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CAPTAIN FREMONT’S REPORT.
SECOND EXPEDITION.—Continued.
The general course of the expedition was
now again south. On New Year’s eve it hai
travelled a distance 0f571 miles from the Dalles,
and its position was far from being an enviable
one.
“ Here,” says Capt. F., “we concluded the
year 1843. and our New Year’s eve was rather
a gloomy one. The result of our journey began
to he very uncertain ; 'he country wassingularlv
unfavorable to travel; the grasses being; fre
quently of a very unwholesome character, and
the hoofs of our animals were so worn and cut
by the rocks that many of them were lame and
could scarcely be got along.”
11 New Year's day 1844. —We continued down
the valley, between a dry looking black ridge
on the left and a more snor y and high one on
the right. Our mad was bad along the bottom,
being broken by gullies and impeded by sage,
and sandy on the hills, where there is not a
blade of grass, nor does any appear on the moun
tains. The soil in many places consists of a
fine oowdery sand, covered with a saline efflo
rescence; and the general character of (he coun
try is desert.”
On the 3d January, “ A fog, so dense that we
could not see a hun Ired yards, covered the coun
try, and the men that were sent out a tier the
horses were bewilder ' and lost; and our situa
tion had now become a serious one. We had
reached and run over the position where, accord
ing to the best mans in my possession, we should
nave found Mary’s lake, or river. We were
evidently on the verge of the desert which bad
been reported to us; and the appearance of the
country was so forbidding that I was afraid to
enter it, and determined to bear away so the
southward, keeping close along the mount sins,
in the full expectation of reaching the Buena
vanrnra river. This morning I put every man
i ; the camp on foot—myself, of course, among
the rest—aud in this manner lightened by dis
tribution the : oads of the animals. Wo travelled
seven or eight miles along the ridge bordering
the valley, and encamped where there were a few
bunches of grass on the bed of a hill torrent,
without water. There were some large artemi
sias; hut the prineipal plants are chenopodia
ceous shrubs. The rock composing the moun
tains is here changed suddenly into whitegranite.
The fog showed the tops of the hills at sunset,
and stars enough for observations in the early
evening, and then closed over us as before.
Latitude by observation,4o° 43 min. 15 sec.”
“ January 4.—The tog to-day was still more
dense, and the people were again bewildered.
We travelled a few miles around the western
point of the ridge, and encamped where there
were a few tufts of grass but no water. Our
animals now were in a very alarming stale, and
there was increased anxiety in the camp.” ’
“January s —Same dense fog continued, and
one oi our mules died in camp this morning. I
have had occasion to remark, on such occasions
as these, that animals which are about to die
leave the hand, and corning into the camo, lie
down about the fires,”
On the 6th of January they arrived, savs the
narrative, “r.tthe most extraordinary locality
of hot springs we had met during the journey.—
The basin of tne largest one has a circum
ference of several hundred feet; hut there is ai
one extremity a circular space of about fifteen
feet iu diameter, entirely occupied by the boil
ing water. It boils up at irregular intervals,
and with much noise. The water is clear, and
the spring deep; a pole about sixieen feet’ long
was easily immersed in the centre, but we had
no means of forming a good idea of the depth.
It was surrounded on the margin with a border
of green grass, and near the shore the tempera
ture «.f the water was 206°. We had no means
of ascertaining that of the centre, where the imat
was greatest; hut, by dispersing the water with
a pole, the temperature at.the margin was in
creased to 208°, and in the centre it was doubt
less higher. Bv driving the nolo towards the
bottom, the wa'er was made to boil up with in
creased force and noise. There are several
othe-- in erest ng places, where wafer and smoke
or gas escape, but they would require a long de
scription. The wateris impregnate I with com
m >n salt, but not so much as to render it unfit
for general cooking; and a mixture of snow
made it pleasant to drink.”
“Our situation now required caution. In
cluding those which gave out from the injured
condition of their feet, and those stolen by In-
we had lost since leaving the Dalles oi
the Columbia, fifteen animals; and of these
nine had been left in the last few davs. 1 there
fore d termined until we should reach a country
of water and vegeiation to feel our wav ahead
bv having the line of route explored some fifteen
or twenty miles in advance, and only to leave a
present encampment when the succeeding one
was known.
“Taking with me Qodeyand Carson, [ made
to-dav a thorough exploration of the neighbor
ing valleys, and found in a ravine in the border
ing mountains a good camping place, where
was water in springs and a sufficient quantity
ofgrassfora night. Overshading the springs
were some frees of the sweet cotton-wood, which
After a long interval of absence, we saw a rr a*n
wbh pleasure, regarding them as harbingers of
abetter country. To ns, they were eloquent of j
green prairies and huff do. W e found here a I
broad and plainly marked trail, on which there i
ToTn a acks , h,rc:es - and we appeared to have I
gained one of the thoroughfares which pass by!
the wa-enng places of the country, On the
yjT£ r h Trains of the valley, with which this
of the bmhng spring communicates, we remark
ed scattered cedars-prohahiy an indication that
WC were on the borders of the timbered
region extending to the Pamfic. We reach
ed the camp at sunset, after a day’s ride of
forty mdes. she horses we rode were in good
order, being of some that were kept for emer
gencies and rarely used.
“ Mr. Preuss had ascended one of the mom
tains and occupied the day in sketching f (, e
country ; and Mr. Fitzpatrick had found, a" few
miles distant, a hollow of excellent grass an d
pure water, to which the animals were driven
as I remained another day to give them an op’
porfunity to recruit their strength. Indians ap
pear to be every where prowling about like wild
animals, and there is a fresh trail across the snow
in the valley near.
“Latitude of the boiling springs, 40° 39 min.
46. sec.”
On the 15lh of January the expedition reach
ed the inlet of a large fresh-water stream, which,
says Captain F.—
“ We ail at once were satisfied was neither
Mary’s river nor the waters of the Sacramento,
but that we had discovered a large interior lake,
which the Indians informed us had no outlet.
It is about thirty-five miles long, and, by the
mark of the water line along the shores, the
spring level is about twelve feet above its pre
sent waters. The chief commenced speaking
in a loud voice as we approached; and parties
olTndians armed with bows and arrows issued
from the thickets. We selected a strong place
for our encampment —a grassy bottom, nearly
enclosed by the river, an .1 furnished with abun
dant firewood. The village, a collection of
straw huts, was a few hundred yards higher up.
An Indian brought in a large fish to trade, which
we had the inexpressible satisfaction to find
was a salmon trout; wc gathered around him
eagerly. The Indians were amused with our
delight, and immediately brought in numbers ;
so that the camp was soon stocked, '! heir
flavor was excellent, superior in fact to any fish j
1 have ever known. They were of extraordi - j
nary size—about as large as the Columbia river
salmon— g u tally from two to four iect in
length.”
“These I. ! ns were very fat, and appeared
to live at: easy and nappy life. They crowded
into the camp more than was consistent with
our safety, retaining always their arms; and,
as they made some unsatisfactory demonstra
tions, they were given to understand that they
would not be permitted to come armed in.o the
camp; and strong guards were kept with the
horses. Strict vigilance wa« maintained among
the people, and one-third at a time were kept
on guard during :he night. There is no reason
to doubt that these dispositions, uniformly pre
served, conducted our party securely through
Indians lamed for treachery.
“ In the mean time, such a salmon trout feast
asisseldom seen was going on in our camp;
and in every variety of manner in wh ch fish
could be prepared—boiled, fried, and roasted in
the ashes —was put into requisition; and every
few minutes an Indian would be seen running
off to spear a fresh one. Whether these Indians
had seen whites before we could not be certain ;
but they were evidently in communication with
others who had, as one of them had some brass
buttons, and we noticed several other articles of
civilized manufacture. We could obtain from
them but little information respecting the coun
try. They made on the ground a drawing of
the river, which they represented as issuing
from another lake in the mountains three or four
daysdistant in a direction a little west of south;
beyond which, they drew a mountain; and
further still, two rivers; on one of which they
told us that people like ourselves travelled.
Whether they alluded to the settlements nn the
Sacramento, or to a party from the United
States which had crossed the Sierra about three
degrees to the southward, a few years since, I
am unahle to determine.
“I tried unsuccessfully to prevail on some of
them to guide ns fora few davs on the road, but
they only looked at each other and laughed.”
On th 24th of January we meet with the fol
lowing trails of Indian life and manners:
“ A man was discovered running towards the
camp as wc were about to start this morning,
who proved to be an Indian of rather advanced
age—a sort of forlorn hope, who seemed to have
been worked up into (he resolution of visiting
the strange vs who were passing through ihe
country. He seized the hand of the first man
he met as he came up. out of breath, and held
on, as if to assure himself of protection. He
brought with him in a little skin bag a few
pounds of the seeds of a pine tree, which to-dav
we saw for the first time, and which Dr. To row
had described as a new species, under the name
of pinvs nionnphvllus; in popular language it
might he called the nut pine. We purchased
them all from him. The nut is oilv. o* very
agreeable flavor, and inns! be very mrrifions
as it constitutes the principal subsistence of the
tribes among which we -ere now travelling
Bv a present of scarlet cloth and other striking
articles we prevailed upon this man to be our
guide of two days’ journey. As clearly ns pos
sible by signs, we made him understand our ob
ject; and he engaged to conduct us in sight of
a good pass which he knew. Here we ceased
to hear the Shnshonee language; that of this
man being perfectly unintelligible. Several
Indians, who had been waiting to see what re
ception he would meet with, now came into
camp; and. accompanied by the new comers,
we resumed our journey."
“ The snow deepened gradually as we ad
vanced. Our guides wore out their moccasins;
and, putting one of them on a horse, we enjoyed
the unusual sight of an Indian who could not
ride. He could not even guide the animal, and
appeared to have no knowledge of horses. The
snow was three or four feel deep in the summit
of the pass; and from (his point the guide
Pointed out our future road,declining to go anv
further.”
On the 28th, “Godey, who was a little dis
tance from (he camp, liad sat down to tie his
moccasins, when he heard a low whistle near,
and, looking up, saw two Indians half hiding
behind a rock about forty yards distant; they
would not allow him to approach, but, breaking
inlo a laugh, skimmed off over the snow, seem
ing to have no idea of the power of fire-arms,
and thinking themselves perfectly safe when be
yond arm’s length.”
On the d! st, savs Capt, F., “We gathered to
gether a few of the most intelligent of the Indi
ans, and held this evening an interesting mun
eil. Tex lained to them my intentions, I told
’hem that we had come from a very far country,
having been travelling now nearlv a year, and
that we were desirous simnlv to go across the
mountain ia'o the country of the other whites.
There rr >wo who appeared particularly in
telligent— n». ?. somewhat old man. He told
me that, bet re e snows fell, it was six sleep--
to the piece where ihe whites lived, bin, that now
it was impossible to cross the mountain on ac
count of the deep snow; and showing ns, as the
others hart done, that it was over our heads he
urged us strongiv to follow Ihe course of’ the
river, which he said would conduct us to a lake
in which there were many large fish. There,
he said, were many neople; there was no snow
on the ground; and we might remain there until
the spring. Prom their descriptions, we were
enabled to judge that, we had encamped on the
upper water of the Salmon Trout river. It was
hardly necessary to say that our communication
was only by signs, as we understood nothing of
their language; hut they spoke, notwithstand
ing. rapidly and vehemently, explaining what
they considered the folly of our intentions, ana
urging us to go down to the lake. Tah-vc, a
word signifying now. we very soon learned to
know, from its frequent repetition. I told him
that the men and the horses were strong, and
that we would break a road through the snow;
anti, spreading before him our bales of scarlet
cloth and trinkets, showed him what we would
give for a guide. It was necessary to obtain
one, if possible; for i had determined here to
attempt the passage of the mountain. Pulling
a bunch of grass from the ground, afier a short
discussion among themselves, the old man made
us comprehend that if we could break through
the snow, at the end of three days we would
come down upon grass, which he showed us
would be about six inches high, and where the
ground was entirely free. So far, he said he
had been in hunting fop elk; hut,’bevond that,
sand he closed his eyes.) be had seen nothing;
but there was one among them who had been to
ihe w ites, and, going out of the lodge, he re
turned with a young -an of very intelligent np- i
r arance. Here, said he, is a young man who
J;‘ s,hp , whites with his own eves; and he
.l ! U Irs , s ' f V', and then by the ground,
ini "7 h ? sald was * rue. With a large pre-
F ot)r S) vve . prevailed upon this young 1
.. ° ,)f and he acquired among us i
lvhi,m 7if. Me,o r a word signifying friend, i
thinlv "j 6 * V , ery fi'cquenily. He was
bein7 a K ’, d nPar!y barp| °ot, bis moccasins .
make l » WOrn °'7 Wp ertVP him Akins to ■
hi, nnrt777 • Pa "’ and to Pnah,p him to perform
nt. undertaking to us. The Indians remained t
in the camp during the night, and we kept the t
Us-CarsnnT ° ,herS ‘° Sleep ,n ,he lr ’dgc P with I
1 ' , air on iymg across the door, and havin" t
made them comprehend the use of our fire-arms.
The snow, which had intermitted in the eve
ning, commenced falling again in the course ot
the night, and it snowed steadily all day. In
the morning I acquainted the men with my de
cision, and explained to them that necessity re
quired us to make a great effort to clear the
mountains. I reminded them of the beautiiul
valley of the Sacramento, with which they were
familiar from the descriptions of Carson, who
had been there some fifteen years ago, and who,
in our late privations, had delighted as in speak
ing of its rich pastures and abounding game,
and drew a vivid contrast between its summer
climate, less than a hundred miles distant, and
the falling snow around us. I informed them
i (and long experience had given them confidence
I in my observations and good instruments) that
I almost diieclly west, and only about seventy
i miles distant, was ihe great farming establish
| metit of Captain Sutler —a gentleman who had
| formerly lived in Missouri, and, emigrating to
| this country, had become the possessor of a prin
I cipality. 1 assured them that from the heights
I of the mountain before us we should doubtless
j see the valley of the Sacramento river, and with
| one effort place ourselves again in the midst of
j plenty. The people received this decision with
i the cheerful obedience which had always char
! acterised them; and the day was immediately
devot 'd to the preparations necessary to enable
us to carry it into effect. Leggings, moccasins,
clothing—all were put into the best state to re
sist the cold Our guide was not neglected.
Extremity of suffering might make bon desert;
we therefore did the best we could for him.
Leggings, moccasins, some articles of clothing,
and a large g*een blanket, in addition to the
blue and scarlet cloth, were lavished uj-on him,
and to his great and evident contentment. He
arraved himself in all his colors; and, clad in
green, blue, and scarlet, he made a giy-looking
Indian; and, with his various present:, was pro
bably richer and bet ter clothed than a;y of his
tribe had ever been before.
“ I have already said that our provisons were
very low; we had neither tallow nor.jrease of
any kind remaining, and the want of sat became
one of our greatest privations The nnor dog
which had been found in the Bear river vallev,
and which had been a compnsnon de voyage ever
since, had now become fat, and tie mess to
which it belonged requested permission to kill
it. Leave was granted. Spread ml on the
j snow, the meat looked very good ; ard it made a
strengthening meal for the greater tart of the
camp. Indians brought in two or tlree rabbits
during the day, which were purclased from
them.”
To-night,” (ith of February) coitinnes the
narrative, “ we had no shelter, but ve made a
targe fire around the trunk of one a the huge
pines, and covering the snow with snail boughs,
on which we spread our blankets, ioon made
ourselves comfortable. The night was very
bright and clear, though the thermanetei was
only at 10°. A strong wind which sprang up
at sundown, made it intensely cold, and this
was one of the bitterest nights during the jour
ney.
“ Two Indians joined our party here, and one
of them, an old man, immediate!" began to
I harangue us, saving that ourselves aid animals
would perish in the snow, ai.d that if ve would
j go back he would show us a ,older an? a better
way across the mountain. He spoke'in a very
loud voice, and there was a singular repetition
of phrases and arrangement of works, which
rendered his speech striking and no; unmusi
cal.
“We had now begun to understttad some
words, and, with the aid o' signs, east!? compre
hended the old man’s simple ideas. ‘ Pock upon
rock—rock upon rock—snow upon snow—snow
upon snow,’said he; 'even if von get over tim
snow, you will not be able to get down from the
mountains, fie made ns the sign of p.'eejpiees,
and showed us how the horses feet would slip
and throw them off from the narrow trails which
led alone- their sides. Our Chinook, who com
prehended even more readily than ourselves,
and believed our situation hopeless, covered
his head with his blanket and began to weep
and lament ‘I wanted to see the wfti’es, 5 said
he; ‘I came a wav from my own pe nle to see
the whites, and 1 wouldn’t rare to die am> ng
them; but here’ —and he looked around into (he
eold night and gloomy forest, and drawing his
blanket over his head, began again to lament
“ Seated around the tree, the fire illuminating
the rocks and the tall bolls of the pines around
about, and the old Indian haranguing, we pre
sented a group of very serious faces.
“ February 5. —The night had been too eold
to sleep, and we were up very early. Our
guide was standing by the fire wiih all hisinerv
on. and seeing him shiver in the cold, I ihrew
on his shoulders one of my blankets. W> miss
ed him a few minutes afterwards, and rpver
saw him again. He had deserted H ; s had
faith and treaeharv were in perfect keeping with
he estimate of Indian character which a long
intercourse w ith this people had gradually breed
upon inv mind.”
On the Ifnh of February, “the wind k°pt tKp
air filled with snow during Ihe day; the skv
was very dark in southwest, though elsewhere
very clear. The forest here has a noble ap
pearanee; the tall cedar is abundant, it-- greater*
height being 130 feet, and circumference 20
three or four feet above the ground; and here I
see for the first time, the white pine, of which
'here are some magnificent trees. Hemlock
spruce is among the timber, occasionally as
large as eight feel in diameter four feet above
the ground; hut in ascending, it tap ts rapidly
to less than one foot at the height of 80 feet. I
have not seen anv higher than 130 feet, and the
slight upper part is frequently broken off hv the
wind. The white spruce is frequent; a> d the
red pir e (pinus Colorado of the Mexicans,)
which constitutes the beautiful forest along the
flanks of the Sierra Nevada to the northward, is
here the principal tree, not at'aining a greater
height than 140 feet, though with sometimes a
diameter of 10. Most of these trees appear to
differ slightly from those of the same kind on
the other side of the continent.
‘•The elevation of Ihe camp, by the boiling
point, is 8 050 feet. We are now 1,000 feet
above the level of the South Pass in the Rockv
mountains, and still we are not done ascending.
The top of a flat ridge near was hare of snow
and very well sprinkled with bunch grass, stiff]
eient to pasture the animals two or three da vs
and this was to be their main point of support’
This ridge is composed of a compaclftrap, or
basalt, of a columnar structure; over 'he sur
face are scattered large boulders of porous trap.
The hills are in many places entirely covered
with small fragments of volcanic rock.
February 13.—“ The meat train did not ar
rive this evening, and 1 gave Gndey leave to
kill our little dog. (Tlamaih,) which he pre
pared in Indian fashion, scorching off the hair,
and washing 'he skin with soap and snow, and’
then cutting it up into pieces, which were laid
on the snow. Shortly afterwards the sleigh ar
rived with a supply of horse meal; and we had
to-night an extraordinary dinner—pea soup,
mule, and dog.”
On the 20 Hi of February, “we encamped with
the animals and all the materiel ot the campon
the summit of the Pass in the dividing ridge,
rono miles bv our travelled road from the
Dalles of the Colombia.
“The people who had not yet been to this
point climbed the neighboring peak to enjoy a
look at the vallev. J
“The temperature of boiling wa'er gave for
the elevation of the encampment 9.538 feet
above the sea.
“This was 2,000 feel higher than the South
Pass in ihe Rockv mountains, and several peaks
in view rose several thousand feet still higher.
Thus, at the extremity of the continent ami
near the coast; the phenomenon was seen’ of a
range of mountains still higher than the great
Rocky Mountains themselves. This extraor
dinary fact accounts for the Great Basin and
shows that there must he a system of small
lakes and rivers here scath- vd over a fist coun
try and whi«h the extended and lofty range of
'he Sierra Nevado prevents from esca pin'* to the
Pacific ocean. Latitude 38° 44 min longi
tude 180° 28 min. ’’
“Thus this Pass in the Sierra Nevada, which
so well deserves its name ol Snowy mountain,
is eleven degrees west and about four degrees
south «>f the South Pass.”
v£l)rcmide cmi> Sentinel.
j AUGUST!, GA.
, SATURDAY MORNING. SEPT. 13.
, FC);? governor;
, GEORGE W.CRAWKOR BJ
: The Ma«l of Tuesday morning from New ■
L York, due last night, failed. We have advices \
however from New York, through the Balli- ;
I more pa tiers of Wednesday morning, as late as ■
’ Monday afternoon, which will be found in our
. columns.
, ! Whig Nominating Convention.
I’ The delegates appointed by the Whigs of the
! several districts of this county to nominate can
, didates for the Representative branch of the Le
» gislature. will meet in Convention this day at
, 12 o’clock, in the City Flail.
I
Who Opposes the War?
>
Although the effort of the democratic organs
' in Georgia, to fix upon the Whig press the
charge of opposition to the Mexican war, has
> proved a signal failure, it may not be inappro
-1 priate to submit for the consideration of the peo
' pie, a little more testimony to show how ground
; less was the charge, when applied exclusively ;
to whigs, which we propose to do h\* the follow- j
P ing extract from the New York “ Morning \
, News,” a leading Detnocra'ic paper in the city |
* of New York, edited too by Mr. O’Sullivan, re- i
* centlv one of the Editors of the “ D mocraf ic fra- j
j view.” That paper, in a recent article upon this 1
I subject, after alluding to the disposition and ;
“ even anxiety manifested by a large portion I
| (“nine-tenths”) of our people to engage in the ■
, war, and to the declaration of some of its co- !
i temporaries for lt strong and energetic action.” j
says:
, “Be it so, if so it must. Be Hie sin and the j
, shame , be the. crime and the disgrace—whatever ol j
either there may be—an the heads where they may
| belong. We wash our hands of the blond, our
, skirts of the stain. Jf such a. year is to came, we
shall sing no pceans to Us heroes , no 7V Deums for
' Us victories; we shall covet none of its laurels.
Mexico has been hardly dealt with in the whole
business; dealt with as ill beseems a noble and
powerful nation dealing with a mean and un
, potent one.”
> This, reader, is the language of one of the
5 prominent democratic organs in New York, and
' is a fair offset against similar extracts from tro 1
- “ Tribune” a Whig paper, over which the de
> mocratic papers of this State have made so
' much parade; and as such ,vc desire you to con
sider if, for it fully sustains our position th-A,
! at the North, leading men and papers of both
" parties, (to say nothing of the common people,)
‘ oppose the war with equal vehemence.
, Vermont. —We have returns from about se
, VAny towns which serve to confirm the impres
-1 sion, expressed yesterday, that there is no elec
tion of Slate officers bv the people. As the Le
gislature will be strongly Whig this is of no
‘ practical consequence.
i
’ The Great Western. —The N. Y. Cnra
, mereia! Advertiser of Monday afternoon the Bth
3 inst.says;—PheGreat Western from Liverpool,
' is now due at this port. The strong westerly
r wind of yesterday will retard her progress. I*
I shesailedon the day advertised (the 23d ult.)
there were only four days allowed her from th
I day of her arrival at Liverpool, to prepare for
sea. We understand she had as many passen
’ gers as -he could comfortably accommodate.
A Large Beet.— J ffin Harris, Esq.,ofWar
-1 ren county, has raised the present season a beet
\ which, after having been 'aken out of the ground
I 'wo weeks, weighed 20f pounds—circumference
22 inches, and 32 inches long.
Fremont’s Expedition. —A letter was re
ceived at Washington on Monday from Capt
Fremont, (now on his third expedition.) dated
from Bent’s Fort, on the Arkansas, on the 2d of
August. The party were all perfectly well
The lesser was committed to an express, who
was to ride night and dav to overtake Col. Kear
ney, who had left there four days previous to
their arrival. They expected to remain at the
fort som-’ days, from which they would, at their
leisure, give a detailed account of their plans
and movements.
Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference.—
The large body of ministers composing this
conference, convened at Cincinnati on Wednes
day morning last. Bi-hop Hamline is the pre
siding officer, and the Rev. .1. M. Trimble was
elected Secretary. The various committees
were appointed, and reports referred to said
committees. On Thursday morning, Bishop
Soule, who adheres to the Methodist Episcopal
church South, was invited to take the chair.
The conference was not willing to recognize :
him as its presiding officer, and adopted a reso- ,
lution by an almost unanimous vote, expressing i
it as “ inexpedient and highly improper,” for
Bishops who have separated themselves from |
the jurisdiction of the Methodist Episcopal
Church to preside in any conferences composing
said church.
i
The receipts of the Buffalo and Niagara Falls (
Railroad Company for August, this year, have
been about thirty-three per cent, greater than
those for the same month in 1844.
— - £
It is estimated that full 2,000,000 tons ot an- 1
thracite coal will be sent to market from the !
mines of Pennsylvania by the close of this sea- (i
son. This will be an increase ot 300,000 tons P
over the shipments of last season, all of which
will, without doubt, be requ ired for consumption, r
Phe amount shipped from the various mines
this season to the 4th inst. was 1,358,867 tons, e
nearly one-half of which came over the Reading p
Railroad. tl
Death or the Great Steam Hen by Fire.
-A steam establishment tor halchingchickens,
ducks, geese, turkeys, <fcc., for the New York
market, carried on at Weehawken Hill, near s\
hat city, was burnt on Saturday last, with se- ci
veral thousand of the youthful bipeds. The ci
anfl machinery was partly insured ol
The N Y. Express says that those who have r<
lasted the poultry raised at this establishment T
pronounce it superior to any they ever ate, and N
the sight of the thousands of fowls gamboling i
oil the water, or running, or lying in the grass,
was truly gratifying a tut curious.
Prom the N. O. Picayune, of the talk ins/.
Later ami important from Mexico.
The Mexican schooner Vucau-co, Prats, mas
ter, arrived as this port yesterday Irom Tampi
co. whence siie sailed on the 30th of August, j
By*her we have received a ti e of El G-jen, a !
Tampico paper, down to the 27th of August, j
and a copy oi El Siplo Diczy Nv.evn of the 19 h !
ult. Irom the capital—a week later than was re- j
j ceived by the Joaquina on toe 31sl ult. But to j
i the news.
Mexico has not yet declared war, nor does j
j she appear in any manner competent to do so. j
| The country is rent by dissensions. Open re- '■
i volts have at last broken out in the army, and ;
on ail hands the ambitious military chieftains j
are quarrelling among themselves
The President has at last succeeded in the
i formation ol a Cabinet, which is composed as i
j follows: • State Depattment, Sr. D. Manuel |
de la Pena y Pena ; Justice, Ecclesiastical j
Affairs, &c., Sr. D. Jose Bernardo Couto; '
Treasury Department, D. Pedro F. de! Castillo;
: War and Marine, D. Pedro Maria Anaya;
We rannot make room for their letters ot ac- j
i ceptance of office, all dated August 14th. They i
I were wonderfu iy silent about the foreign rela
j lions of the country and war with the United
I Slates.
The S'glo of the 9ih states that a rumor had
! prevailed for three Jays in the capital of a mili
tary revolt in one section of the army under
i Gen. Pilisola, on its march to Texas. With
; out vouching for their accuracy the Sigh
' gives some of the details of the movement. it
: appears that the chicis and officers of the van
i guard ol this division, while three leagues dis
; taut from San Luis Poiosi. taking advantage of
I the momentary absence of Generals Pilisola
: and Ganna, assembled (e?i junto) and agreed
| s’ al they would not continue their march upon
j Texas unless they should receive, besides iheir
iliill pav, all the cqipments, p rq lisices, and
: provisions clan army ofcampaign. This res
i olution they reduced to a formal act. It was
1 reported tnrther that Generals Pilisola and Pa
j redes arrived just at the moment, and prevailed
i upon the division to resume the march,
i Gl Gejen ol the 27'h ult. hast' es■ me rumors,
j but states that it is likewise reported that the
I disaffected Portion ot the army has incorporated
| itself with the forces under G-n. Paredes; that
the latter refuses to obey the Government; that
j the third division of the army, which is under
j his command, is disposed (or a prnnunciame-tito,
I and, it is even whispered, that the object ol i:
will be to proclaim a Consul. E( G- jen is more
then half inclined to believe all this. ‘ [’here am
evidently some operations on foot hostile to the
G •vtmnment, but the precise object of which
has not vet transpired. A number of the Sizla
which we have not seen has been receiver la'
Tampico. It mentions the arrival in the city
of Mexico of commissioners from Paredes and
Pilisola.
The editor of the Sislo is excessively indig
nant that officers, who have liver! at the expense
"f the nation, should, when ordered to the fron
tiers, to defend the most sacred rights of the
country, impose conditions upon then Govern
ment It insists, with some spirit and a little
Mexican bluster, that they should be discharg
ed Irom the service.
The editor of tire Siglo writes in the most
despairing tone of the internal condition ol the
Republic, and of the state of political morals at
the capital. Here, ho sav*-, criminals have no
sham 0 , because crime has no punishment. Im -
purity rs the rule of the day ; men enter upon
revolts as speculations in which little is risked
and much mav be gaine i. Such is the tone of
his speculations which wc would translate had
we room, to show the complete moral disor
g nization ot society in Mexico —a prey to job
bers, speculators, military aspirants and adven
turers.
Letter.- have been received at Tampico from
San Luis P tosi, which announce that a revo
lution is near at band. There appears to be a
strong demand h r the re-esmblislim*ml of the
Federal Constitution of 1821, and it this be not
granted ! v the Government, it is likely to he
carried by force. In the Departmental Assem
ble of Tama Minas, a proposition to second the
initiative of Z"C decas (Tor flie restoration of
this Constituti n) has already been introduced.
Should we have arrivals, we are not likely to
wait man v days for news of the results of ihc
various machinations of tfie revolutionists.
Our limits will net allow ns to enter into anv
speculations upon this subject, suggested hv the
capers before os, and at which we have had on
ly time hastily to g'ance.
I he house of L'zar<M& Co., is again bitterly
censured for its management of Mexican ft
nances, but the controversy on this subject has
been carried on in London, and is not, of course,
new here.
Gen. Paredes lias become involved in a vio
lent newspaper controversy with Sr. Roves a
deputy whoso diseomfit'ed the late Ministry.
The President has expressed to the General his
enduring confidence in his fidelity and patriot
ism.
Gen. Arista, ton. is quarrelling through the
papers with Gen. Woll—defending hires. If and
accusing Woll of insubordination, &c. We
note the affair only to stow how the military
leaders of Mexico are divided amongst them
selves.
On the 23d ult. the Mexican steamer Gunde
Iflep was expected at Tampico, with from 8» 0
to 10'tO tents for the troops of the Army of the
North.
There were no A raerican vessels at Tampico
when t'nc Yncateco sailed, nor does the captain
bring any important verbal news. Rumors,
however, abound, for which we have not room.
Advices to the 11th ot August have been re
ceiver! at Mexico from Guatemala. An effort
is making to re-establish the bonds n! federation
between the States of San Salvador. Guatemala
and Honduras. For this purpose the two for
mer States have appointed Commissioners to
meet at Znnzonate, to deliberate upon condi
tions. Guatemala has also named a Commis
sioner to ratify a treaty of peace with Honduras,
and another of commerce with San Salvador.
The Constituent Congress of Guatemala has
also passed two decrees, one introducing some
very strict measures ofeconomy, and regulating
the order in which die public creditors shall be
paid; the o her, providing that the products of I
Mexico introduced into that State should pav |
the same duties as il they proceeded from any ,
other foreign country.
i
A Firboccupied in Philadelphia on Sunday
morning which destroyed properly to the value (
of 035,000. The parlies were fully insured. s
Correspondence of the Baltimore Patriot.
N Rw-York, Monday, P. M.
The Great Western has not ye' been icle- (
graphed, and I have no doubt she did not sail
until the 25th ult., consequently will not be due s
until to-morrow night. (
The cotton market remains firm, with sales of a
t!00 bales. Flour is steady ho* rather dull
prices have not undergone nnv.alteration Gene
see is offered at 04.75, QHin SJ.ffßs a 4 75 —
Whiskey is rathcrrlull at 25J cents. Groceries I
remain firm but the transactions to-day have tl
been limited. There has been a good deal of j,
excitement in the provision market to-dav, as R
me of the inspectors’ ■ o.is have been found
o run short; and receivers who have deposited ( "
heir stock there are lei: y issuing bonds nt re- a
fievin for the recovery <T Ihc same. The de
a lilting inspectors are all locofbeos.
ELECTRO •MA ON E TIC Tk t,CG RAP H. Thf! PclJM
wl van inn states that arrangements are now
’ompleted for connecting the principal cominer
■ial cities on the northern seaboard hv means
>f M orse’s Magnetic Telegraph, before the I
orn mengemeni of the next session ot Congress
The woik is now under rapid progress between
Jew York and Baltimore, including Philadel- m
phia, aha the Canal Cou.-issioneis i , ~"
sylvania having signified their asser,.-r 4V|,£ -
to future legislation,) for exiendin* t«-
graph along the canals and raiin.Hs ' lele '
State, the ime ( ,f electric c0nm,,,.,:*.
be extended westward to will
Congress and the Legislature are i.,'' " 1
' L 1,1 -^ssiun.
Correspondence of the Phila. North Aratrk
New York, Sent 9 *
The books oi' the Eric Railroad si** &l ’
j opened this morning, and now nre ‘ V-ere
j that promises well lor the completion, r,l S, * k
; —luit il is not at all creditable to Nei v d
: public spirit. A lew large sums'are h k
i h,lt rhe balance is made up of the meai J°"" :
‘ 0500 a 01000, and that too by l
i from 200 to §500,000 worth of " ho Se H
The same amount ol business fi, R <w JJ r yea,r
nave taken the whole sum: as it “ JonnS
; have been taken, "
i __
F'om the Baltimore American.
A ery Late from Brazil and the Ri m
Plate.
The IJ - s - ship St. Louis, Captain Mr
I Hompion R„„,| s U
i '«nark«bly shon rnn „l 29} davs from’p ,
; iTT/ 1 ‘ J(I ‘" rs 01 1,10 African are h
“4 comra ' rcial,n ' nd,i ' r
I' to nr Janeiro, Aug. 8,1345
Dates of the 26 h July from Buenos Am
state that Rosas has rejected all the proposition'
of the English and French ministers, and tba*
IS,! m fir
vVith the English, French and Monievideam
m front, and Generals Pay.and Lopes with their
armies in his rear. I think Rosas is near h ‘
political end.
J he follow ing additional intelligence is given
in the Patriot:
The day before the departure of the St. Louis
advices had reached Rio of the entire failure Jf
the attempted intervention on the part of'fin®
land and Prance, in the affairs of the River
Plate, ft was said, that on the rejection bv
Gen. Rosas, of the ultimatum sent in. the Eng.
fish and French Ministers would retire to Mon
tevideo, In the meantime, the Naval forces of
the allied ” Powers had taken possession 0!
the Buenos Ayrean Squadron off Montevideo,
and Gen. Otihe, commanding the besieging
army ot Gen. Rosas, had received notice tore'-
tire from the Banda Oriental,
Great excitement prevailed in Buenos Ayres,
and it was supposed England and Fiance would
be brought into open udiisiou with the .Argen
tine Republic. During the negotiations at
Buenos Tyres, the American Charge, Mr.
Brent, had offered his mediation. The offer
was accepted by Gen. Rosas, but declined by
'he Engli-li and French Ministers, on the
ground that the Charge wa- nut instructed, or
authorized by his Government.
Correspondence of ike Baltimore Patriot.
Philadelphia, Sept. 9. A, M.
The young man who committed a forgery on
'he Penn.vlvania Bank, and also robberv.for
which lie was committed to prison by Mayor
McCall :-n Saturday morning, died in his cell
on Sunday afternoon, about 1 o’clock. He had
spoken but little during his incarceration and
refused to give his name or place ol residence,
but from some marks on his clothing it was
thought that he belonged to a respectable family
in the city of New York.
During an altercation between a man and
hiMwjfe. yesterday morning, at a house in Apple
street, the woman, in .a fit of ungovernable pas
sion. Threw her infant, eleven months old. out of
the second story window. Fortunately noneo!
its bones were broken.
The U. S. ship S'. Louis. Capt. McKeever,
has arrived at Norfolk in a remarkably short
passage from Rk Janeiro.
Letters received by her report that Mr. A. H,
Everett, who went out in the U S. ship C< lora
hns on his wav m China was expected to return
from Rio to the United States in consequence of
ill-health. — Nat. Intel.
Novel Idea—A ventilator on the ptincipie
of the winnowing fan, has been placed in the
cellar of the room occunied by the Criminal
Court, v h ch being turned by hand with a
crank, throws a si rung current of cool air into
'he Court room above, through a hole cu' in the
floor for the purpose immediately under the wit
ness box. Lis an idea of Professor Espy to pu
rify the had atmosphere of the place, during the
heavy business of the sessions in hot weather,
and it is thought will answer the purpose. The
ventilator was erected under the direction of
Professor Espy. — Phila. Gazelle.
has been discovered that the calculi of
the human bladder can be dissolved bv an elec
tro-chemical process. Jhe discovery has been
made by a professor in the Academy of Flo
rence. ' This will he irnnortant to suffering hu
manity. Our physicians, familiarwhh eleciro
aetion, will be able to letecl and perform the
process.
ft is stated that the route towards the Chin
river will be prosecuted vigorously, arrange
ments being now made for this extension of the
“Atlantic and Mississippi Line,” bv the su; et
intendent. (Mr. O’Riellv. of Albany,) who has
obtained the assent of the State anthoridcs, anu
is making the requisite arrangements in Penn
sylvania for that purpose.
Zinc, by being melted and poll red k |l _
water, has been found to assume new properne
—it becomes soft and malleable, losing none 1
its tenacity, hut is capable of being spun'n l
the finest wire, pressed into anv required- 1 ’ ’
or rolled info any required thinness. ' .
discovery bv Prof. Faraday, and will pio\e 1
very great importance.
TO THF. JUSTICE'S OF THE PEACE OF ifU fl
I\rONl> COUNTY,
Richmond County, Georgia.—'* n
Infer!. 'ourt.-The Justices of the Peace for
the county of Richmond, aforesaid, are respect
ful! v requested to furnish the Justic- s of thf l,l
ferior Court with a Us' of such children, between
the ages of eight ami sixteen years, intheirs 1 11' 1
ral districts, as may need total or partial av
arice in obtaining their education. f-See *h
of the General Assemb’y, assented to the " 1,
of December, 1843.] It is necessary that tm
same should be returned by the Ist October n f
s l3-3t By order. JAMES McLAWS, Cleft-
To the A'otevs of the Tenth Ke?> lllfl
Georgia Militia.—Major J. J. EVROhn? I ®^
sented to become a candidate for the
Colonel of the 10th Regiment Georgia
and will be supported by MANA VOTf
TV Attention! I Oth Regiment. G.
AN RijFGTFON wiM be held on SATIJUD >
the 13th of-September inst., at thcClTl H
in this <-ify, for a Colonel to command t ' e
Regiment, G, M., vice Col. M. A. StoyfU
»rj. The [tolls will he opened at 10 o’clock,
ind closed at 1 o’clock, P.M. r »tFRS.
By order of Brig. Gen. GKO. W. SUM®
SAMUEL G.
Captain Augusta ArtiberyG •
At A STOVAIJ-f
Capt. Clinch Riflo ine '
Augusta, Ga-, August 18, 18-D.
.0 ivuch****^*'
Tlr Joseph S. tv inter Js to. s ■ ba
Iml Collection Office,
na.