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DAILY CONSTITUTIONALIST
PUBLISHED BY
STOCKTON CO
AUGUSTA. q-A.
FRIDAY MORNING, JAN. 19, 1866.
IMTEBESTINQ BEADING MATTEB ON 4TH T AGE
MESSAGE.
Executive Department, (
Mtlledgeville, J«n. 16ih, 18*56. j
Senators and Representatives:
Accept mv greeting upon the resumption of
your duties after a brief recess During that
interval sup nosed by some to be fraught with
peril although there have occurred in different
localities shocking exhibitions of crime, we have
witnessed no general or concerted disturb 'nc
of pubi c tranquility Doubtless this expert
euce will awaken in all hearts renewed grati
tude to and trust in, an overruling Providence:
and enoursgo persistent effort to iecreate, from
our recent chaotic condition, social order son
prosperous domestic economy.
Within a week alter your adj mrnment, hie
Excellency the President of the United State,
was pleas' d to relieve of bis trust, the late Pro
visional Governor, and to remit the govern
ment of tlio State ot Georgia into the hands o
the chosen agents of the people. This wai
certainly a cheering advance in his restoretiv<
policy and illustrates bo h the kindness of hit
purposes and the wisdom of your patient wait
ing and prudent action.
During nearly the whole poriod of your ab
sence from the capital, the Congress of the
United States has likewise been in recess, and
there have, therefore, been no decided demon
etra'ions of the policy that will be pursued by
that branch of the Federal government, Bui
enough has transpired to justify the expectation
that not many months will elapse before our
people will be represented in the Halls of Con
gress. As surely as the laying of a foundation
gives promise of a superstructure, just, 80 surel y
are we guaranteed an early restoration to all of
our rights as members of the American Union
In popular governments, the highest legis
lative function is that of framing or altering
a written constitution History furnishes n l *
record of a people, not only permitted but ur
gently invited, to participate in the exercise o'
this high function, actually exercising it, and
then arbitrarily denied participation in the
ordinary legislation apringing out Os it. An
amendment of the Uonsritmion of the Unite-
Statt* baa been proposed by the Congress, in
the mode prescribed by that instrument, to
the Legislatures of the several States, and tie
adoption depended upon the concurrence of the
Legislatures of three-forihs of those States.
There bod es assumed, seriatim, as they came
into session, to act upon it; those States which
had never seosrated or attempted to sepurat
themselves from the Union, and whose gov
ernmenls therefore, had never suffered d s
organization, aciiug first. A point was reach
ed when a concurrence of the requisite number
had not been attained, jnd possibly might noi
be. At this Juncture. Sta'es, situated as wa
Georgia, were one alter another getting again
into an organized condition; and their Legisla
tures, upon their assemblage, were distinctly
Invited, by Federal authority, to take actio:
upon this V' ry important amendment. Most
if not all of them, among whom was Georgia,
not only acted, but gave their concurrence.
A proclamation has gone forth announcing
formally, that the proposed amendment hao
been adopted by the Legislatures of three
fourths'of the States, tho names of which ar.
set forth. In this catalogue are embraced
Georgia and several other States not recently
represented ip Congress, but now prepared an --
desirous to be so represented. Strike thei
names from the catalogue of the proclamation
and it would have no constitutional basis upo .
which to rest, if those States be not in th.
Union, the Federal theory, upon which th.
war was waged is wrong, and they could not ,
rightfully have voted on tho adoption of th
amendment. Yet their votes were distmctl !
solicited, have been counted, have given j
it the desired sanction. * ... j
Shall it be said of a Confederate Republic,
that certain States were in the Union for mu
purpose, and out of it for all others tha.
WhiUtiovited lo participate, and actually par
ticipatisg, in the making of fundamental law
they were incapable of participation in 'in
moat trivial act of cidinary legislation the
whilst they, with other States, ordained that
certain things be done by the National Lege-.
lftSure -liurv tan have neith'-r part nor lot in
the doing of them ‘f Imagine th" arUie.iuu
tf,ion republican government, which such u
state of things would evoke from monarchist*
uf.the old world. Let U 8 not Anticipate thi
ZTgnlt. It too. f*v«s*v* avo g*' a P ( ’’'
the excluded States—too disturbing to tb
self-respect of the actors —too damnping too
free institutions—if not too high a erim<
against them, at, 1 mat too conspicuous a blun
der in the legislation of their chief exemplar. —
Such an idea tnriy possibly possess the mind
of a few persons, bavi g peculiar iirtellectual
and moral idiosynaracies, but surely will never
control the notion of the Congress of the Uni -
ted States. Then, let us be not so uncharita
ble as to harbor the suspicion. Being _ recog
nized Constitutiou-makers/or the Union, wr
shail be, ere lone, legislators tn the Union. I
have said thus much on the subject because of
the disquiet it produces in th ß public miud.
which I would fain aid in allaying.
nr port or the commission.
The Commission appointed by the Conven
tion, which met in October last, to prepare for
your consideration a code or system of laws
for tho government and protection of persons
recently emancipated from slavery, and for
other purposes, have reported, and I transm't
a copy of their reportjherewith. Without dwell
ing upon its provisions in detail, I take great
pleasure in commending it, as a whole, to your
most favorable consideration. It is just and
liberal, as it should be, to the freedman. It is
safe, as it should be. to the citizen: It extends
no political rights to the former, but it gives
ample security to his rights of person and of
property. Like a great majority of the States
which never admitted, or have long sinoe
abolished slavery, we are wholly averse to
invest him with political righto and pri
vileges. For that very reason, we are under
the highest conceivable obligation to protect
him in his rights of person and property, and
to aid, by all joßt means, his advance in eivl
lizaiion. This aid we gave him, this advance
we effected for him. whilst in slavery. Why
should it be withheld now? Whilst wo insist
upon occupying, in relation tq th'»e persons
tha position of the governing class, let us fully
and fairly meet its responsibilities.
With the original report, I also transmit a
copy of it with alterations suggested by the
oomraisuoners themselves, upon revision. I
invoke for tho product of their labors careful
examination, divested of all lingering preju
dices. The commissioners have earned your
grati ude, as well as the compensation sug
gested by the Convention-, which it will be your
pleasure to make.
THE WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD.'
This .very valuable item or State property
has, ae you ftre well aware, suffered great de
triment from the war The government of the
United States, upon taking possession of it,
through the military authorities, made such
repairs as were necessary co make it available
for their owe uses, but these were not of n
permanent or substantial character. When
delivered to the Slate authorities in September
last, not only was the condition of the road
itself bad, but there was an almost entire des
titution of rolling stock, machine shopß for
repairs of locomotives and cars, material to be
used in them, ordinary supplies, and fuel.—
The report of the Superintendent (which will
be laid before yon as soon as received) will in
form you that he purchased of the articles ahove
enumerated trom the United States government,
upon the terms elated, a very considerable
quantity, the cost of which wasa little short
of four hundred thousand dollars. Although
this purchase involved the assumption of s
large discretion, when it is considered that
there was at the time no higher authority ema
nating from tno people which ttou'd he (Jon
suited—that, without the property purchased,
the road, so necessary to commerce and to the
supply of the wants of the people, cpuld not
have been operated—-that it could not have
been purchased elsewhere on a credit, and there
fore not at all—aud that even In its dilapi
dated state, the road, in the short space of two
months, yielded a nett income exceeding one
half the amount of the pnrchaees—the wisdom
of the act will be fully exemplified.
But large as is this'outlay, it falls far short
of what must yet be expended to repair the
damages, and put the road in a condition to
meet the demands upon it in the transportation
of passengers and freight. Several of the
largest bridges were destroyed, and must be re
built. Three of the temporary structures erect
ed to supply their places have been either swept,
away or greatly damaged by freshets during
jour recess, so that no trains can pow run con
tinuously between Atlanta aud Chattanooga.
Daily communication in both directions is in
deed maintained but at much trouble and ex
p.nse, and with greatly diminished income.
The night trains are now unavoidably dispensed
■with. I doubt not you will be admonished, by
this unfortunate result, of the necessity of mak
ing speedily such expenditures as will effectu
ally prevent iis recurrence.
The funds necessary to the object must be
raised upon the credit of the State. So soon as
I am furnished with an estimate of the proba
ble cost, i will lay it before you for considera
tion. You will, Jam persuaded, feel no besi
tation in incurring such debt as may be neces
sary for the purpose, in view of the assurance
furnished by its past operations, that the road
will soon work out ite own redemption, and
Ihen resume its suspended functions of feeder
to the treasury. Nothing now is needed to
gnake it a 990 r0e pf immense revenue, than
solid, permauei t improvements, motive capaci
ty corresponding to its position in connecting
lues of railroad, and skillful management. AH
The last mentioned condition of its success,
skillful management, demands present consid
eisflon Although I should derive from it
incalculable personal relief, I cannot concur in
the suggestion, that the management of this
great public interest should be transferred to
a Board of Commissioners, to be elected by the
people or by the General Assembly. In dis
cing the responsible duty of'' omngyou
from time to time information of the state of
the republic, and of recommending to your
consideration such measures as 1 may deem
expedient,” I shall yield neither to B«gge4ions
<* morbid delicacy, nor the fear of being re
proached with lust of power. In aucussiog
the relative merits of the presentan.lthepro
posed schemes for the management of the road,
support in the fact, whieh I think will scarce
ly be contested, that the greatest success has
been achieved under it But I rest not th a
gumenton this alq#e With a Board ° f 0 ;
missioned von will have divided respons bill*
ty, divided counsels, bickerings, criminations J
and recflfcinations, and the inevitable lo.s o.
respect for the immediately controlling au
thority. Be that authority vested in one, or j
in many, he or they exercising it must be so
compensated hat other avocations raav be eu ,
tirely abandoned, and the whole, me gi '■
to the work If there be several inadequacy
compensated, each will look to some other em- i
ployment to supply his deficiency of attention ;
to their joint trust, and thus a urea, in,er i
will receive 11 tie faithful supervision. All j
cannot be adequately compensated for t.,e
yielding oftheir whole time, witnout incurring
enormous expense. This, however, is the
least substantial objection . f
It will bo conceded that capacity for the
management of so vast a business can only be
fully ascertained by trial. Whoever may be
entrusted with it, or however appointed, should
be subject to removal instantaneously that in
capacity or infidelity, was developed, and
usually the powers of appointment and removal j
are placed together. The people, in the nature .
of things, could not exercise the removing pow
er The General Assembly are not in session
one»sixth of time, in an average of years, and
when in recesß, cannot convene of thbir own ,
pleasure, and therefore are uuflt depositories ot
the removing power. If this were separated j
from the appointing power and vested in the ]
Executive, (supposed to be always m place,)
difficulties still present themselves. First,
there would be danger of antagonisms arising
between the Executive and Legislative Depart
ments or between the former huo the great
body of people, which would be unfortunate
Secondly, vacancies made should bo speedily
filled, but this could only be done by giyin* to
the Governor the power of appointment tor an
interval longer or shorter, according to circuca
stances ; and thus by a free exercise ot the
power of removal, he might at last draw tc
himself in a good degree, that of appointment.
This too, would occasion jealousy and dissaiis
faction. To my mind it seems abundantly
clear, that systetn is the best, for such an enter
. prise, which most certainly fixes personal re
sponsibility, and most effectually secutes
prompt removal, for incapacity or faithlessness
This is attained by having all the responsibility
ofsuperintendence centered in oue—and all the
responsibility of his appointment and continu
ance in office, centered in another, htmselt im
mediately accountable lo the people.
The qualifications for superintendence and
Management of such a work are by no means
common, and cannot be secured without ade
quate compensation. Lack of qualification crl
not be supplied by the mere multiplication ot
employees. Less than one-half the aggregate
salaries of five, and but little more than hah
the aggregate salaries of three -commissioners
placed at the lowest rate that would command
very moderate ability, w. uld doubtless secure
one superintendent of high capacity. Hopinr.
• that the great importance of the subject will be
regarded a sufficient reason for giving 1 s<
large'a spaco in this communication, I leave n
with the respectful recommendation that, very
i little if any change be made in the present sys
[ tem, and that the salary of the superintendsm
; be increased to" such extent as, in your judg
j raent, will secure the highest capacity tor. tin
: position. I earnestly request early action upon
the whole subject, that there may be no un
i necessary delay in putting tha road on th*’
j proper basis.
Tint PKNITKNTIAKy.
Public opinion seems to hnve boon greatly
> divided upon the expediency nf the P -nUenuar;
ay-tom. Tiio burning of’ ve-ful of the buhd
* lot's iM.nrtcji'.nt to 111 it institution, t>y tbo IJui*
j ted St itos forces in their progress through tn.
. State, has furniaho I its opponents wall a favor .
! able opportunity for attsiok.
The history of punitive justice in the Uni ( '. i
! st.ateß, and in Orea' Britain, from which coun.
try our ideas of jurisprudence, civil ami penal
i have been mainly derived, clearly developer
j through a series of years a perceptible reces
sion from sanguinary a«uL degrading punish
j menls. For these have been substituted
punishments of decided severity, but redeemed
| by their connection wiili reformatory appli
i atices. Chief among them is solitary confine
ment at hard labor, for a term apportioned to
i the character of the offense. This, which
! makes the Penitentiary system, has been gen
: erally adopted in the States of the Union, and
1 seldom, if ever, abandoned after trial. Its in
; iroduction always makes a very marked change
I of system, and I am inclined to think that the
i disappointment so often expressed in Georgia
! with its results has been occasioned mainly by
Unreasonable expectations entertained in its
inception. The wit of man can devise no
scheme of punitive justice which will prevent
the commission oferim''—-under any system the
criminal calendar will increase with increasing
population. If the system which has so long
existed in Georgia be abandoned, what shall
replace it? lam aware of no other sugges
tion than a return to that which preceded it.—
About thirty years since, the General Assembly
of Georgia made this experiment, but the scenes
of the whipping post, and the pillory, and the
exhibition in open court of the red hot brand,
burning infamy into human flesh, produced
in one year such a revulsion of popular feel
ing, that their immediate successors undid
their work, and restored the Penitentiary. It
may well be questioned, whet er our constit
uency would now look with more equanimity
uponsuebpr ceedings. In making the change
under consideration, the crimes now punish
able by confinement in the Peritentiary, must
be divided into two classes—the more aggra
vated added to the list pf those entailing capi
tal punishment—the other remitted to the bar
barous sanctions of an exploded code. To the
la ter I have already alluded. In reference to
the former, it may be well to consider the pro
babie efficiency of the proposed penalty
Statesmen, jurists, ana publicists of tuis day
agree in the opinion that certainty gives more
efficiency to punishment than severity. Where
trial by jury prevails, no reliab'e estimate can
be made of the certainty with which any pro
i psed punishment will wait upon crime, with
j out consulting public opinion legarding its
1 propriety. We are not without somo data for
I the application of this test. The number of
I crimes now subjected to capital punishment,
in Georgia, is compart lively small; yet it is
perfectly notorious (using t.te mildest form of
«jpreß9!on,) that in such cases the character
of'the punishment marvellously in
creases the difficulty of satisfying jurors that
the accused has committed the crime charged.
.->a evident is that feeling that your existing
code provides as one test of the qualification
of a juro -, before he is put upon the accused,
the question “are you conscientiously opposed
to capital punishment?’ This test. as al!
know, excludes from the jury box many good,
but, aa I humbly conceive, «sadly mistaken
men. I submit whether, in the face of each
elenr indications of public fetling, it he expe
dient to swell the list of capital nflfeu es by toe
addition of minor ones. The horse thief might
veil prefer to go before the country with the
penalty of death impending rather than i iih
the milder one affixed by the present code.—
Thia view might be extended, bat you wilt
roidily follow the train of thought.
My recommendation, there tore, is, that in
| stead of abandoning, you address youtslvts
vith the li*ht of experience to the work of ini
j proving the system One o! its greatest recom
: nendations, theoretically, '» that it tends to the
| reformation of the convfct This merit is
wholly darned it by its opponents. Theirutli,
fairly stated, probably is, that in this respect it ,
has accomplished less than was expected. The
practical question is, may it not be made to ac
complish more ? That many convicts will prove
utterly .incorrigible is to be expected, and io
moat instances this will be indicated very soon
after their admission. These should bo sub
jee'ed to the hardest labor, and to the greates.
attainable isolation, thus diminishing their cor
rupting influence. As regards the less obdurate
subjects, it is worthy of consideration whether
1 ops, that great excitant of human action
hope of return to free life, under favorable ;
auspioes—hope of shortened imprisonment j
hope of mitigation of its severity while it lasts, j
may not be mote freely and more judiciously :
used as a reforming agent. Has it been suffi
ciently considered—has it been fairly tested, j
how far reward in the shape of mitigated pun - j
ishraent may consist with punishment itself :
which is meant to be reformitorj ? Have extra
neous good influences, such as moral and re
ligious oral teaching, impressive and well
directed reading, been applied with sufficient
judgment and persistency ? The solitary ele
ment of the convict’s imprisonment is, doubt
lees, very potent, because very bitier. lis
stringent enforcement to restrain bad influence,
and to conquer obduracy, would be eminently
proper ; whilst its judicious relaxation, as a re
ward of good conduct, and earnest effort at
amendment, might be very salutary.
The tendency in such institutions, as in
schools for boys and higher seminaries of learn
ing, is to one unvarying disciplinary course,
' regardless of difference in traits of character or
In degrees of depravity. It makes the daily
administrative routine more easy, and hencejthe :
strong temptation to it; but no educator of the j
young achieved distinguished success under it,
and prison discipline so conducted must fail i
likewi«e.
Should you determine to adhere to the sys
tem, much will have to be done to repair the
material injury sustained by the institution, into i
which, doubtless, your committees will enquire, 1
as well as into its general management, to
which I am as much a stranger as any, and
more than many of you.
The question will probably arise, whether, if
it be continued, it shall be rebuilt*here or ess
tablished anew at some other point. There are,
certainly, advantages in having such an instis
tution at the seat of government, which will
readily occur to the reflecting mind, and one
grqat objection heretofore existing to the lo*
cality, viz : its inaccessibility by railroad travel
and transportation is overcome already, and"
doubtless it will, ere long, be still more easy of
access. There may, however, be advantages in
soma other locality commending it to pre ers !
ence. Os this, you, in your wisdom, will better
determine. Should you determine to locate it
elsewhere, I respectfully suggest that the press
ent. site with necessary repairs to the biilds
iogs not destroyed, and the addition of others,
involving no large expenditure, might be used
advantageously as a labor prison for person* of
; color convicted of certain crimes. Public works
i of suitable descriptions such as the tanning of
leather and the lower and more easily acquired j
! mechanic arts, coming within the purview of j
i the repor of the commissioners herewith trans*
| milted, might bo advantsgeonriy established j
here. I
Bv act of the General Assembly, approved
December 6 th, 1862, the Executive Was au- ,
thorized to establish, in connection with Messrs. |
Devine; Jones, and Lee, a Card Factory, for I
the supply of a want sorely felt throughout ths
State The connection was formed, and the !
factory established on the Penitentiary grounds.
Aa, in the changed circumstances of the coun
! try, it will not be desirable to either party to
- continue the connection, I advise the appoint
ment, of an agent, or agents, with full authority
to settle all matters in account between the
parties, and to divide the assets, and make sale
of such as may be allotted to the State.
The Penitentiary, if continued in operation,
wilt doubtless need the appropriation of more
or less money to extinguish in whole or in part
! the amount due it by the State, as stated in
the report of the prinoipal keeper, and to
which yonr attention is invited.
STATE HHASOES
The financial condition of the State demands
serious consideration, and wise action. The
currency in the treasury when hostilities
ceased is utterly worthless. The functions oi
all officers of the Stale government having
been for several months suspended, no tax has
been collected during the political year just
ended. The expenses incident to a reorganiza
tion of the government have been, thua far,
met by temporary loans, and these are now
very nearly exhausted. For all practical pur
poses the treasury may now be said to be
emoty.
From what has already been said, it is ap
parent that during the year upon which we
have entered large sums must be expended in
the revival of important interests. In addition
to these, the arrears due upon the civil list
of the last rear, the interest upon the public
debt, unpaid for several years, a portion of the
principal of that debt, matured, while we have
been cut off from connection with the rest of
mankind, and the necessary expenses of the
government during the political years 1866 and
1867 must necessarily be provided for. I in
clude the expenses of 1867, because if resort
be had to taxation, the usual resource of sup
porting government, tbat tax mnst be imposed
and collected in the present year. The arrear
ages of the past, and the regularly accruing
expenses of the present year, oan be met only
by the sale of valuable property possessed
by the State, or by loans predicated on her
credit. The former alternative I may dismiss,
as an expedieut without advocates.
Recourse must, then, be had to the credit of
the State, and the practical questions are, to
what extent and in what form it shall be
used. I accompany this communication with
a tabular estimate of money which will be re
quired for the years 1866 and 1867, which I j
think will admit of no materinl redaction. —
Stineradding to this sum so much aa you may
determine to exrend in the reconstruction and ,
! refitting of the Western A Atlantic railroad,'
vd thi Penitentiary,, aud such oilier appro
prifttions as it may be yogr pleasure to make,
i for the relief of disabled soldiers, for the suf
| sering families *f those who fell in thr war,
' which present strong claims upon out human
ity tmd our gratitude, and for any other pur
! o ,' >3P9 you will be enabled e’eariy so estimate
the nec’aitiei of the State We at once assume
the whole o-illiy it; in may which you may
dettV'iiinelou^Hl^feMf
Looking to fbo
will be necessary to d tevmine during your
present sossiou whether you will provide for
its wants by levying a tax during the present
year, or whether von will put that burthen also
upon the credit of the St.ato, and give to your
| constituents, in their reduced circumstances,
another year’s exemption from Stale taxation.
It must be borne in mind that there is upon
the stafcue book! an unexecuted law, requiring
i the payment of a tax in fhp year recently end
i nd—unexecuted, because of the disorganized
| condition of the goverment. I recommend the
remission of this tax, and the imposition of a
moderate one to bo collected during the latter
1 pa*t of the present year, when I,lie fruits of its
j operations shall have been partially realized
In the tabular estimate, before referred to, I
have, for convenient reference, set forth a state
ment, . made up from the report of the late
Comptroller General, showing what sums dif
ferent rates per cent, upon the assessed value
of property in 1860 father than slaves,) will
yield. -
Owing to the late period of your organiza
tion, and the circumstances su-ronnaing you
in yopr brief session, no appropriation of
money for the civil establishment, in the cur
rent year, has been made The first quarter
has very nearly expired, and to meet its de
mands it will be necesary to appropriate a
sufficient sum, before a general appropriation
act can be matured, and indeed as quickly as
possible, the amount of Which can be deduct
ed from the estimates in the general bill.
Discouraging as is the present aspect of our
financial affairs, it may safely be affirmed that
you may make the embarrassment only tempo
rary. The entire indebtedness of the State,
clearly ascertained, including its funded debt,
interest upon it in arrear, and the temporary
loans effected recently to put the government
again iu operation, falls short $3,500,009. If
to this were added two millions five hundred
thousand dollars to repair all reparable dam
ages, and meet present necessities, without im
nosing heavy burthens upon a people tempora
rily exhaus el by protracted war, the whore
amount of indebtedness would be six millions
of dollars. The annual interest upon this
sum, and the annual appropriations for the
| support of governm nt, upon the scale of esti
-1 mate here presented, *ou'd not exceed eight
1 hundred thousand dollars.
From the earnings of the 'Western and At
lantic railroad, put in good workingorder, and
| from a tax of one-eighth of tsnp ppr pent, upon
| the property of our people, (these estimates
: beir g pu intentionally low,) we may safely cal-
I culate on an income o! one million and fifty
.houaand do'lars, showing a yearly balance in
I the treasury pf two hundred and fifty thousand
1 dJflars This annual surplus might be treated
is a sinking fund for the public debt, as follows,
j If the debt b) raised to six millions of dollar^,
| (and it may fall considerably short of that
I amount) the bands to be hereafter issued, in
| redemption of those matured within the last
1 four years, and unpaid; in funding the arrears
| >t" interest on the funded debt, and to meet the
; piesent necessities of the State, will amount to
three millions four hundred and fifty-six thou
sand two hundred and fitly dollars. Two per
c >ut. upon this sum, set apart as a sinking hind
I (accumulative), would amount to sixty nine
| thousand one hundred and twenty-five dollars,
which, deducted from the annual surplus of two
! . U'tdri d and fifty thousand, would leave
| no hundred and eighty thousand eight bun
; ired aed seventy five dollar® Tins sum sei
| apart, and applied faithfully to tpe pay
: meut of 'the hoods now «xtant, would (as a
I little calculation will show) pay their fjpll
imount, as they mature, nnj.il 1812, when it
, would extingui-h nearly half ; leaving abou'
three hundred and seventy thousand dollars
10 be otherwise provided for six years hence.
That done, the annual surplus would in
oach year extinguish the maturing debt, now
existing, and close that accountin 1881. Mean- '
time the sinking fund provided, as proposed
{tor the newly created debt, if faithfully set
apart, and judiciously invested, would silently
but surely work out its redemption. One great
| advantage of the sinking fund' is, that it so-
I cures confidence, aud opens the way for favor
i able negotiation of the securities for which it
j may he provided. But another incalculable
advantage to the debtor State i«, that it dis
tributes the burthen of payment equally over
! all the years the debt has to tuu, whiob, for
bat reason, can never come, with a stunning
-rock upon the treasury, aud necessitate a rep
etition of tho borrowing operation. These are
matters of calculation, the data for which are
found in the Comptroller General’s report, ex
cept the estimated receipts from the "Western
and Atlantic railroad, jn which I have full
confidence. If|it be thought sufficient mar
gin has not hern left for miscellaneous appro
priations, the reply is, that, the annual income
wi Ibe swelled by items of taxation not taken
into the account, arid by dividends on railroad
stock owned by the State, also Jest out, be
cause not immediately available ; whilst, by
the gradual extinction pf the public debt now
existing, there will ho a corresponding reduc
tion in the amount of interest to be annually
paid, leaving each year a larger surplas.
It will have been seen - that it is proposed to
meet the over due bonds by issuing Other bonds,
and, aLo, to fund the interest iu arroar. The'a
is every reason to believe that no difficulty
will occur in affecting this) negotiation. As
evidence of this, I send you, herewith a copy of
a communication from Lewis H. Haslewood,
Esq., of London, chairman of a committee ap
pointed at a meeting of holders of American
securities, on which there are arrears of interest.
The very liberal proposition is therein made to
fund All the arrears of interest, and the interest
to accrue to January, 1867, inclusive, into a
bonded debt, the sole condition being, that a
sinking fund be established of 2 per ct. per an
num. Th,e amount of .debt represented bv Mr.
Haslewood is not stated; but it is presumed to
include all the sterling bonds of the State,
which (amount to seventy-two thousand dol-
and niay embrace others If foreign
creditors be willing to fund not onlv our in
terest in arrear on the first of July last, hat
that accruing within eighteen months there
after, can it be supposed our h >me creditors
will.hesitate to fund that accruing to the i s t
inst? Without au adequate sinking fund,
you cannot resuscitate promptly the fallen
credit of your State. With it you can. Un
less it be resuscitated, you must either hawk
your bond* about the money centers, md -ell
them at an euormoua sacrifice, making a nomi
nal ra'e of 7 per cent, equivalent to form 8 to
10 j>er c-nt, and have your credit always de
predated ; or you must greatly reduce your
expenses, including salaries, to a standard so
low as to banish fiom the service of the S'ate,
in all departments, citizens of sterling virtue
and ability ; or you must cause your constit
uents to groan urder a weight of taxation,
which now they are illy ub e to bear. To
avoid these disastrous alternatives, earnest,
decided action is indisjjensable ; and it is high
time that Georgia should adopt a judicious,
stable financial srstem.
I recommend, therefore, first, that you au- j
tborize the Executive, as the necessities of the I
State may require, and to that extent only, to i
issue bonds of the State, having not less than j
twenty nor moro than thirty year to run, bear ■
ing an interest not exceeding six per cent, for
an amount which, added to the existing funded
debt, not yet matured, shall not exceed six
millions of dollars Secondly, that for the pay
ment of the interest, and for the creation of a
sinking fund (accumulative) to discharge the
principal of the debt, now proposed to be creat
ed, of two per cent per annum on that principal,
so much of the annual income of the Western
and Atlantic railroad as may be necessary be
sacredly pledged, and that this pledge be set
forth in the bonds. Thirdly, that to t.ie extent
of this pledge, all Appropriations hitherto made,
for S ate uses and policy, of that income, (not
Involving the violation of contract,) be repealed.
Should these recommendations meet your
approval, it may be necessary to contract short
loans, to meet pressing necessities; but these
may bo extinguished as longer one 3 are ef
fected.
EDUCATION.
Hitherto the State ha? aided the c»U39 of
education chiefly in two ways: first, by the en
-1 dowment of a University, and sucondlv, by
setting apart certain funds for distribution
among the counties in aid of common schools
The case of the University l- som-what pecu
liar, but reality understood. Ira ■ riginal per
manent endowment was in lands, which, with
the consent and approbation of the General
| Assembly, the trustees sold on a credit, tab
ling bonds and mortgage for the purchase
money. Subsequently, the State assumed the
! collection of these securities, and assumed to
i account to tne University for the funds as col
| lected. In liquidation of the resulting trans
, actions, the tato transferred to the Univer
| sity one thoasand share? of the Bank pf the
1 State of Georgia, owned by her, the par value
j being one hundred thousand dollars. The
i trustees were espressly forbidien to sell or in
any way dispose of this stock, but were by
act of the General Assembly guaranteed per
-1 petually eight per cent, income from the stock;
‘ any overplus that might accrue from annual di
' , videuds,'enuring to the benefit, of the Institu
tion, and any deficit of the eight thousand dol
. I lars the State being pledged to make good.
And this has often been dono. no apeaal appro
-1 priation being made in each instance, but the
1 | deficit being always paid at tlje treasury by
provision of the act authorizing the transfer of
i the stock, and guaranteeing the annual income
I from it of eight thousand dollars. This gu-.ran
i ty was doubtless iuduced by iwo considerations;
, first, that, (as the history of the transaction
-1 spread upon the s'atue hook shows) the transfer
of the stock, was intended as a satisfattion and
settlement of money collected by the State on
the University bonds and mortgages Secondly,
because in making the transfer of Bank stock
[ the State assumed to inhibit the sale of it, which
would have been urjust, without assurance ot a
■ certain annual income beyond all contingency.
„ Deficits of the amount of 'dividend, ahd entire
failures of dividend have always in good fife
-yuiet^epponded to by the State. the re
war has ' 'i,
imp. tired. There are, knlecdP annfl
ities, (for so they may lie called) in tour avnrsar
; since the bank ceas-d to declare dividends 4
I am not aware of any purpose orLlhe part of
the trustees to urje, at this tinier finaucial
embarrassment, any claim for those arrears,
■ and I trust that they will forbear" it for the
present. Bnt to the resumption of the pay
ment of the annuity they are cleariy entitled,
1 and without it cannot keep the University in
• successful operation. Thp late Convention,
haviqg the history I have here briefly detail-
I ed fully presented to them, and in view of the
i importince of the'whole subject, placed upon
1 the Generally Assembly a constitutional obli
g»tion, to ” provide for tbe early resumption
of its exercises, (which hud been unavoidably
i suspended) by a permanent endowment of tbe
University.” Reiving upon the annutty of
eight thousand dollars, the trqstees have re
opened the Institntion, and I have, as you
will perceive, in the estimates accompanying
the communication, included this item. As as
eArly a dav as returning prosperity will per
mit, it will doubtless be the pleasure of the
General Assembly to make the permanent ne
dowment enjoined by the Conversion.
In like manner I have included in tbe es
timates the sums nsunlly accruing from divi
dends on Bunk stocks set apart for the pur
poses of school education This, like the oth
er, and like the noble charities in behalf of the
insane and the blind, is too important, and
too sacred a charge to be permitted to languish
and die for want of aliment, even in times such
as these. I trust the time is not faf distant
when much more can and will he done by the
State for the education of the masses, and for
the relief and comfort of those bereft of the
natural senses, or, still worse of reason. Per
haps all we can do now is to keep these ine
etitutions alive, tha’ thev may hereufter receive
proper nurture and fulfil their missions.
LAWS REGULATING INTEREST.
[ respectfully inrite the attention of the
i General Assembly to the whole subject of legal
! interest on money. Thera is no greater rice in
i government than governing too much. Undue
interference with an individual’s use of his
property, or with transactions between iudivis
duals, wherein each seeks, without convinous
practioes. to advance his own interest, always
| affects injuriously the general welfare. Hence,
| good governments do not seek to fix the prices
I of articles, either of necessity or of luxury; nor
! do they attempt to fix the compensation to be
i paid hy one man for the temporary nse of
another’s property, looney, or rather the use
of it, is as distinctly a subject of value, and its
value is as fluctuating, as the nse or occupa*
tion of a tenement, or the hire of a horse, or
other chattel Yet while rent and hire are left
to be regulated by contracting parties, interest
on money is fixed by law, and that law en
forced by vindicatory sanctions. lam unable
to perceive on what principle tHs difference
' rests. The usual pretext is that the restraint
is a necessary protection to the needy against
the usurer. Bor, does he require it more than an
other child of want, who can proctre no shel
tering roof for his family, by reason of the
occasional aporeciitiou of rents? Does he re
quire it more than another unfortunate, who,
at times, cannot give his family bread by rea
son of the high prices of provisions t Sound
political economy and light reason are against ,
all such interferences with prices and value in
commercial transactions. There are times when j
the use of money is worth much more than at !
[others. With ns it is rarely worth less lhao
| the legal rate of interest, but it if often worth !
' more. The policy of usury laws generally is, to |
j place the legal rate of interest at the lowest
j point to which,in a series of years, it would go
j if untromolled, and to keep it there, despite the
j varying relations of demand and supply. Hence,
i law abiding capitalists penally prefer other
j modes of employing money. Active capital,
| like runDin* water, |wlll always leave an ob
i struction for an unobstructed channel open to it.
i But experience proves that usury laws, as a gen
eral rule, are only obstructions, in money loud,
iog, to coMcioncloue or to cautions meo. Their
withdrawal leaves a more open field to the un- ;
scrupulous and the daring, enabling them to
extort from the borrowing class higher rates
than with free competition could be maintained
Thus it appears to me the restraint imposed on
ttu's branch, of business 13 not enly wrong ia
principle, but fails to afford the intended pro
lection. There is at this tirno in Georgia a
great wont of money. Bnpie need it to revive
a suspended business, others te oommence a
new, in the place of an old ente'priae, utterly
broken up. The capitalist abroad would bring
his money here, if be were allowed to charge
for Us use what it Is worth, without iucutrieg
forfeiture. It is probably wise, however, for
any people to make decided changes in their
monetary system gradually.
I suggest for your consideration Ihe expe
diency of so modifying the law os this subject
as’to make seven per cent, the legal rate, where
interest is chargeable according lo law, and no
rate fixed by conlract; and to provide fuither,
that any ‘rate of interest not exceeding ten .per
cent, may be established by, and collected un
der a contract for the payment of money. This
advance will probably jj9 sufficient to test ptao
tically the merit of. the proposed change, and
it will l>e easy from this point.'o rec d » or ad
vance further, as experience may dictaie.
inobease op pauperi m
ifS Owing to the sudden emancipation of persons
of co'or, and their consequent deprivation of
unfailing provision, hitherto enjoyed, for their
wants, whether in infancy; in old age. or in
sickness, there will probably be for a time at
least * great increase of pauperism. Against
its growth from idleness or vice, stringent legs!
penalties should be directed, and for snch cases
probably sufficient guards are provided in the
odw code. But for unavoidable poverty and
destitution, involving no deeree of criminality, i
provision must be made. Your constituents, ,
by the very act of emancipation which origi
nates this new burthen, have been in a great
degree impoverished, and it is hard that the two
evils should simultaneously, in the hour of ex
haustion, press upon th°ro. Only a resolute
and generous people eould bear with equanim
ity the great loss, and its supersdded annual
product of loss. But precisely because thev
are both resolute and generous, they have with
equanimity, realized the fact and its consequen
ces, and intend to do their whole duty, social
and moral, as well as political. But it is neither i
necessary nor right that the whole burthen)
should be thrown upon them.
Pauperism Is destitution of accumulated
means of subsistence, combined with inhabili
tv. from physical or mental causes, to produce
them ; but i’ only becomes a matter of public
concern when no private relist is afforded. —
As a s : mple fact, it ha? always existed among
that class, but has never before challenged at
tention as asocial evil. Why this difference?
Because, under the exploded system, each
pauper African had a master who cared for
his want3—oared for hem w 11—cared for
them cheerfully. How was he enabled to do
this, year after year ? From he fact that as
-1 sociated with these paupers, as well by ties
of consanguinity, as in fetter? of bondage,
were others capable of remunerative labor.—
The support of the pauper was nominally a
| charge upon the master, bnt he defrayed it
from the earnings oPthe laborer, standing in the
same relation to him. Now, his pre-existing
relation both to pauper and labor is annulled.
The pauper is no more a charge on him than
on the rest of tee body politic. The fruits of
the laborer’s toil are transferred from him to
the laborer himself. But the relations of class
and of kindred, between the pauper and the
laborer are undisturbed. The questions to be
considered, in view of the whole subjectj are.
‘‘does the transfer of the fruits of the laborers’
toil discharge them wholly from the burthen of
snpporiing the pauper—the master having lost
those fruits upon which the pauper’s support
was a charge, does it still adhere to him It
appears to me that, whether regarded as que**
| tions in political economy, or of abstract equis
I ty, the answer must be negative.
" There is, however, another aspect of the ca s e
which must not be overlooked. The abolition of
the relation of ma«tr and slave, which was a
| private relation, makes the existing pauperism a
; matter of public concern, to the relief of which
emancipated laborers, as a class, though not, ex
du-iw-ly bound, are liable to contribute. I re
| -pectfullv advise that, a moderate capitation tar,
| such ns no individual would feel oppressively, he
i laid upon each adult person of color capable of
| earning wages, and devoted exclusively to the
! sn- port of pvepars of the same class. I suggest.
al-o, that the tax collected fo l- this pnrpo-e, in
; each county, be paid to and dispensed by the
Jost'ces of *he Inferior Court of that county, un?
d<-r such rutes and regulations as yru may choose
1 1 prescribe.
CLAIM OF COTTON.
In answer to a communication fYora Prov Gov.
Johnson, relative to certain cotton claimed bv
tlie State of Georgia, and captured in Savannah
bv the Federal army, Mr. Secretary McCulloch,
of the Treasury Department, informs him bv a let
ter, a copy o f which accompanies this me'sage
♦hat th“ State must prosecute her c>a>m in the
Pourt of Ciaiirlr. IT. K. It wi’l be mv pleasure to
take mch action in the case as you may direct.
IMPROVEMENTS TO PUBLIC BUILDINBS, 40.
I transmit herewith a copy of the report of Col
Frobel, engineer, upon repairs and Improvements
of the public hnildings and grounds, to which T
i-vite your careful c msideration. Whilst evpn in
pnblio huiidingg and grounds thfre may be ex
hibited culpable extravagance in useless ornamen
tation, there is a certain degree o f eare In pre
serving, and of taste in beautifying them the ne
glect of wbick ia wholly inexcusable. The °ug
gpfltjons of Col. Frohel, npd of vonr committee?
cha g"d with this subject, will aid yon more than
anvthi r g T can say.
WhateVfe, nf error mav be found in the recom
, mepdations herein submitted, I bust will be COr
! rented by your snperior wisdom sided bv light
: from the unerring Source of Ail Truth. That is
I our purest reliance. and the bed, hope of our snf
i sering and struggling oenstituent*.
Respectfully submitted,
Charles J. Jenkins.
APPENDIX.
j f No. 1.)
ESTIMATE OF KXPENPITURRS FOR YEAR 186fi.
Pivit R tshlid^Pß
Contingent Fund. 1886
Printing Fund. 1866 25 000 00
Vupnortof nauners. sa'ari“S of officers,
Ac.. Lunatic Asylum. f 4 600 00
Support of ie demy for the B'ind... 6 non 0"
Rdncational Fund, (roratn'm schools) 23,355 0 n
Annual income guaranteed to the
T . - University 8,000 00
j Balance, estimated expense of the
Legislature 75.000 00
\ Interest, on the puhbc debt 154 000 CO
Estimated interest to accrue on new
debt 150 00 0 00
Miscellaneous appropr ations 100,000 00
SBOO 830 00
(No. 2.)
ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURES FOR 1867 AND AFTER
WARDS.
| Civil Establishment $ 88,onn on
1 Contingent Fund 18,000 00
Printing Fnnd 25.000 00
All expenses of T.unit.ic Asrlnm 64 500X0
Appropriation to Academy for the
BPnd 6,000 (to
Educational Fund, (cnjimon school-*) 73 RRS no
Annual incomegnaranteed Universitv, 8,000 00
Estimated expenses of General As
sembly 100 000 00
Fstimated fntere«t on Puhbc Deht ... 360 000 no
Miscellaneous appropriations 100,000 00
$791,455 00
(No. 3 )
ESTIMATE CF INCOME IN 1867 AND AFTERWARDS.
Nett proceeds from Western and At
lantic railroad $ 600,600 00
To be raised bv ad valorem tax of %
of 1 per cent...., 4*0,000 09
$1,050,000 00
(No. 4 )
Table showing results of different rates of taxa
tion, ad valorem, on the a o ses“rd value of prop
erty (other than slaves) in 1860 ;
On* half of one per cent, on *369.627 729.. $1,349 139 60
One fourth of one p ret on *369 697,T'2.. 994.969 39
One eighth of one per ct- on *S«a R 97 72?.. 46'019 9*
One tenth of one per ot. on *369.627.732.. 369 697 00
One twelfth of one pr ct. on $369,827,722.. 802,823 00
Yalttk of Confederate OtrmiEECY —The Le
gig’atnre o f No'th Carolina having uppointed a
iolnt select, oammittee to determine and report
upon the proper rate of gold as cornpa-ed wi b
Confederate currency daring the war, the com.
mittee made the following report:
The joint select committee to whom was referred
a resolution on the scale of depreciation of Con
federate currency, state that they have had the
s»me under care'ul consideration and. after ma
ture deliberation, ask leave to submit the follow
mg report :
Tht Confederate prices of Money from May Ist.
1861, so May let, 1966.
Months. 1861. 18«2. 1*63 1 864 1 865
January $1 20 $3 00 s2l 00 SSO 00
c ebrnary... 130 3 t>o 21 00 50 00
March 160 400 23 On 60 00
Anril IFO 500 20 00 100 00
'fay $1 10 150 500 19 00
T me 110 150 660 18 00
July 110 150 900 21 09
's -u t 110 150 14 00 23 00
8 -pfember.. 110 200 14 00 25 00
October 112 200 14 00 76 00
Vnvemher.. 115 250 15 00 30 00
n eeember . 129 260 20 00
D-c Ist to 10th *...36 00
Dec. 10th to 20th 42 00
Dec. 20th to 30th 49 00
Th ! s scale includes the entire month, from the j
fl-st*o the last day. except the month of Decern- :
her. eighto'P hundred and sixty f. ur, which is I
t'vided into three parts on account of its rapid
dapreo iat'on
O. L. Ha#r>s for the Oomm'tt e.
To Dealers.
w E b ave Just received the following articles, j
and are now offering them for sale at our S'ore,
No. 3 Van Winkle Block. Jao tson *'rret :
20 BBLS. Whisky
20 half bblr.'Whiiky
10 boxes Lemons
40,000 Segara, El Franco
10,000 Segarg,‘M. P. Rio Hondo
15,000 Segars, Londres Valenciua
10,000 Segars, Medii Rejia
8,000 Segars, El Secreto
25 do*, superior Hats
20 bbla. Havana Sugar:
ALSO,
Brandy, Whisky, Gin, Ac., Ac., lu eises
Balds Leaf Tobacco.
janlß—A v H* EDMONDSTON A 00,
CONSIGNEES PER STEAMER
FAN VIE LEHR, to Geo. R. Crnmp A Co.—W
H Poster, E Mu tin. A Stetens, Cook 4 Murphy,
J G Bailie.* Bro, Z McCord, W H Tut», Jones,
Smyth 4 Co, B F Tutt, Georgia Railroad, H Ed
mondstoß, J C Galvan, D Hallahan 4 Co, Flea
ing 4 Rowland.
CONSIGNEES PER STEAMER
SW All.—Barrett, 0 ft Co, Z McCord, Fleming 4
R, Bones', B 4 Co, Jno A Moore, F Phiniiy, W
M Smith, Georgia Railroad, J 4 T A Bones. J M
Gardiner. Sherman, J 4 Co, Bothwell 4 Co, B H
Manner, Davidson A Co, W C Hewett, Blasmeth
ft King, Bu't ft Bro, Maude ft. Wright, Johnson
ft Co, .1 C Galvan, Stevenson ft Shelton, Col 0
K Smith, Plnmb ft L.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
SOCIAL, LODGE, No. 1, p.% 4c A.*.
M/ —A Called Communication of Social Lodge, No. I
will be held at Masonic Hall, THIS (Friday) EVE
NING, at 7 o’clock.
The F.\ C.\ degree wit 1 be conferred.
By order of 8. D. Heard, W.-. M.\
WM. H. CEANE, Jr.,
jar,l9-1 Secretary.
"the charade and tableaux
0, mmtttee at work for the purpose of ratting funds to
erect a Cenotaph In memory of the heroic dead of
Augusta, who tost tf'elr Hvo» In the late war, and all
who are willing to take part In the Charade and Tab
leaux. to alii In this noble undertaking, will remember
the meeting to be held at the August* Orphan Asylum
THIS (Friday) AFTERNOON, at 8 o’clook.
j at>l9—l
REGISTRY LIST OPENED.—Cutax or
OonnoiL’a Orrion, City Hall, Augusta, 6a , Jan. 16tb,
IS66.—The Ksgtstry Lis’, is now open at my office, lor
the purpose of registering the names of and giving cer
tificates to the legal voters of the city of Augusta,
accordance with the Act of the Georgia
approved February 10th, 1856, end with the City Ordi
nances providing for carrying sa’d Act into effect, the
said Pit to be kept open until the first Monday in
April text.
Office hours dally (Sun- ays excepted) from 0, a. m.
to 1, p. m., and from Btos, p. m.
Rich and every appltoant, before registering, will be
required to take the following, ath: “ You do solemnly
swear that you are a citizen of the Un ted States ; that
you have res ded In tbe Stste of Georgia for the as
, t welve mnn'be, and this o ty for the last six months
that yon are twenty one years of age; that you have
paid all olty taxes and assessments, and have made ail
returns required of you by the «,ty ordinances, which
have boon in vour power to pay or make, according to
raid Ordinance ; and that you are now entitled to regif
: tration, and therefore to vo'e, ao .ordtng to the terms
of the Act cf the General Assembly of this State, in sueb
j case male and provided. So help you God.
ARCH’D B. CRUMP,
janl6—tar-2 Registry Clerk.
POST OFFICE NOTICE.—Post Opfiok,
Augusta, Ga., Jan. 15, 1866.—Until further notice, the'
lißtof u .oalledforL tie. 8 will be published (acco dins:
to law) in the Dally Constitutionalist.
FOSTER BLODGETT,
JanlC—6 Post Master.
WRAPPING PAPER-Tbe very best at 186
Broad street. J. T. LTN.
Janl4—s
COPPER TIPS PROTECT THE
toes of children’s shoes. One pair will outwear three
without tips. Sold < verywliere. . jan3—4m
J. J. ROBERTSON Sc CO., COTTON
Factors, have removed to the large and oommodlODS
I Fire-Proof Store. No. 6 Warren Block, where they will
continue! the Factorage Business in all Its bran'-hes.
Close storage for Cotton. dee2B—tf
TO CONTRACTORS.—SEALED PHO
. posria will be received until the first, day of February
1566, for the building of a Jail In the town of Louie
ville, Jefferson county. Plans and spectlicatio s oat,
be seen at the offloc of the Clerk of the Superior Court
of said county.
NOAH SMITH, J. I. C„ J. O.
A. E. TARVER. “ “
J; W. BRINSON, “
J; J. BROWN, •• “
L. 0. WARREN, “ “
l d-o22—td
FEiiDINANb PHINIZY, WARE
HOUSE ANI) COMMISSION MERCHANT, will con
tinue the Warehouse and Commission Business at the
old stand of Pfainlzy ft Olnyton, corner of Reynolds and
: Campbell streets, and will give bis personal attention
to the B’orage, Forwarding and sale of Cotton, and
Country Pioduce, Oonslgnmeuta tiro respectfully so
ltoited. *
Augusta, Oot. loth, 1865. oeD-Sin
M. S. HANCKBL, M. D., DENTIST,
respectfully offers hl» Professional Services to tho citi
! zatt of Augusta and Us vicinity.
E touts over 220 Broad street, a few doors btlow tb
\ Centre! It*.tel. --tr
mm iT THIS!
fjIHE ntlention if the public is respectfully
I oalled. and more particularly that portion
: who contemplate making a firet rate appearance,
■ to our handsome and select atnek of Clothing,
which we guarantee to be the best selection of
fered since the
WAR
I has closed, or since peace has been
DECLARED
! Every article we oiler is made np
WITH
the utmos l care, under the supervision of one of
our firm. We offsr to all who will favor ns with
their patromire greater bargains than can be ob
tained in the Clothing line in any of the Southern
States, from Virginia to
MEXICO.
Remember onr address I. SIMON ft CO., 224
Broad street, Augusta, Ga.
Our Overcoats. Pants and Vests have received
the praise of all who have pm chased or examined
them. We have Clothiug ot.every grade, at the
very lowest figures, all gotten up in the nicest
order. The style of our Garments would please the
PRINCE OF WALES
Those who desire Uurab'e Clothing, and ot latest
Fashion,
WILL
I do well to
VISIT
: onr establishment, 224 Broad street,
AUGUSTA, GEO. |
• |
! Where we intend to erect a beautiful Clothlcg Hail
'
Next Spring,
In order to supply the increasing demands of our
bu-iners, We would also call the attention of
country merchants. We offer them the most lib
era! induoemen's and selections from the largest
stock of Clothing we are daily receiving, which
cannot bo surpassed for quality, style and cheap
ness.
Wo have on hand, and are constantly receiving,
a'l kinds of fjnall wares, generally known a*
! “ Yankee Notions,” such as Buttons. Combe,
8 Usors and Bit • eudes. Also, Bilk, Wool and
Cotton
U.iderthirle, Drawerr, Sod s, wlueb
Will be Worth
Tho nttenti. n< f thote who need them. We are
determined to sell low, and give yon lor
Seventy-five Cents
as much as you will cet for a dollar in any similar
establishment iu the whole States.
Rememhi r our nddreis.
I. SIMON & CO.,
221 Broad Street,
AUGUSTA, GEO,
dec22 lm ,
Meal, Meal.
FRESH ground Meal for sale iu quantities to
Riiit nut chasers, at the
janlß —3 GRANITE MILLS. '
MEAL AND GRITS, j
Buckwheat flour, in sacks
New Orleans Byrup ,
Cuba Molasses
Cuba Orange?, Ac., Ao. i
Oomttntly on band, at
W. H. POTTER’S,
181 Broad strret,
janlS—6 Next door above Express Office.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS
THEATRE.
HALL.
Lessees and Managers,
RAYMOND & HAMILTON,
(41« o, of the Savannah Theatre.)
Thia popular plaoe of amusement will be opened on
Monday Evening, Jan. 22d,
With a full and complete
DrtAMATIO OOBPS,
Whoae success in Savannah durinr the paat
twenty weeks has been unprecedented.
During the first week of the brief aea«op
to be (riven in Augusta, the po; ular Tragedian,
Mr. Theodore Hamilton,
Will appear in a number ot his
FAVORITK CHARACTERS,
, Commencing in Bulwer’s great play of
iA I O X3I E T i X Lu XX ,
OR,
THE CONSPIRACY.
CARDINAL RICHELIEU. Mr. T. HAMILTON,
(As acted by him throughout the South
dnring the past five year 3.)
DeMauprat ....Mr. M. M. Loud.
Rarada*. Mr. F. L. Wise
y fionig XUI Mr. R. H. Brown.
r Deßerlnghen Mr Ed. Pnhn.
Gaston. Duke of Orleans Mr Van Order.
ffugnet Mr. Fortiseue-
Joseph, a Oapauchin »...Hr. H. Eranois.
Francois, a Page Mrs. W. Boswell.
Julie de Mortimar Miss I«adove Cameron.
Marion de Lorme Mrs. Theo. Hamilton.
AN EFFICIENT ORCHESTRA,
tinder able directorship, has been secured,
RESERVED SEATS,
Without additional charge, mav bo secured a'
the Music and Book Store of J. C. Schreiner A
Co., on Monday morning. janlfi—3
Gunny Bagging,
ON CONSIGNMENT.
AND FOR SALE BY
JAS. T. GARDINER.
j.thl9— 6
LAW CARD.
T
AHE undersigned have removed their office
, from Savannah, Georgia, to
110 Broadway, Hew York,
where they will with pleasure attend to any
busiuess entrusted to their care.
Every attention will bo given to the collec
tion of Southern Claims, and arrangements
have been made which will facilitate their early
settlement.
WARD & JONES.
JOHN E. WARD.
; • CHARLES C. JONES, Jr. janl9 4
For Sale,
A FINE imported Durham Dull, throe yean
l\ nld. Alßo,three fine Mules, with homes'
and dravs complete, and -fair larg" wasrons.
suitable for hairline wood or lumber. The above
will be sold on reasonable terms by applying soot
at ihe Augusta Oil Works.
D. HALL AH IN A CO.,
1 Janl9-tf Opposite the Gas Works.
1 Iron.
Alsl* rises Iron, from % square to 11 inol
. slabs—not Swedes, but we guarantee it, 0
bo as good us nnv Swedes Ir n ever made, and
1 all we ask is a fair trial of it, which we sell iow
janlfi—tf NEAL WHITLOCK A CO.
Hephzibah High School,
MALE AND FEMALE,
Brothersville, Rieliinond Co.
W L. KILPATRICK, V T. HAPTFORD, Anan
c'ato Principals.
• Miss CLARA WILSON, Instructress in Music.
THE •• xercire* of this Institution will he re.
sumed on first Monday in February, 1806.
. PER ANNUM.
j Tuition for Primary Classes $32 On
“ Advanced “ 40 Os
“ Music 40 On
Board, exclusive of lights and washing, $1?
j per month.
Tuition and Board payable in specie or i'r
| equivalent, half in advanco, remainder at close of
term.
Any soldier disqualified bv wounds f>r manual
labor, and the indigent orphans of soldiers, mij
enjoy all the benefits of this School free of tu
ition.
For further information nddrego pjtber of the
Principals at Richmond Factory, Ga.
ianl9 —6
ADMINISTRATORS’ SALE
WILL be sold, at (be Lower Market House,
in the city of Augusta, on TUESDAY,
the 6th day of March next, between the hours of
10 and 11, a. m., the Mobley Pond Plantation,
situated in Seriveti cetinty, on the Savannah
river, half wav hetween Savannah and Augusts.
This valuable settlement consists of some 4 200
acres of land, a large portion of it cleared and
uuder fence. The lands are known as being equal
to any in the State for the growth of oot'ton and
corn. The pond lands, when not cultivated, af
ford the verv best pasturage. As parties desirous
of purchasing would no doubt examine for them
selves. it 4s not deemed requldte to sav any thinp
further than that if they visit the plantation the
property will be shown to them bv Mr. J. I).
Aftibery, who has charge Terms on day of sale.
ADAM JOHNSTON, . 3
Administrator estate W. H T. Walker
WALTER IRWIN JOHNSTON, ’
• Administrator estate Mary G. Walker
janl9—td
Found,
ON Bridge Row, a Raw Hide, which the own
er can have bv describing property and pay
ing for this advertisement. Apply to
JAMES H. OAHAGHAN,
in house in Bridge Row from Broad street
janlO— l*
A RARE OPPORTUNITY.
The subscriber having authority to sell
County and State Rights for the manufacture
and sale of Skirper’s Patent Gang Plow nnd
Oatton Cultivator, will be happy te confer with
any responsible person or company who may wish
! te engage in the manu r acture of said implements,
j Their practical utility has been fully estab-
I lished.
, They are the be-t implements of their bird be
fore the public.
j For certificates, terms and circulars, with cuts,
apply to M. R. DERRICK,
janl9-10* P O. Box 19, Augusta, Ga.
SHAD, GAME. OYSTERS,
AND
SMALL FISH.
WE would respectfully inform our old pat
rnns and friends that we are now prepared
to furnish, at the !nwe r t cash rates, all kinds of
F‘*6, Oysters and produce es the Savannah mar
k t. JOS. BRAMELL A CO .
Market Dock, Savannah, Ga.
j jml9— aoc'6
Ale, Ale.
MASSEY. COLLINS A GO 'S CELEBRATED !
PHILADELPHIA
ALE.
Constantly on hard, and for sale by
J. C. GALVAN, 1
jaul9- 6 No. 293 Brond s reet (
Soda ! Soda! Soda!!
20 KEGS English Bi-Curb. Soda.
For sale by
«. R. CRUMP A CO.,
jan!9—3 209 Broad street.
SOAP, SOAP, SOAR
20 BOXES Golden Medal Soap ! (
20 Baxes Sterlne Soap . J *
40 Boxns Aroma Mills Soap.
For sale by
G. R. ORUMP & 00.,
Janl9—3 209 Broad street.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
GOLD!
For sale by m
J. SIBLEY & SONS,
No. 6 Warren Block.
i»M9—l‘
New York Exchange
AT SIGHT,
, AND
IN SUMS TO SUIT PURCHASERS,
For sale l y
J. SIBLEY & SONS,
No. tt Warren Block.
janl9—tf
Dancing Academy,
T IHE undersigned beg* leave to inform the
JJ"™' *hat he will open a Dancing Academy
it, 202 Broad street, formerly known as Washing
n n Hall, where he will teach the most fashiona
ble Dances.
HOURS OF TUITION :
For Children, on Mnndav, Wednesiay and Fri
day, a* the hour from Bto 6. y mV** '
For Gentlemen, Tuesday, Thursday and Satur
av. from 7 to 9. p. u».
For terms armly at 135 Broad stre t, or at the
iia I duririK the les?t.D.
or* tt „ * ALEXEI EON.
riof. A. metr, M v ician. 'an!9—-12
QUOTATIONS FOR SOUTHERN BANK ROTES.
NEW YORK, January 4, 1866.
BANKING HOUSE OP
MANN ? NG & DE FOREST,
19 WALL STREET,
NEW YORK.
a BUYING RATES:
VIRGINIA.
Bank of Berke’ey 86
“ Commerce, Fredericksburg 40
“ Charles’on, Charleston 24
“ the Commonwealth
“ Howardsville, secured 30
" Old Dominion 42,
“ Pliillippi. secured 30
*• Rockbridge 38
“ Rockingham 37
“ Scottsville, secured 30
“ tho Valley v 8i
“ Virginia 35
“ Winchester 50
Central Rank of Virginia, secured 30.
Corporation of Alexandria 45
flanvilie Bank. Danville 23
Exchange Hank of Va., Norfolk 32
Farmers' Bank of Finoastle 34
“ “ Virginia 40
Merchants’ Bank, Lynchburg, secured .. 40
Monticello Bank, secured : 30
Northwestern Bank at, Jeffersonville 95
Southwee’ern Batik. Wytheville 34
Traders’ Bank, Richmond 3u
Rank of Richmond 24
NORTH CAROLINA.
Rank of. Cape Ft ar 37
“ Charlotte 30
" Olaremjon 14
“ Commerce 22
“ Fayetteville ............ 14
“ Lexington 30
Nmth Carolina 87
“ Wad'shorn 22
“ Washington 15
“ • Wilmioirton : 15
“ Yaocevilie 13
Commercial Rank, Wilmington 18
Farmers’ Bank of North Carolina 3f>
Merchants’ Bank, Ncwbe.rn 35
Rank ot Rnxbpro; 25
Minersand Planters’ Ba' k 30
Bank of Thomnsville 30
•SOUTH CAROLINA.
Bank of Camden... 40 .
Bank of Charleston... 18
“ cheater ‘>o
“ Georgetown 18
“ Hamburg 13
Newbury 25
“ South Carolina... )8
“ State of So. Carolina, old issue. 22
Commercial Bank. Columbia 18
Fxchnnge Bank, Columbia 18
Farmers’nnd Exchange..; k>
Merchants’ Chernw 2 J
I People’s Bank 40
Planters’ Bank, Fairfield 20
Planters’ and Mechanics’ Bank 23
Sonibwestern Rail Road 30
State Bank 10
Union Bank 60
A GEORGIA.
Augusta Insurance and H’U,* Cn
, Buuk of Augusla "”.* 30
“ Athens jo
■ “ Columbus 18
“ Commerce ~ 12
. * Fulton 2ft
r> “ Empire State 15
r “ Middle Georgia 75
j “ Savannah 45
. Rank of State of Georgia ?5
1 Cential Railroad Banking Go <u
City Bank of Augusta.. .7 23
‘ Farmers’ and Mechanics’ 17
Georgia Railroad and Banking Co. .. .. !! 94
. Marine Bank 80
Mechanics Bank ..."!!!!!! 12
' Merchants and Planters’Bank..!..!."..!..! 12
Planters’ Bank 16
, Timber Cutters’ Bank „!!!!!!!!.. f>
Union “ jo
Manufacturers’ Bank, Maciin......".!!!.!!.! 15
„ ALABAMA
Bunk of M«biV 70
“ Montgomery 90
( “ Srlma _ 35
, Ci mmnrcial Bank !..!.'."! 35
f Central Bank 35
Eastern Bank !.'!!.'!!!.' 50
Northern Bank ..«..!..!!!!!." 50
Southern Bank !!!!!!!"!!! 70
’ , , TENNESSEE. ’
Bank of leonessee, rid is-ue 35
... ‘ 9f Tennessee, new issue
Planters’ Bank 64
Union <* .’!!'."!’!.'!!.' 65
1 Bank of Chattanooga 25
“ Commerce ..!..!..!!.!..... 40
“ Knoxville 40
“ Memobis 75
” M'dd'e Tennessee , 80
“ Paris .. 40
“ the Union ..!"!!!!!’!!"!*!!!!!!!!. 90
'[ AVpst Tennesson 40
Back’s Bank 90
City “ 50
Commercial Bank. ."! 90
Merchants’ <t !...' 50
Northern << 90
Oaoeo <• 40
Bank of Shellivville. " 75
Southern Bank 10
Traders’ « 25
n , _ LOUISIANA.
II UK of Am n r»04.,.. 120
“ 1 oui iana...« 35
_ ‘‘ New Orleans 60
Canal Park 98
Citizens’ Bank. 99
Crescent City 70
| Louisiana Sta'e Bank.'.!!'.!..! 55
Mechanics’ am] Traders’ Bank ..' ! 95
Merchants’ ' « fi( i
Southern Bank iio
Union
Ni w Orleans City'-8erip.!.V.!!!!!!!!!“’“!!!!.'. 90
STATE BONDS AND COUPONS.
M, n, » K ? nriß 70 to 71
Vnr b p* ro [l ,>l ' Bonds 87, to 87
North Carol, na Floyd Bonda 60
South Carolina Bond*. 70 to 75
Georgia Bonds 90 to 92
Tennessee Bonds !!!’!'!!!V.V.!!!!!!.'89 to 90
fnrm lflSL™ b ° nd3 are with"'coupons, ■
City of Savannah, On., Bonds 65 to 70
* ™
New Orleans City R to 74
consolidated 1 . 85
City Memidiif endorsed by State Te’nn!!!*6o
„ Railroad. * 53 to sft
Savannah Cnnfmu *.!**. .!!!!"’/,**"]*•'
Memphis Coupons \ZZ. 90 *0 a?
North Carolina Coupons 55 t 0 57
Georgia Coupons I? “2
Virginia Coupon*
Sonth Carolina R. R. Rond!!!!..! mi
Savannah ano Charleston Ist mortgage”^
BSssv«i«rs; & ir”"!•» *
Mobile’ll it- R - BiioO ri so 1,1
Mobile & Oh,o R R. st?. Bonds 55 to 60
Coupons 55 to 60
Souter’n SemoPi ex,rr> ? iv «ly in all kinds of
tion rn Pnr^hT and pay particular atten
ing m,W. . h r> “, n<l Sa,e * on Commission. 81l-
Banki Ban i7 " n<l t ho » p indebted to the
exD-. s« wiiT eS r "^l 1 " Packages by mail or
the marki nT V ® Uie *»er eUt of any advance in
cli«“ I k 1 *?**' •T'otn'tons arc notlikelv tode
. money and securities aie in
yreit request a' present.
o*.ii fer r°\r t,le Bankers and Business Houses gen
■d-i V „ tk NpW V >rk ’ F - C. Buiber A Sons, and
Bdwin Tlmmas. Augusta.
octl9-2aw3m
COTTON SEED
AND
G UANO,
1,000 BUSHELS ot PETIT GULF Cot
tm Seed, warranted genuine.
2,000 Bushels ALABAMA Cottsn Seed,
art* wih of 1866.
400 Barrels of the celebrated
SWAN ISLAND GUANO.
For sale by
J. SIBLEY & SONS.
j«tl8—« ' 5
*'T ■v'v* ’’