Newspaper Page Text
Uncle Sam^i
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"The Marines Have Higgle
Landed and Have the
Situation Well in Hand" JSlOffl * t
1
By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN
"raf* N A popular almanac and
; year book for 1024, pub-
Hslied In Chicago by
Americans for Americans,
t you will And this —and
nothing but this —about
Haiti:
V Haiti—President, Louis
sloner, Brig. Gen. J. H.
Russell. The area of Haiti
Is 10,204 square miles and the popula
tion about 2,500,000. Coffee, cocoa and
logwood are the leading articles sold.
Total exports (1921), $4,953,570; Im
ports, $11,957,205. Exports to the
flnlted States In 1923, $1,445,996; Im
ports. $9,925,884.
Interesting, Isn't It? And so com
plete! AM about General Russell nnd
what business be bus as United States
high commissioner in an independent
republic!
Now, there’s a good story in the
foregoing dry-as-dust almanac entry.
For It means, of course, thnt Uncle
Stun Is running Haiti. And Uncle
Sam, though Lntin-Amcricn thinks he
is the biggest busybody on earth, with
the longest nose nnd an Itch for but
ting In, and hates him accordingly,
never steps In and takes charge of a
country unless circumstances make It
absolutely necessary.
1 You see, the Monroe Doctrine Is
one of the things for which the Amer
ican people will fight. In consequence
It Is always kept In working order
nnd Is always on the Job. And every
now nnd then some Western Hemi
sphere country puts Its thumb to Its
nose and wiggles Its fingers at some
European nation when It shouldn’t.
And inasmuch ns Uncle Sam says the
paid European nation must not punish
the said Western Hemisphere country,
Uncle Sam has to step In and make
the Western Hemisphere country be
hnve. Or else some Western Hemi
sphere people get to acting so out
rageously among themselves that resi
dent North Americans nre In danger.
And then Uncle Sum has to step In to
protect Ids nieces nnd nephews—Just
ns he lias now In Honduras, for ex
nnipie. Haiti has long been a bad
actor. Columbus discovered the island
(Haiti and San Domingo) on ills first
voyage and called it Hispaniola. Here
was the birth of the buccaneers nnd
the cradle of piracy In the Western
Hemisphere. Never In Haiti's 115
years ns a “free republic” was there
a peaceful presidential Inauguration,
with the ex-president attending, until
Uncle Sam chaperoned the perform
ance. During the five years previous
to 1915 seven presidents of the “Black
Republic" had been murdered, exiled
or forced from office.
The climax came In 1915. President
Guillaume Vllbrun Sam was chased by
a mob to the steps of the French
legation, dragged forth and hacked to
pieces. French intervention was Im
minent. Also foreign nations were
pressing for the payment of debts. So
Uncle Sam was forced to step In. The
Monroe Doctrine gave him no alterna
tive.
Well, the marines— force of the
United States marine corps—was sent
to Haiti. And pretty soon Washington
got the usual message:
The marines have landed and have
the eUuatton well In hand.
Washington has been getting that
mf/wavr
//rternshonjl
very same message from the marines
for 150 years from all parts of the
globe. It has come from the Philip
pines, from Samoa, from China, from
Cuba, from Mexico, from Nicaragua,
from San Domingo. And it’s always
literally true. In the World war It
came first from Chateau-Thierry and
from Beileau Wood —now Bois de la
Brigade do Marine —and luter from
every place the marines went Into ac
tion. “Devil Dogs,’’ the Germans
called them —after they had once
heard the famous “growl, hark and
how!” of the “soldiers nnd sailors,
too.”
Now, how is It thnt Uncle Snm can
land an armed force on a foreign
shore without having the act con
strued ns a declaration of war? Well,
long ago the principle was laid down
and accepted that landing the marines
Is not to be construed. They do not
belong either to the army or the navy.
As an act of war Uncle Sam ays,
quite peaceably nnd pleasantly:
Now, don’t fret excited. I’m Just
sending some good fellows to Bee that
Americans don’t get hurt. And maybe
they can help you folks to keep order,
If necessary.
Well, the marines nre good fellows,
so good that most people prefer to keep
on friendly terms with them. For
they are the finest fighting men on
earth —nnd everybody knows it. MaJ.
Gen. John Archer LeJeune is their
commandant. His pet name Is, “John
ny, the Hard.” And his men nre like
unto him —having all passed strict
mental, moral nnd physical tests and
being “expert riflemen.”
The marines landed In Haiti in July,
1915, beenuse Americans were In dan
ger, of course. They found It neces
sary to help considerably in keeping
order. They found the country over
run with “cacos” —bandits who were
slaughtering nnd looting and had
combined to wipe out all government.
So the marines set about exterminat
ing the “cacos.” Ilnitl Is not an easy
country for a white man to travel and
the bandits proved to he real fighters.
Rut finally the remaining bandits made
their last stand In an old French fort
on the crest of a mountain. The
marines charged up the slope nnd
found that the only gap in the walls
was a hole scarcely wide enough to
admit n man. What’s more, this hole
was under the fire of every bandit.
Nevertheless, the first two marines
actually got through alive and held
their own inside the fort long enough
for others to crowd in and end the
j tight.
! As soon ns order was restored a
treaty was signed and Uncle Sam took
j charge of the finances of the 1 ankrupt
' republic. Later on an external loan
of $16,000,000 nnd an internal bond
Issue of $5,000,000 were floated. These
provided funds with which gradually
to straighten out Haiti's tangled finan
cial affairs.
THE OANIELSVILLE MONITOR, DANIELSVILLE, GEORGIA.
One of Uncle Sam’s first steps was
the creation of a national army, the
Gendarmerie d' Haiti. His idea was
to teach the Haitians to rule them
selves without American assistance.:
The natives have made good soldiers
and have absorbed the Idea of loyalty
to Haiti, instead of service to some
particular leader. The army is 2,500
strong and has replaced the marines
in nearly every interior post. Native
officers are being trained in a Haitian
“West Point,” the Ecole Militalre.
The police and fire departments
have been modernized. In the prisons
starvation, filth nnd disease have
been done away with and the former
death rate of 50 per cent brought
down to .017. Prisoners are taught a
trade and share in their earpings.
Monetary reform has stabilized the
gourde at a guaranteed value of five
to the American dollar. The elimina
tion of government graft and the hon
est collection of revenues has greatly
stimulated commerce. Since 1915 the
debt has been reduced from $80,000,000
to less thun $20,000,000.
Sanitary conditions have been en
tirely made over. Formerly Haitian
settlements were filthy and pestilen
tial beyond words. “White wings”
clean the streets, sewers have been
installed nnd mosquito breeding
grounds eliminated. There was but
one hospital in Haiti; now there are
ten and in addition rural clinics,
first-aid stations nnd dispensaries
which yearly treat 5U.000 patients who
never before were able to have med
ical aid. In the hospitals Haitian doc
tors nnd nurses are being trained.
The public works department lias
linked the country together with good
roads. Eight years ago an automobile,
had there been one, could not have
been run three miles out of any town.
There are bridges Instead of fords.
There are telephony lines with 89 ex
changes nnd with l6cal systems In ten
towns. Streets are lighted by elec
tricity.
Haiti Is one of the gnrden spots of
the world nnd production Is increasing
rapidly In coffee and cotton. Sugar
cane Is being successfully raised and
pineapple production has been begun.
On the other hand:
Ninety-five per cent of the popula
tion Is Illiterate. The schools of the
country nre few nnd many of the
teachers know little more than the
pupils. The people are very poor.
There Is no Internal tax law; revenue
Is limited to exports and Imports on’y.
Both the laws and the personnel of
the courts need reforming. Haitians
are reluctant to accept American sug
gestions of change. Uncle Sam has no
control over the Judiciary or over edu
cation. The Income Is Inadequate.
The Monroe Doctrine is a great doc
trine nnd must and shall be preserved.
But It puts Uncle Sam to lots of trou
ble. And he’ll have to stick in Haiti
for years to come —or else all that has
been done will have been wasted.
Tolerance
It Is great wisdom not to be rash
In what we do, not to maintain too
obstinately our own opinion. It is also
wisdom not to believe everything that
men say, not presently to pour into
the ears of others things which we
have heard or believed. Take counsel
with a wise nnd conscientious man
and Seek rather to be instructed by
j <>ne that is better to follow thine owt
: inventions.—Thomas a Kempls.
Hen House Suitable for Farm
or the City Chicken Fancier
1
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By WILLIAM A. RADFORD
Mr. William A. Radford will answer
Questions and give advice FREE OF
COST on all subjects pertaining to the
subject of building work on the farm,
for the readers of this paper. On ac
count of his wide experience as Editor,
Author and Manufacturer, he Is. with
out doubt, the highest authority on all
these subjects. Address all Inquiries
to William A. Radford, No. 1827
Prairie avenue, Chicago, 111., and only
Inclose two-cent stamp for reply.
Chickens, like other domesticated
animals, require a warm, well-venti
lnted house with plenty of light and
air in order to produce to the utmost.
But in spite of this the hen has been
neglected In many ways. This Is be
cause the hen is, In one sense of the
word, self supporting. If no one helps
her she helps herself. She never com
plains about what she gets to eat or
where she has to sleep. She will roost
in the trees, in the machine shed or
sleep with the cows and the hogs.
But why let her get along in this
manner when, If given a proper chance,
she will become a big money maker?
The hen house in the accompanying
illustration is suitable for the farm
or for the city fancier. It Is 20 feet
wide by 20 feet long and will house
from 90 to 100 hens, allowing four
square feet of floor space for each
hen.
The available floor space reaches
from wall to wall, since there are no
Single Contractor Most
Satisfactory in End
Placing a contract for the finished
house in the hands of a single re
sponsible contractor usually is the
most satisfactory method. When a
eontrnct is let to a single contractor
on a lump sum basis, the owner
knows exactly what the total cost of
(lie house will be if his plans are
complete nnd no extras have to be
added as the work progresses. This
practice Is sometimes varied by plac
ing most of the work under one con
tract, making separate contracts only
for lighting, heating and plumbing
equipment.
Another form of contract, which Is
not likely to prove ns satisfactory as
the lump sum contract, is to have
the contracting builder pay for ail
labor and materials, nnd receive In
addition an agreed percentage of
their cost. This Is known ns the
“cost plus” system. Its weakness lies
In that It gives the contractor an In
centive to let labor and material costs
mount up and that the total ultimate
cost is not determined In advance. A
third common form of building con
tract provides that the contractor
shall be paid for materials and labor,
nnd a fee for supervision fixed in ad
vance.
Clothes Dryers
Clothes dryers are part of the ac
cepted standard equipment of the mod
ern laundry. These cabinets dry
by either gas or electricity as heat.
In the winter months or in the spring
when nliuost every Monday seems to
he n rainy one the clothes dryer is a
most happy addition to the home
• quipoienL
nests on the floor and the roosts are
well elevated. The entire floor is
made of concrete, which must be cov
ered with a thick layer of straw. The
building should face to the south to
make all the sunlight available. The
netting-covered opening in the front is
covered with canvas curtains which
may he lowered In severe weather.
The half monitor windows keep the
rear of the building well illuminated
during the daylight hours. This will
serve to keep the litter in the scratch
ing space where the liens are fed to
keep them exercising and prevent
their becoming loggy and dull. It Is
known that a hen will not scratch
with her eyes toward a dark place.
It Is for this reason that all of the
straw and litter is found scratched to
the rear of a hen house not properly
lighted.
The nests are 30 Inches from
the floor and art placed on a
center table out of the way of
roosts. The roosts are 24 Inches
above this table and are spaced
inches apart. They are made of Lby
2-lnch square, with the tops rounde
off nnd set In slots cut In 2 by 6 she
ers, allowing them to he removed, An
roosts are on the same level ' v 1 c
permits the fowls to spread out over
all the roosts Instead cf climbing
the top roost as is customary " e
one roost is higher than the other.
Tiled Kitchen Labor
Saver for the Home
In planning the kitchen the K
care should be exercised in the■ cho ‘
of wall and floor finish. Tiling
this room wliea most of the >
work must be done considerably ng
ens the daily routine of house t
and leaves more time for enjoyment
of the home. , fn .
Tiling is a labor-saving finis! -
which no satisfactory substitute
ists and any woman who once
enjoyed Its advantages w
again care to do withou. >•
every point of view, tiling ‘ one
finish, durable nnd clean; it
of the most sanitary flr.,h --
lng little or no care. ,
No other material or finish _
By supplies the
nnd color, Is so artistic - g | n
thetlc as tiles. Tiles are al
good taste, nnd nppn P• 11 lecorat ive
periods ns well as modern decora
styles and treatments. are
The decorative resources "■ ■ a9
virtually inexhaustible, arc •
merit goes no difference exU-
give cleanliness, permanency
charm in full measuTe. utllitj
quirement of taste, sty
can readily be satisfied.
Lighting
Before turning over V- . 1 compe
tlons secure the advice - s
tent illuminating engineer gd .
tlon of equipment. The v f ' ‘ ht j n g
vancement In efficient y - , v t ne
equipment is little under , -'e
general public ano '- ‘ _ ; -t.ns
qjoney can be saved b> 1 ture
with the engineer of
concerns.