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Ciinrcosl and Wood Ashes For Hogs.
Wood ashes, with the bits of char
coal in ihem, and coal ashes, tuo, are
excellent for the fattening pigs. Pigs
cannot stuff themseives, week after
week, without their stomachs getting
out of order, and the bits of charcoal
check acidity and regulate them, and
help to improve their appetites.—
Weekly Witness,
How to Keep Apples.
Take fine, dry sawdust from well
scasoned hardwood, put a thick Jayer
on the Loitom of a harrel, then place
a laver of apples, not close together
or close to the staves of the bairrel
Put sawdust liberally over and
around, and continue until about a
bushel and a half are so packcd in
each barrel. XKeep in a cool place.
Sound Apples packed in this way have
been kept in a shed where the ther
mometer for some days has been near
zero, and when unpacked have been
found in good condition.—Weekly
Witness, ‘
r— BB 0
i Nest Eggs,
Medicaied nest eggs ara the only
such thing practical to uge. They
are composed of chemical suhstances‘
which wiil keep down vermin in the
nests and on the hens which visit the
nesis. Aside from this, the use of
other ordinary “nest eggs,” which is
only a more dignified terin for stale
or rotten eggs put to this use, is an
ancient practice entirely unneceszary
and uncalled for. One might just
as well save the time and bother they
entail and the bedaubed nests which
they o often causze. So-called "C‘ninal
nest eggs” are a snare and delus;ioq,
and one should save the few dollars
—or few cents—which they cost. l
Hens in confinement have no op
portunity to hide their nests. Hens
which have the opportunity and the
disposition to hide their nests will
do gO, though the nests provided for
them be filled with nest eggs. Wien
the hens show partiality for a ceriain
nest or nestg, the use of nest eggs
does not stop this, and they will still
crowd into the nest they prefer until
other conditions of location or con
struction of the nests be changed so
‘BS Lo equalize matters.—Epitomist,
}* ‘Sewage For Crop Growing.
4 nmbw hly never oceurred o the
wood in which he sought the redoubt
~able Robin Hood would one day be
cleared away and convertcd into
farms which are gaid to be models
in turning the sewage of Noitingham
in Merrie England to valuable ac
count.
These farms comprise an area of
over 1800 acres apd the sysiem of
broad irrigation is practiced. By
means of underdraining from 10,-
000,000 to 12,000,000 gallons of sew
age is handled every twenty-four
hours, the land being treated con
tinuously for twelve houfs at a time.
‘About one thousand acres of the land
is under cultivation, the principal
crops grown being wheat, oats, rve,
kohl-rabi and cabbage, the vields be
ing enormoug. The soil for the most
part is of a sandy characier with
gravelly subsoil and good natural
drainage. It i stated that the an
nual returns from these farms are
about §IIO,OOO,
When such figures are presented,
it is appalling to think of the waste
of fertile wealth in the way of sew
age and garbage from our thousands
of cities and larger towns.—Amer
fcan Cultivator.
; The Bacon log.
! The bacon type of hogs is more a
product of environment and food than
of heredity, and I believe that as a
rule Eastern dairymen and farmers
will find hogs of the Berkshire type
better adapted to their needs than
the so-called bacon breeds. There is
a tendency among buyers to pay in
creased prices for smooth, evenly de
veloped hogs than for the larger
boned, big headed Tamworths and
Yorkshirves.
I have had considerable experience
in growing swine both in the East
and in the corn belt and have given
<considerable thought and study to the
breeding, feeding and fattening ends
of the business. The Eastern swine
growers believe that & thin, large
boned hog is a bacon hog. It is not.
The best bacon hogs are those that
are well fed and rapidly grown, but
not fat; they have a well proportioned
amount of“lean and fat meat, possess
small bones and look nice and sleek
and have good quality. The best
‘bacon hog is the one that is nice and
smooth, My idea of a bacon hog is
this, that it we feed any of the lead
ing breeds of swine bacon rations,
Yyou will have bacon hogs.
We may take pigs from any of the
bacon breeds and feed them corn and
we will have a fat, corn-fed hog.
Good breeding and selection must be
Yollowed if we succeed in producing
the finest quality of bacon. But my
point is this, I do not believe that it
is necessarv to go outside of the
four great breeds of swine to find ani
mals that are adapted to the needs
©f the bacon producer,
By proper selection and feeding
bacon producing foods for two or
‘Mmore generations the type of any of
the leading breeds can be changed to
‘mest the demands of the producer of
iancy bacon.—W, Milton Kelley, in
The Epitomist.
AR et
Founding a Flock.
A recent bulletin of the Oklahoma
Station gives the following notes on
founding and managing the flock:
In going into the sheep businesg, it
is advisable to start with a small
flock. Success is largely influenced
by experience. The small flock is
very easily handled and as it in
creages ihe owner's experience n
creases so that he is able to cope with
the problems that may present them
selves, Many amateurs make a fail
ire of the buszsiness by starting in
with a large flock, as they nave
neither the experience nor facilities
for handling them. Even though
sheep are eaegily managed, there are
problems peculiar to the business
which the shepherd ig best fitted to
meet with the knowliedge fron: prac
tical experience.
If you start with grades, use only
pure bred sires of some one particular
breed. Do not gelect a ram from one
breed one year and one from another
breed the next year, as no improve
ment can be expected where such a
method is followed. The standard of
a flock can be raised very rapidly by
uging good sires each year and culiing
out the inferior ewe lambs.
In order to obtain the best results,
lambs should be taught to eat grain
as early as possible. Corn and oil
cake in “pea” form make a very good
ration, The lambs should be fed
grain in a *“creep,” that is an en
closure into whicah the lambs may
pass but the entrances of which are
not large enough to allow the ewes
to enter. The first six months of the
lamb’s life are the most important,
and though the pasture may be
abundant, large profits will be real
ized on the grain fed.
It is advisable to dip sheep twice
eacn year, in the spring and in the
fall. The spring dipping should be
done shortly after the shearing has
been done, at which time the lambs
fraould also be dipped, as the ticks
are likely to leave the ewes and get
on the lambs after the former have
been sheared. Any of the standard
coal tar dips, such as kreso, zenoleum,
ete.,, will prove satisfactory, thouga
Home shepherds prefer a sulphur
dip. In using the coal tar dips, we
‘have obtained better results by using
solutions than are recommended in
the directions accompanying the
preparations. Dipping is the only
practical method of keeping the flock
safe from the ravages of ticks, lice
and scab.
Sheep Good Farm Stock.
In a review of the past and future
outlcok for farm live stock, A. A.
Ward, a noted sheep grower of New
York, says:
In considering the question of profit
in sheep breeding it must be conceded
there is no product of the farm that
has sold at such uniformly high prices
curing recent years as has meats of
all kinds, and the tendency is toward
still higher values in the future,
while, in addition to the cash profits
in connection with the production of
meat, there is always the additional
advantage of a maintenance, if not an
increase, of the fertility of the soil
and consequently greater crop pro
duction, and the abiiity to manage
the farm successfully with less hired
help.
In choosing between dilferent
kinds of meat-producing animals it
should always be borne in mind that
in some reliable feeding experiments
at our experiment stations, as well
as in the experience of farmers who
have been close observers, it has been
clearly demonstrated that a given
amount of value of feed will produce
more pounds of mutton than of beef,
and, notwithstanding this fact of
cheaper production, the market value
of mutton is ordinarily greater than
of beef of a relative quality. In ad
dition to this advantage of greater
value of product this class of live
steck requires a smaller investment
of capital to start with and cash re
turns are sooner realized, as the lamb
goes to market in prime condition at
some time during its first year, while
the steer will require at least two
Years to mature. Then there is the
additional income to be derived from
the sale of wood, which should make
a substantial Dbalance in favor of
sheep breeding as compared with
other kinds of live stock,
There can be no question as to
profit in keeping sheep, provided
those of the best mutton type are
bred and they are intelligently cared
for. As to permanency of the de
mand or prospect for a ccntinuance
0! the present high prices, every in
dication polints that way. There has
been no increase in numbers of sheep
kept on farms east of the Mississippi
River, and there are large areas of
country in the far West over which
sheep have pastured for many years
that are now taken up and fenced ov
closed to the pasturage of sheep for
ever, and all this time, while the
ranges are being more and more lim
ited, the demand for good mutton has
been an increasing one. I think we
are justified in the belief that there
is no branch of farming that promises
greater permanence or more liberal
profits than does sheep breeding and
feeding.
IN THE PUBLIC EYE.
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Improved Twin Calipers, .
The calipers are indispensable im
plements to the workmen in machine
shops and other similar establish
ments where precision is required in
the manufacture of machinery, and
the additional advantages of the twin 1
calipers were recognized long slnce.‘
These have usually taken the form
of the four curved arms working on
a single pivot, each pair of arms re
ferring to a separate portion of the
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Twin Caliper Improvement.
work in hand. In many instances,
while in use the difference between
the ends of each pair of pointers may
be so slight as to lead to some con
fusion and errors on the part of the
workman making use of the wrong
end of the instrument. This possibil
ity of error is eliminated in a new
implement which has been recently
patented and which is shown in the
accompanying cut., The entire instru
ment is about twenty-two inches in
length. One pair of arms has a ca
pacity of twelve inches and the other
six inches and the difference in the
length of the arms prevents confusion
where there is but a slight variation
of the diameters registered by the
instrument.—Washingten Star.
Plantain and Banana.
The plantain (Musa Paradisiaca)
is a small tree-plant that is closely
akin to the banana, but differing from
it in not having the purple spots on
its stern.” The fruit of the plantain
is also larger and more.angular than
that of the banana.
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Pater—*l wish Mary's young man would come round after supper.”
Mater—*"That's all he dues come after."—The Tatler,
Raising Oranges in Texas.
“The growing of oranges upon a
commercial basis is marking a new
epoch in the development of DBee
County,” said W. O. McCurdy, of
Beeville.
‘‘Bee County is the home of the
original Dugat orange. This tree, by
the way, is now more than twenty
three years old; it is still bearing
fruit, and it is the mother of more
than 100,000 trees planted all the
way from Florida to California. Or
anges were grown until two years
ago either for ornamental purposes
or for the pleasure of having them,
but now it is a business.
“Just a year or so ago an orange
grower of California came to Bee
ville and after a thorough investiga
‘tlon of the situation s2t out about
,fi?.ooo trees. Others have gone into
l e business extensively, more than
100,000 trees having been set out
last spring, some of which are bear
ing already.
- “Bvery farmer in Bee County is
raising oranges, having from a dozen
up to fifty and sometimes sixty trees
on the place.””—Houston Post.
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" m >~ H |
He — “G’'morning, ma'am. You
take boarders?” |
She—*Yes, sir.” |
He-—“ How do you charge?” ’
She — “By weight, sir!” — New
York Telegram. |
| R Y T e 4_.‘--.;,:._.;_«
| PR e o RSR
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|"1 7%e HOUSE and HOME ™
{ Cheap Shade For Your Piazza.
| Take two widths of floor matting,
leither old or new, about eight feet
'long and sew it together; this will
| make about six fest wide. Overcast
the two ends and nail each end to a
| narrow strip of wood. Paint it a
pretty shade of olive green on bhoth
| sides, and hang it from the top of the
{porca by an end strip, using large
| screw eyes and ordinary rope or very.
| strong twine for pulleys. The strip
{of wood on the end makes it roll
| nicely, The two pieces of matting
| need not match; after painting they
| look alike. This is much cheaper
}than Japanese porch shades for a
| country house and looks fine on any
‘home.—Boston Post.
Apron Yocket,
A torn apron and frequent acci
dents due to an outside apron pocket
led me to insert a deesp pocket of
white cotton on the right hand side
under my apron.
It is dg¢ep enough to contain hand
kerchiefs for the younger children, a
daily account order and ‘“work to be
done” book. Outside of the use of
the pocket this book alone is a treas
ure, my accounts are kept straight,
my needs for the table never wanting,
and the best of all my husband knows
just what is needed most to be done
about the house, as it is our own.
There is also room for thimble and
dull pair of scissors; a button or
hook sewed on immediately saves
many stitches.—Boston Post.
Different Ways of Coloring Icings.
White icing is white of egg beaten
stiff and mixed with powdered sugar;
add a tablespoon of lemon juice; it
will be purer white. For yellow icing
take a few drops of diluted saffron
and add to the white frosting. Choe
olate is the best for black. Cinna
mon frosting is made by adding a tea
spoon of cinnamon to white of one
egg; this is very pretiyfrosting. Pink
is colored by a few drops of berry or
currant juice. Green frosting is made
by adding spinach curd to the whit 2
frosting. To curdle spinach, bruise a
few leaves thoroughly, then squeeze
the juice into a saucepan and boil till
it curdles, then add a few drops of
water, strain through a napkin, and
with that which remains in the nap
kin color the frosting. Blue is col
ored with violets; take a handful of
violets, soak them over night in a lit
tle water, then stir thoroughly and
strain.—Boston Post,
To Temper and Retemper Flatirons.
The average housekeeper is often
much annoyed by the tendency her
flatirons have to eool too rapidly.
This is a thing most easily avoided.
The new fiatiron should first of all
have the temper set. Allow it to heat
for several hours on a moderately hot
stove without removing, iet it cool
gradually till it is perfectly cold be
fore using it. After this it should
only be allowed to heat when wanted
for use. The habit of leaving the
flatirons on ‘the fire at all times in
case you should need them will in
time ruin any iron. Allowing the
metal to thoroughly soak in the fire
will draw the temper of the best steel
forged. To retemper an iron which
will no longer hold heat, heat it as
hot as you can, so long as it isn’t
glowing, and then drop it in a tub of
moderately warm water. When cold
it should be treated as a new iron,
that is, to reheat it slowly and then
let it gradually cool.—Boston Post.
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\PovsEroLD,
~ Lemonade.—ln making lemonade
~heat the lemons before squeezing and
you will get almost double the quan
; tity of juice.
Sour Milk Pie.—Add to 2 cup sour
milk one-half cup sugar, a cup of
chopped raisins and a teaspoon cin
namon. Stir on stove until hot, then
add a teaspoonful cornstarch dis
solyed in a little water. Bake in two.
crusts. .
Oysier Nugget.—One quart of oys
ters, six common crackers rolled fine,
one-quarter pound of butter, two cups
of milk, thres eggs; beat the eggs,
put all together in your stew pan;
stir it about fifteen or twenty min
utes over a good fire; be careful and
not burn. Serve hot,
Quince Marmalade.—Wipe quince,
remove blossom ends, cut in quarters,
remove seeds, then cut in small
pieces. Put into a preserving kettle.
and add enough water to nearly cov
er. Cook slowly until soft. Rub
through a hair sieve and add three
fourths its measure of heated sugar.
Cook slowly twenty minutes, stirring
occasionally to prevent burning.
Ripe Tomato Pickle.—Three pints
tomatoes, peeled and chopped; one
cup chopped celery; four tablespoons
chopped red pepper; four tablespoons
chopped onion; four tablespoons salt:
six tablespoons sugar; six tablespoons
mustard seed; one-half teaspoon
clove; one-half teaspoon cinnamon:
one teaspoon grated nutmeg; tw¢
cups vinegar. Mix ingredients in o
der given. Put in a stone jar an
cover. This uncooked mixture mu.
stand a week before using, but m=-
h@e Xept a year, ey
GHINGS
[MWORTH KNOWINGg
The same force that moves a ton
along a highway will pull a thirtye
two-ton canal boat.
Fireworks were originated in the
thirteenth century by the Florentines
and later were popularized in Rome,
Freights to India, which used to be
§3.65 to $4.86 per ton from Euro
pean ports have fallen as low as $1.22
to $1.70 a ton. ;
- \\‘_—-0 et
- In all the civilized =thintries of the
world sixty per cent ¢f the persons
over ten years of age have to work
for their living, .
The rarest sea shell is the “Cone
of the Holy Mary.” Only two speci
mens are known, one of which is in
the British Museum,
Saint-Simon, the celebrated French
author, who wrote the ‘“Recorganiza
tion of European Society,” was twice
driven by want to attempt his own
life.
Investigation shows that the opium
habit is growing in New York City.
Besides about 600 Chiness who use
the drug, there are 5000 white per
song addicted to its use.
According to Pennsylvania’s State
zoologist, snakes are farmers’ friends.
Recently he added to his collection a
copperhead, the digestive system of
which was filled with locusts. -
Attempts to replace camphor in the
manufacture of celluloid by less com
bustible organic substances or by non
combustible mineral bodies have to
tally failed to yield a material adapt
ed for use as films.
An Egyptian mining centre—prob
ably worked as early as 2500 B. C.—
was in the eastern desert, between
the Red Sea and the Nile. The lately:
discoverad remains described by C. J.'
Alford include small irregular stone
huts, arranged in groups of two or
three to towns large enough for 1,-
000 men.
- In Old Lyme, Conn., is one of the,
celebrated Franklin milestones which|
in 1776 saw Washington pass into
Lyme on his. way from Camhyidge!
after the British had evacuated Bos
ton. Franklin measured the miles’
by a machine of his own invention,'
attached to his chaise, the ancestor
of our cyclometer, s e
STONE CARRIERS OF INDIA. |
Laborers of Powerful Physique With
Whom Machinery Cannot Compete. i
Recently an interesting water im
pounding scheme has been carried to
successful completion in southern!
India at the Mari-Kanave gorge upon
the Vedarati River in Mysore State. |
When constructional work was in
full swing more than 5000 natives
were employed and the undertaking
offered a novel and interesting ex
ample of the cheapness of manual
labor as compared with the mechani
cal appliances. T_;;
In India there exists a class of la
borers generically described as “now--
gunnies,” or professional stone car
riers, who, owing to their capacity for
hard work, are in great demand for
such enterprises as this. They are
of powerful physique and possess
considerable stamina. They will
work for ten hours a day and trans
port from seventy to 150 pounds of
stone a man, They form gangs ac
cording to the character-of the work
in hand, ranging from two, four,
eight, twelve to sixteen men a unit. g
Although such transportation
seems somewhat slow in comparison
with the possibilities of handlinfi_
plants, yet they prosecute their tagkK
very energetically and the scale 6'{
pay, ranging from ten to sixteéh
cents a man a day, is 4o low as to
render such labor far cheaper than
mechanical transport. Indeed, a
complete installation of the latter
was laid down, a cable being stretched
across the gorge over the site, bring
ing the stone direct from the quar
ries on the hillsides to the site ready
for setting, but this had to be abafi
doned owing to its being far more ex
pensive than the ‘“‘nowgunny” labor.
These men. carried the masonry
from the end of the railroad track
connecting the site of the barrage
with the quarries to its destination
and placed it in position.—Scientific
American, 2
It is Often the Case. e
The dean of a normal college, in
a talk before the student body, was
deploring the practice common
among children of getting help in
their lessons, and the tendency
among parents to give it too gener
ously, As an illustration he told the
following incident:
The mother of a small pupil in 2
Chicago school had struggled through
the problems assigned for the child’s
next lesson, and had finally obtained
what appeared to be satisfactory re
sults. The next ddy, when the little
girl returned from school, the mother
inquired, with some curiosity:
‘““Were your problems correct
dear?”
‘“No, mamma,” replied the child.
*“They were all wrong.”
““All wrong?”’ repeated the amazed
parent. ‘“Oh, I'm so sorry!”
‘““Well, mamma, you don’'t need to
be sorry,” was the reply. ‘“All the
other mammas had theirs wrong,
100.”—Youth's Companion. o
