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PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY COBURN & DWINBLL EDITORS.
TEEMS—82 00 PER ANNUM# PAYABI
VOLUME 10.
ROME, 6A., TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 6, 1855.
omc Courier
EVERT TUESDAY HORSING.
'COBBRSJ
BY COBURN & DTYINELL.
Terms of Subscription*
Ik j&TANcc, TER annum, . .Vl. . . . $2 00
Paid within Six MONTHS, ; .. ... . . . t2 50
PaID AT THE Etft OP YEAR. . . . ... $3 00
Terms
se inserted
Advertise-
gnbSMUfftt llMTtlOP.
Cr?t and
% the
IT ISA FACTESTABLISHED mod well
liie—rUM Ilin Oisliiees Hleimfl a k^Atia
the knowledge of medieine which ceased the
whole world to woaflw aaflaflmlrf. With them
the science of eh ecus try had its birth, end it is,
therefore, not at all struge that* people ae
wi—lfrr«uni.tasfoi In the hauling art, end ae
p—0—Mg Ml Arafat h ohewwtw, ehoold, by
actual end uoiir.ee expert meat, discover rem
edies for surpsaang in efficacy all others, for
diseases Incident tie them from
of life. The greater part of their
petit in faaiardons and bloody ware
fare with the different tribes, they were subject
to the most violent attache of rheumatism,-par.
air sis, Mtaralgte pains, and varieas iaflasnma-
tory disease*, aa also the raost horrid wound*,
sprains, bruises,-turners, swellings, diseases of
the joints, etc. etc. AU these diseases they
were so surpririnelr'eOhdeat in curing, that
the uninitiated locked wt«h wonder and attri-
hwtedlhah dltelki jiwincf OKflfaf’: H. G.
FARELLS ARAB TAN LIXIMhNT is a com
position of balsams and oils, from rare plants
peculiar to this country, and it was by the nse
of the article! composing the great remedy that
.net only their physician*, hot eren rite, wild
Arabs of the desert were enabled to perform
a—h -mharalwn cmoa.' The- Arab steed *
■mm id rHWldjW hi* beautiful symmetry of
form, his unsurpassed speed and agility, and
the Incredible fatigue ho is capable of cndorii
Why is it? Because from the time of his bi:
bis limbs, are carefully watched, and upon the
first appearance of disease the magic lotion is
applied, and such things as confirmed sweeny,
poll-evil, fistula, ringbone, scratches, spavin,
lameness, etc. eto, are unknown. The same
result will follow in all cases where H. G,Far-
^rell's Genuine Arabian Liniment tensed in time.
Therefore delay not in procuring a good supply
-of it, for every dollar spent in it will savc-yon
ftwentv. and a great deal of suffering/ If hot
jwr&fe.
Look omtfor Counterfeits!
The public are cautioned against, ano
counterfeit, which has lately made its appearr
ante, called W. B. Farrell’s Arabian Liniment,
the most dangerous of all ihctoBwuntertirfte, be-
-cause his having the name, of Famll, maiiy
will buy it in good faith, without the knowl
edge that a counterfeit exists, and they will per
haps only discover their error when tho span
ous mixture has wrought its evil effects. ...
The gen oine article is manufactured only by
H. G. Farrell. « >!e inventor and proprietor, and
wholesale druggist, No. 17 -Main street, Peons,
Illinois, to whom all apolications for Agencies
most be addressed. Be sure yon get it with
the letters H. G. before Farrell’s, thus—H. 6.
FARRELL’S—and his signature on the wrap
per, all others are connterfeats. T' •
-Sold by Kendriek A Pledger, Melville
G. B. F. Mattox, Mt. Hickory
c - Brown, Coosa P. O.
Brunner A Moyers, Summerville
Robert Battey, Wholesale Agent, Rome
’ authorized agents throughout
i States.
/arPrice 25 and 50 cents, and SI pcrbottle.
AGENTS WANTED in every town, village
-and hamlet in the United States, in which one
la mj slrvedy esfcsbRsbed." Address H. G. Far
rell as abovc^aecompanied with good reference
as to diameter, responsibility, Ac.
seen;
e’en;
THE LIFE-CLOCK.
TRANSLATED PROM TBS GERMAN
There 1* a little i
No human eye
Thatbeateth on—t
From morning unt
And when the soul te ....
And hearcth notasoun
It ticks, aad rich*, the live long day,
And never runneth down.
, wondrous is the work of nrt,
jfhieh knells the passing hour,
But art ne’er formed, nor mind conceived,
The life-clock’s map ~
Not eetfti gdd.nm-deckedwn^JSM..
By pride ana wealthj
But rich er poor, or high or low.
Each bears it in his breast.
When life’s deep stream,' ’mid beds of flowers,
Alt still and softir glides,
lake thewavelet’s step, with* gentle beat,
It wants of passing tides*
When passion r erves the warrior’s arm;
: For deeds of bate aad wrong, .
Though heeded not the fearful sound.
The knell is deep aad strong.
When eyes to eyes are gating soft,
Then test and wild it rattles on,
As if with lovef 'twere broken.
Suehte the dock that measures life,
Of flesh and spirit blended ;
And rims twill ran within the breast,
Till that strange life b ended.
oborqia’and ORIO.
SB. STEPHENS Iff REPLY TO HR. CAHP-
BELL.
Is ran House cur Represestattves.
January 15,1855.
TTEW FALL GOODS —PULL SUPPLIES.
WILLIAM .SHEAR. ALGUSTA,GA, '.
TT AS received from New l'ork, his Full Sup^
piies -if Fancy and Staple DRY GOODS,
table for the Fall and
Rich fancy colored SILKS, in great variety of
style arid of superior qu.-.Iby :
Rich Paris printed DELAINES, and Fancy all
i*a cord, white and Mack MERINOS, and
all wool
of new and
A very
* ! .v!es:
Fancy PRINTS, in
Fancy GINGAAMS, of new
EMBROIDERIES, embracing
f collars chemizett, cnder-
\ and HANDKERCHIEFS, of new
of the
CLOTH CLOAKS
land Plain Parte Silk
Velvet CLOAKS; '
A large eapply r.f Mismunii fThildrrm’g
of the best make;
Gentlemen’s superior Gauntlet
Merino and Silk VESTS; \ .
and Youth's Silk and Merino
DRAWERS; ^
Warp and
Colored
FLANNELS, of
» supply of MOURNING GOODS,
’ .of a superior quality;
and Pil-
Cai» LINEN.* -
-Saperior <5-4 and 10 by 4 Table and Damask
DIAPERS, slme of Extra quality;
Rich Damask TABLE CL0TH8 and NAPKINS
some of extra rise ;
Scotch and Bird’s Eye DIAPERS, extra fine,
for children'* wear : .-»•> «f: ;v J
Heavy Scotch DIAPERS and HUCKABACKS
for Toweling; ' ,
.Superior Whitney and Merino BLANKETS, of
extra size and qualitv, 1 • ..
Saperior CRIB BLANKETS, -4.r..........
Also a great variety of other new on nil o arti-
eles suitable for Family and Plantation tr —
The public are respectfully invited to call and
examine the. assortment. rr > »S a, . *»'
W. 8. especially solicit* a cal! from hi* long
continued friend* and patrons, and assures them
that no exertion on his part shall be wanting to
supply them with the latest and most desirable
styels of GOOD3, at the lowest prices. —
nor. 14, 1854.
DISSOLUTION.
T HE firm of Russell k Wadsworth was thi
day dissolved by mutual consent, all per
sons having claims, and those indebted to said
firm will please call on E. W. Russell, jr. for
settlement E. W. RUSSELL, jr.,
W. 8. WADSWORTH.
Nov. 14, '54. 3m
TROUT HOUSE.
THE undersigned begs to announce
to the citizens oi'Atlanta and the travel-
ifl public, that he will open the Trout House
on Monday next, for the accommodation of
boarders and transient persons, with furniture
entirely new. Rooms well ventilated, large and
airy Balls, and by constant attention to the
want* of his guests, the subscriber hopes to
bis House among the most desirable to be
Found in the State. AARON GAGE,
Atlanta, Nov. 28, 1854-ly Proprietor.
. Bat the gentleman says that the live-stock
in each State should be taken into the account
of the annual products. This te a most singu
lar idea. -Butlet it be done, and then how
standg the result? Still more favorable to Geor
gia. Every step he takes plunges Win deeper
in the mire of his errors.. For Georgia has much
mom- live-stock, in proportion, either to her
population, white ahdf black, or capital, than
Ohio has. Of neat cattle, Georgia has 1,097,-
528. Ohio, with about double foe population,
has only 1,453,947. This is exclusive of swine
or hogs. For when the gentleman talks of driv
ing Ohio fat bogs to Georgia, he must be re
minded that Georgia has more hogs than Ohio
■has. Georgia, by the census, had 2,188,817
hogs, while Ohio, with her much larger popula
tion, bad only 1,964.770. But if the whole val
no of the live-stock in'each State be taken in
to the-aceount, I say thevesult will sti'lbe more
favorable to Georgia. The Ohio live-stock is
pot down nt $44,121,741. In Georgia it is pat
down at $25,728,416. If these amounts be ad
ded to the respective products before stated, we
shall have the Ohio aggregate, as the geutle-
man statss. $189,959,97S,apd tbe Georgia ag
gregate, $91,216,683. We should then have the
Georgia capital, of $101,647,594, producing
$91,216,683, which te 89 per cent., and - the
Ohio capital, of $371,509.18S, producing $189,-
959.973. which is only 51 per cent. Being a
production at the ratio of 3S per cent, on capi
tal Jb favor of Georgia.
I have, Mr. Chairman, gone through with
this illustration more for the purpose of expos
ing the fallacies of the gentleman than for any
other-purpose ; And to show that, notwithstand
ing hta most untenable assumptions as to the
baste of priepp. and bis want of adherence,
even to his own basis, first, in not abiding by
fate own list furnished me for Ohio products,
and then in not putting.Georgia potatoes at the
New York city, market price, when he adopted
that baste ; that, notwithstanding all this-, bis
effort to make it appear that the agriculture of
Ohio, under her system of labor, is more pros
perous than that of Georgia under her system,
Ins, according to the soundest principles of po
litical economy most signally foiled. I. there
fore. leave this branch of fhe’ subject where I
left It before. The samo exhibits T then made
on this subject, I again make, and hold them
up to the strictest scrutiny.' J Tbeir results may
astonish many who have never devoted' atten
tion and Investigation on the subject* but the
principles upon which they are founded, and
the great truth they illustrate, may be railed at,
but' they can never be referred.
But, Mr. Chairman, my time, is fast passing
away,-and I, tpb. mast pass hurriedly on.
The gentleman says there are other statis
tics besides those of agriculture ; and he goes
Into an enumeration of several classes 'of them
in comparing the physical, as well as intellec
tual, developments of Ohio with Georgia; he
Instances manpfcetures, public improvements,
colleges, ehnrches, and some others I can only
glance at.
The first he gives,ds the following tables :
JfAXUFACTCRES, BTC,
Capital Xnr Saawat * to Cm*
tenatr* amiU rrVwc- pr»!t
Ml* saotaHS **M77.«*r satsw.as v-.w
'Amsfe Mtea/iWw *• -
OfctaakmS ptfiSSJOBS gn.TT*."* 1 $S9^*r,TM li.fl
From this table one would suppose that Ohio
had the capital here stated invested in mans*
fcctnres, with the result stated; hut. sir, by
turning to the census returns, we shall find that
mueb more ls covered by tho eteoetera than by
manufoctures ; under this et catcra comes me
chanic arts and mining. But in the census I
find no clue to what these 'mechanic arts are, or
the details of mining—I do, however, to manu-
factnres proper, which is the leading ti
tle of the, tablft. We have in the cenaas (Ghm-
pendiam, page 180) the manufactnros of cotton,
woolens, pig iron, wrought iron, iron castings,
and distilleries and breweries ; these are all the
detailed heads of manufactures proper that the
census gives—and the whole capital in Ohio,
invested In all these branches together, is but
$6,161,644!
Here 1s the exact amounts taken from the
census: . ' t ' t '' :
Capital invested in manufactures of .
cotton $297,000
Capital invested in manufactures of
. woolens
Capital invested in manufactores of
pig iron
Capital invested in manufactures of
wrought iron ' y
Capital invested in manufactures of
iron castings ' ,
Capital Invested In manufaetnresdf
distilleries and breweries
Under tho Head of distilleries and breweries, cation in contemplating tho working of our in-
I find that Ohio had aoapitat Invested of $1,- | atitutions, is, that many of that great number of
‘ students, both male and female, who n«w crowd
oar colleges and balls of learning, with sueb
870,220
1,503,000
164,800
2,063,650
1,262,974
$6,161,644
r I do not iaelnde fisheries and salt-making
for bow they eaa be properly classed with man
ufactures I cannot Imagine; so that eteatlera
by the gentleman under the bead of manufac
tures, etc. And now, I will take up two of the
most important of these manufactures proper, to
wit: cotton and woolen*, and see how they
stand, respectively, in Ohio and Georgia r
GEORGIA MANUFACTURES. /
iroer »> v*i®t
, • w s» ngas? nw «
: OHIO MANUFACTURES.
XhhVT.
*EL. c ™2 r rrijae't 'S
•rrrr ti*\ V. 001 * R3G4.70I '49
a» *$7wSim «
From thisit appears that, in tho manufacture
of cotton and woolen*, (which are thone things
that the mind generally turns to, when sponking
of manufoctures,) so far from Ohio being 13,91
per cent ahead, when we take the ratio of capi
tal to production, she is, in the first, 22 per
cent, and in the other, 25 per cent behind. I
have not looked into the manufacture of iron,
to see how the result, would stand, because
Georgia has very little capital invested in that
business, and Ohio has certainly not enough to
make it a matter of great importance there*.
mtauu-
MKJfTr.
262,974, In which they and 880,950 bushels of
barley, 8,588,140 bushels of earn, and 281,750
bushels of rye; out‘of which, they made 96,048
barrels of ale, and 11.865,>50 gallons of whis-
kyl Bat the prieooftbo corn or grfiin te not
given, • > that it te Impossible to toll wbat ratio
the value ofthe produet in this business bore to
t&e investment. But it may be that it is under
this head that a very heavy percentage eras
counted, whioh increased the mean average on
manufactures in all branches taken as a class.
But in Georgiy on the. manufacture of cotton,
the prodoetlon, after taking off the oost of labor
and raw materials; bean to capital invested the
ratio of 55 per oent; in Ohio but 33 per cent
In Ohio, on woolen manufactures, the similar
ratio of product to capital i* 31 per bent;' In
Georgia 56 per cent! I cannot dwell on these
tilings.. -
Mr. CAMPBELL. You are wrong there,
Mr. STEPHENS. No, sir. I am never wrong
upon a~ matter I have given aselbse attention to
aslhavwthis
Mr. CAMPBELL. I can prove it
Mr. STEPHENS. Yon had a chance to show
that I was wrong once before, but you signally
foiled. Try it again.
Ieome, now to railroads. The gentlemnn
says that Ohio has 2.367 miles of rail road in op
eration, while Georgia has but 884 by the cen
sus, placing Ohio 1,485 miles a head. Very
well, sir. This te a very good showing; and if
she had five timee as many more miles. It wonld
have nothing to do with what I said about ag
ricultural products. But, sir, as favorable as
this showing seems to be for Ohio, if are look a
a little into the matter, it will not be so bad for
Georgia as the' gentleman seems to imagine. I
find, by looking into the Railroad Journal, and
taking all. the roads in Ohio and-Georgia—the
condition of which te given in that publication
—that 1,071 miles of the Ohio roads, which
have a capital of $18,094,102, have, also,
a ftmded debt of $12,225*400 ;..while In Georgia,
553 miles pr her roads, the capital or whieh is
$9,099,973, have ofumded debt of only $732,-
401.
From thisit appears that the roads in Ohio,
as for as I have been able to get information,
are two thirds unpaid for; while io Georgia
less than one twelfth of hers is unpaid for; If
all the roads in each State, therefore, stand in a
similar condition; or if the 1,071 in one, and
553 in tho other, may be taken as a sample for
the whole in each State, then Georgia has more
road completed and paid for than Ohio has.—
Two-thirds of 2.367 the number of miles of the
Ohio roads, te 1.578. which, taken from that
sum. leaves only 789 miles io'operation and un
paid for. While one twelfth taken from 884
miles of the Georgia roads, .leaves 811 miles
complete aad paid for. And why should not
these improvemnnts, boasted of, as they are, os
evidences of prosperity, be subjected to this test?
Is it any more evidence of the thrift of prosper
ity of a people, that they have railroads for
whieh they are heavily encumbered, than it is
of the thrift of prosperity of a man, from the
fact that he accumulates property by running
In debt for it ? A man's real thrift can only he
eorreetiy ascertained by knowing not only what
he has, and wbat he makes, but what he owes.
And the same principle is equally applicable to
States or communities. With this view ofthe
subject therefore,.and especially when we take
into consideration the much greater population
of Ohio than Georgia, tho railroad showing fs.
by no means, prejudicial to the character of the
latter State, for that sort of progress, which
pays as it goes, and' which never fails in the
end to secure the most lasting and permanent
prosperity.
But the gentleman says that “there te another
sort of development to bo considered—that of
the min A” and he cites us to the colleges in
Ohio, 26 in number, against 13 in Georgia, put
ting Ohio 13 ahead. Now; sir, let ns see if he
'is entitled to this boasting exultation upon any
just principles of comparison. Ohio, it is true,
has, by the census returns. 26 colleges,. wbile-
Georgia has but 13. But Ohio has a white pop
ulation of L955.050, while Georgia has hu t 521,-
572. Ohio, therefore, might very well be ex
pected to have more colleges; but if the gen tle
man claims the number of colleges as evidence
of greater development of mind, Ohio ought to
have a number eqnnl to the ratio of her'popula
tion to that of Georgia- And, upon this basis,
she ought to have 48 instead of 26. so that' she
is really 22 behind what she ought to have in
stead of being 13 ahead.
Bnt, sir, there is another view of this subject
that the gentleman did not present, but which
is one much more intorresting to those looking
after mental development than fhe number of
colleges, and that is, the number of pupils or
students at them. Georgia, at her 13 colleges,
by the census, has 1,535 pupils; and Ohio, to
have as many in proportion to her population,
onght to have 5,852, hut, in foct, as the returns'
show, she has only 3,621. ' So, here again.upon
the basis and ratio orwhite population. She is
2,231 behind. Georgia, by the census, has one
pupil at college for eyeiy 339 of her entire white;
population, and Ohio has only one for every
539 of hers. In this particular, Georgia by the
ceqsns returns, is not only ahead, and a long
ways ahead of Ohio, but of every State In the
Union, and of any and every other State or na
tion in the civilized world 1 This I will .set down
as a legitimate “set off” against the gentleman’s
array of those who cannot read and write in Geor
gia. On this bead he says, that Ohio has but
one to every twenty-nine of her population who
eannot read and write, while Georgia has one
to every twelve of hers. I shall not dispute tho
returns of the census takers on this bead, either
in Georgia or Ohio; hat there is ono rinealar
fact about it which strikes me as something
worthy of note, and that is, that out of the for
eign population—alien born—218,099, in Ohio,
there should be found no more than 9,062 adults
vrho cannot read and write. If this he true, then
much that we bear said of the ignorance and
want of intelKgenee on the part of that class of
people; cannot be well founded.
But I have this to tay of this showing against
Georgia. Moeh of itis owing to somo important
facta ip her history. Geotgte, ft is tone, as the
S entlerann says, was one of the old thirteen
fates; bnt, in point ofsettlement, she should
be ranked junior to several of the new States,
particularly Ohio . It has hot been twenty
years since she got possession of her entire ter
ritory. And for forty yean after independence
was declared, she bad possession of bnt little
over half of it It was held by the aborigines,
while the Indian title to at least two thirds of
the Ohio territory—if I am not mistaken—was*
extinguished by the treaty of Greenville, in
1795. . Ohio jvasadmitted ask St* to in 1802 ;
and, as early as 1817, the Indian title was
extingnifhed throughout her territory, with the
exception of some small reservations. It was not
until 1888—more than twenty years afterwards
—that the Indians were remorod from that
large and fertile seotfon of our State known as
Cherokee country. This Is now, by far. tho
most densely populated of any part ofthe St£to.
The Policy of Georgia In tottering off her lands
ia'snudl tracts ot 102j; and 160, and ,40 acres
eaeh, witbont any price, except the grant fees,
naturally induced tho landless, and tho most
indigent, whose means for education in early
life bad boon most limited in tho neighboring,
and oven distant, States, to look to her cheap
domain for homes whenever any portion of , it
was expected to bo oponod for settlement. Ma
ny of these pioncors, uneducated themselves,
went Into tho woods, with hardly anything save
a hor.HO and a cart, an ax and a gun, a wife and,
perhaps, not a few “little ones." Without con
venient schools for several years, the older mem
bers ofthe rising families grew up os their fath
ers had done. Amongst this class U to be
found much the greater number of those adults
amongst us who can neither road nor write;
but, with industry and frugality, where labor
meots with the returns it does with us, compe
tency and comforts soon followed. Then came
"men servants and maid servants;” and,
then also, commenced that physical develop
ment whieh it is ray prido here to-day to exhibit
in such a high degree of prosperity ; and, what
to me is a source of still moro prido and gratill-
distinguished honor to tho 8tate,are tho young
er sons and daughters of parents, who, thirty
and forty years ago, commenced life’s career
In our then wilderness, poor, illiterate, and des
titute, as I havo described. Moreover, Geor
gia has never .received any aid from .this Gov
ernment for educational purposes. Ohio has
reeeivod 69,120 acres of land for eolleges, which
at Government prices, is $86,400. She has, be
sides, received, for oomtnon schools, 704,488
acres of land, whieh, at the same estimated
rates, makes moro than 800,000. And, for in
ternal improvements, sho has received 1,050,-
287 acres more. And to this timy also he ad
ded over half a million of dollars sho has re
ceived as a porcontago on the amount of iand
sales in her limits. Georgia has been yonr ben-
efnetor to the nmonnt of millions in the grant
of public domain, but the recipient of nono of
these favors. She made herself what she is
by her own exertions, energy, and enter
prise.
But sir, I pass on to churches. The gentle
man gives this table:
No. of Aceotn- * Average
churches, modntion. Value. value.
3.936 1,447,294 $5,7*93,099 $1,471
1,862 . 647,197 1,269,359
shipment. It gives employment to 50.000 A-
raerk-on urarnon, and one million of American
tonnage in its'coastwise shipment,
employment to
ping, an*’ 40,000
eign shipment Twenty-five thousand other
persons, at least nro engaged in receiving and'
17bat Is Loro?
coastwise shipment. It gives } - ^, 0ua » od «sk«d this question.—
800,000 tons of American ship-' A thou, “ Dd P? r et * bave tlU *ed imagination to
0 American seamen, in its for- f n<We . r 7* Uncounted thousand# of mortals
— have declared it unanswerable.. « - .
Philosophers have analyzed Lovo. Mystics
shipping It It’ gives" employ monVto'aUeM'ti , hav ®, MateriaHst* have material:
100,000 operators in American factories, whoso lfaS“ » SpiritualisU have spiritualized it. The
Ohio
Goorgia
Oiho ahead 2,074
679
840,097 $4,523,740 $792
Hero the gentleman again, ns usual with him,
sets down Ohio as airarf/ But let us see if suoh
bp the fact? Ohio has more ehnrches, it is
true, and ought to have, for she has more peo
ple. Bat how does the number of churches
stand in proportion to the population in each
State? By the census, the church accommoda
tion in eaeh is as‘-follows: Georgia 2,05 to every
1,000 population; Ohio 1,99 to every 1,000 pop
ulation; that is, Georgia has over two churches
to every one thousand of her entire population,
white and black, while Ohio has less than two
to the sarnie portion of her population. To have
her full ratio of churches, according to popula
tion. to be equal to Georgia, Ohio ought to have
4,059, instead of 3,936. So that, so far from
being two thousand and seventy-four .ahead, as
the gentleman says she is really, and in fact,'
123 behind! It is tone th2 Ohio buildings are
estimated ‘at higher cost or value than those in
Georgia i and this may be according to the fact
But with us we do not look so much to the
splendor of architecture, on the outward ap
pearance of our temples of worship as we do to
having a house of some sort where the people
of all classes, including the “poor," yen even
the “slaw," may have “the Gospgl preached to
them 1"
Now, sir, as the gentleman has seen fit to
leave the original issne of the comparitive ag
ricultural developments of the two States, and
has given ns statistics on other mntteis, I will
follow his example, and call attention to one or
two other subjects whioh will throw some light
upon the workings of their respective social
systems. " The exhibition of churches is only
one side of the moral picture. Let ns torn it,
and look at the other- How stand the lists of
crimes in these States? By tho census, in Geor
gia, during the year for which the returns were
taken, there were but 80 criminal convictions in
the whole State; while in Ohio there were 843!
There were, in Georgia, in the penitentiary, 89
convicts; in Ohio there were 406! and of these
406 then in prison for crime in Ohio, 44 of them
were blacks! Forty-four, out of a free black
population of 25,279. This te a .most striking
fact, showing the immorality of that particular
class of people, as well as their degradation.
If crime existed in the same ratio amongst the
whites in that State, there wonld bo over three
thousand of them in the State prison? The
gentleman spoke of “carrying the war into Af
rica." I thought that was the last place he
wonld be disposed to carry it, as the sable sons
of that nnfortnnate land seem to be his especial
favorites. But as he has carried it there, it is
but proper that the result sjiould be duly chron
icled.
Again, fhe general condition of a people is.
to some extent, indicated by the amount of
ws.nt and destitution amongst them. On this
head, comparing Georgia with Ohio, the census
presents the following results:
Annnaleost
Paupers.' of strpport.
Georgia 1,036 27,820
Ohio 2,513 29,250
But, Mr. Chairman; my timo.is nearly out.
There are mrmy Other matters, I did wish to
allude to, which I must pass over and omit I
wanted to say somethin'* ab**ut the present con
dition of things in some of the Northern States,
particularly in the city oP- N«w Y ork, where it
is now found that there is, after al’, something
in life worse than being required, or even made,
to work. This is the gr at evil the negro in the
South is subjected to. in the opinion of those
who rail so much against onr social system.—
But that greater evil which is now felt in New
York, is the waht of work to do. by which
means may be earned to keep from starving.
"Hunger is a sharp thorn” was. a few days ago,
the banner motto, horn by thousands in that
great mercantile metropolis. Under onr system,
sir, we never have such scenes. We have, it is
true, our affi ictions of diseas s, and epidemics,*
and disasters of drought, floods,and hurricanes;
but the wail of thousands crying for bread, has
never yet, under tho blessings, of Heaven, been
heard in onr land of sunshine and plenty,
‘- cursed’’ though it be, with slavey ! We have
a “ Social Providence," to use a late very ap
propriate designation given by the New York
Xriouoe, which prevents all this. A system by
which capital, accumulated in the years of
plenty, is required to sustain labor in the years
of wuut. These matters I wished to go some
what into, but I cannot. But enongh has been
said to show a development, wbdther considered
physically, morally, socially, or intellectually,
quite sufficient to place Georgia,(with domestic
institutions as much abused ns they are by
those who know so little’about them) fully along
side of Ohio, " the giaut of tho West," oj- any
other State of this Union.—That wasjny prop
osition. add I think I have made it good.
; I want, in conclusion, however, to fay a few
things, Mr. Chairman, about one of our great
staples. I Omitted it in its proper place, bu It
will do, perhaps, just as well bore. I mean the
article of cotton; and I w'ali to say what I do
on that subject, from tho fuct that I havo seen
it stated that the Ohio hay crop was equal to
the Georgitreotton crop, and that tho hay crop
of the United States Annually is quite equal
in importance, as an agricultural product, to
this great south rn, or 1 should rather say,
national staple. Those Who thns think, or talk,
or Argue, take a very narrow, imperfect, and
unphilosopbicai, as well as unstatosmanlike view
of the subject. As to tho morti money value
of this article,.or its excess in valuo over tho
other, i£ is not my purpose to speak; that—*
S eat as', in fact, it is—is a small matter, infin
ity small when placed by tho side of otbor
larger and more comprehensive consideration*
of the question. Seine things have yalnos ex
trinsic as well as intrinsic. Cotton is eminently
ono of these. Gold and sijvor are not so much
entitled to be placed on the list of such things
as itis. The extrinsic valno of these metals
arises from their agency ns the adopted repre
sentatives of ell valncs. With thoir displace
ment, howover, many substitutes ffouid he ob
tained. Bnt what substitute could be procured
for tho agency of cotton ?
Lot ns look; for a moment—and I have but a
moraont or two left—Into some, of the .relations
of this product to theaetivebusiness opetotioUs
of the world. To illustrate, I will state simple
faefe. These foots nro collected from tho vory
able report I hold in my hand. It was made
by Mr.. Andrews,a northern in .in. It lsEx,Doo.
No. 136,1st. sess. 32d Cong. Full credit, there
fore, may ho givon to tho facts. They como
with tho stamp of tho highest authority. From
this documont it apponrs that the cotton crop
of this country glvos employment .to at least
120,000 tons of inland steam tonnage, and 7,.
000 porsons in transporting it to point* fq
annual wages are over $17,000,000. Tn 'these
factories there are invested eighty millions of
American capital, which turn out, annually, at
least seventy millions worth of products! With
thpso facts before him, the writer of the report
uses this language. I ask the attention of the
committee to it, because it is’no less graphic
than truthful: . “
’ “ Every interest throughout the land—at the
North and the South, in tho East and the
West, in tho interior, and on the Pacific as well
as the Atlantio coast—receives from it (cotton)
active and material aid. It promotes, essen
tially, the agricultural interests in those States
where cotton is - not produced. It Is the main
source of the prosperity of tbs-mechanic, the
artisan, and other laboring classes, at well ns
that of the merchant,and manufacturer in every
section of the Union. Everywhere it bos laid,
broad and deop, and permanent, the foundations
of the wealth andstrengh of the United States,
and of their independence of foreign nations.
More than anything else has this product made
other nations, even the most 'powerful, depen
dent on the “ United States of America." More
than any other article, nay, more than all other
agricultural products united, hhs cotton advan
ced the navigating and commercial interests
of the eastern Atlantic States, andpf the whole
Union. It, more than any other agricultural
product, has cherished and sustained those in-
bteres(s, not merely by its direct cohtribntion,
fut by awakening commerce in other countries,
frdm which they have received profitable em
ployment. Neither the whale fisheries, nor the
mackerel and ood fisheries have been of the
same importance and value to those interest as
the annual cotton crop of the United States,
since the war of 1812, has been, for its trans’-'
portation coastwise and exportation to foreign
countries. Like the light and heat of the sun,
the genial effects of this inestimable blessing
which Providence has bestowed upon this fa
vored people, reach every portion of the land.
They extend to every city, and town, and vill
age, and hamlet, and form house—to the ship,
to the steamboat, to the canal barge, and to
the railroad.”
Yes, sir, throughout the length and breadth
of this vast Confederation of States, there is
not a tenement, whether cabin or palace, where
the life-giving and life-sustaining influence of
this Southern prod.net is not felt and realised.
And besides this, it may he added tbatthe same
article gives employment, and the mehns of
supporting human life, to at least three millions
'of persons in Europe, and the investment of at
least threo hundred millions of their capital!
Figures almost fail, sir, to calculate the extent
qf the influence of this article upon the comfort,
the happiness and well being of mankind. The
one sixth, at least, of all these results is due to
that portion of this product contributed by
Georgia. This sketch gives ns but a slight
glance at some of the extrinsic values of cotton,
to which the money talue. to,the grower, great
as it is, is but a«drop in the ocean. But who,
in the face of these facts, and these grand re
sults, cah be bold enough to maintain that this
product of the South, in value and importance,
is to he put in the balance and weighed down
by the hay crop of the North ? Or, that the cot
ton crop of Georgia, that contributes one sixth
of all these results, Is, in like manner, to*he put
in the scales against the hay crop of Ohio?
The dried grass, the cow food, that sustains life
for a season in their herds of cattle; though
they were conntless in number! The snbjecfo
hardly allow a contrast, much less a comparison;
and whoever attempts it, does injustice, not only
to his own intelligence as a statesman, if he has
asp&rk of it about him, but he does gross injus
tice to one of tho most important elements of
his country’s greatness! To adopt the figure of
the author of the report I have just read from,
we might much better compare the lard lamps,
or wood fires, or whatever else lights up the
dwellings of the nineteen hundred thousand in
habitants of that State every night, to the full
blaze ofthe “glorious king of day” at noon
shedding abr ad, not only light, bnt heat, ani
mation, and life npou a smiling world around
ns.
Naturaltzatxow.—Governor Price of New
Jersey, in bis late annual Message to the Legis*.
latnra. says •
“Tho naturalization laws ofthe United States,
and the manner of their execution by the Federal
and State Courts, is a subject for grave, consider
ation. The non-enforcement of the intention
and spirit of the law has givon rise to an hbnse
which demands a remedy, and has aroused a
feeling and spirit becoming to patriotic Ameri
can citizens, which is sympathized in by both
naturalized and native citizens. Congress, un
der the Constitution dftrfe United States* has
established a uniform rnle of natutalization, and
nnder It citizenship can only ho conferred. The
law may not he so unexceptionable in itself as
the manner of its execution* We are honnd, as
a State, to faithfully execute the laws of Con
gress, nnd any law passed upon the subject cal
culated to exalt the Attributes of American citi
zenship will be duly honored and regarded by
New Jersey.
“A law prohidi ting our courts from natura
lizing for a period of time. previous to State
elections would be attended with beneficial re
sults and add greaterphrity to our hallot-hox.
whieh must be vigilantly guarded. It is just
upon the eve of an eiecton, when party spirit
runs high, that foreigners are sought’ after by
partisans', and brought before the coarta for na
turalization ; and it is asserted that the court
fees-are often paid by them ; indeed, it has been
understood for a long time that it co : ts foreign"
era nothing for their naturalization, if they are
not/frequently paid for becoming oitizens. Evil
practices should be checked, and any measure
adopted by Congress will be enforced by this
State.”
To Conn Earacrr.—Earache maybe reliev
ed by dropping a little sweet oil and laudanum,
warm, into tho ear, and applying hot salt in
flannel rags, so as to kcop the part constantly
warm. ,
Wash for the Hair.—Olive oil, half an
ounce; oil of rosemary, ono drachm ; strong
hartsh rn, two drachms ; rose-water,' half a
pint Add tho rose-water by degrees, other
wise it will rot nraalgnurate. -
Many lives might be saved by a knowledge of
this simple reccip : A inrgv toaspaionful of mus
tard mixed in a tumbler oi warm water and
ewalfow it ns soon ae possible aots as ah instant
emotic, sufficient to remove all that is lodged
in the stomach.
Farmers Make Yotm own Candles.—
Take 2 pounds of alum, for every 10 pounds of
tallow, dissolve it in water before the alum wa
ter is put in, and, then melt the tallow in the
alum water with frequent stirring,, and it Will
clarify and harden the tallow as to make a
most beautiful article for either winter or sum-
mor use, almost as good as sperm.—American
CctloH Planter. *
Antidote Fon Stmchnixe. -Camphor has
been discovered to bo an antidote fof that terri
ble poison, strychnine. A man who had been
thrown into convulsions by two doses of poison
—one-sixth of a grain each, administered for
tho rhonmatism—was relieved by 20 grains of
camphor takon in six grains of almond mixture.
Dr. Suddock, in q letter to the London Lancet
claims te have mode the discovery.
• —■ r
Stino of a BBB.—-Apply selermtus wet. It
is an excellent cure: This fact should ho re
membered whon tho stinging season comes on.
To Remove Ixk stains prom Cloth.—Tho
moment the ink is spilt, tako a little milk and
saturate tho stain ; soak it up with'a rag. nnd
apply alittio moro milk, rubbing it well in. In
a few miuiftps tho ink will bo complotoly re
moved,
Wise have sought for ik The Happy have
•found ik For my part, I have believed in
ik
What it Lore f
To become one flesh, says the Scripture.—
To become ono spirit, says the Poet It is un
ion, says Matter-of-facts. It- is harmony, says
Love of-truth. It ja God, tay I, as others have
said before me.
God is love. Bnt what is God )
God is tho ideal perfection/ the mostintimate
inward self, the utmost possibility we Can con-
ceive-^-bay, the conleptmn of tho inconceivable.
In many way* we imagine God, or the Ideal
—as Infinite Force, as Infinite Space. Time.
Knowledge, and Happiness. P
In one form only we know—that is, feel—
God; it is in Love.
Love gives a form, a substance; an external
reality, to our own inward omnipotence.
To know God, wo must bo God: Love makes
us g9ds.
It is this infinite God, or Lore, which ani
mates every individual living atom of the In
finite living Cosmos, which is the cause of at
traction, of coherence,: of motion, and -of all
things. *
Let us consider the phenomena of .Love.
A man and woman meet. They are beautiful
to one another.
Wbat does that mean?
It means that each'recognizes in the ether its
own highest self. The sleeping god awakens.
The invisible dream becomes visible. The in
finite is not comprehended, bat <iLisfelt.
Love is concentrated force. It is universal
enjoyment. It is the concentration of every
faculty upon one poink It is life in its most
intense significance.
Love is ibsblute attraction. Each is to the
other perfect body apd sonL Each d. sires' to
posses and be possessed by the other, bodily and
mentally/ without reserve. Love is faith, law,
principle, and paradise to the foyers.
No man ever loved who hesitated - to sacrifice
every other earthly consideration to his love.—
No woman ever loved who refused: forgive her
self to her lover at any possible sacrifice. Love
is desire without limit The whole universe be*
yond grows pale befqreits glory. Love - is nec
essarily irresistible. It is the supreme - force of
Nature. Self-denial in love u a mere proof that
fore did not exist What I understand by love,
is the passion of passions, as little to be tem
pered by moralizing, or modified by reason, as a
flash of heaven’s lightning.'
To make the terrible majesty of love—otter
love—more clear, I will lay down this proposi
tion :—
That, were two lovers of the suprema order
separated by a thousand possible crimes, they
wonld of necessity commit them, rather than
endure' aepara tion.
Nay, I assert that, were the lives of all the
rest of mandkind between their love and its
' realization, they would unquestionably, could
they do it by an act of will, depopulate the
globe in prder to possess one another?
I go farther : I maintain that supreme pas
sion . justifies ail possible enormities of crime
conceivable by the mind; for I hold it better
that a whole universe of imperfectly living be
ings should parish, than that one, and conse
quently two, perfect lovers should fail to enjoy
the perfection of deligfak
So great wonld be that delight, that it would
immeasurably counterbalance all the pleasures
of the rest of the universe!
Is this au exaggeration - No! It is an ab
straction. It is one mere formula of an impos
sible infinite and unattainable perfection.
It is evident that love te in proportion to or
ganization. r
Organization te the precise ontward. symbol
and expression of spiritual force. /V
Let neither man nor woman with drawled,
deformed, or homely bodies dmre fo-pfoad mor
al or intellectual superiority in extenuation.
Nature writes with the pen of infallible truth.
The soul is the body’s mould; the body is tire
image of tho souL r . ~
F bateau ugly man or woman as I do the
•devil. 4* -
They ore'devils in truth,
Yet what te hideous to me may be beautiful
to another.
■ But wbat is true beauty?
It is tho outward mantle of a great, a noble,
and a generous sou!.
The higher the judge, the higher the stan
dard. Woe to those who love above them! woe
to those who love below them 1 The essence of
true love is* equality! Ajas! alas! how little
love there haa ever been upon this earth! Is it
net better to die young than to outlive b9pe?
Let us sleep'! Wu. North.
a—
Sam Houston os Duellwo.—There have
been rumors afloat to the effect that Houston
would fight n duel as soon as bereached Wash*
ington, hut Madame Rumor mistook the man.
Houston is not a “duel fighter.” When he fights
be fights for bis country. In a speech in the
Senate on -th# 15th of July, 1S54, be said j
‘I would not fight.a duel. One of the gentle-
men referred to did send me a verbal challenge:
I do not know whether my honorable colleague.
was.In Austin or not; but if he was, he will re
member it. It'was a verbal.challenge, sent on
a Saturday night, to meet the chailonger the
next morning. I objected to it, first, on the
ground tbat we were to have but*one second,
and that was the man that brought the chal
lenge. Another objection was,'that we were to
meet on Sunday morning, and that I did not
think anything was to be made by fighting on
that day. The third objection was, that he waa
a good Christian, and had a child baptised the
Sunday before. The fourth was. that I never
fought down hill, and never wonld. [Laughter]
I'muat, at least, lose character, if I did not my
life, and, therefore, I notified him in that way.
Ho seemed to ho satisfied with this good hu
mored answer, and it te the only challenge I
have over reeeivod in Texas.”—America's Own,
Ann Wk fob thf. Czar or TnE Allies.—A
writer in tho N. Y. Courier thinks the rural pop-
ulation of this country desires tho success of
tho Allies, though a different feeling may pre
vail in the cities. He says:
I think tho universal sentiment of the people
in the country is that of earnest hope that the
Allies may succeed, and this, not becauso of
sympathy with or affinity to England, for all.
such relio of fatherland existed but a fow years
after the Colonies left Crown, - bnt of the calm
judgment of our people to . tho right, of their
association in any-conflict with those who use
war with the attributes of courage and humanity,
of their belief founded upon what they hove
made investigation—that the Allies have thrown
themselves between the oppressed and the op
pressor. This sohtiment is: perhaps strongest
with the American portion of eur population —
stranger in field and farm than in village; but
that it exists with an earnest cordiality, an in
tense association of solicitude, there is.good
proof and though it exists out in the converse
and-communication of quietjeitizens—though it
te but latent now, it can be aroused to show
itself. It was at Lexington, not Boston, that
Freedom first roused itself.
•j/ J MM
. . v ' '-Ti *
• jjgsht*
& 'IN#
, ,, ,..... ■ —s^-a.
.“Property is RounnHY,"—Ill’s terns re
position of a distinguished French Sock
teems'about to be acted on in New York. At
meeting of foreigners in the Tabernacle some
days since, Mr. Boeder, nddres-jod to following
language to bis countrymen:
“Brethern, for the fiist time I speak in an
assembly like this. Wc have not all the same
language, but our feelings sro the same; they
unite Os here with the Amorirnn people. For
the advancement of theso.sentirr.ents wo must
not only unito with them in speeches, lmt aho
acts. In onr country we have fought for libe-
ry, and many of ns have lost in battlo our fa
thers, brothers/or sons. Hero we are free, but
nqt free enough. Wo-want tho liberty of liv
ing. [Applause.] Weiavafought in German
The" Qermtnryiwiaagamts us in ti.:.-: move
ment, but we need not caro for wliat thoae pa
pers say; we must act on our own hook. Here
wc have social liberty, liberty of i
berty of the press, , and wli
thing that is just we nre bo
[Applause.] If yon don’t know ]
hunger will teach them tovou.
bread nor wood, and there is plenty of t
ourrevolutibn in Jane we obtained three i
credit, and when we had no bread we soon c
tained it, because we were 200,000 b
strong. I bave nothing further to say
advise you to put in practice tho principled
the social republic. The Tribune said to day
that the rich would give us a million if they
were forced to it; but now they will hold their
money in their pockets and refuse to give it up.
When the wolf te hungry he has no considera
tion, and ttSfees bis food fearlesly when he finds
it; it must be the same with the masses. Help
yourselves, and then God will help you. Wo
must act as the wolf, and wo do not want any
auxiliaries! Let us act by ourselves. TAfi-
plause.]
wo
[Afl-
, The Cost of a Worthless E.-cvor.—Tue
The Philadelphia North American says: It is
stated that the American merchants of Grey-
town who lost their property by the bombard
ment and destruction of that place, are low bes
sieging the Executive authorities at Washington
with the detnands for indemnity. President
Pierce, in his annual message, spoke of the?e
Greytown people as a sort of refugees, outlaws
and pirates, not recognized by any government,
nor entitled to respect. Congress has now a
chance to see some specimens of the communi
ty. and judge for itself. They are probably
the most respectable and .'intelligent refagees
and outlaws ever seen there. Though the ad
ministration has felt itself necessitated to shoul
der this affair, and defend it as unavoMahlo, yet
we can scarcely believe it siucere in so doing,
tho more especially as tho worthless envoy, Bor
land, who was tho prime cause of the whole dif
ficulty, has been consigned to merited neglect
in Arkasas. Two such ambassadors as he and
Soule .would be sufficient to embroil the nation
in difficulties with half the sivilized world.
The two neighbors who 'fel out’ got in again,
Neither was injured.
HI temper puts as *many briefs into the law
yer's bag as injustice.
very latest curiosity we have seen
of in tho papers is a wheel that came
a dog’s tail when it was a “waggin.,’
j?S£?*Tbat must be avery foolish, rash woman
who will put tubs out of doors to catch soft wa
ter when it is raining hard.
country individual who was caught
in the water-wheel of a saw mill, says be in
tends to apply for a pension, as he tea survivor
of the Revolution.
People should understand that it is cheaper,
and rn every respect much better, to look np
neglected children, and to educate them than
to hang them when older. ^
T -1 ». —; *
^^■There is no greatet obstacle in the way
ofsuceess in life than waiting for something to
turn up,instead of going to work and turning
up something. ;
Strange Bulboub-Root.—A poor gardener,
on beiug asked what felicity meant, said he did
not know, but he believed it was at bulbous
Rooti .
Talking of the ‘Dutch. of Amsterdam/' on
Jim wants toknow what is the difference be
tween an Amsterdam Dutchman r.nd any otbe
dam Dutchman. Profane question—cani’t an
aweP it.— Boston post.
fgp-'Gartyoii tell me,"asked apundit “why,
a conundrum that nobody can guess is like a
ghost?”, “Shall I tell yon nowornextmonth ?”
“Now if you: please.” “Well, sir, sooner or la
ter every body mush give it up.”
AROSE and ITS Thorns.—When Milton wts
blind he married a shrew. The Duke of Buck
ingham called her a rose. “I am no judere of
colors,” replied Milton, “but it may be so, for
I feel the thorns daily.”
“C.ome, Bill; it’s ten o’clock and I think w
had better be going, for-It’s time-honest men
were at home.” “Well, yeh,” was the answer,
“I must bo off, but you needn’t hurry cn that
account.** < ^ , t
Pithy. —An. oak te not felled a tona blow. , •'• i \
A single fact is worth a.shipload of argument.
Get tby spindle and distaff ready, and,9od
will send flax, -'Ho that is warm thinks ell
are so One bad example spoils many good
precepts.——One eyewitness is -better than ted.
hearsays,, -j .’■■■ m'Z
-Conundrum.—Why was Cowper in debt?—
Becauso ho “Oh’fl for-a lodge in aomevaat wil
derness.” ... . 1 • ' -;'vsl,V .
We suspect that Cowper was not put to ser
ious inconvenience, being like, the Cbrteiiaa of
Bryant’s Thanatopsis—
“Sustained and soothed by aa unfaltering
trust.” v- ' to i : * ■
j®^“We like to see a woman.treading th > li'gh
and holy path of duty'ttnblinded by sunshine
and unscathed by storm. There are hundreds
who do so from the crude! to the gm\« heroines
of endurance, of whom the world has never
heard, but whose names will bo bright hereafter,
even beside the,brightest angels.
The-Same Fault.—Laura was discbnlate.—
Henry had fong flirted bnt never put the qnes-
tfoli.' -Henry went his v.-ny. Laura’s aunt, for
consolation, brought her a lovo|ofaspauiel pup.
“My dear,” says tho aunt, “the .puppy can do
every thing bnt speak.” Why will you agonzie
me?” says Laura, “that’s tho only fault I-fonnd
with lie other.”
Auction Anecdote—Somo wocks ago, 0!-.
cotl put tip for sale, at D. Owen A Co.’s, a copy
of Sparks’ Washington. At first no one seam
ed inclined to bid, but after a while, ouo qf.Wf
spectators offorodltf/ieeu cents a volume! Look-,
Ing. rifood, lit the' spcoulatpt. with Mfown most
torible, Olcott ejaculated: “My friond, (font
waste your monney; you cant read, and whffiFs
tho usoofyour buying books! Iho bidder
was sllont. After a liti<b * box of cigars was
pnt np, whon the admirer of Gen. Washington
rapidly cvolnimod—“Fifleon cent?, a—n you.'
I’m entitled to smoke,if not to Sp«rIs!"
Filial Affection.—Tlmt.a father’s is a ve
ry bid part may bo proved, amongst other in
stances, by an affidavit of an Irishman, who,
swoaring the peace hgainst his three sons, thus
concluded i— 1 “Arid deponent further saith, that
the only one of his children who showed liiru
any real filial affection was bis youngest son
Larry, for he nover struck, him tchen he was
down. , ,
At the Printer’s festival recently held
at Manchester, N.H., tho following sentiments
were offered:
Woman—The fairest work of nature ; tho ed
ition being large, lot no man be without a co-
py*”
Rabies—Miniature edition, issued periodical
ly, and displayed in small caps.”
.. The Principal powers—Printing Presses,
Pulpits and Petticoats. \
The press—The electric battery of thought,
by which Franklin direoted the lightnings of
popular indignation-against tho might of op-
prera on and destroyed it;—wbifo’it exists un
fettered and fearltss, a free people have no eu-
my to f ar.