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North, not only against
, but to a great extent
s either more or less re
by residence, or
ipation in Ac discussion of
made the occasion in
there wo some who,
to such'iien-ow prejudices, .- re
to the tree men of our section
re of merit as statesmen, as
and as men. Such indications are
wing tribute paid by the cor-
■ S. Y. Journal of Commerce to
of which we. as Son-
i Americans, are justly prowd.
The writer, over the signature of “Junius, * in
' i of “Glance# atCongress,” says!
ire State of the South.
mb to the Sen.
r, bolbn age and
hare been quit* seventy
_rom habitual use of his
i «green old age.* lie was
j the roam below—at the bar
;Court; a well read lawyer, an
an eloquent speaker, lie seemed
age. His was not
form, the fiiding bair, the shattered
the yontbfhlnes* of blsaceow-
t partner promoted the gallantly of bis
g and the geniality of his temperament,
is atm Southern gentleman, erer doing
honor to his State. Hois succeeded by Robert
Toombs, who, like other men similarly trans
ferred. makes the better Senator for haring
experienced Representative. Toombs
cavalier order: bold, decided,
at times, though not obtrusive
anywhere: Bat wo to the
‘ him out. Scarcely »p to
, with a rnddy check.
, he concentrates
to give effect to bis
soon to exhanat
lie may
the celebrated Geer-
. to him In fury; perhaps
rigor of intellect, and that
! raggeduess of expression for
I distinguished. That horning
‘ la his grave, voice
V| how different (his
aye, the fever of priit-
g, wearing, yea, tearing
ith a reward for his suffer-
■ to that oT the harhax
‘butchered to make a Roman
people look on and smile.
, talent, skill power, thus
In neb mep»as Bayne,
\ Toombs, Stephens, and others
i Smith has ever had chivnl-
defenders. They love this
[ its dust and strife. A New Eng
there should be so tench
philosophy corn*
(declamation,
taste for the latter. H«w full
i excitement, was Bayne
* Foote’s resolution V
desks of the Senate
it have been to awa-
febster ! It summoned
the mightiest resoaroes of his great intellect.
; within him. It kindled
ors of his oratory. Some
[ it was ah era in a roan’s life to
eeh of Webster., I heard
bear witness to the con
of the South Carolinian,
i antagonist needs no enlngy.
stereotyped .on the American
n the audience cannot he
paint the (hander or print
War.
belief that the negotiations
by the Pacific, are al
la peace. • We do not feel
in the meantime,
of war are going on with in-
The allies are straining every
Sebsstbple: and if they sne-
that they will do so at
will extremely exasperate
the other hand, the
of the departure
the Danube,
inferable advantages. Every
feeling of hostility, and
for war. Each party to
to come ont of it “ with
Ministry cannot other
the Emperor of France
the result for the safety
be Czar cannot hut look upon
. ^invoicing the question of his &£cea-
in Em opens polities. - "
desires peace on honorable
e hare not a doubt He 'has
i do with his vast and rude,
in; its force in a contest
j* of France and Eog-
: the latter have started
this power was imaginary—
in feCt, only an inflated bal-
rneeded the prick of abeyonet
.»ae. 'Will they consent to aUow
, and. as die result of one year’s
i admit that, even without an ally, and
I Europe openly or taeilly arrayed
* -*■ ’ has proved herself in via-
It wiU be very hard to make snish an admis-
we doubt if the Allies have yet felt
rible pressure of war. to bring
'to it. On the other bind, the Czar has
kened in any considerable degree.
t for_earrying on a defensive war,
i ever, and he is compelled by no
i to sabmit to terms that will either
him. We do not see, as
ground on which the parties
in amity, and re very roach doubt
r the new negotiations will have any fa-
* L—Charleeton Mercury.
- • •
AJTXCM, Bzroer or the Sorra Cimtm
But. Bonn Cosrm.—President Caldwell has
submitted bis annual report to the stockholders,
for the year ending the -list December, 1854.
It shows the income for the year from passage.
freight, mails kc., to be $1,363,003 13
And the expense of management,
ordinary and extraordinary, e-
qual to 42 12-100 per cent: 574,146 13
Tfceiemafnder
for. the interest on
nd domestic debt,
tfor damages, Ac.
W&sSfc,
i nett income
two semi-annual 41-
-2 per cent- each,
788,862 05
206,234 26
582*627 70
330,337 00
251:700 79
And transfered a balance of
For the year to the credit of surplus income,
being an excess of '$99,198 18 100 over the
balance carried from the legitimate business
of the year previous, which, upon reference,
win be teen $152^02 71-100
Phrase or Rowert.—We learn the
J facts respecting a recent robEery rom-
on board the ear* of the Central Rail
On Friday last a yoong woman took the
r the West at a station a short distance
beyond Utica. Her baggage was checked for
After proceeding a short distance up.
rarney, a woman, who was a fellow-
ir, with an affected desire to releire the
loneliness of the young lady, took a Mat with
herand became very sociable. She we*, in feet,
quite atteut : .ve r and, nmon- other marks of fe-
jnUiafUrl offered her protege her bottle of
which was accepted and used,
ding the pungent odor of the
she became powerfully affected hy
e of some soporific agent which it
contained and fell asleep. She remained in this
unconscionsnesefor some time, and on recover-
lug from her stopor discovered that she had
been robbed of Iter pnrsc, baggage checks, Ac.
On arriving at the Clyde station the made known
the facts to Ute conductor, and the railroadmen
made up n sufficient sum to take her on to her
destination. This circumstance develops a new
and dangerous scheme for the robbery of unsns-
pseeing persons on the railway trains. Doubt-
k-e* the female adept bad censed her victim to
inhale the vapor or chloroform, and thus bad
her fully in her power while she perpetrated the
robbery.—Rochester Democrat,
Excelsior Loon.
SOLD BV *. a. WISDOM.
Hurra, for the L'oom! The household Loom 1 .
And the happy homos that give it room!
With its elicketty clack,
And Its ricketly rack,
And the shuttle flying forth and back 1
Oh! Its music is worth,
. All the fiddles on earth,
When It bangs in the ligh t of the farmer*.# bearh,
What modern Bell can with her compare,
Who can spin and weave and the product wear,
In disregard of the dandy’s stare?
Though with pride in her eye,
She affects to be shy
When her Lover sits by her in homespun spry;
As she pUes the Loom,
The household Loom,
By tbo evening fire hi (be Old Back Room.
But leaving Factories to weave,
Their thousand yards per day,
A “ Hum/ Loam" claims our high regard,
The Subject. of our Lay*
This Loom we earnestly commend,
For all Domcsiio use;
Its simple harmony of parts,
Must strike the most obtuse.
It claims convenience, speed and sense,
And having these to boast;
The me plus ultra is attained,
At but a trifling cost.
Hits Loom of Mendenhall and King,
Ison the road to Fame;
Superior in its character;
Excelsior is its name.
Excelsior is on. the Flag
That to the hreetf we fling;
And claim the palm of victory,
For Mendenhall and King.
Oar-Principles.
Ftnt. We shaQ advocate a repealof the laws
of natnralixatioa, or if that cannot he accom
plished then such a. modification of those lows,
as will prevent fotnre {migrants from becoming
citizens, short of a residence of twenty-one
yearn after taking the oath of allegiance to the
United States, and of abjuration of all other
powers, potentates, and princes.
Straw!. We shall advocate the passage of a
stringent law hy Congress to prevent the etnral r
gration hither of foreigners, who are either pau
per* or crimiuab. and to send back to the coun
tries from which they come, all suck foreigners
of these classes as may, in violation of such law,
hereafter Teach our ports; and to require .the
President of the United States toderaand of any
government, which may send hither such class
es of its subjects, immediate and ample satisfac
tion for nek outrage, and n proper indemnity
against the repetition thereof.
nird. We shall oppose the election or ap
pointment of any foreign-born citizen to any
office of trust, honor or emolument, undeb the
Federal or State government, or the employ,
mentor enlistment of such persons in the army
ornery Ya.ffwe a/ wnr; mantaining, as we do
the opinion, that the »atite-bor» citizens of the
United States have the right to.govern the land
of their birth; and that all immigrants from
abroad should be content with the enjoyment
of life, liberty and property under bur institu
tions,'without seeking to participate in the en
action, administration, or execution 0 f our laws.
Fourth. We shall advocate and urge the a-
doption of such an amentUdform of an oath to
support the Constitution of the United Staten,
and to be administered to all persons elected or
appointed to any office of trust, honor, or emol
ument, under the Federal State governments,
as will effectually exclude from such offices all
persons, who shall not directly and explicitly
recognise the obligations and binding force of
the Constitution of the United States, hs para
mount to all obligations of adhesion or allegi
ance to any foreign prince, power, potentate,
or authority whatever, under any and all cir-
enmstanees.
Fifth. Wo shall maintain the doctrine that
no one of the States of this Union has the right
to admit to the enjoyment of free suffrage any
person of foreign birth, who has not been fret
made a citizen of the United States, according
to the “ uniform rale” of naturalization prescri
bed by Congress, under the provisions ef the
Constitution.
Sixth. We shall oppose now and hereafter,
any *‘»raio» of any Church and State," no mat
ter what elass of religionists khall seek to bring
about such union. ;/ ~
Sercnth. We shall vigorously maintain the
rimed rights of all persons, of native yor foreign
birth, and shall stall times oppose the slightest
interference with such; rested rights.
Eighth., We shall- oppose and protest against
alt abridgement of Relegioue liberty, holding-it
as a cardinal maxim, that Religions faith is a
question between each individual and his God,
and over which no political government or
other human power, can rightfully exercise any
supervision or control, at any time. In any place,
or in any form.
liinth. We oppose all “higherinw” doctrines,
by which the Constitution is to be set at nought,
violated, or disregarded, wheth rby politicians,
by religionists, or by the adherents or fa’lo vers
of either, or by any other elass of perstv s.
Tenth. We shall maintain and defend the
Constitution as it stands, the Union as it • x’sts.
and the rights of the States, withont diminution
as guaranteed thereby; apposing at all times,
and to the extent of our ability and influence,
all who may assail them, or either of them. ,
Eleventh. We shall oppose no man. and sus
tain no man, on tie ground at his opposition to,
or his topport'of Democratic measures, or Whig
measures: but we shall oppose those who op
pose oor doctrines, and sustain those who sus
tain oor doctrine*.
Twelfth. And lastly, we.shall nse our utmost
exertions to build an " American party” whose
maxim shall be:.
Americans shall rale their country!
Violetta and lllendorf.
A ONEHORSE NOVEL.
Violetta started convulsively, and tamed her
tear drenched eyes wildly upon the speaker, for
to her there seemed something strangely famil
iar in those low rich tones. Their eyes met;
his beaming with joy and tenderness; her eyes
gleaming with uncertainty.
“Violetta!”
“ Allendorf!”
And the beautiful girl sunk from excess of
joy, upon bis noble heart throbbing with pare,
holy, delicious love of other days. Allendorf
bent tpnderly over her. and bathe l her pore,
white temples with the gosbeng tears of deep
snhdnedjoy.
While doing this, Violetta’s father. Rip Van
Short, was se^n approaching the lovers with a
flail- Allendorf saw the aged patriarch, and
with 'ne mighty leapCleared tbo harnlsters and
rashed down stairs. But Van Short was not to
be tbns done., He pot after the flying Allen
dorf, and just as be was turning the corner of
the red torn, gave him a lift with the flail and
< aiaeed him on the other side of Jordan. Vio-
etta driven to distraction, threw herself upon
the grass, and for a long hour, was deaf to ev
ery consolation. (To bo continued.)—A. Y.
Dutchman.
. f .
Westekx A AtVaxtic Rati. Road, )
Atlanta. Ga., Jan. 13. 1855. )
Sir: I hova the honor to preset below an
Exhibit of the Earning* and. Expenditures of
this road for the 4tb quarter of 1854, being the
first quarter of the Fiscal year coding Septem
ber 30,1855.
Ae the Duke of Cambridge was riding along
the outskirts of the camp, on® of tho en
emy suddenly rushed from behind a tree, nnd
aimed a blow at his royal highness, which,
however, did no other mischief than cutting off
his horse’s tail. The Duke dove his assailant
in two with one blow of bis sabre, and cncoura-
'Y:
EAnxixGS.
EXPENDITURES.
For working
k tniirgu'd.
For all o-
tlier Ac’ts,
Oct,
Nor.
Dee.
*43,071 54
49.998 62
61.985 85
$25,889 72
21,899 40
33, 23 37
$21,523 45
9,467 40
7.669 98
Total
4thq5
145,055 93
\ 134.114 27
7J.312 49
61.875 09
38,660 83
123.288T55
Dff'ee | 10,941 71
9,437 40 | 48,627 72
Oor Locomotives.
An Englishman was hraglng of the speed of
English railroads to a Yankee traveller, seated
at hie side in one of the cars of a “fast train,”
in England. The engine bell was rang as the
train neared a station. It suggested to the Yan
kee an oportunity of “taking down his com
panion a per or two.”
“lYhat a that noise ?” innocently inquired the
Yankae.
“Wo are approaching a town,” said tho Eng
lishman; “They have to commence ringing
about ten miles before they gef to a station, or
else they would run hy it before the bell could
be heard ! Wonderful, isn’t it ? I supposo
they havn’t Invented bells In America yet!” .
••Why, yes,” replied the Yankee ; “we’ve
got bells, but can’t use them on our railroads.
We run so tarnal test, that the train always keeps
ahead of the sound. No nse whatever; tho
sound never reaches tlio village till after the
train gets by.”
“Indeed!” exclaimed the Englishman.
“Faet.”sald the Yankee; “had to give up
hells. Then wo tried steam whistles - hut they
wouldn’t answer, either. I was on the loeotno-
tive when the whistle was tried. Wo were go
ing at a tremendous rate—hurricanes were no-
wbar, and I had to hold my hair on. We saw
a two-horse waggon crossing the track about
five miles ahead, and the engineer let tho whis
tle out screeching like a trooper. It screamed
awflilly, hut it wasn’t no use. The next thing
I knew, I was picking myself out of a pond by
the roadside, amid the fragments of tho loco
motive, dead horses, broken wagon, and en
gineer, lying heaide me. Just then the whistle
came along, mixed up with some frightful oaths
that I had heard tho engineer uso when bo
first saw the horses. P«*nr fellow ! be was dead
before his voice got to him. After that we tried
lights, sunposiug these would travel ,faster than
sound. We got some so powerful that the
chickens woke up all along the road, when we
came hy. supposing it to he morning. But the
locomotive kept ahead of it still, and was in
the darkness with the light close on behing it
The inhabitants petitioned against it; they
couldn’t sleep with so mneh light in the night
time. Finally we had to station eleetrio tele
graphs along the road with signal men to tele
graph when the train was in sight; and I have
heard that some of the fast trains heat the
lightning fifteen minutes In every forty milea
But I can’t say as that is true—the rest I know
so be so.”
The Aurora Borealis.—Hypothesis: The
The rays of the sun are forces which strike up
on the earth, disturbing the atoms ofmalter up
on her surface—the atoms roroposing rooks nnd
metals, and animals and vegetables, as well ns
those composing water—and thereby causing
evaporation. The vapor ascends in lines, not
parallel with the equator—unless where it is
generated directly upon the equator—but di
verging outward either way. the divergence be
ing in proportion to the distance outward; so
.that there will be epnsiden ble portions of the
vapor in the vicinity of the poles, (I think there
.must be southern as well as northern lights,
unless there may be an insufficiency of materi
al, of the earths and metals in the southern
hemisphere out of which to produce them.) —
This vapor retains the motion which it had
while a part of the earth, or of the substances
upon the earth, namoly, the motion round the
earth’s axis; and as then this motion was grea
ter in pnrts near the eqnntor than in parts re
moved from it, so it will be now : portions of
thejvapor arising from the regions of the tro
pics will more much faster than portions aris
ing from regions within the circles. lienee,
when the vapor has become eondensed (has
descended within a smaller circumference) in
the vicinity of the poles, the motion from west
to east which is apparent to the observer. The
light itself is an effect of chemical action among
the particles of vapor. This chemical action
tn«y take place and the vapor still retain its
form; that is, still continue .vapor, though of
a different kind from the original ; or substan
ces such as grains of sand, metallic dnst, mete
oric stones, shooting stars, and animal matter
may be tho result. G. W. EVELETH.
PcTBiPiEn Human Bopeis.—A few days since
the body of Mrs. Loy, wife, of George P. Loy,
who died twenty-four years ago. and was ber-
ied some three mile fVom Dayton, Ohio, was
disinterred, to be removed to a cemetery. Both
the coffin and the body, to tho surprise of all
present, were found to be in an excellent state
of preservation. The Dayton Empire says:
The shronpd, and indeed all the covering
which wasnpon the body at the time of inter
ment. twenty-four years ago, had disappeared
—not a vestige of them remained. The body
was perfect, except the right leg. from the knee
to the ankle joint, where flesh-seemed to have
wasted awnv. and lay.at the bottom of thecof
fin in a substance resembling askes mixed
with sand. With this exception to decay the
body and limbs exhibited the same perfectness
of exterior they did when life and animation
were in the body.
The body, indeed, has been petrified. It was,
by some strange quality of the earth, turned
Into stone, of drab or. more properly speaking,
flesh color; and the chisel of tho artist might'
imitate,Tint could not make so close a resem
blance to the “hnmnn form diving.” The smile
hieb lighted up her eonntnnee at the moment
when death gently united tbe cord which bound
the tout to clay, still seemed to linger upon tbe
face ot stone.
The grave of the grand child of Mr. Loy was
next entered, and the coffin exhumed. It was
also found to be heavy, and whep opened, the
corpse presented mnch the same appearance as
that of Mrs. Loy. It was not as perfect, how
ever, although petrified.
The “Four Points.”—The “Four Points,”
of which so much is said in the accounts from
abroad, are set forth in the tallowing proposi
tions. The “Three Powers” mentioned axe
France, Great Britain and Austria.
“The three powers are equally of opinion that
tbe relations of the Sublime Porte with the Im-
preial Court of Russia’could not be re-establisb
ed upon solid and durable bases
Is. Unless tbs protectorate hitherto exercis
ed hy tbe Imperial Court of Russia over the
Principalities of Wnllachin, Moldavia nnd Ser-
via, censes henceforth; and nnless the privileges
accorded by the Sultan to these dependent pro
vinces of their empire be placed under the
collective guarantee of tbe powers, by virtue of
an nrragement to be concluded which should
regulate at the same time all questions of de
tail.”
2d Unless tbe navigation of tbo Danube to
its month be delivered from all embarrassment,
and sobjeet to the application of the principles
recognised (eoneacres) by tbe acts of the Con
gress of Vienna.
3d. Unless the treaty of the 13th July, 1841,
be rerised in concert by tho* high contracting
partis with a view to secure the European iqui-
iibrinm.
4tli. Unless Russia ceases to claim the sight
of exercising an nfficnl protectorate over the
subjects of the SnMime Porte no matter to what
religions ri e they may belong, and unless
France. Austria Great Britain Prusia and Riis
sin lend their mOtural cooperation to obtain
from the initslive of of the Ottoman Goveni-
raent the formal recognition [la Conteration)
and observance of these religions privileges of
the varions Christian communities, nnd to carry
into effect, for the cemmon benefit of their co
religionists, the generous intentions manifested
The intelligence brought by Pacific is to the
£l)c Home Courier
ROME GA.,
Tntsdny Wqrnlitg, Frbrnaiy 0. 1855.
Cotton Markets samo as quoted lost woek—
prices firm and sales large.
Public Documents.—Wo aroundir grateful
obligations to Hon. E. W. Cbastein fora copy
of Mercy’s Exploration of the Rod River and
the accompanying Maps.
Wo are Indebted to Hon. W. W. Bayee of
8. C. for a eopy of his speech on the annexa
tion of Cuba.
Toe Marietta' Aovocate, Phoenix like, has
arisen from its ashes nnd appears in a new dress.
We sympathi-o with its Editor In pis recent
misfortune, and wish him better luck and abun
dant success in tbe future.
Rail Road Bridge BuRNt.—The bridge
over the Etowab below Cartersville on the State
Road was burnt on Thursday last. Thisbesde
being a great loss to tbo State, subjects pass
engers to great inconvenience, and we under
stand the fteigbt trains bare ceased running
for the present* Fire was communicated to the
bridge, it is supposed, by a freight train.
ErnowtAJr News.—Since onr lost issue two
Steamers have arrived from Europe, the Pacifio
nnd Africa. Affairs at'Sevastopol remain un
changed. Tho Czar accepts the “four points”
as n basis of negotiations, bnt still makes the
most vigorous preparations for prosecuting the
war—his sincerity, in accepting tho proposed
basis, is distrusted—cotton has risen in Liver
pool an eighth of a penny.
Respectfully submitted,
JAMES F. COOPER,
Superintendent.
Bis Excellency,
UERSCI1EL V. JOHNSON,
Governor of Georgia,
Miliageville, Ga.
Col. Biskton tin the Pacipic Roan.—A
Washington letter records tbe following.—Con
sidering that tbe CoL made a great speech him
self against this very Railroad project, it is
pretty good:
Col Benton is in a spasm on account of tbe
almost certain defeat of bis favorite project of a
Railroad to the Pacific; On this sobjeet he
was to day heard to remark. “Tbe Pacific
i ilsf
upr . ,
tbe most stultified body in tho world, sir,—
yes, sir, (from a fool, sir,) all of them,
nr, except myself, solitary and alone, sir! If
I had my way with them, sir, I would expunge
their names from the rolls of tho IIous (from
expuugo, to blot out)—yes, sir, oycry mother’s
son of them, sir!"
Pacifc Railroad.—Mr Benton proposes a
new plan for carrying oat this grant, nnd
as dt hns hitherto been considered, pnroly no
tional enterprise. This great project, like the
erection of pnhlio buildings in country neigh
borhoods nnd little villager^ hns. found its great
est impediment in deciding upon its loentian.
It is admitted, hy all who keep para with the
times, that this is a grand «|esidemtnm. not only
to the new .and rapidly increasing Territories
and States extending from tbe Mississippi to
the Pacific bnt also to the States east of the
Missippi nnd the American people taken as a
whole, nad it not been for miserable stockjob
bing politicians who am most unpatriotic and
who are so hide bound in mtfisbnos and section
alism that they had rather see this greatest of
all internal improvements and sources of pros
perity foil, than that their own pockets or at
farthest strech of their gederosity their own
State should fail to secure the greatest possible
advrotage arising from it, tbe Pacific Rail Road
would have been in progress long before this.
But to Mr. Benton’s new plan. It is to with
draw it from legislative authority and leave it
o a company of businss men. This company
are to locate tfie road where they please having
its termini at tbe Mississippi on the one side and
the Pacific on the other. The Government is to
givo them landf extending the whole length of
the road and one mile each side and pay them
a reasonable amount for carrying the mail and
other transportations for the United States.
The Company is to be protected from competi
tion only to the extent, that the Government
shall not charter any other road within 139
miles on either side. When’theplan is matured
and this company chartered tbe stock is to be
sold in shares the books being opened in every
State in the Union.
Mr. Benton lias enlisted the “ solid men of
Boston” and “solid” men in other sections of
the country to engago under this plan, and if
he can get the charter is very sanguine in his
hopes of success in this great enterpris which
is looked upon with so much anxiety by men in
all parts of. tbe eonntry.
It is a lamentable feet that there is so much
logrolling, intriguing and wire pulling—tbo
tools of the administration having so little ster
ling integrity, and being no mercinnry that one
would think that they bad sworn allegiance to
tho “ almighty Dollar,”—that it is next to im
possible to carry ont any great enterprise which
is to benefit tbe coutry as a whole, in a way
which will best subserve its interests. The
company will be sure to look well to their own
interests and it will be for tbeir interest to lo
cate the road where they can do most business,
this will be where it will accommodate the
largest number an<? consequently be best for the
eonntry as a whole. Wo cannot forbear insert
ing the folloging extract from the recent very
able speech made by Mr. Benton in Congrers.
“I do not expatiate upon the home advanta
ges of a railway to the Pacific; it has become
a necessity, the urgency-of which is univer
sally admitted. I enforce another advantage,
not so immediate, but obvious to the thinking
inind, and important to America, Europe, and
Asia; and which, in changing a channel of
rich commerce, may have its effect upon the
wealth and power of nations, nnd operate a
change in the maritime branch of nationnl wars.
I allude o the East India trade, (already inci
dentally touched,) nnd the change of its chan
nel from the wnter to the land; and the effort
of'tbtttchnnge in nullifying this maritime su
premacy of naval Powers by making continents
instead of oceans the great theatres of inter
nal cotumorce. No events in the history of
nations have had a greater effect on the relative
wentth nnd power of nations than tbe changes
which have been going on for near three thou
sand years in tbe channels of Asiatic commerce.
During that time nations bare risen and fallen,
as they possessed or lost that commerce. E-
vents announce' the forthcoming of a new
change. The land becoming a facility and the
ocean an obstacle to foreign trade, must have
an effect upon Europe, coterminous upon Asia,
nnd upon. America, separated from it by a Wes
tern sea over which no Enropenn power can
dominate. I confine myself to the American,
branch of the question, and glance at the past
to got nn insight into tho future. I l iok to
former channels of this Asiatic commerce, their
changes, the effects of tbe changes; and infer
from what has been wbat may bo, from what is
to what will be-
Blackwood’s Magazine for January is re
ceived containing its lisnai amount of intercsing
rending. This and the English Reviews are too
well known to need commendation by ns. Now
is the time to subscribe. Address L. Scott A Co.
45 Gold Street New York.
Fatal Affray—Two respectable citizens of
e village of Beneln. Calhoun county. Miss.,
id an affray on the 30th December, in which
one was instantly killed. Their names were
W. B. Woodward and J. B. Slmlngton, tbo for-
raer of whom, was stabbed to tbe heart, Tbe
latter was bound over the sum of $1,500.
The South Carolina Railroad, extending from
Charleston to Hamburg, Sonth Carolina nppo
site Augusta. Georgia, one bnndred and thirty
six mites in length, was the first railroad of any
considerable ’ength, constructed in tho United
States. It was commenced in 1830, and coin
pleted In 1833.
A Straw ftox.—-Mr. Perkins, the son of a
gentleman who some years ago Invented and
exhibited in London a steam gnn, bns published
through the papers, the following offer:—
“I am prepared to undertake to supply the
government with n steam gun capable of throw
ing a bait of a ton weight adJstnnee office miles.
If each n gnn were fixed In Brunei’s largo ship
of 10,000 tons, I von tore to sny that Sevastopol
would be destroyed without losing a man.”
... ■—-
“No License.”—At tbo recent municipal elec*
tion in Lexington. Ky.,tho question of “license,
or no license," for tho Bale of spirituous liquors,
was submitted. Tbe result was a majority of
159 In favor of “no license."
Atlanta Medical College.—We would
call tho attention of our readers totbeadvertise-
mentof this Institution, found in another col
umn. It is gratifying to know that the eiticens
of our sister city are so enterprising and ener
getic In thoir efforts to build up their place; and
we tiling Georgians would do well, instead of
sanding thousands of dollars to Now York,
Philadelphia and other plaees, as tboy now do,
to keep tbeir money nearer home, so that it may
flow back, as a part of it certainly will do, to
to their own pockets again. The most offoeiual
way of overcoming the present “bard times,”
and securing prosperous ones for the future is, to
bqild up our own Institutions, keeping tbe mon>.
oy in our midst, and making our outgoes m
small as possible.
Standrope Burleigh The Jesuits in ode
Homes.—This is the title of a new Novel by
Helleu Dbn about to be issued from tbo press
ot Stringer A Townsend. Judging from the
criticisms of eminent literary men, statesmen
nnd divines, it must be. n very remarkable work
and wo are anxious to get hold of it An em
inent American author says, “ it is tbe best
American Novel ever written”—an eminent di
vine, "this book is fiction only In name” “I
regard it as one of tbe most powerfol works
which Protestantism has produced,” and a dis
tinguished statesman, I regard it as the best
political history of the United States for the
last six years, that has been or is likely here
after to be published.” The Publishers say,
“The work wbicb we are to issue about the first
of February, has been prepared expressly to
meet the times, and it will go farther with the
sanetlon and hearty approval of every man in
that vast army of Americans who helievea and
feels that the reign of Jesuitism, priestcraft,
foreign influence, and American demagogue
ought to cease.”
• - - r -
Sloan’s Medicines;—These valuable medi
cines are acquiring a celebrity in the Western
States, and in fact throughout the whole eonn
try, which is sufficient to entitle them to a trial
We call attention to the feet that they are for
sale at the Drag Store in this city, and that
the particulars of thpir application to disease
may be found in another column of our paper.
Tns Clean Thing.—The English Govern
ment recently awarded to American citizens
the sum of $113,130 in payment for slaves lib
erated under tbe laws, of the Bahamas from
tbe brigs Creole and Enterprise, driven in
there by stress of woatber and mutiny in 1841.
v The Steamboat Gordon Citt, with a cargo
of flour, lard and oats, was burned near the
mouth of Arkansas river on the 14th alt. Tbe
cargo was entirely 1 st—passengers and erew
escaped.
Railroad Riot.—Near Buffalo on tho 20tb
ult., tho laborers having become dissatisfied
because not paid, they spiked down the switch
es and opened one or two bridges. The chief
officer of the road taking 25 men with him,
armed with revolvers, went out*to protect the
track. The laborers were armed with rifles,
A regular fight ensued, in which tho officer’s
party were worsted, one Wemble being killed
and two or three wonnded. They succeeded,
however, in arresting abont a dozen of the la
borers.
Capital of California.—The Supreme
Court has decided 8acramento to be the Capital.
California State Prison.—On Dec. 28th
twenty five or thirty of the most desparato con
victs attempted to escape on a schooner, some
were killed, some wounded, some recaptured,
and many got off. The latter were immediately
pursued- ,, .
Attack on Mineiis by Robbers.—A des-
pearate fight occurred at Rooky Canton, CaL
on the 20th of Dec., in which ten robbers and
one miner were killed. One miner, Crpt. Da
vis, received 28 ballets through his bat and
clothes, and strange to say, only ‘two slight
wounds:
Conviction of a Duelist.—Juan Poges bos
been found gnilty of manslaughter in New
Orleans for killing Joan Paster in a duel. This
is tbe first conviction of tbo kind in (bat State,
although the law for it is an old one. Is not
this evidence of a healthier state of public opin.
ton ? , .
Homicide in Macon.—On Sunday night the
28th ult., during the excitement attendant up
on the alarm of fire, Gass, a brieklayor, was
shot by Wm. A. B. Goddard. The former ia
not expected to recover, the lalter made his es
cape.
The Great Kamehameha ITT, King of the
Sandwich Islands, the friend and ally of the
United States, died on the 15th of Dec., and
his son Liholihahas, succeeded to his regal dig
nify.
Executions.—Stephen Short and Wm. Han
ning were hung at Greensbnrgb, Ky., on the
19th ult. Also, on the same day at Galena, Hi.
John J. Saylor, for the murder of his wife. A
negro named John was hung in Macon, Ga., on
the 26th ult for the murder of Mjchael Sweeney.
Calhoun Monument. It is stated by 'the
Charleston Standard that tbe Calhoun Monu
ment Association realized $550 as the proceeds
of tbe lecture recently delivered there by Tbos.
F. Meagher for tho benefit of this enterprise.
HEWS 1TEHS.
Secretary Guthrie.—It is authoritatively
denied that Secretary Guthrie intends to resign
his seat in the cabinet.
Memort of the Dead.—Little ns it may be
thonght'of, there is no way in which the refine
ment ofa people is more emphatically told to
tbe passer-by than the manner in which is per
petuated the memory of those with whom “life’s
fitful fever is o’er.” The public burial grounds
of Georgia generally are sad sights—altogether
too rude, and entirely behind the tastes and
feelings of the people. When the country was
new, there was seme excuse for this, hut there
Is none now. Every village, town and ehurchf
in tbe country should have a pleasant plot o
ground selected, regularly laid off, enclosed and
ornamented with shade-trees and shrubbery
nnd made a pleasant plaee of resort for those who
wish to hold secret communion with the spirits
of tbe departed. This will exert n wholesome,
salutary influenceupon society, especially upon
tbe mind-; of tbe yoong, dntnsr away with much
much of tho supersticioua dread and and horror
with which the Grim Monster 1* contemplated;
To those wishing to get a fine article of Mar-
blo monuments or slabs, we would reooromend
Mr. Jones’ work, of Madison. For particulars
see advertisement in another column:
The Hon. Robt. Toombs, we regret to learn,
has been called home on account <f the illness
of a member of his family.
TnE Kinnrt Expedition.—Baltimore, Jan.
20,4.855.—Ex'Guvernor Bell, ofTexas, is repor
ted to have joined the Kinney, expedition to Cen
tral America.
Thus far this winter. Lake Erie has been,
entirely unfrozen, and the entrance to Buf
falo harbor has been unobstructed by ice.
Personal.—Thomas Francis Meagher, tho
Irish orator and patriot, passed through Colum
bus on tbo 24th inst., on bis way to Now Or
leans.
Another Law Suit bt Mrs. Gaines—New
OnLRANB, Jan. 19,1855.—Mrs. Gaines has com
menced n suit here in tho Probate Court, to es
tablish herself ns tho legatee under the will of
her father, Daniel Clark.
Dcnth of Bishop Capers.
We are indebted to theconrtesy of the Col
umbia, So. Co. Times, for tbe fallowing des
patch :
Bishop Capers died at bis residence In An
derson villago, S. C., on Monday Morning.
“Mary, Mary, where in the deoco are my
pants?” “Pants, sir? I reckon missus has om;
she’s gone to the convention, she bos.”
Washington, Jan. 80,—It is rumored that
the Presid'nt is about to issue a proclamation
naming the Kinney Expedition against any in
fraction of tho neutrality lows by an armed oo-
cupntlon of part of Central America.
Tho Municipal election ot Wheeling, Va., on
Monday resulted in tho triumph of tbo Ameri
can ticket by largo majorities. In four.outbfthe
flvo wards composing the city, J. Panll, the
Know Nothing caudidato for Mayor, has 358
.inildMty,
Tho laborers have "struck" on tbo Erie canal
enlargement noar Rochester, New York.
Several of tbo crew of the English ship Sea
Witch are in prison at Norfolk for mutiny at
City Point, Va.
Tho loss by the gale and high tide at Rock
land, Me., on the 19th ult., is estimated at $20,-
000. -
Boston, Jan. 31,
Henry Wilson has been elected U. Ef. Senator
from this Stele.
A quantity of gunpowder and percussion caps
bare been seised at tbe Cuban bead quarters
n New York.
STCAMKn Sunk.—Tbe steamer Eliza was sunk
in tbe Mississippi River, below Memphis, last
week, and it is feared that thirty lives have been
lost.
Givo a man brains andriches, and ho is aking.
Give him brains withont riches, and he Is a
slave. Givo him riches without brains and be
is a fool.
S. A. Curtis, a Conductor on the Central Rail
road, was instantly killed on Saturday morning
last, by striking uisbesd against a beam of tbe
Cohoes bridge.
Senator Fitzpatrick, of Alabama, passed
tbroogb Montgomery on Monday last, on bis
iray to Washington. He has been detained at
home by sicktaess in his family.
Appropriate Custom.—“Never pull ont a
gray bair,” said s'gentleman to his daughter,
.“as two generally* conns to the funeral.” “I
■don't care how many come to the funeral, if
‘they only come dressed In black.”
Rosebuds in Winter.—Tbe wife of Mr'SoTo-
moq Rose, of Cincinnati, made her husband a
Cbristiuast present of thee blooming boys.—
The Cincinnati San thinks this a pretty fair spe
cimen of budding for a Rose in winter.
Enqland and the Slave Trade in 1712;—
A clause in this treaty at Utrecht, in 1712. stip
ulated that England should have the sole right
of carrying slaves from Africa to tbe West In
dies, for a space of thirty years.
The Hon John Bell, Senator in
Congress from Tennessee, is nominated in a
Pensylvania paper as a candidate for the Presi*
idency, and the Hon. Abbot Lawrence, Late
Minister to England, for Viee President.
Pigeon Dancing.—The Richmond
Despatch says that a young lady in Charlottes
ville, Va., has a pet pigeon, wbicb dances very
gracefully whenever sbe plays on the bnrp, and
when the music ceases, it will jump up and poll
the harp string itself.
The Boston Atlas says that a new movement
is on foot for lho .establishment of Free Soil
Know Nothing Lodges. Three of these have
already been instituted in Massachusetts, and
an agent has left for tbo purpose of carrying
the idea elsewhere.
We learn from a card published in the Mont
gomery Mail, that the Hon. J. E. Belser de
clines to become a candidate for Governor of
Alabama. Mr. Belser says that his profession
al and private business demands his entire at
tention.
On the Right Track —A clergy
man at Lebanon, IIL, has recently disappeared,
but not quite so misterioosly as be intended.—
He gave out word that he had drowned himself;
but it has been ascertained that he has only
eloped with another man’s wife. ' The good peo
ple are on Jiis track. *
Cost op Riots.—The eity council of St. Lou
is have appropriated $7,700 to pay such of tbe
citizens as sustained loss of property by tbe
election riots in that city in August last In
addition, it will have to pay about $2,000 to
the special poliee.and for refreshment Ac.
. Subscription among the Slaves for the
Northern Poor.—Mobile, Jan. 16, 1855.—
There Is in process qf organization here a gen
eral subscription ainong the black population—
the slaves—in aid of the suffering poor of New
York and the Eastern cities. .This is a feet,
and yoa will sooU find it ont
Seizure of the Steamboat Massachusetts
—Tbe old steamboat Massachusetts, lying in
the North River, near Jersey City., was seized
on Wednesday, by order of the United States
authorities, onutbe ground that she was about
to participate in an unlawful expedition.
Burning of Gainesville !—By despatches
from Selma we learn that Gainesville, in Sum
ter County, Ata.. on tbe Bigbee, was on Tuesday
nearly destroyed by fire. Half the town, says
the despatch, is in Ashes, among them ware
houses containing 2,500 .bales of ootton. Tbe
loss is estimated at two hundred thousand dol
lars.
A Remarkable Exploit.
Wo find in the last San Francisco Herald the
following account of ahrave and remarkable ex
ploit, copied from the “Mountain Democrat,"
of Plncerrille, which explains that “Rocky Ca
non," the place of the tragedy, is a deep and al
most inaccessible canon about forty miles from
north of P!acervil>, near Todd's Valley, and
uninhabited:
Rocky Canon, December 20, 1854.
No officer having been within a convenient
distance to attend to a case of emergency that
has just happened near our insolated camp in
the mountains hero, the undersigned constitu
ted themselves a coroner's jury and held an in
quest orer the deceased bodies of twelve men
that wore killed within a mile of our camp on
the 19th instant, a full account of which wo
deem it onr doty to publish. Three of the un
dersigned were eye-witnesses to the whole scene
though too far off to give aid in any way, and
the rcstof ns can readily vouch for their rera-
eity.
On yesterday, 19fh instant, three men, who
afterwards proved to be a Mr. James C. McDon
ald, of Alabama, now deceased; a Dr. Bolliver
A. Sparks of Mississippi; and CapL Jonathan
R« Bhvi*, of South Carolina, were travelling on
foot on a trail within a mile of our camp to pros
pect a rein of gold Bearing quartz some twenty
or thirty miles north of this place. As they
were passing at the base of a mountain, three of
tbe undersigned being out- on a hunting expe
dition on its aide, and saw a party of eleven mei>
who wore concealed in the boshes near the trail
spring op and commence firing at f&em. Mr-
McDonald foil dead before he fired a pistol or
was even aware of his danger. He and hitf par
ty had nothingLilt their revolvers. Dr. Sparks'
shot twice at the benditti, and then foil severe
ly wounded.. •
In the mean time Capt. Davis, who was the*
first to commence shooting in defence of him
self and party, In an instant after tbo first vol
ley from the robbers, being still unbnrt, kept
vp an incessant firin upon them with his revol
vers, every ball forcing its vietim to bite the
dost, until Ml tbe loads of both parties seemed
to have been discharged. The only four survi
ving robbers made a charge upon Cnpt. Davis,,
three with Bowie knives and one with a short
sword orsa-re. Capt. Davis, stood firmly on
bis gronnd until they rushed up abreast witbia
about four steps of him. He then made a spring
upon them with a large Bowie knife, warded
off their blows as fast as they were aimed at him,
and gave three of them wounds that soon prov
ed fatal. . Having wounded the other, one very
slightly, and disarmed him by throwing bis
knife in tbe airin warding off a blow, as this
last man expressed in a tone of gratitude before
bis death, Capt. D. went to work at once, tear
ing up his own shirt, and binding up all tho
wounds of the. living, botifbis friends and ene
mies.
In onr examination of the perrons of those
that commenced the attack on Capt. Dlaud par
ty, we discovered papers carefully concealed In
their pockets, purporting to be a copy of laws
and-by-laws by which they were governed.—
The Iast of this band basjost died. His wound
he thought himself bnt slight, and seemed in &
fairway to recover nntil within the last hour.
If Dr. Sparks is well enough to travel Capt. Da
vis speaks of moving down to his friends to
morrow. In conclusion, we deem it cine te
state that, from the evidence before ns, CapL-
Davis and his part}- acted solely in self de
fence.
Signed, W C Thompson, P.S Robertson, J E.
Morris, T JOaUibu.c. 0 B Wingate, J G Lewis,
T C Wallace, J Webster, Joseph Hampton, G-
W Hendricks, IA Hart, A. B Porter, W A New
man, S C Marshall, A Hughes, ’O E Clark, S K
TrisL
[Mr. John Webster, in'a letter to the “Sur
veyor of Placerville,” corroborates the above ac
count, and says that the robber hand was com
posed of two Americans, one Frenchman, five
Sydney men, four Mexicans, and that they had
just commenced operations, having killed six
Chinamen on the 17th December, and 4 Ameri
cans’ on tbe 18tb. The same writer says that
altbongh-Capt. Davis received seventeen bullet
holes through his bat and eleven through his coat
and shirt, he received but two very slightflesb-
wounds!]
OBITUARY.
Died in Louisville, Ky., on the 29th alt.,
James E. Allen of Talbot Valley. Mr. Allen
was a young man of uncommon promise and
ability and bad recently gone to Louisville to
attend Law Lectures. He died suddenly
with congestive fever. He was dearly beloved
by a large cirle of friends and acquaintances
who now mourn his loss with heart-felt anguish.
, V. ■ .. V V M. D.
HOME PRICES CURRENT
A panther entered tbe dining room ofa honse
in Onachita parish, Louisiana, a few days ago,
while tbe family were seated at their meal, and
after upsetting the table and nearly killing
two dogs made good his retreat. He was fol
lowed, however, and finally killed. He measu
red ten feet nine inches from tip to tip, and was
two feet seven inches in height. So says the
Ouachita Register.
An old toper, who lately attended an exhibi
tion where a learned professor caused explosions
to take plaee among garees produced from wa-,
ter, said: you don’t catch me putting mnch wa
ter in my liquoc after this. I had no idea that
water was so dangerous, though I never take
much of it.”
Tho number. of regularly recorded mnrters
committed in California, during the year 1854,
is 464. A San Francisco correspondent of tho
New York Tribune says that an entire and ex.
act list would amount, as nearly as can be as
certained. to upwards of 575. Ofsnicides, there
were 60 committed by prison oonvicta alone.—
An awful state of society.
A Little Acitntoxious.—In view of the
great revival ,in -religion now. progressing at
Harrisburg, Pa.: fcho Philadelphia Argns indul
ges a hope that it^qay even extend.to the Penn
sylvania Legislature, now in session at that
place, iu which hppe he soys he is greatly eno
couraged, inasmuch as a revival has sprung np
in tha Maryland Penitentiary.
* t\ \*s J' n v t “v 1 —' 1
“Mrs, Partington,-readingan, account of a
railroad acoideqtL was mnch - surprised to learn
that the locomotive had been driven off tbe
track by one of the. switohes, “She shouldn't
have thought.’ she said, that tbe great iron en
gine would mind such a little thing as a switch.’
“Yes, bnt y u must remember mama,” raid
Iko grgvely,“the locomative has a tender be
hind P’ . . , t .
Right wav row axe the Times East.—It is
said that sixty ladies in New York have asso
ciated themselves in a resolution to wear noth
ing of foreign fabrication for one year. That
is a sort of protective tariff wbicb few are likely
to object to.
Fire ANb Loss or Three Lives.—We had, a
few days ago, by telegraph, the painful an
nouncement that the house of Mr. John A.
Haven, of Fort Washington, was destroyed by
fire on the night of the 12th inst.. nnd that three
of Mr. Haven’s daughters perished ia tho
flames.
"■Philadelphia is not withont Its curiosities.—
Tho Sun copies two signs it has' discovered
there. Ono is painted in red italios and roads
thus:
“Shirts Retailed Here.”
This, we take it, is for tho benefit of bachelors.
The other reads:
“Hands wanted to work on bosoms.”
For whose benefit is that?
“Yesterday Judge Worrell sentenced David
Wright, convjctcd of the Murdor-of Alexander
M. Robinson, to be hung on the 18th February
next. • - w •' - Y
Bill a negro, convicted of the murder of an
other nogrn, to ho hang, 16th February.
David Clark, Larcony, five years in the Peni-
tontnry. .
John Deaton. Robbery, five years in tho Peni
tentiary.
Francis V. Payne, obtaining money under
a counterfeit writing seven years imprison
ment
James T. Robinson was convicted of assault
with intent to murder—not sentenced as mo
tions will bo itiade in arrest of Judgment and
for^a now trial.—Columbus Enquirer.
Corrected Weekly by J. t. LOG1I
Apples— Molasses— S7c-40c
Dried, bn.. . . $2 2^Nails—per lb. 6i-73e
Green,- Y --230-3()O^Nail Hod— . 6ie-7c
Bacon— 'Oil—Liuseed . $1 35
Hams pr lb. 15c-15c;Osxaburgs— llc-12a
Hog round, 10c-I2K Train,. : . .
Bagging— ^Pork—per lb. 6-6J
Hemp, lb, « SPotatoes—.
Gunny, . . lSeV Sweet, . . . 75c-00n
Bale Rope— 12j-15c? Irish country -
BEEr— .... 4J- 5ec “ northern,
Beeswax—■ . 20c-25C\Powdbr—Gen ,"5o-!0e
Blue Sfone— 20c) Blasting, . . 25-35e
Buttes— )Rice—per lb. Yfije-Td
country, . . 15-20c>Salt—pr sack 275
Candles— r perbu. 120
Tallow, . . J20c-3 c^Shot—pr lb. . 21-12ic
Adamantine, 35c-40c^Sole Leather—
Sperm,... . . 50ci Country, lb, 25c-2Sc
Coffee—Bio, 12J-14cS Northern, . -2S©
Java, . . . . 164—18c(Steel—
Copperas—. 5c) Blistered, lb. 10c-15c
Corn—prbu. 80c-110; German, . . 15c-18c
Cotton Yarn— 90e$ Spring,. . . -10c
Eggs—prd'z. 10-locb Cast, .. . . 33c-2.0
Feathers—lb. 40cSsugar—
Flour—pr lb. 4-5c/ Crushed, . . 324
Glass—8x10, $2J-$3? N. Orleans, 7c-10e
Indigo—pr lb, $1*-160cStrup—
Iron—Sweed, 6lc-7c: N. 0. pr gal. 40c-50c
Georgia, . i STallow—lb. 12Ae
Laud— .... 1:4-17c)Tea—per lb, 75c-$l
Mackerel—bl$17-$lS?WHEAT— ♦
Madder—lb. .20c-25« per bushel, $125-140.
Meal—per bu. 90-IIO^Wool—lb, 25c-
SPECIAL NOTICES.
HOME, BA., Ftl>. 1855.
The Stock Holders in the Geo. k Ala. R. R.
Company will take notice that at a meeting of
the Board of Directors, this day held the follow
ing Resolution was passed:
That in consideration of the prof sure in the
money market, the calling in of an assessment
upon the subscribed stock, and the employment
of an Engineer to survey the Road, be for tbe
present postponed. C. H. SMITH,
Feb 6 Sec’y Ga dc Ala R It.
The condition of the stomach is of vital im
portnn'ce. No man, woman, or child can be
healthy unless the work of digestion is regular
ly, thoroughly, and vigorously performed. With
three-fourths of civilized society, this is not the
case. And yet the remedy is within tbe reach
of all. Hoofland’s German Bitters, prepared by
Dr. C. M. Jackson, Philadelphia, will as surely
create a regular and healthy action of the sto
mach os oil will lesson tbe friction of machine
ry. Let the victim of dyspepsia or indigestion
n any of its forms, try it, and - we guarntee a
good appetite physical vigor, firm nerves,
sound sleep by night, and increased cheerful
ness by day. See advertisement.
. O ALL WHO USE LlQUOR AS A MEDICINE OR
as a Beverage.—Physicians who proscribe
Alchobolio Liquors for medicinal purposes
should give the preference to Wolfe’s Schiedanq
Armatie Schnapps. ;
1. It is manfactured at Schiedam, in Holland,
and exclusively in the faotory of the proprietor,
by processes and from materials elsewhere un
employed and unknown.
2, It is proved, by the repeated analysis of
everal eminent chemists, to bo entirely free
from tbe pernicious fusal oil which remains Lq
evory kind of Liquor distilled from grain, an
which is the cause of the nervous and viscera
derangement, serious congestions, and morbid
desire for habitual and intemperate indulgence,
which such liquors invariably tend to superin
duce.
3.. It Is proved, by the same unerring tests,
w
—-
wimm