Newspaper Page Text
common country l»y tho menace- of conse
quences, and wo arc equally incapable ofii*-
jin laiifftiuffo to othore. I» i" «« men
brotliera -in llie spirit of 4n affection winch
ih Htill warm and undiminialied.tliat we would
call their attention to llipao inevitable result* |
wliich n- itbor they nor wo will have tho pow
er to avert.
Examine the subject for a moment in its
connexion with the principle* of an enlight-
ened political economy, and boo iftlic coneid-
e rations which nre urged to Hiiatain thin hvs-
tcin aro not fallacious and deluaivo. The
view muHt lie necessarily brief— consistingof
hintfl and suggestions rather than of an ex-
tondod argument, or of minute details ; hut
our object will bo attained if iheao may *orvo
to awaken a spirit of dispassionate inquiry.
Wo are tho advocates of free trade. Tho
argument which sustains it rests upon 11 pro
position which may not be denied. It is the
unquestionable right of every individual to
apply his labor and capital in tin; mode which
’ • may conceive best calculated to promote
I 1 ,;, „ v „ h.K-rCHt. Il in Itio interest of tho
,Ml 1 ,lie lint liti Bliould BO apply it. Ho un-
llemtandn liettor than it can bo understoo,!
|, v the government, wlmt will luco to Inn
own benefitand ninco tho majnrily of in-
jndi*ldu»U will, it properly |irotoctod, bo di..
S’ oftheir infliwiry *nd capital - inuni - pm!
dneo in tbo rosolt tho Krcalcat .mount of pub-
ic good. I/'t it bo remembered, tho. tbo
oooatioc rclnten exclusively lotlm WiMdrm
2f rapltal. It cannot bo general -d by an act
of loginlptioo. The power of tbo government
in limited to its transfer from one emp oy-
•«nt to another. It takfcs from aomo less
interest, what it bestowa on the one
wf|>ci.: t prufuflHca to protect. It is equally
untrue l, nl BUC |, a system gives grentor em
ployment I,. i u |ior. Its operation is confined
to the simple nhangc of its application.—
I,owa which prouct by bounty any peculiar
species of labor, cur.not ho suid to encourage
American industry—that is, diroctod to va
rious objects. Those lows favor only a single
class ; and since the bounty is not supplied
by the government, but taken from the pock
et of the individual, tho protection which is
given to 0110 species of labor, is so given at
the expense of every other. That course of
legislation, which leaves American capital
ftiui labor to itiu uiifuttorcd discrntioii oftlmw*
who possess the ono and apply the other, can
alone bo denominated the " Amorican Sys
tem.”
The interference of government, with the
right nftho individual to apply his labor and
capital in such mode as he may think must
conductive to his own interest, thus neces
sarily oporatos to diminish the aggregate a-
mount of production. In other words, tho
amount of tho nocossariea and conveniences
of life which aro enjoyed by tho community
is necossarily diminished. If ull nations then
were willing to adopt tho system of free trude
for which we contend, which is accordant to
the spirit of Christianity and calculated to u-
tiito nations in harmony and peace, it cannot
ho doubted that tho interest of each would bn
promoted. Thu only question which can bo
raised on this part of tfio subject is, whether
tho adoption of a restrictive policy, by one or
more nations makes it the interest of'others
to reciprocate those restrictions. Tho an
swer seems to he sufficiently obvious and sat
isfactory. The proposition which usserts tho
superior advantages of a free trado among ull
nations, rests upon the following principle.—
Tho universal freedom of action which it al
lows, tends most thoroughly to dovelopo the
moral and physical energies of each nation,
and to apply tlioin to those objects to which
they aro hestaduptod. Tho proposition must
he equally trno in relation to each nation,
whatever may bo the policy adopted by oth
ers. Tho nation which resorts to a restric
tive policy, logihlutcs to her own disadvantage
by interfering with the nnturul ami most proi-
Vltthle employment of capital. To tho oxtent
to which she thus excludes another nation
from an accustomed or fr°m a desirable mar
ket, she occasions, it is true, in that nation
also a displacement of capital from ils natural
channels. But can tho remedy consist in a
retaliatory system of legislation ! in a system
of farther restrictions imposed by the latter
nation, bocauso, of the wrong dono by tho for
mer, ami because it is also injurious to such
nation 1 When wo apply those views to the
Corn haws of Groat Britian, cons derod with
rwlbrcnco to their effect upon us,is it not ih 11
obvious that a system of proUmdod retaliation
which enfetters tho productive onergios of
our own people, whatever may be its effect
upon that nation, nccessurily incroaso the
evils we ourselves uro destined to siistniu ?
It ‘is strongly uru?d as a motive to the con
tinuance of tlio existing tariff, that its opera
tion had boon to effect n reduction of pricos.
Those have, in fact, fallen since 181(1, and
our opponents contend that this hr.s been the
result of domestic competition. A moments
reflection will demonstrate the fallacy of this
assertion. Wo present a singlo fact in tho
outset. Tho dimunition of price has been
genrral, as well in relation to articles which
are not protected by the existing tariff’of du-
ties, as to those which aro. It cannot there,
fore Imve arisen from this cause. l.ot us re
member now that this dimunition of price has
occurred everywhere—abroad as well us at
homo—and not only in an equal, but, as a
neccessary consequence of tho In riff,in a grea
ter degree there than Imre. Among tho cauh 1 *
which have produced this resu't, two promi
nent ones are presented to your consideration
—the diminished amount of tho circulating
tnodium of the world and tho astonishing im
provements which have introduced in the
modes of production. Tho cost of production
is less ; the comparative value of money bus
become greater. Can wo wonder at the ro-
««!l 1 Take llis case of cotton goods—these
have fallen in prion here since the enactmont
of the tariff. But the sumo thing is true not
only in an equal, but in a grentor degree a-
broad—and the reason is obvious. The cau
ses which have produced this result—those
which have been before stated—have else
where been left to exert their ful influence in
effecting the reduction of price. Here their
operation has been restrained by the conflict
ing influence of tho tariff. The reduction
therefore with us has necessarily stopped at
a point, which is ascertained by adding the
amount of duty to the price of the imported
article. Thus the dimunition of price here
has been retarded by it But for tins law the
imported, which wou'd take the place of the
domestic article in the consumption of the
country, would be obtained at a price greatly
below that which we actually pay, and the
difference, amounting yeurly to many millions
of dollars, would be saved to tho community.
It cannot be doubted that the prices of all
commodities, the domestic production of
which is forced by the imposition of a duty
upon a foreign article of similar description,
nre raised by the amount of duty necessary
to effect tho exclusion of the foreign article,
or that this increase of price is paid by tho
consumer, and that tho loss to the nation
which is occasioned by this system of protec-
lion, is nourly equal to such difference of
price.
The success which has attended the manu
facture of cottons,is used to illustrate and en
force another suggestion ill favor of tho tn-j
riff. It is said that by means of tho protec
tion afforded by government, manufacturers
aro enabled to overcome the difficulties inci
dent to new enterprises, and that the protec
tion is ultimately repaid to tho community,
in this reduced price at which the article is
furnished. YMi have nlrendy shown that this
reduction in price in tho case referred to,
has not resulted from tho protective system
Let us look however,ut this suggestion, apart
from that consideration. If it he conceded
for the purpose of tho argument, and only for
thnt purpose that n manufacture might he es
tablished by u temporary encouragement from
government, which would not otherwise, at
least nt that time, conic into successful ope
ration, and that the community might ulti
mately he repaid in the manner which is
supposed, the following considerations seem
decisively to repel tho force of that sugges
lion, 'flie idea of permanent protection is
excludud by the nature ofthe proposition.
That which is proposed is temporary merely,
and the question whether it is to bo ultiinnle-
to depend on the successful operation of 1 lie
protocted establishment. It is congress who
arc to determine in advance upon the pro*
priety of putting at hazzurd the interest* of
tho community, by the forcud establishment
of the proposed manufacture. The quest ion
to bo determined depends upon the calcula
tion of probabilities, to the correct estimate
of which, much practical information is ob
viously indispensable. Constituted uh that
body is it is difficult to conceive of ono less
iilinfl for such reference. On the other bund,
there is always^enough of individual enter
prise, iuteliguiice and capital, to test any ex
periment winch gives a fair promise of ulti
mate remuneration, notwithstanding it may
bo subject to temporary loss. Loft to indi
dividual enterprise, tho question would be
decided hy those who have every motive und
every means to come to n just conclusion —
while tho proposed suggestion would throw
upon congress those visionary projectors,
who having failed to obtain the suiipoil of
discreet and iiiiiili^cnt r.n|>it,ilium,would plnv
tho sure game of securing profit,if hy the rarest
uccident, prelit should arise, and of throwing
tho loss upon the comm uity, if loss should
ensue.
It is said that a dependence upon other na
tions, for those nuinuliictur-s which arc es
sential to our wants, is inconsistent with
our character amt nation ; and in this view
thnt tho tariff is essential to national inde-
pundenco. To us the term seems to he
strangely misapplied. It is agreed that t
system of free trade among ull the na
tions of the world, hy securing the applica
tion ofthe highest energiesolVudi to those
objects which il was best qualified to produce,
would cnlurgc tho amount of production, an.il
increase the sum of human comfort. But
such u statu of things would acce ding to the
argument which is urged, he astute of uni
versal dependence ; and precisely tho same
consequence would follow in relation to t'm
commercial intercourse of any given nation
with the other nulmna of the world, to the
extent of that intercourse, whether a system
of free trado or of partial restrictions should
prevail. That .intercourse consists in the
mut ual interchange of commodities, and il is
impossible to conceive the idea of a depen
dence on tho one sido, without recognising
the fact of a corresponding dependence on
tho other. But such n state of muMinl de
pendence is a source of gratulution rather
than of regret, since it gives to each nation
nil increased facility for the development of
its highest energies, enlarges the sum of its
enjoyments, uud affords tho surest guarantee
for the peace and harmony of tho world.
If tho suggestion be urged in its applica
tion to the necessities of our country during
a state of war, an equal satisfactory answer
may bo given. It is unquestionably tho duty
of every government to ho prepared for those
conflicts with other nutinns, which it is not
always possiblo to avoid: but this is most
effectually dene hy tho unrestricted exertion
of its peaceable energies. In u government
constituted us ours is and separated as it is
hy tne Atlantic from tho nations of the old
world, it is reasonable to presume that, such
conflicts will be rare. The intervals of peace
will probably bo of much the longest dura
tion, and our system of permanent policy
should therefore he regulated chiefly with a
view to this state of otir national existenro.
But the decisive answer to this suggestion
is, that money constitutes the sinews of war,
and that its exigencies arc best provided for
by enriching the nation in time of pi uco. A
system of free trade will mainly conduce to
this object. Tim resources which il will luriitah
will second the services oflho neutral trader,
and these with our own internal manufac
tures, which are already independent of Lrg-
islutive protection, will amply supply our
wunts in such uu emergency.
It is one and not tho least of tho evils of
the system which wo deprecate, that it has u
tendency to demoralise our citizens, to hah-
itulatc them to evasions of t he laws' to cu-
coursgo the odious and detestable practice
of smuggling. It is tho effect of the protec
ting duty to raise the price of commodities
considerable above, that ut which they could
ho imported at a moderate revenue duty. Un
less tins is so, it fails to accomplish iis des
tined object, and is culiruly uscles. Tin* in.
ovdublc consequence is, the temptation to
clandestine importation, &the facilities u Inch
uro afforded by our widely extended inland
and ocean frontier, give impunity to the
smuggler.
On tho several interests of agriculture,
navigation and commorco, the mechanic arts,
and even on tho manufactures themselves,
this system operates with on injurious influ
ence. Speaking with reference to that portion
of agriculture, which is employed in tiio pro
duction of articles which must bo exported to
& foreign market, it is obvious that any con
siderable diminution of commercial capital,
by its tranfors to other employ in nts, must
hnvo a tendency to diminish their price. It
is in tho southern portion of the union tlmt
this will bo most extensively felt. The domes-
tic market will consume a portion of its great
staple, which is, comparatively, small and the
immense residue will seek in* vain for a for
eign market, if tho manufactures of other
nations aro in effect, and permanently exclu
ded from our ports. This State or things
may not at onco occur.
is
THURSDAY MORNING, OCT. 20.
We aro compelled to lay over a number uf »<l-
vertisomon'a. They will receive |>»rtii ul.tr atlOnlicn in
our noil.
fdP* Hy lli* ship Stutira wo have received New
York papers of Wedm-sdny I2tli init.
IC? 5 * It will be recollected that in ihe Address oflho
Free Tr ole Conveii'iou, wh ; cll commence* on our firal
pni.'o, thu pari moved to bo »lrick«n out by IWr. Gam a-
stated, will opnrato to dimiu’sh their profits ( tin (which tnoii -n wailoat, 149 to 32,) bv-ginw wi lt the
by the strongest considerations to sc»'k that
supply from those who will receive her man
ufactures in return. If this system ho ren
dered permanent, and pushed to the prohibi
tory extent, to which it conns inevitably to
tend, the fat<‘ ofthe cotton planter is there
fore, irrevocably scaled. Nor is ho alone ef
fected hy this system of protection. The
farmer oflho middle stales will feel its influ
ence in the incroaso of the price of labour,
ns well as of every article which lie buys ;
ami if those in tho manufacturing districts
should find an improved market for the pro
duce of their farms, the moderations just
stated, will opnrato to di
—and the benefits which tU=y enjoy from the
increased investment of capital in their vi
cinity, will be purchase! at the expense of
those interests from whch that capital has
been transferred. '
When we direct ryrattention to the influ
ence ofthe protccli/gsystem on the naviga
tion oflho country/wo might give to tho sub-
j oc t a peculiar ifiercst, hy dwelling on the '» column. 1
fact, that n ship is the proudest und-most |'he lai, fan Pacific, was bilow,
successful of oar manufactures. From an
curly period of our history down to the pre
sent hour, wo Imve been conspicuous for mir
skill 111 ship building. Adverting to it ns nu
art, we have hy the elegance of our models,
and the minuteness of our finish, raised it
from u mechanic il, to 011c ol the fine arts.—
Wo have applied tho principle? of a correct
tent to naval arcliitccturw, mid have there-
lore produced the sumo masterly result in
this, as the application of the samnbrincinles
hid produced in the other arts. (Ve might
then with perfect fairness and propriety,
press thu inconsistency of that policy, which
seeks tho prosperity of manufactures, by
loading with burthens tlmt brunch of them
which has flourished with but little aid, and
is necessarily subject to exclusioij from the
jealousy of foreign nations. Wo might con
nect this topic with our navy, ami o ir naval
glory, utrJ thus enlist in our behalf thu sensi
bilities of patriotism. But wo wave llio*e ad
vantages, and without entering into details,
content ourselves with adverting to the posi
tive discouragements of ship building, occa
sioned hy tlm tar.If of 1828. By that tariff, j
iron, hemp, duck and cordage, arc inhj clod
fo duties which would he in effect prohibito
ry-, if these articles wore not of the first ne
cessity, and their importation indispensable.
The quantity of these articles which enter
inio the construction of a ship, with the lnlmr
bestoaed on them, constitute one hull* of its
value, and duties upon them impose upon a
now ship of five hundred tons u dry direct
tax little short of two tlmusuml dollars, which
is paid in iiilvuuce. Why say a dry, direct
tax, for it is no , as in cases of consumable
articles, ropuid by the consumer. Neither is
it repaid hy the freighter, for the rate of
freight depends oil foreign competition, and
the foreign ship, cheap, because unburthciied,
settles the price.
The effects of the protecting system upon
commerce in general, can only he satisfacto
rily illustrated hy details. It is an important
Tho result of the Muiylmul election hee been five
Clay and lour Juckeon Congressmen, and fifty nine
Olay and twenty one J notion Delegate* (Assembly-
men.)
In Delawnro llv Jack inn ticket has succeeded in ono
out of iho fame cmintii.a of fan State.
Ii r 'h pnrn|>raph < ommnncing "A numarmi* and res-
pcc.ublo body," and end* with 1 tin eighth par ijimpli in
the words “why alinuH tvo who are in victim*, not
tiunil upon our chartered rights."
By tho achr. Exact arrived on Tuesday, wc Imve re
ceived New Y .rk papers of Wodiu tulay I2ili instant.
Foreign ml.-lligcncc by thu Hannibal Iroin London, will
) Liverpool packet of
Mr. Raxuoini, late
Minister t» Rieaia, arrived in the Hannibal.
A iImiik N. E. gunnel m on llio night of Ihe 9th,
which condnum] with heavy rain, up to the night ofthe
II h. A munher of vcaaels wore driven aslmro, anil a-
mom; them brig \faintic from this port for New York,
a L nu Branch, l.ulcn with L'..nbor lor Iho Patterson
Bail Hoat. Herailn.vion was considered dangerous.
Letters received at Charleston hy the Samuel Wrigh',
stale that the Bibi-h Ant, imposing the A-8d, duty on
Colton, llad rene vml ihe Itoyal assent oil the 23d Aug.
hut it had mil gone into operation us lulu us thu 2d ol
Sept, ut Liverpoo'. t
Ni;wr Simp.—The fine new ship Robert Isinc, n
■I3.'i Iona hurl!ten, p.ipp- red and coppi-r fastened, was
launched M Bath, (Me.) on the 27.h ult. She is raid
tube a first rule vessel, will curry about sixteen hundred
ha'us of Colton, ami ii .niemled to run bolweon this
city'anil Liverpool, under the command of Capt. Vah-
ni’m, formerly of the ship Georgia, The Hubert Isaac
cost ncar'y 930,000, uutl is ow*iod by Messrs. A. I.ow
& Go. ol this city, nod hears the name nf a n deceased
partner of that old established and reaped b!e hou-c.
It is said Ihntyfee hundred young men in Philadelphia
and its vicinity have agreed to go out In fight the Polish
battles, and are pledged to answer wiien tho roll is call
ed !
On the night of the 29th ull. says the Barnstable Ga-
to to, n Shark 13 foot long, jumped on hoard the puck-
et schooner A'phion, Cjpt. U K. SeuniiBR, in Long
lalnnd 8>-und !
Counterfeit five dollar notes ofthe Charleston Branch
oflho United State* Bank, aro in circulation at Wash
ington City, xo well executed u» to require a Hunk offi
cer Ur detect them.
According to the Loui-ville Advertiser, the Bank of
the United Stales has unde n loan of $100,000 to fan
city of Cincinnati, at five pir cent. ; the sleek redeem
able in forty year*.
Tho necessity of'having a supply cf the
raw material for tho employment of her man-
ufactories, may induce our great customer to
submit, for a tune, to a system of purchase
instead of exchange ; but she will he urged
task, and will he faithfully performed hy those
to whom it is confided. The diminution of
imports—a total or partial scarcity of some
articles—an increase of price to the consum
er,a depression of tho mercantile spirit which,
under different circumstances, would he ani
mated to new enterprises, and Iho consequent
chock to our attainment of that height of
prosperity, to which tho freedom of our insti
tutions guides us, these are results which
cannot bo denied. That actual nusery is not
felt in a young and fteocounldy, where al
most every citizen is or easily dm be, a pro
prietor, is not an nrgiim mt to deter us from
the removal of those obstacles to tlmt assured
nttd unoxunijiled ease and comfort of con
dition, to which tho Amorican citizen, a* pi res
and is untitled. If to tho easy acquisition of
good cheap land, he can likewise add, not
only the uccnssunes, hut blameless luxuries
of life, why should ho be churlishly prevent
ed bv a sordid and monopolising system,
which finds enjoyment in restriction, and
profusion in prohibition ?
Every class of manufactures which is not
tho object of tho bounty of this system, as
well as tho mechanic arts generally, arc in
juriously affected by its operation—Nay, even
those manufacturers, who experience tins
protection ure themselves interested in thu
removal of these restrictions—The enormity
ofthe profit#, in many instances, combined
with the uncertainty of the continuance of
the system, give to this employment the
character of 11 gambling speculation, rather
tlmu that of a regular pursuit of industry.—
The high rate of profits would occasion a
rush ofcnpital from other pursuits, and co n-
petitinn would speedily reduce them to the
general level, if the precarious tenure hy
which they are held did not restrain the
movement—Such of them as arc adapted to
the c rcumstances 0/ the country, and con
ducted with the requisite skill and industry
would continue to flourish, alllmueh legisla
tive protection were withdrawn. They would
still give a fair return for the capital and la
bour which they employ. Tho rate of profits
would indeed be less, hut they would he cer
tain, or liable only to those changes which
tire common to tho wholo productive indus
try of the country. It is with this view of
the subject, that the best informed and most
intelligent among tho manufacturers thorn-
elves, cannot resist tho conviction that the
The M.ic >11 Mesaenger, the oldest journal in that
town, and one of the most ri‘S|ien'iih!e in the slate, bun
recently ! tun enlarged and much improved in appear
ance.
Mu it An v.—We nre infmined that tho Hoad Qnnr-
Ioth of fa.. 2.1 L*. S. Art.llorv, will bo removed from An-
guvta to Can'.omuunl Oglethorpe un the 1st of next
month.
We hope that hereafter tho annual removal of tho
trooi'H to Augusta will he diiifiuiiHeil wifa. IfOgletliorp.'
Barrn'k* ah'mid prove an unhealthy ns during the firm
non-on nffer their erection, qu-.rlvra can doubtless he
found within the city both coriv niunt and healthy.
At Fort Independence, Boston, on ih" 1st in<l. n ser
geant in fae Uni'ed Sin'en service, paiiu d Isaac Wat
kins, o'" Aii2"s'n, (Geo.) need 27, blew out bis brains
with a musket loaded with hull. He commuted the net
in n room in the Hospital during a abort ithst-nrn of a
sol her who was ill there, and whom he had visited a-
bout 8 o’c'oftk, appearing much dej>-r.tcd. He had that
morning bought an ounce of powder at a shop in the
Fort, stilling ihnt he wanted to mix it with sonic blueing
foreloihen. Ho l.fal upon his bed, look Sir his In.ol an I
sock, nud touched with his great ton the trigger of the
musk. 1, which it np|iears he hmd .1 in tho room.
Tbo Collector ut New Orb ana h is recendy seized n
quantity of what wa* imp lied ns Syrup, hut which,
on being nnuhzcd, proves lobe Sntj ir tli.i.iolvtdin water,
and yiuhled more than eight pounds of sugar to the gal
lon, nr eight hundred pounds to tho hogshead, of a qua 1 -
ity stiperi r to any madu in Louisiana. Syrup pays n
duty of fiffecn percent on its value where shipped, nnd
Sugar three cents per lb. The 800 puunds in the
West Indie* at three cents per pound would cost twot-
•y four dollars : these twouty four dolors, wifa tho ad
dition of per emt, would pay a duty at thu Custom
Hoti v n, of fifteen per cent, amounitig to throe dollars
and ninety cents. On 1I10 other hand tho eight hundred
pounds uf real brown Sugar, imported with no view to
evade the Uevnnue Laws, would at three cents per
pound, pay m arly seven limes ns much, nr rxicllv
■wmi'y fair dollars. The Louisiana Advertiser state*
faai great excitement prevails uniting iho planters, m
consequence of tho intro luclion of this new article.—
The matter is to come before u judicial tribunal.
Thu New Orleans Mercantile Advertiser of the Rih
in t. says—."Our city continues very healthy. During
fae last wi ck n great numb, r ol the patients nt tho hos
pital were discharged ; hui nt iho same time ihe influx
oTollii rs was no less extraordinary, being greater than
ut any former period, and making the whole number of
,nmat«s up to yesterday morning nt 10 o'clock 204, out
of which number only 20 are females.'*
Nbw Invention.—The Portsmouth Jnuriiiil g’vns ai
account of a gnu, invented by George \V. Muiisk, n
lad of about seventeen years of ngo, son ofthe Rev
Uh van Morse, of Haverhill, N. H. This gun is «,f
lintels .me workmanship, the slock is made in the listin'
111.iii'S-r, nml il . oihcr appearance of a lock than the
go ird and trigger: 11 h on the percussion principle and
so cons'rooted that with one priming it may be dwchaig
ed sixty times.
Mr. Sinclair, the great English voca'isl ha* ter
minate ! a most successful engagement at ihe I’ark The
atre, New York. Mr. FonRisr, who played on al er
abandonment of thu protecting system, and ! na 0 al 'l' 0 same Theatre, Ins also hcen success-
* • ’ ■ ' ' ... I f u | ( • -
n return to moderate dn ies, ivonid ho bust
i nkuliitod lo promote tho steady growth, and
the safe and permanent establishment of A-
uiericun manufactures.
There is a remaining suggestion which wc
desire to present to your consideration—The
national debt, which hns annually absorbed
from tin to twelve millions of revenue, is
rapidly diminishing, nnd will speedily be ox-
tiuguiehed. On the first day of January,1833,
the available funds of the government will
be adequate to its discharge. The existing
tariff ol duties will produce thereafter an im
mense auminl revenue, beyond the ordinary
wants of the government, and tho task ol|
u.-oviding a system of measures which shall
bo adapted to this new and interesting con
dition of the fiscal concerns of the nation,
will then devolve upon the next Congress.
llow propitious tho moment lbr the establish
ment of the principles of free trade ! An en
terprising and intelligent people, possessing
in abundance the sources of nutional wealth,
and perfectly uencumbcred by debt, may add
to their claim.* upon tho gratitude of the
world, for having successfully asserted tho
principles of free government, by being the
first also to proclaim the principles of a free
and unrestricted commerce—that genuine
" American System/’ which will remove
from our borders every vestige of discontent,
will give more value to the freedom, which
was wrested from the grasp of oppression hy
the valor of our ancestors, and perpetuate
those institutions which are destined, by the
blessing of God, to secure the happiness of
unborn millions.
The six nights of his new tragedy Tho Gladiator,
averaged over one thous-ind dollars each. A young
lady of 17, Mi** CLtrro.x, a 11 .live of New Y"«k, ha*
succeeded at the Bowery in tragidv, nnd |.eifurmcd
*cv« ia> nights to crowded hoimcs. The American says
“there is already a fervor in h r claying which iiid.ca't-9
iknl her Hoitt is with her profisfion, nnd wh n wc add
to this first requi-itc of succors, that her figure i* of the
true tragic mould, tall and not xntatoninn nor ungrace
ful, tint her face is handsome, nnd eminently expres.
sive, •» i h large line eyes—it would scorn that nothing
ft wan ing but study and exjinionco to make her the
fust tra.ic actress on .he American board*."
The Philadelphia U. S. Gaze'teiay* "Wc men
tioned yesterday, that a family had suffered much f.om
eating of n cabbage, suppmed to contain poisonous
malt'r. It is the family of Mrs. Dingke, in South
Second-street, that has thus been afflicted. We un
derstand that Mr. Fenner, a member, dial on Sunday
niornitig, and Mr*. Dinuef. died yesterday morning ;
three members of the family are Ij ing very ill, but hope*
aro entertained oftheir recovery.” It is thought that
spiders or other veil inioua reptiles were concealed with
in the leaves.
A verdict of 5975 was obtained by Mr. William*in
the Supreme Co rt in Ohio on the Uihinst. against Dr.
O. K. Hawi ey, for allodgcd malpractice in tiunting a
compound dislocation of the ancle joint of the plaintiffs
wife. The Court were occupied three days in exam
ining witnesses, and hearing arguments of counsel.
Philadelphia, it appears by the accounts just made
up, remitted $11,952 to the Fayetteville sufferers.
Eight DtY* Later.—Tho *hip Samuel Wright nt
Gharlesti.il from Liverpool, nnd the Hannibal at Now
Yofa from London, l.avo brought Liverpool papers lo
he 21 nnd London to tho 1st uf September. Commer
cial I'Hcrs. which we are glad tn perceive, speak of a
good demand and firm market, will bn found under Iho
proper head.
The ailiia'innnf the Pole*, if iho account* nre true,
is melancholy nnd neatly hopeless. The Mercantile)
Advertiser ray*— 1 ‘‘The account* from Poland aro in
deed unfavorable, and if true,'rca izn nil our darkest
furlKNlirig*—th 1 Hu-*i.m go d, and Russian intrigue
hnvo been exerted, wc doubt not. but that they have
bc. n so slice. *sliil as to create. hiicIi atrocities in W.ir-
■aw—the murder of ho many individual*, the displacing
of tho Governor, anddisini-sal of Skitzt nu hi, we art*
ilisp.ised to questi >11, coining, as tho report does far ugh
• he Prussiun Gazette*, which have ever boon ini" i nl
m the Polish ciu sc. Thu ne st respectable London
journals arc inclined to doubt the report: tho Times of
31st August says “We have a* yet received no further
accounts from Warsaw to contradict or uonfirm tho o
which w e yesterday extracted from the Prussian papers.
Hut in the abtt-nCQi-f poai'ive i lelligence, we *ro hap
py to say tlinf the in re wo reflect on Prussian statu-
nu n's, thu less pr liable they nppe ir." This paper
proceeds lo show, why in its opj .i<ni the report may he
doubted, and then ail.L "We shall lint, however, dis
guise our conviction, that ifthc accounts which wo yes
terday p'.b'Uhad should turn out to ho correct, fat
cause of Poland is lost, nnd that, for a season, streams
of noble b.ood have flowed in Vain."
The Courier of 30th Angus, 011 the same subject
sajR:
“It will lie soon by our extracts from the
Prussian State Gazette, under the liend of
"Poland,” tlmt the gloomy view which we
took of tlie prospects of the Poles was hut too
correct. Tim Russians were, nt the date of
thu lost accounts, within u very few miles of
the capital, which was comparatively desti
tutc of resources, and, as it would appear from
these accounts, under the controul of tho
mob. The atrocities which were said to
have been committed in Warsaw, show hut
too clearly that tho government wo longer
possesses the power necessary for the organ
ization and good direction ofthe means which
it still retained ; and it is hut too prohuble
tlmt nt this moment the siruirplos of tho pa
triots of Pnand aro at an end.”
There Imd been no general battle between
the Poles and Russia ns on tho 12tli, both ar
mies were in si{;lit of ouch other, nnd wnitui"
the orders to ntlyance. German papers re
port an action to Imve taken place 6n the
fjtlt; if there had been any fighting oil that
date, it could only have been between out
posts.
Tho Reform Bill is still in the English
House of Commons, and is progressing slow
ly—the opposition have k“pt their determi
nation to talk ng'insl it. “ Last night,” says
the Herald ofthe 3lst, “afforded another
specimen of the anxiety with which tho Op
position seize upon every pretext to create
delay. Though the House sat until half past
one, they could not contrive to get through
more than a single clause, and that a clause
which had been virtually determined by pre
vious decisions of tho Committee.”
Preparations were making at lust dotes, for
the coronation of King William apd Queen
Adelaide. A programme of tho procession
is published in the London Cun of 31st Au
gust.
It is said that ilnngary had Bhnwn such
feeling for Poland us required the attention
of Austria, insurrections having taken place
it) some parts ofthut country.
It is said in the Quotidinnr, that Austria
has again set troops to occupy the Papal
Territories, and tlmt the invasion Imd not been
opposed hy the French Government.
It was reported that British troops were on
their way to Antwerp, to make more secure
Leopold’s soul on the Belgian throne.
Tho French Army in Belgium, amounting
to upwards of 3(1,00(1 men, were on the
march to re-pass the frontiers, and re-t nter
the posts they occupied before the expedition
Alexander Dawson, member of Parliament
for Louth, died in London on ‘38th August,
lie took an active purl in tho debate 011 the
Reform Bil. about ten days before. A Lon
don paper says “ he Ims positively fallen a
victim to the excitement uud fatigue of the
Reform Bill.”
The l)cy of Algiers, it seems, is in France,
and his reception by M. Cusimer Perier Ims
awakened a suspicion, which Imd been enter
tained by many, 0'.' the intention of the
French government to abandon their con
quest in Africa.
The latest accounts from Greece represent
tliut country us continuing in a very distract
ed state—and that disaffection is openly
manifested nguinst the government. Capo
D'Istrias, it is said is about to issue a paper
currency, which it is toured will create an
unseundnc8s in commercial and public opera
tions.
The Cholera Morbus, had it is said, nt the
latest dales, broken out at Vienna, with great
violence, and the inhabitants were flying in
thousands from the city.
This epidemic Imd carried off u great ma
ny people in the port of Odessu.
The London Courier stntcs, that accounts
from all purls of the country concur tn repre
senting the prospects of the harvest as the
most decidedly favourable thut imve been
known for years.
** London, Aug. 31.—City, Twelve o’clock.
—The heaviness which has been for some
days hanging over the Money Murket appears
rather to increase than otherwise, without,
however, any particular reason being assign
ed for it, if we may except the unfavorable
state of affairs in Poland—which, we under
stand, is confirmed by the occounts which
nre reported to have been received by the
Polish Envoys—and the consequences which
are deemed likely to result in Paris, should
Warsaw fall into the hands ofthe Russians.
The opening price of Consols was 81*(, and
they are now at 81J § for the acccount, and
81 £ for money, with but little business doing.
Two o’clock.—We have just learned that
the King of Holland has accepted ef an ar.
mistics for six weeks, proposed to him by the
Five Powers; and it is expected that, during
the above period, negotiations will take place
for tho final adjustment of the differences
with the Belgic Government.
Consols are now 811 J for the account.
Throe o’clock—Consols 814 l.
FRANCE.
Tho subject of Peerage, so long talked of,
had, nt the latest dates, been brought before
the French Chambers, hy M. Casmir Perier
—in deference to the public feeling, tho pro-
jeet of tho la\y submitted is for abolishing the
hereditary descent of the Peerage—for con
tinuing tho dignity during lifo only—nnd for
placing tho nomination of Peers, wholly at
the disposal of tho King. On this subject,
the President of the Council made n long
speech, an abridgment of which we find in
our London pap hr.s ; wo huce not space to
givo tho speech ontire, nor is it important
thnt wo should.
Tho following is the most important parts
of it.
CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES.
Presentation of the Project of a Law on the Peerage.
EXl’OSITIOX OF MOTIVF.8.
The President of tho Council ascendptl
tho tribune, and addressed the Chamber, lie ‘
began hy renvnding the Chninber tlmt he was
discharging an appointed duty by submitting
to tho two bodies of the legislature the ‘33d
article of the charter ; allttdod to the Iffng
time during which public attention Imd been
directed to the subject ; exhorted members
to divest their minds of prejudices, and to
discharge themselves of ull j ledges o;-opin
ions adopted before their entering tho Cham
ber, contrary to a paramount reason of state,
whether such pledges uud opinions might ho
personal, or tho effect of preferring some
particular system The advisers of thu
crown, he suid, would offer their share of de
votion to the public good, or rather, thev
would follow the example set by the groat
body ofthe Chambers. Aftnr proceeding in
the same stylo of udmonition for some time,
he said :—
“ Gentleman these observations were in-
dispensable for us above all, becauso we have
it at heurt to demonstrate tlmt we arc ever
willing to give a faithful explanation of our
measures, when any would venture to allege
against them tlmt they are aught but con
cessions to the interests of tho country.
“ The 2‘2d article of the Charter is con
ceived in these terms :—
" Tito nomination ofthe Peers of Franco
belongs to the King.
“ lie Ims tho power to vary the dignities—
to confer them for life, or to render them
hereditary.’
Tho sixty eighth articles ordains tlmt the
‘3'2d article he submitted to a new examina
tion in the session of 1831.
"This examination suggests three topics
of investigation.
" Shall the Peers be named by tho King,or
hy the doctoral body !
“ Shall their number be limited or unlimi
ted 1
“Shall the Peerage be hereditary, or for
life only ?
“ Before entering upon this investigation,
gentleman, lot us ho careful to observe its
proper limits. They are traced by tho 68th
article, which submits to your consideration
the 22 urticle, and nothing more, ; for as to
all besides, the constitution bus determined
The Chamber of Peers exists by the consti
tution ; ils relations, ils attributes uro defin
ed hy twelve-other articles ofthe charter—of
that charter which the Chomb'er of Peers it-
sclfhas voted as one of the three estates of
the Sovereignty, and from which the same
Chamber Ims, either by initiative or concurr
ence, in many instances since the revolution
of July 1830, caused to proceed political in
stitutions and directory luws.
“The King hits ordered us to submit to
your deliberation the following project of law.
to take rank, after it shall be adapted among
the articles ofthe Constitutional Charter, us
article 23.
PROJECT OF LAW,
A single article to replace article 23 of the
Charter.
“ The nomination of the members ofthe
Chnmher of Peers belongs to the King.
“ Their number is unlimited.
“The dignity of a Peer is conferred for
lifo.
“ It is not transmissible by heroditec^- des
cent.
'* All dispositions to the contrary are an 1
shall he abrogated.
“ Tho present article may be modified here
after.
“Nevertheless, no proposition for that pur-
poso shall be submitted for examination to
one legislature, unless the proceeding legis
lature slmll have deferred it for that purpose. ’
Poland.—While the gigantic enemies of
Polish independence are pressing from all
aides upon Warsaw, and steadily, though
slowly, hemming in the bravo haudlul of peo
ple in q position from which nothing
hut Polish valour and more than Polish
union can deliver them, it is afflicting to hear
not merely of (list ructions, hut of popularUis-
orders, in Warsaw, in which all regard for
its situation, and all respect for thu laws and
for justice seem to have been sacrificed to a
blind und unreasoning revenge ; in conse
quence of insinuations thrown out against the
honour uud fidelity of some of tho Chiefs,
investigations into their conduct have been
going on for some time past, but they Imve
terminated in the complete and honourable
acquittal ofthe ucctiscd. For some reason
litis judgement I a- been denounced as partial
and the people look into their own hands the
cxccut.on of justice upon the prisoners, which
they conceived Imd been denied by the Mili
tary Commissions. The brave Skryznccki
Ims been compromised with this violent party,
and Jms bco.i displaced from the command of
the urmy. Gen. Pradiuski is appointed in his
room, and Krucowickito the head of the Na
tional Government. No battle of conse
quence hud taken place but the Russians were
pressing more closely upon Warsaw ; and
their approach no doubt, had been facilitated
by the unhappy dissentions amongst the pat
riots, which ure particularly unseasonable at
this critical time.
U r aasau>, Aug. 17.—Yesterday and the
day before, were days ofhorror. v rhe Patri
otic Club, long irritated against the establish
ed authorities, and dissatisfied at not seeing
GeneraliJankowsky condemned to death, at
length determined on taking violent measures.
On the 15th, at 8 P. M. the Club formally de
manded that General Skrzynecki should be
ordered to Warsaw. Hereupon they pro
ceeded to the Castle, where the 200 Nation
al Guards scarcely offered any resistance.—
The seven prisoners of state were found,
were murdered in their rooms, and tho bodies
thrown into the gutter, or hung up at the lamp
posts. The rioters then proceeded to the