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tWTbia&NotFoiind in Any Book r
Why Humidity
[ Adds to the
Terrors of a
(HOT WAVE
r-r-i O begin with, humidity has no more to
I I do with heat than with cold; it is an
atmospheric condition which prevails
, at all temperatures, but, popularly speaking,
/ humidity is generally associated with Summer
conditions, and dampness with those of Win-
I ter. Summer humidity, especially in New
I York, is a serious matter, more serious than
I is generally supposed, for it may be stated
with entire confidence that New York City
I has never known a temperature high enough
I to cause heat apoplexy or stroke had the air
( been comparatively dry. The danger point
Is low, however, when the air is saturated,
and every degree above that is fraught with
peril.
As long as the thermometer remains at 87*
Who WROTE the BIBLE?
N» 0. the Bible did not drop down from
Heaven, gilt-edged am' morocco bound.
Some persons are under the impression
> that because all the books Which go to make
J up the Bible are bound in a single volume
therefore they were produced at one time,
| or at least put into the present shape within
j a few years.
But if you stop to think about it you can
not fail to understand that the Bible is an
! entire library; it might be called the spiritual
transcript of the Jewish people for more
than two thousand years.
The historical part of the Bible begins
I with the twelfth chapter of the Book of
| Genesis, where Abram receives his mission,
i for it must be remembered that the purpose
of writing the Old Testament was to set
down the entire record of the progress of
the Jews from their very beginning. The
first eleven chapters of Genesis embody tra
ditions then current among the Babylonians,
and they find place in the Bible to show the
descent of Abram from Adam.
> The period assigned to Abram (afterward
called Abraham) is 2100 B. C., now estab
lished by the discovery of cuneiform tablets
bearing the names of kings mentioned in
Genes as cotemporary with Abraham. This
proves that the beginning of the writing of
the Bible, as we have it. can not antedate
2100 B < '., but it is uncertain who first wrote
down that early record
While Genesis is loosely spoken of as the
first book of Moses, it should not be forgotten
that the record of the birth of Moses is
begun in the early chapters of Exodus, the
second Biblical book, so that if Moses did
rewrite or shape the book of Genesis it was
from records and traditions existing when
he was born.
The old theory that Moses and other Bibli
cal writers received the Bible in the form
of dictation from God has long been aban
doned. as it would lower Moses and Isaiah,
as well as the other inspired writers, to the
grade of mere stenographers. It is plain
that Moses could have written the books
attributed to him, for he had the benefit of
princely tutelage at the court of Egypt, and
no nation was further advanced in science
and literature at 'hat time than Egypt. Some,
critics held that Moses could not have written i
these books because of the poor state of (
literary composition at that time, but dis-i
coveries within the last twenty years have J
proved that writing was very common in his,
day, and he ertainly had every opportunity'
to learn.
After the time of Moses the record Is’
more or less continuous, though the writers
are anonymous, with the exception of the
prophetical books.
After the Babylonian Exile, which ceased
with the permission given the Jews by Cyrus
kVOID Dangerous
MEDICINE CLOSETS
FEW people know how to stock their fam
ily medicine Joset wisely. Nearly
• very family has a medicine closet, but •
all sorts of medicines and drugs go into'
an d in many instances people have been
made iH, sometimes killed, by getting hold of
the wrong bottles.
In the first place there should be no
••wrong bottles” in a medicine closet. That
is all poisons and all liquids for external use
only should be kept in square bottles. The
harmless medicines should be in round bottles.
After taking this precaution, have your
far "y physician inspect your medicina.closet,
get him to tell you just what to keep on hand
and just what is dangerous for you to keep.
This is the safest way The physician will
give you a list of all the household remedies
needed. Foiow his advice and you will have
little or no trouble through taking medicines
h> mistake.
FOODS to Avoid in HOT WEATHER, Because They Provide Too Much BODY FUEL
or lower, saturation of the air will cause ex
treme discomfort, but nothing more, because
the decrease in the radiation of heat from
the body has not become so great that in
creased loss of heat by evaporation cannot
compensate therefor. At 88’ the limit is
reached, the making of heat just being equal
to the loss of heat, the body neither getting
hotter nor cooling off. At 89" and higher,
with a humid atmosphere, the heat making ot
the body is greater than the heat losing, and
accordingly the body temperature begins to
rise. Fortunately the temperature during
the night usually becomes lower, or some ot
the moisture in the air frequently is pre
cipitated as rain, heavy mist or dew. but
even so the reddened eyes of heat strokf
glare into the faces of men when the ther
mometer registers 88’ and General Humidity
is abroad.
The body is making heat all the time. It
must make heat or else it cannot continue to
exist, and health is absolutely dependent on
the ability to lose exactly as much heat as
is made. If a man loses more than he makes,
or if he cannot create as much heat as he is
losing, he starves to death. The dead are
cold because all the heat has radiated and
the mechanism which manufactures heat has
stopped running. In similar manner death
would inevitably ensue were a man unable to
to return to Palestine (538 B. C.), considerable)
literary activity took place, the speeches of)
the various prophets who had spoken before)
and during captivity being collected, and)
more or less shaped under the hand of Ezra,!
the famous scribe. A Jewish tradition states?
that he decided which books were to be ac-i
cepted as sacred and which rejected as un-)
worthy. But many scholars agree that some
of the Psalms, the Book of Daniel and other;
books, like Ecclesiastes and Job, were either,
written or added t- as late as the Maccabean!
Period (167 B. C.). The facts seem to indi-j
cate that the Old Testament was not closed!
until after that time, so it took some two|
thousand years to write all that is contained (
in Ls books, )
The composition of the New Testament(
covers a very much shorter period, for it(
has to with the life of Jesus and the do-?
ings of bis immediate Apostles only, so not'
more than a century is given to its com-;
position. The four Gospels were written by)
Matthew, Mark, • Luke and John, probably!
toward the end of the first century, al-)
though the earliest date assigned to the com-!
pletion of any of them is now given as 1201
A. D. It was at least a century later (220))
before the Canon of the New Testament was.
at all fixed by the Church, but this was not,
made really definite until 367, when the
Church decided which were to be accepted
as sacred books, and which had no divinei
authority behind them.
It is plain now that something more than,
2200 years were required for the writing of
the whole Bible, and that, therefore, it Is
necessary to take this into consideration
when studying the Bible, as it was natural
for different ideas to prevail at such widely,
separated points of time and in the minds
of such very different men.
SECRETS OF SUCCESS—
By THOMAS W. HOTCHKISS,
Vocational Counsellor.
THE term electrician covers a wide range of occu
pations in the study and use of electricity. Elec
trical science is most exact and exacting,—in
its abstract theories, it laboratory experiments and its
application in commercial life. It includes telegraph
and telephone engineering, electric lighting, electric
railways, electric-car running, dynamo running, wiring,
and power-house work. A boy may begin as a helper
in a concern that does interior wiring, may study at
home much of the technical science of electricity, and
in due time qualify as a practical electrician; but be
yond Ibis, there is the field of the professional Elec
trical Engineer who has had the advantage of a Uni
versity training for his degree. The one may be the
skilled repairer, operator, and installer of electric
machinery and appliances; the other designs electric
machinery.
The young man can best determine the fitness of
his natural qualifications for success as an electrician
rpO ' have and to hold” carpenter's tools Is an art
Nearly every one has a few carpenter s tools,
A such as a saw, plane and chisel, but only a few
know how to hold them.
Can you saw a board without splintering it? Can
you plane a board and majntain a smooth grain? Can
you use a chisel without undulating the chiseled sur
face like a choppy sea? And can you use all these
tools with the least possible energy, at the same time
getting the very best results?
As with everything else, there’s a right way and a
wrong way, and the right way is easier. For instance,
when using a saw', hold it at an angle of 45 degrees,
never try to saw "up and down” or “flat w'ise" with it
The 45 degree angle saves “elbow grease" and gives
the nearest to perfect workmanship, because it allows
the muscles of the upper arm full play instead of
Copyright. 1»1». by American-Examiner. Great Britain Rights Recerym.
dispose of the heat he was manufacturing and a case is on record of a man
whose sweat glands were rudimentary who could not take any exertion
when the temperature was over 70' for the reason that his bodily tem
perature rose steadily as soon as he attempted to do so.
The human body has learned ways of i>rotection which have become
BAHAHA&
H ™££ roßErr SALAt.
Oatmeal. Tomatoes.
“Bananas, hashed corned beef and pork and oatmeal heat the
body three times as much as veal, egg salad and
tomatoes.”
TOO MIGHT TRI—
Darning Stockings.
IN darning the holes that just naturally grow in your boy’s stockings try
running a thread with long over-and-over stitches around the edge ot
the bole and darning it tight enough so the hole will be neither stretched
nor puckered. Be careful not to draw it too tight, then darn as usual, and
the darn will be not more than half the usual size and level with the goods
instead of convex.
To Prevent Fading.
THE fading of colored articles is due often, not to the washing but to the
ironing. Irons that are too hot are used directly on the material, and
this will more quickly fade delicate colors than any amount of washing
Be sure that the article is evenly dampened and that the Iron is only hot
enough to smooth the wrinkles properly by firm, even pressure, and you
will have no more trouble from fading. Skirts should never be ironed
across the gores, but up and down, otherwise the fit of the garment wil,
be ruined.
Keeping Air Fresh.
A GOOD way to keep the air of a room fresh and slightly perfumed
is to place a jar in some inconspicuous place in the room and put
in the jar a small block of ammonia, over which pour some ordinary
cologne water. This makes a faint, pleasant odor of which one is hardly
conscious.
A Fly Discourager.
IN Summer time flies gather on screen doors and when the door is
* opened they usually get inside. A good way to keep them out Is to
rub some kerosene on the door. A cloth saturated with kerosene, in a
room, drives flies to the floor.
Eating to Cure Rough Skin.
IF your skin is rough and chaps easily in any weather it may be due to
the habit of eating too fast, and you may be able to remedy the
trouble by eating slowly and masticating food properly.
Making Peanuts Digestible.
SOME people cannot eat peanuts because of difficulty in digesting them
If they take a half-spoonful of salt in a little water after eating
peanuts no trouble of any kind will be experienced.
as the term* is ordinarily understood, by looking over
the curriculums or courses of study that must be pur
sued to enable students to qualify in the various
branches of this science. It takes four years of study
in a correspondence school, at the rate of two hours
a day for six days In the week, to complete the full
electrical engineering course. Such a course, though
not a complete substitute, corresponds as nearly as
possible to a resident college course in electrical en
gineering. Special courses can be completed in tele
phone engineering, telegraph engineering, electric light
ing, electric railways, interior wiring, or dynamo run
ning, In nine months, a year and a half, or t'wo years.
As a beginner, entering the trade as an ‘unskilled”
helper to a wireman, the boy has the right qualifica
tions if he has intelligence, good health, willing hands,
and a tasts for mechanics. He becomes conscious from
the start that his work is in a realm of magic that dis
closes wonders of a mysterious force which the patient
study of man has been able to understand and utilize
through most ingenious Inventions. If he Is ambitious,
his imagination sees still greater possibilities than
The EASIEST Way with TOOLS
Never Saw “Up and Down” but At an Angie of
Forty-Five Degrees, as Shown by the Dotted
Lines.
THE ELECTRICIAN
those achieved by even Marconi, Edison, Delaney, and
other great Inventors and
The difficulties he has to meet In trying to get ahead
are the limitations of the human mind in its struggle
to grasp the mathematics, mechanics, power and use
fulness of the most wonderful element in all Nature —
electricity. It is easy enough to carry the tools of the
wireman. to have them ready when called for on the
job of wiring a house or in laying cables in an elec
tric conduit; but be must have the real plent of the
technical student and workman, beyond a mere “taste
for mechanics,” if he is to reach a paying proficiency.
As a practical electrician, he can earn from $25 to S4O
a week; but before he qualifies as such his earnings
will be less than in many other occupations. There
are practical electricians who earn large salaries as
managers, superintendents, contractors, draftsmen, and
machine builders and operators in the electrical field;
and there are electrical engineers whose training, abil
ity, and capacity for work have been completely proved
by study and practice who are employed by corpora
tions glad to pay for their valuable services as high
as from «5,000 to $25,000 a year.
bringing all the strain on the hand and wrist. The
saw will make a straighter cut and leave no bother
some splinters in Wie ends of the board when held at
this angle. The p'ane is frequently wrongly used by
the amateur workman. It is really nothing but a giant
chisel, prevented by a simple device from cutting be
low a certain depth, and it can do its most efficient
work only when held straight in the direction
of the surface you wish to make smooth. Os
course it takes less effort to push the plane at an
angle, but this takes longer and also Involves the risk
of pulling up loose fibres of the wood and making an
uneven surface.
When using a chisel apply the force of the blow so
that it will go straight down the tool, and be sure at
the same time that the edge is straight with the work
you are doing;
instinctive. The rapid closing of the eye
when dust flies near, the highly complex but
unconscious group of muscular movements
whereby a man may recover his balance when
he stumbles, are but examples of this Just
in the same way, if the weather gets hotter
or if the temperature of the body is raised
by bodily exercise (which acts like a forced
draught), the compensatory machine in the
body sends more blood to the surface to be
cooled, but when the surounding air is colder
than the body this controlling machine causes
the blood vessels of the skin to contract, thus
reducing the loss of heat.
Humidity, however, is one of the body’s
unsolved problems. It has. as yet, worked
out no way whereby an automatic prevention
or remedy can be provided. To reduce evap
oration would answer the purpose, but this
would so greatly Increase the body heat that
the cure would be worse than the original con
dition. In hot. humid countries the. body is
adopting the device of reducing the amount
of skin evaporation in two ways—one by les
sening the skin water-making or perspiration,
the other by increasing the activity of the
kidneys. This device, however, cannot be re
garded as one of nature’s successes, since it
is invariably accompanied by loss of ability to
endure w-ork and strain.
Since the danger in hot, humid weather
Good and Bad NURSERIES
IN the nursery, more than in any other
room in the house, good taste must ally
itself to common sense, in order that the
small occupants of the room may be made
thoroughly comfortable in body and mind.
First of all, the nursery must be well lighted
and well ventilated. The windows should be
broad, if possible, and not too low, the lat
ter for the obvious reason that a small child,
leaning over the sill, may easily fall out
when the’ window is open. Long windows
running down to the floor are undesirable for
another reason as well. A child, romping
on the floor, may, by throwing back its head
unwarily, sustain severe injuries should its
head happen to crash into a pane of glass.
The furniture in a nursery should always
be adapted to the size and the needs of
children. You give the infant a crib to
sleep in and a high chair to sit in at meals—
why should a tot of four or five be forced to
sit in a chair built for a grown-up, and at a
table so uncomfortably high that its top is
at a level with the child’s nose or eyes? Good
table manners are acquired more readily by
children whose diminutive size, in being
placed at the dining table. Is not. lost sight
of. Fancy yourself, sitting at a Brobdlng
naglan table, from which you were forced to
convey a spoonful of steaming soup or a
cupful of chocolate to your mouth at an angle
which forced your hand to remain’ above
your shoulder during the entire operation of
eating! Yet that is the position In which
children are frequently asked to eat.
Cheap bric-a-brac should be avoided in the
nursery. You may think that the unformed
mind of the child cannot discriminate be
tween a vase in good taste and which there
fore is expensive, and some worse than
worthless gimcrack picked up in the ten-cent
store. That is quite true, but how will the
comes from difficulty of disposing of animal
heat, it follows that the most important thing
to do so is to prevent the accumulation of heat
As food is the fuel, it Is advisable to use tn hot
weather foods whose heat-making powers are
small. Oatmeal is always regarded as a Win
ter food, and rightly, for its heat value ex
pressed in the units of heat (calories) is
1,860 to a pound, whereas tomatoes only cre
ate 105 to a pound. Corned beef is 1,280,
eggs but 680; pork chops are 1,270, leg of
veal is 520; bananas are 460, apples 290. it
is easy to see, therefore, that a woman whc
had eaten for lunch a small plate of veal, with
a tomato and hard-boiled egg salad, and a
couple of apples for dessert (being the equiv
alent,of a half-pound of each), would have only
797% units of heat to dispose of, while a man
who had eaten for lunch a dish of oatmeal, a
hash of corned beef and pork and a couple of
bananas, would have 2,435 units burning In
his system, or more than three times as much.
In other words, he would be three times as
likely to be struck suddenly with heat apo
plexy as his absteminous companion. These
are extreme cases, but where the margin of
safety and danger is so small, it is the wise
man who knows how hot he dare stoke his
inner furnace when the mercury stands in the
bulb at 88’ and over and humidity is brood
ing over the land
child learn to discriminate, if you allow its
mind, unformed and unguided, to receive
wrong impressions? You may not think it
possible that a young child should take cog
nizance of and receive lasting impressions
through the medium of its surroundings. If
this were impossible, indeed, then the entire
Kindergarten system of Froebel would be
useless, which, as you know, apparently
while the child is at play, teaches it the pri
mary colors, the scale in music, the simple
geom< trical figures, such as the triangle and
octagon, etc. As a matter of fact, a child
acquires an enormous lot of miscellaneous
knowledge during the first four or five years
of its existence It learns language, how to
adjust touch to vision, how to walk —in fact,
it learns the entire mechanism of life in its
three first years. You are careful, are yon
not, to have your child hear pure English?
You correct it when it makes a mistake in
speaking, and in doing so you admit the
validity of the claim that a child’s earliest
impressions are of utmost consequence. And
what applies to language applies to all th«
other facts of life. By surrounding a chile
from its infancy on with good pictures, good
furniture, good chinaware, the child uncon
sciously acquires the right taste.
It has become the fashion these latter dan
to paper the nursery with wall paper which
graphically depicts scenes from Mothei
Goose, from Grimm and Hans Andersen In
choosing the wall paper for your nursery i|
may be well to take into careful considera
tion your children s temperament. If your
children are normal, flesh and blood children,
inclining to a phlegmatic temper, a wall
paper calculated to stimulate their imagina
tion will do no harm If, on the other hand,
your little brood consists of highly-strung,
nervous children, avoid a wall paper that
might tend to excite or irritate them. Choose
pretty, cheerful, laughable scenes, such al
“Old King Cole” and "Banbury Cross,” and
avoid stirring illustrations such as the climaj
of Red Riding Hood.
The nursery in the famous Stevens Castl*
In Northern Jersey was, when still f n use
as a nursery, a model of good taste. There
were windows in three sides of it; the waL
paper was a cheerful Delft blue with a con
ventional design in a slightly lighter shade
of blue; the rug matched the wall paper, and
the old-fashioned fire place was set in Dutch
tiles, each tile showing a different charactei
from Mother Goose. There was little Bo
Peep, Jack and Gill, Little Johnnie Horner,
Simple Simon and many others of that good
ly company Immortalized by the old book of
rhymes. In this way the delightful atmos
phere of repose which filled the room waa
saved from deterioating into Ustlessnesg.
A BEAUTY Secret
for FURNITURE
PEOPLE rave over the charms of the old
fashioned card tables, and at the sam.
time they turn away in disgust f roD
the modern card tables, claiming they ar»
over-decorated, gaudy almost to the point a
i vulgarity.
When asked why they do this their nn!)
explanation is that the old-fashioned tables
are artistic. They cannot explain "why” and
the world to-day wants to know the why oi
everything.
The reason of this Iles In the fact that th*
antique tables heavily inlaid with satinwood,
are made on the straightest and lightest of
lines and patterns, they have an almost aus
tere dignity. This offsets the inlay work.
Modern card tables are made in richer,
more curving lines, which give them all the
richness necessary. The addition of In lay
work to such tables simply "overdoes it”
Simplicity of design alone will stand fol
inlay work in furniture.