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- lA W of self defense.
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The right of self defense io by some
oJd writers declared to be inherent in
, n men by the law of nature. Now,
L-ese “natural rights” are aU very
*".11 but they are not recognized by
Xa law of Great Britain. It is the law
Tr.t ft man may defend himself, his
child or servant from physical ag-
* ggiou. He may also repel by force a
foible attack upon his property. When
_ OOI or your wife, child, or servant is
or threatened with violence
goo h a manner as reasonably to lead
you to believe that violence is about-to
be used, you may resist the aggressor.
A nd as the best mode of resistance is
very often to attack, you may lawfully
follow the advice given by an old prize
fighter to a pupil—i. e., “get in the
first whack.”
But self defense must be moderate.
It must not be totally disproportioned
to the attack. For instance, if a hullfe.
jng ruffian runs at me with a knife, I
may shoot him. But if he runs at me
merely with his fists clinched, and I
ahoot him dead with a revolver, I shall
probably be hanged by the neck. Not
that the law expects a man to be calm
and cool and collected in all circum
stances. By no means. For instance, if
the said burly ruffian rushes at me with
clinched fists, evidently meaning mis
chief, and I hit him with a heavy stick
on the back of the ear, I may kill him.
But I shall not be hanged for that. I
had a right to use the stick, and in the
circumstances I am not to be supposed
to be cool enough to aim for a spot not
likely to be fatal. Again, self defense
must not develop into revenge. Thus,
if I am threatened with a knife, and by
the timely display of a pistol I frighten
my assailant so that he runs away, I
must not, shoot after him. If X do, I am
just as liable as though he had never
threatened me, because I shoot at him
not in self defense, but byway of pun
ishment-or revenge.—Family Lawyer.
LAW OF THE UMBRELLA.
An Important Opinion That Has Been
Ascribed to Lord Coleridge.
The law as to umbrellas was settled
once for all by Lord Coleridge in a lead
ing English case. His lordship held:
“Umbrellas, properly considered,-are
a part of the atmospheric or meteorolog
ical condition, and as such there can- be
no individual property right, in them.
In Sampson versus Thompson defendant
was charged with standing on plaintiff’s
front steps during a storm and thereby
soaking up a large quantity of rain to
which plaintiff was entitled. But the
court held that the rain was any man’s
rain, no matter where it fell. It fol
lows, therefore, that the umbrella is
any man’s umbrella. In all ages rain
and umbrellas have gone together, and
there is no reason why they should be
separated in law. An umbrella may,
under certain circumstances—the chief
of which is possession—take on the at
tributes of personal property, just as if
a man set a tub and catch a quantity
of rainwater, that rainwater will be
considered as his personal belonging
while it is in his tub. But if the sun
evaporate the water and it is rained
down again or if the tub is upset-and
the water spilled then the attribute of
personal ownership instantly disap
pears. So if a man hold his umbrella in
his hand it may be considered a per
sonal belonging, but the moment it
leaves his hand it returns to the great,
general, indivisable, common stock of
umbrellas, whither the law will not at
tempt to pursue it.”
So far as we know there has never
been a successful appeal from this de
cision.—Chicago News.
A Disturbing Sermon.
Many years ago an English clergyman
in a small town preached as his own a
sermon, one that he had bought, and
which had been originally preached in
London when the plague was raging in
that city. After reproving the vice of
the people, the sermon went on:
“For this vice it is that God has vis
ited you and your families with that
cruel scourge, the plague, which is now
spreading everywhere in this town. ”
At his uttering these words the peo
ple were all so' thunderstruck that the
chief magistrate was obliged to go to
the pulpit and to ask him:
“For God’s sake, sir, pardon the in
terruption, and inform me where the
plague is, that I may instantly endeavor
to prevent its further spreading.”
“The plague, sir?” replied the preach
er. “I know nothing about the plague.
Whether it is in the town or not, it is
in my homily.”
A Reluctant Complaint.
The Denver Times tells of a school*
boy in that city who has written a let
ter to the school board which shows
that the average American youth can
see a point before he sits down on it.
He says: “Mr. Director—My sister,
who is the schoolteacher, whips me
every day. Pa and ma told her to whip
me oftener than she did the others so
they wouldn’t think she was partial X
write to let you know this is too thin.
She is an old maid and gets mad be
cause she can’t get married, and when
ever she gets to feeling that way she
larrups me. I hate to say such things
about my sister, but it’s so. ”
Soothing Btgcirtinn
Johnny had been playing around the
piano and had had a fall.
“What are you bawling about?” ask
•d Willie contemptuously. “It was the
soft pedal your head hit.”—Chicago
Tribune.
The domesticated Malay cat has a tail
that is only about one-half the usual
length, and very often it is tied by na
ture in a kind of knot which cannot be
straightened out
When Leyden was besieged by the
Spanish army in 1574, the city govern
ment issued credit notes on leather.
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TURKISH CUSTOM HOUSE.
I The Trouble* Travelers Have, Especially
With Books and Maps.
Many amusing stories are told of the
trouble American travelers have bad
with the custom house authorities in
Turkey, especially with books and
maps. In the old days one’s baggage
would be dumped down on the landing
place at Constantinople, and a turbaned
old Turk, tebibouk in hand, would go
through a pantomime of examining
one’s effects, which would be abruptly
brought to an end by the application of
an appropriate coin to the palm of his
hand. But the political troubles that
began some years ago in the Ottoman
empire caused the government to insti
tute a more stringent system, and there
is now at Constantinople a custom
house more after the American style,
where a number of effendis, in fezes
and Stambouli coats of the regular offi
cial cut, pry into one’s luggage with
particular care in search of papers and
-books and maps of a revolutionary tend
ency or in which words forbidden to
be printed in Turkey may be found.
During the height of the Armenian
agitation especially close search was al
ways made for anything with the word
“Armenia” in it, and Whatever it was
found in was summarily confiscated.
On the occasion of my last visit to Con
stantinople I happened to have a map
of Asia Minor among my papers, the
discovery of which greatly agitated the
examining effendi, who spoke in a lan
guage bethought was French. “Ah,
Azeea Meenoorl” he exclaimed as he
spread it opt, continuing in his Turko-
French, ‘ ’ Show me Erzerum. ’ ’ Having
pointed out to him the spot where that
city was to be found, he began running
his finger over the map until he Struck
upon the letter A. This seemed almost
to take his breath away, but When a
short distance to the right of it he
found the letter R he fairly gasped.
The detection of the letter M following
it was lika an electrio shock, and a
bomb explosion could not have startled,
him more than the discovery of the let
ter E. By the time he had deciphered
the remaining letters, NIA, I saw that
the game was up, and as be folded up
my precious map and in stern and
measured syllables announced to me
that it was “de-fon-dew, con-fis-kay,”
I knew that it was lost to me forever.
A Review with an article alluding to
the disturbed condition of affairs in the
Turkish empire followed the map, along
wish some foreign newspapers.—Har
per’s Round Table.
A SMALL MAN’S REVENGE.
He Ruffles the Dignity of Two Women In
a VUMe Car.
The small sized, unobtrusive man
gets revenge now and then, as was ex
emplified yesterday in a Broadway
cable oar bound down town. s He got on
at Twenty-third street and saw only
one vacant seat. Other passengers who
stood up were clinging to the straps in
a semihypnotic condition and did not
observe the vacant place. Two women,
strangers to each other, richly clad and
wearing diamond earrings, were the
guardians of the vacant space, which
was hardly wide enough to even admit
the small man to a comfortable seat
Either of the women, by moving a lit
tle, could have made a larger space,
but they chose to sit as impassive as
statues while the diminutive man
crowded into the place. He exhibited
all the signs of being uncomfortable,
but these implacable cosmopolitans
moved not At Tenth street a large
woman, weighing about 200 pounds,
boarded the car. With the air of a
Chesterfield the small man lifted bis
hat and said: -
“Pray, take my seat. ”
“Thank you, sir, ” she replied aa she
started to kit down. Consternation was
depicted upon the faces of the two rich
ly clad women as they tried to edge
‘away to make the space wider. It was
too late, for the heavy woman crushed
into the seat and came in contact with
the other women. There were the noise
of crumpling cloth and the swish of
skirts as the two women tried to move
from the weight pinning part of their
dresses down. It was a scramble to give
the heavy woman enough room, and all
dignity was lost. The passengers smiled,
and none more so than the small man,
who had bad his revenge.—New York
Commercial.
Marie Antoinette's Books.
The unhappy Queen Marie Antoinette
possessed an important library of 4,712
volumes, consisting of plays and ro-.
mances, little books a la mode, the
works of Pascal, Bossuet, Fenelon,
Bourdaloue, Massillon, Boileau, Cous
seau, Corneille, Moliere, Voltaire and
many others. She loved music passion
ately and had a large collection of
operas in 89 numbers. The bindings
were by Blaizot and were uniform in
red morocco, with the arms of France
and Austria stamped upon them. The
execution of the work was poor, and
the decadence in the art of binding evi
dent. The glories of the art of Padeloup
and the Deromes had passed away, and
the revolution effectually killed what
ever knowledge remained of the ancient
skill of the bookbinders. Half a century
later saw its revival in France, and the
art has since flourished both there and on
English soil. —Gentleman's Magazine.
Couldn’t I*ol Mamma.
Mrs. Younglove—Oh, I ami sure that
my husband has never told, me a lie in
his life.
Her Mother—My poor child! You
are married to a hypnotist.—Cleveland
Leader.
The air is so clear in the arctic re
gions that conversation can be carried
on easily by persons two miles apart It
has also been asserted on good authori
ty that at Gibraltar the human voice
has been distinctly heard at a distance
of ten miles.
Cleverness is serviceable for every
thing, sufficient for nothing.—AmieL -
RARE WEST INDIAN SEALS.
’ Two Interesting Specimens Nov a* the
£ - . Washington Zoo.
i Os the many hundred visitors to ths
I Zoological park who were entertained lari
i Sunday by the artice of the now pair of
I seals, probably very few were .aware that
i they viewed an animal of unusual interest.
’ A large card at the front of their tank
I bore the following legend:
* “Weri Indian seal, Monaohus tropi
ca lit; gray; habitat, gulf of Mexico and
Caribbean rea, from the Bahama islands
' to the coast of Yucatan and Honduras.”
Th* label did not say, as it might have
done, that this seal was the first large ani
mal of the American continent that was
known by Europeans. During Columbus’
voyage to the West Indies in 1494, he
anchored off the southern coast of His
paniola, near a little island which he called
Alta Vela. Several seamen were ordered
to climb to the top of the island, and on
their return they killed eight “eea wolves,”
which Were sleeping on the sands. At
that time the seals must have been very
abundant in aU the region between the
Bahama islands and the Central Ameri
can coast, for Dampier, writing in 1675 of
the Alacran islands near Yucatan, says:
“Here are many seals. They come up to
sun themselves only on two or three of the
islands.”
In 1707 Sir Hans Sloane, writing on the
natural history of Jamaica, says: “The
Bahama islands are filled with Seals;
sometimes Fishers will catch 100 in a
night. They try or melt them, and bring
off their Oyl tar Lampe to the Islands.”
This oil industry seems to have nearly
exterminated the seal, for the animal has
been almost unknbwn since that time.
The single individuals secured at long in
tervals have been among the most prized
treasures of the great museums, and it
was not until very recently that a com
plete specimen could be obtained ’upon
which to base a scientific description of
the Animal. ' This specimen was received
at the National museum from Professor
Felipe Poey of Havana qftd'was described
by Professors True and Lucas of that in
stitution.
The only places now known to be in
habitated by these seals are a few little
coral islands off the north coast of Yuca
. tan. Here, free from molestation, lives a
little remnant which survived the first
fierce persecution. Now the oil is no
longer wanted, and as their coats are
valueless mavy has no incentive to hunt
them down. Fishermen go to these islands
but rarely, and then only out of curiosity.
It is to one of these visits that the Zoo
logical park owes its pair of seals. The
fishermen who obtained them report the
animals as utterly devoid of fear, not
moving when approached and allowing
themselves to be handled with no sign of
alarm.
The park is fortunate in having secured
both male and female of this rare species.
The two animals are of about equal size,
5 feet long or a little less, and would
weigh in the neighborhood of 150 pounds.
Both are of a dark, leaden brown above,
with underparta somewhat lighter. The
male has a conspicuous white muzzle and
breast, which at once distinguish him
from his mate. Both sexes when adult are
said to attain a length of from 7 to 8 feet
and a weight of 400 or 500 pounds. When
out of the water, they progress by a* series
of quick hitches, making no use of the
flippers. This is evidently a serious exer
tion, as they will go but a few feet before
stopping to rest. In the water, however,
they are models of ease and agility, glid
ing back and forth, diving and rolling or
standing with head and shoulders out of
the water to took about. The valvelike
nostrils are tightly shut aa the animal goes
under and open with A puff aa it comes to
the surface. The female has a penchant
for swimming on her back and in circling
the tank invariably makes the return in
that manner to her starting point.
For animals that have been in captivity
but a few days they are surprisingly tame,
and they certainly bear out the character
given them by the fishermen. They come
up promptly to inspect a fish that is held
out to them, but refuse it until dropped
into the water. Then it is seized and put
through a long process of biting and shak
ing through the water till fairly macerat
ed before it is finally eaten. Altogether
these seals are most interesting animals,
and the Zoological park is fortunate in se
curing the first specimens ever exhibited
in a zoological garden.—Washington Star.
Mount Washington Forest.
The recent transfer of forest properties
in the White mountain region, by which
the trustees under the will of David Pin
gree parted with the possession of the
Presidential peaks, which they have held
for 80 years, does not, as we understand
the situation, entail any threat of denud
ing the forests in that particular locality.
If we are correctly informed —and our in
formation comes from the parties to the
transaction—the new owners of the prop
erty have no intention of destroying the
forests for which they have paid so much
money. It is their intention to institute a
system of forest management there by
means of which they will be enabled* to se
cure a constant revenue from their forest
lands and at the same time perpetuate the
growth of trees for timber. In other
words, the new owners of the Mount
Washington forests intend to apply volun
tarily and for their own permanent finan
cial benefit the restrictions which the for
estry commission wished the legislature
to impose, for the public benefit upon ev
ery landowner.—Concord Monitor.
The Oldest Graduates.
Dartmouth's oldest living graduate is
Mark Wentworth Fletcher of Wayne, Ills.,
class of *25. Emillus Kitchell Sayre of
Monticello, Mo., who is in feeble health
in his eighty-eighth year, is Amherst's
oldest. He was in the class of *2B, of
which he is the sole survivor. The oldest
Williams graduates of the class of *2B
are Joseph Lyman Partridge of Brook
lyn, 98 years old, and the Rev. Ebenezer
Harrison Stratton of Branohport, N. Y.
The oldest for Bowdoin college is Freder
ick Waite Burke of New York city, 91
years old, of the class of ’24. Wesleyan’s
oldest, and indeed her very first graduate,
is Daniel H. Chase, who lives in Middle
town. Mellen Fitch of West Newton and
the class of ’26, now 92 years old, heads
the list for the University of Vermont.
Lawyer Albert Ware Paine of Bangor, Me.,
is the oldest graduate of Colby university
at Waterville, Me. Dr. Benjamin D. 811 li
man at Brooklyn holds the seniority for
Yale.—Boston Journal.
Wall Taper. *
A plain wall paper is far from a long
enduring thing of beauty, lovely as it of
ten is at the first. There is nothing much
more hopeless in the list of housekeeping
endeavors than the effort to remove from
it the marks that are left by fingers or by
a broom. Even dry applications usually
make things worse rather than better.
A BACHELOR’S QUARTERS.
Nothing Homelike About Them, Aeeard
" ; 'C in* to the Married Man's Story.
They hadn’t met since the old college
days, ten years before, and of course the
benedict insisted that the bachelor
should oome home to dinner with him.
“Married the year after I left col
lege, ” he said, “and I have the nicest
little home and the finest lot of young
sters that you ever saw. I want you to
come out and see how nicely I’m fixed.
I tell you a man doesn't know what
life is until he’s married.”
* No?"
“Well, I should say not.”
And so it happened that the bachelor
went with the benedict and met the
latter’s wife and played with his chil
dren and made himself generally useful
and popular until they were all seated
at the dinner table.
It was over the coffee and cigars, aft
er the benedict’s wife had left the table,
that the benedict finally suggested:
“Pretty comfortably fixed, ain’t I, old
man? Children, why don’t you go into
the other room?”
“Very nicely, indeed,” answered the
bachelor, replying to the first question
Mid ignoring the second.
“Oh, there’s nothing like home life,”
Went on the benedict “Willie, stop
trying to climb on Mr. Brown’s knee.
He wants to smoke. Do you know, old
man, I laugh when I think of my fool
ish idea that I knew in those old days
what happiness was. Why, a man
doesn’t begin to live until— Maggie,
put that nutpick back on the table.
Yen’ll jab it in your eye the first thing
you know. Yes, sir. I actually have
to laugh when I think of it Our idea of
contentment in those days was to get a
pipe and a book and a bottle of Scotch
and lock the door and lie down and—
Would you mind moving your coffee
cup a little farther back on the table,
old man? Tommie’s trying to reach it
and my wife would raise my scalp if I
should let him break one of her very
best cups. That’s it. Thank you. As I
was saying, we didn’t know what ease
and contentment was in those days. No
single man does. A man has to have a
big armchair and his slippers all ready
for him and everything sort of restful
and quiet before— Now, don’t cry, Ma
bel. If you didn’t want to get hurt,
why did you grab the end of my cigar?
Tommie, take her in to her mother.-
There, Willie, I told you you’d stick
that nutpick into your hand if you
didn’t look out. Run into the other
room and ask your mother to put a
bandage on it. Let’s see, where was I,
old man? Oh, yes, I remember now. I
was about to say that there’s nothing
homelike about a bachelor’s quarters’ ’ —
“No,” interrupted the bachelor, with
considerable emphasis, “there isn’t.”
The benedict couldn’t quite see the
reason for suoh an emphatic assertion,
but he wisely changed the subject, just
the same.—Chicago Post.
Feeding a Baby Elejftiant.
In St Nicholas F. Fitz Roy Dixon
tells of a baby elephant that was cap
tured by friends of his in Ceylon, after
the death of its mother. Mr. Dixon says:
When Sidney was first brought over,
virtually in order that she might be
fed, the question naturally arose as to
how she would take her nourishment.
Os course the proper way for an adult
elephant to take in water is by means
of the trunk, which is furnished with
two tubes running its whole
But when a bowl of milk was
before the baby elephant she did not
know what to do with it. She dipped
the tip of her trunk into it, and the
lookers on thought that there would be
no difficulty about her drinking at all,
since she recognized the scent of the
nourishment she had been accustomed
to. But she was quite at a loss and set
up a roar which seemed quite natural
under the circumstances. Then some
one suggested pouring it down her
throat from a bottle, and this was ac
cordingly tried, and after one or two in
effectual attempts she understood.
- She was half starved when this was
done, for she had had nothing to eat
since the death of her mother, and her
delight at being fed was most amusing.
The only trouble was that it was diffi
cult to satisfy her, and it was feared
that the change of diet would disagree
with her, but fortunately it had no ill
effect. - : -
Oranges.
The very sweetest orange and richest
is the black or rusty coated fruit. Pick
out the dingiest oranges in the box, and
you will get the best. Another way to
choose oranges is by weight The heav
iest are the best because they have the
> thinnest skin and more weight of juice.
Thick skinned oranges are apt to be dry.
They either weigh less because of hav
ing so much skin or because of the pov
erty of the juioe in these particular
specimens. A slight freezing on the
tree causes this condition in otherwise
fine fruit The “kid glove” oranges are
the two varieties of small fruit grown
in Florida from stocks respectively
brought from China and from Tangier.
They are called mandarin and tanger
ine. They may be eaten without soiling
a kid glove, because the skin is loose
and the little “gores,” or pockets of
juice, oome apart very cleanly and with
out breaking. All the above applies to
Florida oranges. The Jamaica and Ha
vana oranges, are much paler yellow,
and their juice is usually of more acid
quality than the home grown oranges.
The Raacal Won.
“What’a the price of these gloves?”
she asked.
“A dollar and seventy-five cento,”
said the clerk; “but I’m afraid we
haven’t any small enough for you. We
can order an extra small size, however. ”
“Oh, these will da I’ll take three
pairs. ” —Chicago News.
——■to*———— l 111
Two Useful Items.
Half a lemon makes a very good sub
stitute for a bar of toilet soap, and an
orange, cut in half and rubbed on a
sooty kettle, makes very good shoe
blacking, which takes a fine polish.
- "II
AN OPEN LETTER
To MOTHERS.
WE ARE ASSERTING IN THE COURTS OUR RIGHT TO THE
EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE WORD “CASTORIA,” AND
“PITCHER’S CASTORIA,” AS OUR TRADE MARK.
Z, DR. SAMUEL PITCHER, of Hyannis, Massachusetts,
was the originator of “PITCHER’S CASTORIA,” the same
that has borne and does now every
bear the sac-simile signature of wrapper.
This is the original" PITCHER’S CASTORIA,” which has been
used in the homes of the Mothers of America for over thirty
years. LOOK CAREFULLY ai tte wrapper and see that it is
the kind you have always bought ~ on the
and has the signature of wrap-
per. No one has authority from me to use my name ex
cept The Centaur Company of which Chas. H. Fletcher is
President. J ,
March 8,1897.
Do Not Be Deceived.
Do not endanger the life of your child by accepting
a cheap substitute which some druggist may offer yo"
(because he makes a few more pennies on it), the in
gredients of which even he docs not know.
“The Kind You Have Always Bought”
BEARS THE FAC-SIMIUE SIGNATURE Gr
Insist on Having
1 The Kind That Never Failed ’fou.
TME OENTAUR COW RAM V, TV MURRAY RTREET, NEW VORA JEW.
- .t-Aar
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—GET YOKE —
JOB PRINTING
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DONE JLT
The Morning Call Office.
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Our prices for work of all kinds will compare favorably with those obtained roi
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