tl
WAREHOUSE AND COMMISSION BUSINESS
rrccw THE mbseriber, having removed from the
Wiggiioiui occupied by him last year, and
bSH taken that lung known aa Gaxvaa’ W samurai,
opprsute to Gaxvrs, Wood 4. Co's. Store, reapectfrdly
tenders his thanks to his former pstrons and Mends, and
aolicits a couununncrol llietr patronage, with the aasur
ance that he will devote his whole tune and spare no ef
orts to promote their interest Liaxaxt. xovxseaa will
he marts to those wlio require them; and order* for
SAGGING. ROPE and TWIN E, and other Merchan
dize, promptly tilled on the must reasonable terma
GEO JEWETT.
May ItHh, I-M7 7
DYSON. COOPER ft MUATI
’ WILL continue the WARE HOUSE and
kJMfOM MISSION ItISINESN the ensiling
season, at their Eire-Proof Ware-House
Thankful to our fnenda for their fomiar patronage,
we respectfully ask a continuanoe of the mine, with
the aasuranee that our beat efforts will be given to pre
inole their interests
Liberal xdvxncss will be made on cotton in Store,
at customary rates
THoaxa pyaoN, joa. a. moria.XNO wa. a. Soar STS. I
Macon, March), IMS. 4* ly
Aliiaantftrn Itowling *aloon
AND BILLIARD ROOM.
THE Subscriber has become the proprietor ofthe
above establishment, and intend* to keep it at all
times in proper order, bo that gentlemen may have an
opportunity to epjoy pleasant exercisa in a neat and
cool room.
THE PULASKI BILLIARD ROOM-opposite
the Pulaski House—is kept open us usual; and the
public are most respectfully invited to call at either ol
the above places.
PATRICK CURRAN.
Savannah, April 19. 3 3t
Nf'w Spring Good* and Millinery.
DIRS. DA MOV T It has just received anew
of the richest goods in her line, con
mating in Silks, Muslins, Ginghams, Cherre Lus
tre, Baragrg, all of new styles and patterns, Also, a
tew rich Embroidered Silk Wedding Dresses, the finest
ever brought to Macon; a large assortment of Shawls
and Scarfs—hamelar, Neapoletan, Chip, Tuscans,
Dunstable and Straw Bonnets, Flats, &c., and a va
riety of other goods usually kept in that line.
Macon, March 22 51 5t
tW* Federal Union will copy five times.
Siraw Bleaching; & Dick* making.
Mrs. KENNEDY, would inform the ladies of
Macon, and the adjourning country that she has
removed to the wooden house, formerly occupied
as the Telegraph printing Office,and next door to Mr.
Plants Carriage shop, where she will attend to the above
business and from her long experience those who en
trust w'ork to her care may feel satisfied not only in hav
ing it finished in the neatest manner, but in the latest
and most fashionable style.
teW A lew Black Bilk Laces suitable for Visettet
for sale cheap.
April 4 1 5t
More New Goods at BANCROFT’S,
(NOW OPENING.)
1 nf\ PARASOLS, 37*® $3 00,
1 JU 100 Fans, 25 ® $2 50.
Summer Silks,
Grenadines,
Muslins and Ginghams.
April 12 2
Just Received at ItANICKOFT’S.
FINE Kid Gloves,
Jaconet and Swiss Muslin Trimmings,
Rich Thread Laces,
Shell, Tuck and Side Combs,
Fine Bombazines,
Rich Black and Colored Silks,
Foulard Silks, Ac. Ac.
April 12 g
Groceries,.
& 9li * l continue the
kJ GKOCERI business, and keep constantly on hand
a lull supply of every article in their line, which they
are disposed to sell in any quantity, on as good terms
as any other house in the State.
April 19. 3
Sugars.
A fV HHDS Muscovado and PortoJßioo.
*xO 45 do. New-Orleans, fine quality.
75 BBLS. Coffee crushed.
20 do Crushed and Powdered.
20 boxes Refined Loaf
Just received and for sale by
SCOTT, CARHART A CO.
Apnl 19. 3
Cofiee.
1 fUt Bags Prime Rio.
1 vrxl 40 do. Old Java.
8 Half bales Mocha.
In Store and for sale by
SCOTT, CARHART A CO.
April 19, 3
Brandies.
1 11 Half pipes dark “Otard” old and fine.
I\J 10 do. light do. do.
5 do. pale do. do.
For sale by
SCOTT, CARHART A CO.
Apnl 19, 3
1 tl PIPES HOLLANDGIN, a genuine article.
’ 30 BBLS OLD MONONGAHELA WHIS
KL Y.
In Store and tor sale by
SCOTT, CARHART A CO.
1 Apnl 19, 3
Fine Winea.
OLD MADEIRA of the very best quality.
Do. SHERRY do. do
Do. PORT the pure juice ot the grape.
CHAMPAGNE ANDCLAREt]choicest brands
Also—Second quality Madeira, Sherry and Port.
> A large supply in Store and lor sale by
SCOTT, CARHART A CO.
April 19, 3
Whiskey, Gill mid ltum.
1 Ci IY BBLS Rectified Whiskey.
IGG 75 do. Baltimore do.
150 do. PHELPS (and other brands) GIN.
50 do. U. E. RUM.
f On hand and for aale by
SCOTT, CARHART A CO.
April 19, 3
Tobacco and Cigars.
A large Stock, of every brand and quality,always on
hand and for sale low by
. „ SCOTT, CARHART A CO.
. Apnl 19, 3
Faints, Oils, Ac.
WHITE LEAD of different qualities
LINSEED OIL.
LAMP do.
WINDOW GLASS—different sizes.
In store and for sale by
A 1,0 SCOTT, CARHART A CO.
April 19. 3
Porter.
*IOO 002. LONDON PORTER(pintsand quarts,)
‘ JyJ O I his day received, and for sale by
SCOTT, CARHART A CO.
Apnl 26. 4
Bncon.
50,000 3!oaHbs on pr.ine leaf lard in store and
‘A&fcth.m AJW g
Musical Instruments.
THE undersigned having been sppomted Agent foe
I 2ogh*um’s Harmonic Institute, Charleston, S
C. is enabled to offer an assortment of Musicol Instru
inentsat unparalleled low prices; lie will also keep
constantly on hand an assortment of Musical Merchan
dize ol all kinds. Complete sets of Instruments for
Bands Ac can be furnished
These goods are imported into Charleston direct from
Europe by Mr. Zogbaum, and can therefore be affonl
ed at prices tar below any thing that has yet been offer
ed in this part of the country.
March 22 51 6m B. L. BURNETT.
B. L. BIIKNCTT,
CJL. HAS removed from the old stand of C. K
Jf- is li enluntrth ts Cos. to Cotton Avenue, near the
**t™comerofCheny street, where he is prepared to
offer hia customer* old and new, some of the cheapest
bargains in JEWELRY ever sold m Macon. His
collection of goods has been made with great care, and
will be sold remarkably cheap
All kinds of Clock nnd Watch Work done with
dewateh and warranted.
April 5 i
FINE WATCHER.—Just received and for aale.
neit door to Mr, Bancroll's, on Cotton Avenue,
anew mipply of Fine Gold Hunting, Double Bottom
and Ancher Lever Gold Watcbea. Warranted to keep
time, and at prices to suit the timea.
April 5 1 II L BURNETT
\\ATf If K MVS.—A new and elegant article,
v v Dont forget to call and see ilicm.
April 5 I II I, BURNETT.
I’KNh in both Child and Silver holders.
V* Also, a large aaaortmrm of Gold and Silver Pen
cils—the beat and cheapest in the market
April 5 1 B. L BURNETT.
f ’OLD STUDS for Gentlemen s use and now all
VI the I saloon, for Bale by
April 5 I II L. BURNETT.
FMNGEH KINGS,—A new and elegant assort
ment, just received. B. L BURNETT
April 5 i
LADIES’ Hit HAST PINS.-A few 7.1 new
patterns, rare and extremely neat, for rale at
April 5 I B L. BURNETTS
Ol'i:t 111 l.l> G< I & Silver Iran villi Hurt's
tj Perifocal Glasses—the besl now m usi , tor aide by
April 4 1 B L HI ‘ll NET T
OOLAR LAMPS fine Huitania
O and Brass Chamber Candlestick*. for sale by
Aprtl 5 I BJL BURNETT
OII.VEH SIMHiSS .iid Batter Katvw jml ro-
IO ceived and for rale by
April 5 I B. L. BURNBIT.
I >l, \TED W ARE, Elegant Plated Caatora,
! I Eruit Baskets, Waiter., Candlesticks. Hnuftera and
Trays, Cups, 4c —just oprnrd and for aalr by
April 5 I h L HURNETT.
Id Usg m- rrol y p*i.
Ijkt K rale clreap a first rsta Csrnern whole size fair
1 fitted to a hall box with sn extra ( use
Applyatlhr Ifegiartrcan Gallery Appoiiollail share
| the instrument may be aeen and tried
Macon May 3 ININ 3t 5
To the Ladies in I'artirular,
r PHE sulwcriber, having had twenty-five yenrs cx-
A perience in the Confectionary buHitiFSH, both in
New York nnd Europe, heus leave to inform lan.ilies,
and Ladies in particular, that he ha* opened an exten
sive CONFECTIONARY on Cherry street near
Third, where he will furnish CANDIES of his own
manufacture, and warranted equal to the best ever pro
cured Irom New York, on very reasonable terms.
Ail kinds of Cake furnished lor Halls, Parties,
Pic Nics, 6(c. at the shortest notice, and very cheap.
May 3 5 8t F. DKEVES.
Oeortfin HotH. Orfitiiii* iin.
BT W. OOOUDGBr
THE proprietor would lie pleas- and to see the former
patrons of the WARM SPRINGS and STt)NE
MOUNTAIN, as well as all others, who may be pleus
ed to favor him with a call.
The house being situated in a central part of the
town,and all the sUigesstopping daily.makes it desira
ble for travellers.
• PARTIES furnished at short no
tice. Music, fife .provided when requested.
Griffin, May :!d, IN4B. 5t —5
For Knit 1 .
j-_a A COMFORTABLE two story Brick
foisß Dwelling on the Court House square, with nil
jlijll necessary improvements, together with a line
garden, and an excellent well of water on the
prem’ses For terms, which will be moderate, apply
to SIMEON MERRITT, Hnwkinsville, or
„ „ THOaMAS F. NEWTON, Macon.
April 26 4 ts
agricultural”
Agriculture of France*
Agriculture is the basis of all the Arts It lies a t the
foundation of human improvement: and its state among
a given people may be said to afford the measujf of its
civilization. Ifone man by his sole labor can provide
from the earth subsistence for three, two are left at lib
erty by a different application of their labor to procure
for common use the comforts and luxuries of life to
practice and perfect, by exclusive attention to them, the
useful and elegant arts ; to effect the exchanges of com
merce ; to ameliorate political, civil, and social institu
tions : and to provide tor the intellectual wants of man,
bytthe cultivation of Literature nnd Science. A defec
tive state of Agriculture in which every man, or nearly
man,is occupied with the care of supplying his
own fe>od, must abstract largely from the number of
persoas engaged in these humanizing pursuits, and evi
dently retard in an equal ratio, the advancement of so
ciety
The end of Agriculture being to increase the amount
of iw^fulproducts from the earth, its perfection consists
in obtaining the greatest amount with the least cost. —
The actual productive capacity of an acre of land is
probably unknown. Its maximum product hns not yet
neeii reached. Results surprising indeed have been at
tained : but in reference to none of them may it bt:
averred with confidence that nothing more could have
been effected. For agricultural improvement is la
mrntably slow in its progress. The application of sci
ence to an art which in the eyes of most farmers ap
pears so exclusively practical, is regarded, with distrust,
and scientific suggestions of most unquestionable utility
are sneared at as the advice of book-fanners. Much
must doubtless be put down to the account of want of
education among the agricultural classes, to honest ig
norance and prejudice, its child ; much to disinclination
among fanners to disturb established habits, and de- i
part from a time-honored routine under the reign of
which they and their fathers have gotten along with
tolerable comfort. “ Let well enough alone, ” they
say. These men, who in full view of the rail-way
which conveys to market with so much celerity and
convenience the products of their neighliour, are ihem
selves content to toil over the hills and stall in the mud
ot the ancient courtly road, “ Mine fader has been n I ways
travel along dis road and so I travels here too.’’ But per
haps the chief cause preventing the prompt general ailop
tion ot improvements discovered and recommended by
scientific men,is to be found in the limited capital of
most farmers, which, already charged to its full extent,
is unequal to the expense in which tlie substitution of
new methods would involve them. Thus, proposed
scientific improvements which have notoriously passed
from the doubtful domain of experiment and taken place
among well ascertained facts, are rejected under the
empire of that stern necessity which leaves the fanner
no choice between immediate moderate return* which
may be made to suffice, and the large returns which
he admits would ultimately reward a change of system.
AU these causes and particularly the last, owing to
the minute subdivision of landed property, of which we
shall have occasion to speak presently, concur to ren
der the grand results ot Agriculture in France much in
ferior to those of some other countries lees favored by
nature. Its territory is thrice that of England, its j>op
ulation double, its soil and climate more genial, yet tne
agriculture {.products of France are estimated at but
one-third, perhaps at one-forth those of England.—
lhe difference is astonishing and is due exclusively to
the superior modes of tillage which obtain in that island,
and which probably render it in certain localities where
tavorable circumstances combine, the seat of the most
perfect agriculture which the world has ever witnessed.
Statistical writers usually announce the agricultural
population of France as forming three-fourths of the
whole. But M. Cheinin Du pontes who is quoted as the
best authority upon this subject, stntes the actual num
r°* H**™ 0118 engaged in agricultural pursuits lo be
22,000,000, which is considerably less than three
fourths. It is calculated that the laoor of each individ
ual suffices for his own subsistence and leaves a surplus
equal to the fourth, or at most, the third of the subsist
ence of one other person. It appears too, considering
the whole population, and the area of land under culti
vation, that in the present state of agriculture it requires
an average of 3 7-10 acres for the support of a single
person. The departments of the North and ot the
Lower Rhine which contain a much denser population
than this would imply, form in fact no exception to the
rule. In these departments notwithstanding their fer
tility, production is never equal to consumption, and
they draw from abroad a portion of their subsistence.
These are deplorable results and in view of the de
mands of an increasing population,may well excite the
serious concern of the patriot. Agriculture must im
prove, and exhibit vastly superior productive energy
than at present,or France will become dependent, and
year by year increasingly dependent, on foreign sour
ces tor her daily bread.
A glance at the map of France and a moment’s con
sideration ot its physical characteristics, will suffice to
prove that this country has been richly endowed by na
ture and ranks among the most favored parts of Eurojie
Its northern extremity on the base of the Pyrenees falls
in 42 deg. 30 inin. N. lat. the northern beyond Dunkirk
in 51 deg 10 min. making in length, eight and a half
degrees of latitude. Its breath from long H deg 20
mm. E. of Greenwich to 4 deg. 40 min. W extends
over thirteen degrees of longitude Thia gives dimen
sions nearly square of 595 miles troin north to south, i
and 550 from east to west, an area of about 205,000
square inilea, or rather more than 130 millions of acres ,
The fertility ol its soil is hardly second to that of any
part of Europe and its Mia I climate fits it for the !
growth of a rich variety oT northern and southern pm
auctions.
Till late year* only ill-directrii and imperfect efforts
had been made to ascertain the variety and
amount of the agricultural wealth ot France Since
the revolution of 1830 however, the old inodes have
been laid aside and anew method adopted, more tedi
ous and difficult, but more efficient and satisfactory for
furthering uie real basis of agricultural statistics The
bureau of general statistics winch was charged with the
wd remedying this evil, addressed to the mayors
K‘ fie officers, and the principal citizens of all the 37 -
communes of France, so many copies of a table
drawn up on a ample and uniform plan, requesting
them to fill the blanks with the proper uitormauon and
return he table to the officer in Pans. By these means
immense iiimks of local information were edCcted,
which was submitted, firet, for revision and verification
to committee* of each canton : this being the next ter- ,
ritona! division of France larger than the oomiiiune
Having passed through the 2,846 cantons of the king- 1
dom it was submitted, for further arrangement and
abridgement, to the 363 arondiaseiiient* Thence it
passed into the hands of ooimnußuons in the 86 Depart
ments from which it bus been received, a completely
digested and reliable body ol valuable French suustint i
rhiasystematic plan was commence.) in IH, n d the
public ha* been for some time in posaenmon of the re
sults. Departmental inspector* of Agriculture are ‘
charged with continuing the work ; it is iheir duty to i
keep the government in constant possereion of impor
tant agricultural statistics. It is from thi* source thnt
most or the figures ill the present article will iw drawn I
A distinguished writer, Laliiu de Qwteauvieux di
vide* France into eight distinct agricultural regions I
vix North, NorthesHt. Southeast, Central, West On
•ral, South west, and the Linde or heaths. Before gi V - j
mg a rapid sketch of these regions, describing briefly
their characteristics, llieir productions, and the mode*
luril piuuucuuiiM, rm me modes
of culture which prrvail in them, n pawuug notice, must
be taken ot the minute subdivision of landed property
which ia,in a greater or irm degree, common to all ol
them, and is every where attended with deplorable I
couaeuuencea to tlw general mtereaia ol agriculture
“It la, ‘aayathe wnier mentioned above ‘W charnc
tenatic feature ol the rural economy ol France. It (a I
the muiienae laet which curtails all ameliorating mesa* I
urea and ail eircumatanecs. It HaaaiHca the union ami
impreaaea upon it an agricultural character *hich the
effort*ot commerce and the afrugg|.*a of industry am
impotent to remove ** This division of the toil of
France into 1¥3,3tf0,3dH diatmet | mice la, lielongini/ to
■krai llW.tWMOTfeu>r,llH- work ol (lie iVn, I,
Revolution Which ot llie great cardinal and saving
ideas, |m times I, religious, or aocinl, >■,><.ll the wise com
prehension nl winch real I lie hopes of the humun nor
dial waa no! armed upon and carried lo wild eatremiiy’
amid the rxceeaes ol that terrible reaction I—dial did
IK* become Huxioua and almost odious m ibe allempia
which were made al practical development Thua the
doctrine that ihr mteirata ol sgriculmre, and the wel
fare of Ihe ante would be greatly promoted by the
breaking op ol the leudal ayatem, and the creation ol a
large Hanoi free propriciofg <8 the aoil, waatllwtrat
ed in r ihiicc by morselling the territory to to the al
moat incrtdilili extent above mentioned, and diatnbut-
Jng it in ruinously unequal portions among 10,898,682
tCp proprietor*. During the last ten years of the nine
teenth century .national domains tothp amount of $508,-
262,500 were wold. These were mostly estates of the
church and ol the religious orders, which, with the no
bility, possessed, prior to the revolution, nearly the
whole of the lnndeil property. These estates were gen
erally sold at very low prices, partly because not much
confidence was had in the newly acquired titles ; and
partly because there were not many buyers capable of
paying the lull value of the Innd. The following table
will present at on** view, the distribution of territorial
property in this kingdom at the commencement of the
present reign, and partially disclose the magnitude of
the evil complained of—an evil aa great, perhaps so far
as tile mere interests of agriculture nre concerned, ns
the other extreme from which they so precipitately fled.
Proprietors are divided into eight classes according to
the amount of the land tax with which their properties
nre burdened. The four first comprise whntare Known
n the large moperties paying nt least 200 francs
(S3B 50) nntiunl taxes: the sth and 6th classes, paying
a minimum annual tax of 50 francs, ($9 621) comprise
the middling properties: the 7th and Bth clnsseschnrg
ed with a tax of from one cent to *8 121, comprise tne
numerous small proprietors.
Clattes •/ Minimum ! VumSer ts \jtrerc?e tize\ Tetcl acres !
proprietors. of taxes, proprietor*.’ of estates j per class. j seres.
Ist class. *192 50 8.000,877* acres. 7,018, 0007 i , 1
2d. “ 96 25; 15,000j4448-10 6,672,000 1
3d “ 57 75 67,000 207* “ 13,902,500 ( i I 42,816,500
4th “ 38.50 110,000 138 2-5 “ 15,224,000 J ‘ ’ \
sth. “24 06* 290,000 86* “ 19,030,000 ) ■ ‘
6th. “ 9 621 480,000 34t “ 16,608,000 \ | Dro “ * ( I 35,638,000
7th.
Bth.” 01 ‘ 3,900000 91-50“ 11.500,000 > J sma n (
23,698,000 \ {proper- J 35,198)007
ties. >
[ 4.800,000 113,652,500! j 113,652,500
• I
1 he above table however, exhibits very imperfectly
the extent to which the morselling system is carried in
b ranee. It does not explain the more than 123 millions
of fraction* into which the territory of the kingdom is
divided. In fact the properties designated in the table
ms large nnd middling are themselves broken up into
numerous small fragments : to the effect that a wealthy
man’s land lies so split up into small parcels, and often
nt such distances from each other, that if he deemed it
necessary to have the whole under his personal supervi
sion, his whole time would be taken up in moving from
I one portion ot his estate to another A man’s property
i lfe s scattered over the whole arondissement so that one
ofthe larger proprietors has in some portion of his es
-1 rate almost every other proprietor of the department as
his neighbor. The inconvenience ot this state of things
j and its hindrance to productive cultivation are evident
, at a glance. Parcels at a distance may not be exchang
| ed lor others tying nearer home, because the expenses
attended upon the transfer of real estate, in the shape
of stamps, conveyancer’s fees, recorder’s fees, 61c., are
so onerous that for conveying a lot, yielding only two or
three dollars a year, in raw produce, the parties would
have to pay nearly twenty dollars in fees!
Side by side with the “large,’’“middling,” nnd “small”
properties, connected with nnd immediately flowing
lrom this fragmentary condition of the Frencn territory
are observed different modes of cultivation known by
the name of the great, middling and small culture.
The great culture as its title would imply is that w hich
is conducted upon a grand scale on a large body of
land. Numerous hired laborers are employed occupy
ing separate quarters and having no connection with
the family of the proprietors The middling culture
is effected for the most part by the sole labor of the far
mer and his family. The hired laborer however,
is occasionally called in. A single glow is seen
uiion farm ; but no division of labor takes
piace. The small culture is earned on without the
use of the plow, by the manuellabor of the fanner and
his family.
Taking no note of th** woodlands, the following is
given as the proportion in which the land is distributed
among these three systems of cultivation.
tSmall culture. Acres
To cultivation ofthe vine, Acres 13,344,172 )
Mountainous districts, “ 11,120,144 > 40,452 611
Very small properties, “ 15,938,295 )
Middle culture.
Estates taxed at from
94 811 to §9 621 “ 13.344,172 1
r arms cultivated by me- “ /
„ “ 35,831,574 {52,882,460
Cultivated by small par- **
celling farmers. “ 3,706,714 J
Great culture. 41 15,148,107 .'15,148,107
108,483,175
We are now prepared for a rapid glance at the eight
grand agricultural ngions into which L. deChateauvi
eux divides the surface of France. It shall not detain ue
long from the presentation in tabular form of the variety
amount and value of the productions, which under the’
unpropit ions circumstances to which we have been al
luding they are made annually to yield.
The Region of the North opens a vast field for the
growth of bread stuffs vegetables and the grasses Its
climate is moist and its soil generally of great fertility
consists of sandy clays of no great depth, reposing for
the most psrt upon chalk, pure or mixed with gravel,
and sometimes upon sand* and tertiary limestone*. It
comprises the Paris bastn, an iinmence plain the eleva
tion ot which ranges from three hundred to a thousand
feet The region of the North is chiefly occupied by
the large proper ties and is the chosen the great
culture. Shade trees and fences or incioauresare rare
Horses are exclusively used in ruslid laUira. Large
farms at fixed rents are numerous. Long lines of ap
ple-trees for the production of cider forms one of the
most striking lent nre* of this region, particularly a* we
approach toward* the ocean on the northwest. Root
crops and herbaceous oleaginous plants are largely cul
tivated. The extensive pastures of this region support
lor export, horse*of extraordinary size, strength and
beauty large flocks of merino sheep, and fine milch
cows, but the oxen for labor are not considered ot a su
perior race The northern limit for the cultivation of
the vine upon a large scale, passes through this region.
I hr limit tnsybr mr.rked bys linr cornmnsHnc on th-
Rhine a little south ol Strasbourg in about latitude 48°
25'N. passing southerly to Metz in Ist 49° 10’ N
which IS the most northern point, thence m the south-’
westerly direction through Paris in 48° 50’ N Ist paw
mg near Chartres, between Alencon ntul Msns. to 1
strike the coast a little west of Nantes, in lat 47° 20’ 1
north. i
Adjacent itS|sition in France sufficiently indicated
liv Its name, lies the region ts the Northeast It is
characterized by a great variety of surface, being com
posed m slsrnt equal proportions ol hilland dnle suds
corresponding variety of soil. It includes the ancient
j provinces; ol Loraina, Bouigugne, and Champagne
live arid chalk plains which abound in Champagne,
are abandoned to scanty paaiuregr and rrsureas trees
Its tamoM vineyards are on the rorht bank ofthe Msrne
I hel ween C lislons and Kbeuns. The productions ot the
| forest ezeeed the bread stuffs in value Honrs Slid cat
tle are of a very inferior quality Three-fourths of the
(arm labor is performed hy horses and the other fourth
by ozenand cows Igmdaat all rich nre never allowed
| l “ lle ‘alfow. This region is further distinguished by
the minute division ol landed property, ami hy the pre
! valence of the middling nnd sstaß sysienu ol culture
iI he must VII lunMe productions are the Burgundy and
j Champagne wines ; potatoes, forming a large pan of
; the element of mini Slid beast and the oleaginous plants
Indian cum allows naell in the southern portion ol this
region ns an important article of cultivation. Farther
north il takes* very low place among agricultural pro
, auctions. Hnrminesn Is the general characteristic of the
1 soil of this regiou.
The r((ten an Ike Soutketul present* a atill greater
diversity ol aurlaee, climate, soil and culture Vaat bo
iliea ol nib-riot land tonn it, distinguishing Iraturr
Agriculture min a very low and languishing Mate, it
i* conducted obit fly by melmytre, and riorpiin a few ol
the more northern dirtricta, altogether upon the- •vatrnia
ol the small and middling culture. Honwa are lew and
ol very tnlenot quality. The labors ol the larm are per
lormed by Men. It la the general practice in thia ragt
| on to allow the bind lo lie billow every second or third
I year. I anally during this year the land Ilea quite idle
I t,u *certain localities it ia planted in clover. There
is a general tendency here to extend the cultivation of
the vine Wherever a proper ‘Xixaiure can be obtained,
“I"’” * locality at a antheirnt elevation above the level
ill theaea (hidividing this region into two parts by
t w parallel of Lyuda. 45° 46’ N. Ist. it ia observed that
the noth ern port KM resembles in ita agricultural features
the legion, already deaciitird, while the southern hall ia
marked by the lira! appearance ol the mulberry.
nr gum of Ike Stalk —ln tha itntnear amplulheatre
binned by the region vl the aoulh culled alao the tint
legion attention ia attracted to an agricultural specla
cle ot an entire.y novel chaiact'r. Under the warm
aoutiiern amt, over the aurlaee ol the well •haded soil, in
the generally diy climate of the aoutli ol Franoe. shrubs
and perennial plants are aren to lake the place ol iboee
ol annual growth or inngling together with them in the
aatne held,. | heir valuable product*, partaking mote
ia the i haracter of article* ol commerce than of aut
atsience ILf the population, which can imly he rraliaed
by the aid of lunda advanced lor larger or ahorttr peri
ods, attract nutocruus small capita la from tha citteti
VOL. XXVI.—No. 6.
and ease and plenty prevail. Natural meadows have
disappeared and artificial meadows, which are subject
ed to the general system of rotation of crops have taken
theirylace. This region does not produce sufficient .
wheat for its own consumption. Mules are employed
for the plow, sometimes horses. Cattle are few and of
mean stock, but asses and sheep are numerous and of
an excellent kind. The sheep particularly under the
influence of the climate and of an aliment more substan
tial than abundant, and well salted, are of robust con
st ituuon and furnish a very superior quality of meat for
the table. They furnish beside the wool,the only milk,
cheese and manure winch are used in tin* country.—
Those in daily us:* upon the farms as well as the mov
ing docks, are employed for this purpose. Animals are
rarefy housed, and the enclosing them in the folds is the
only inode of manuring the ground. In the anci<
province of Languedoc of this region chestnut trees >■ •
very extensively cultivated. The mulberry and he vme
are very important productions. It is here that thecul
ivntion of the former attains its maximum of extent and
its optimum of quality The wines of this region are
very strong wild highly colored, destined for the most
part for the d.stiQery and exportation. The art of irn
fationis well understood and generally applied here.—
>rangea, dates, in some favorable locations, lemons,
olives, prunes and all dried fruits of all discretions art
furnished to commerce in large quantities from this ge
nial region.
Region of the Center —Agriculture is of a very slov
enly description here, effected chiefly by metayer*, un
der the “middling” and ‘‘small” cultures. The rural
population is sober, frugal, and industrious, yet its agri
cultural contribution to the commerce of the kingdom,
occupies the lowest rank. Every autumn a considera
ble portion of it emigrates to distant provinces, seeking
employment during the winter, und returning home in
the spring with their meagre earnings. The chief pro
ductions of the region of the center nre cattle and mules,
which are raised for sale, the pasture on the mountains
being of excellent quality ana abundant.
Region oj the Southwest.— A grea fj variety of soil and
production is offered in this division of France. The
mulberryhas almost disappeared fit the ancient prov
tnee of Guienna, the cultivation ofth*- vine is curried to
the highest perfection. The m-*; valuable wines if
, ranee are produced here. Bordeaux is the great mart,
its brandies of Arina guar are second only to those of
Cognac. A large portion of the territory is devoted to
the production of grain, among which wheat holds the
first place,und Indian corn the second. Potatoes are
produced in laigo quantities, and agriculture is skilfully
conducted. The three species of culture obtain here.
Kota t ion of crops Is practiced, and with the best results.
1 he plan of the Garonne is not so fertile as that of Flan
ders and some others, but the climate is better, and up
on equal soil the crop heavier. Viheyarifs are cultivat
ed for the profit of the proprietor by an overseer inter
ested in the crop
The Central Western Region. —Between the valleys
of the Garonne and the lower Loire, hounded on the
west by the ocean, extends a region whose inhabitants,
thanks to its remote position, the insalubrity of its coast,
the fertility of its sou,to its mild and equable climate,
and its even surface, enjoy more larg ly than those of
■ny ot *Jf r portion of France the quiet happiness of rural
hie. I here, agricultural operations are conducted up
on a scale equally removed from either of the noxious
extremes observed m other regions, und long habits of
friendly intercourse between die landlords and tenants
have established amicable relations and terms of inti
macy, which contribute to the happiness of both. The
low price of provisions ami the abundant production of
the finest fruits, make living easy and comfortable.—
Beautiful meadows border the rivers and skirt the sea.
Cattle of the finest form, feed on the plentiful pastures
oi clover and sainfoin. They are raised with (Mire and
intelligence, and are a valuable urticle of expor, being
highly prized, both by the butcher and the firmer of oth
er provinces, who would employ them in agricultural
labors. This favored and happy portion of France is the
central western region
The last of the eight divisions remaining to be des
cribed, is the lundee,or heaths. They occcupy a broad
belt of territory commencing n*ar the center of France
at about 46° north las. and 2° of long, east of Paris, and
stretching noriliwesterly to the ocean : comprising with
in their limits the cities of Moulins, Nevors, Chatean
roax, Blois Rennes, Angers, Mans,Nantes, Vanes,and
Quimper The abscence of lime or the predominnace
ol unity clay in the soil,renders this region comparative
ly sterile. It produces abundantly thorn, broom, and
jumper. The inferior grains are raised in only moder
ate quantities, and impoverished cattle seek scanty pas
tures where medows neither natural or artificial, are
met with. The various systems of culture pervade cer
tain parts of the Landes ; but the barrenness of its soi
the bad state of its roads, and difficulty of communica
tion with the capital, have placed this region, in an ag
ricultural point of view, far in the rear. Sheep and cat
tle^ are raised in certain parts for the Paris market.
The price of land in France varies, of course, with
locality and quality. First rate pasture land in Nor
mandy brings 5,000 francs the hectare, (equal to $4 05
per acre,about.) In the Sotogne.n portion of the mou
em department ol the Loire et Oper, land sells at
per acre. Farmsinthe Limagne, (department of Puy
•Jr Dome,) one of the most fertile portions ol the king
dom, fetch $2 90 per acre. Eligible garden spots in the
central regions oi France sell Tor #320 per acre ; and
farms located in the Landes, or heaths,command an av
erage price of sl2 per acre.
In an official work on the statistics of the kingdom,
published by the Minister of Commerce, the extent of
the various soils of France is thus stated:
Mountainous regions 4,268,150 hectares *
Heath...... 5,679,019
Rich mould, 7,276,369
Chalk, or lime, 9,788*197
Gravel, 3*4 17/393 “
Sandy,. 5,921,378
Muddy, or marshy, 284 454
Olher soils. 7,2911,*38 “
, , , 32,768,600 “
Measuring the fertility el the soil of France be ita pro
duction of cread stulls, it is ascertained that, that per
i' 0 " 0 *f which is of the first quality, occupies about
8-25 olthe territorial surlace of the kingdom, and is
lound on the shores ol the ocean, in the valleys of the
rivers flowing Irom the Pyremies, and in the- great pla
teau which stretches toward the north, between the
“"Vo “I! th l’ a,a * i^ at * an oforditiarv fertility makes
up 19-40 ot the whole ami ia comprised, lor tne most
part, in the provinces ol the east; and filially that the
positively burren tracts, counting in the general ■,-
tnate for the whole rest, c- 41-800 of the soil, belong to
the central regions, Irom the Lore re to cap.- Finistem
b ive-stxthsol the soil may be said to be productive, and
one-six'll unproductive and incapable of amelioration
constating ot mountainous districts ot down., or be mg
exclusively of chalk or fiinty clay formation.
The following table presents at one view the most
important ol the agricultural products .ns ol France the
extent ol land employ ml in th.- cultivation ol themaav
eraily, the annual am it produced, ti.- average price
and the total value. The results contained m this table
are not all equally exact and certain The unthortoftbe
statistical work Irom which it is taken, say that it may
be with confidence relied upon in respect to the moat im
portant articles, to w it: the grains or bread stufft • but
that the amounts here given as the annual product o!
wines, brandies, ciders, are doubt let* tar below tbs ac
tual amount produced. Waste during ihe winter local
consumption,and, above ail, fraud, prevent compilers es
statistics from urrtv mg at any thing more a native to ry
than approximates upon this subject The cultivation
of potatoes is so infinitely divided, as are garden vege
tables generally, that nothing absolutely certain can %
gathered respecting them. The number ol mulberry
and apptr trees ia also doubtlul, because ol the various
modes ol culture adopted, more frequently in long lines
on borders and along waters, than ill well deiitied or
chards
;Hectres,Heotoli- .
Productions. culttva [trdst pro-M ot ** va *’
I led j duced. j
Wlieat, 5,5!11,52U 69386,1*9 *211.00001X1
H*,. 2377,254127 all 7bo. 59.25*348
Mason,or ntealin, 910,833 11.8*8,448 28,834370
Barley, I.IHH,IBp| 16 661,462! 273*4388
’f 1 * I *’ , 3,Wi1l 73s (48,899,785 60,4(12 294
torn and millet, 631,732 7 320,264 14 358 417
Ituek wheat, 651,242 8,469,788 122?7’7*N
Henna and tenuis, 19.9911 241,131 ‘37’788
Ciard vage's, 7U0,U00 43 lobjjun
j’otatoea, I 921,971 *96.233,985 40>21 173
Beets, 57863115 7441/Ml! ...79*^80
tablm-. col*. i73.5t.1i 2 27636 b 10.225349
llemplk. l !) 176.148 69.178.717 17,257,46,’
rlax (In Kt!) 98,241 36,875,401 11,501,413
Madder (inquin 14.676 160.340 1.868674)
lobsero, 7.855 889*471 1.097jUU)
Aftihcial tnetulowa, 1576 3171 i 40,753.031
Natural meadows, 1,108,198 j 92,519645
fallow—land, 6,763,281 18,457,1*0
I aalursgcsdt heaths, 9,191,076 | 16,412,809
Orel, unis, 766.5781
Ohve*, 121329; 167330 43553*0
Vines, 1,972 340 ! 1 5>6,000,0U0
t fie stir 11 la, 453,387 3,476 s*! 2,705,638
tmer trees, (10,880347 16,884,4*7
toT"** 89*04,5511 41320105
Walnuts (Kil l 6,7441 1303,591 348,108
Another summary saves the following results'” ’
So. o| Hectares. Annual vaiua at
production
Area under cultivation ... 19,945,891 *711,64*1,8*#
“ in orrhanls, nurar
riea, dr osienea 766,577
” in meadows, pa* ....
larva,lands,dr fallow, 82,1697,953 1*,49#,4#7
hnna, 89404361 41.328.M5
* Farmers who pay no fixed rant, but hell the annual
product to tlw proprietor Metayer Irom the bur be row
tot till audit tonus, medic tat llialt)
•The French hectare is equal m 2. 471,143 of our acres
—or to 21 acres, nearly,rather Iraa—orto247-l(Xlucrea
vary nearly. *1
4 The f tench Uaetalnce ia equal to 22 009*7 gallons
bitglish, or very little more than 2 5 * ut our bualtels.
I 1 franc equal to I9f cents. 100 centimes ,c 1 equal
to 1 traua.
4 roe Ir ranch quintal is equal to 197 ou t